Chitanga Kubudiswa: Gadziriro Yakagadzirirwa Kutapura Nyika Yako

Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rakagadzira hurumende yamasimba akaparadzana, ichiparadzanisa chiremera pakati pamapazu matatu akaenzana: mitemo, mutungamiriri, uye mutongi. Ichi chivako hachisi chidzidzo chehurumende chisiri chemhindu; injini inosunda mitemo, miraudzo, uye dziviriro zvaunosangana nazvo zuva riri rose. Kubva mumhepo unofema muuyo wefariro pachikwereti chenhaka, kubva pamipimo yekotsekanyo munzvimbo yako yebasa kusvikira kukodzero dzaunayo apo unopomerwa mhaka, bazi rimwe nerimwe rinoita basa rakasiana neresimba. Kunzwisisa kuti aya masimba akaparadzana ehurumende inhano yokutanga kuziva kuti zvisarudzo zvavo zvinoumba sei upenyu hwako, mari yako, uye rusununguko rwako.

Bazu Romutemo: Kugadzira Nzvimbo Yapamutemo

Bazu remitemo, rakaumbwa neUnited States Congress, idare rokuita mitemo rehurumende yehurumende. Rine makamuri maviri: Dare neImba yavamiririri. Pamwe chete, vanokarakadza, kukurukura, uye kuvhota pamabhiri ayo, kana akasainwa mumutemo, anova mitemo inosungisa nokuda kworudzi rwose. Pesvedzero yeCongress paupenyu hwezuva nezuva ihuru, sezvainodzora bhajeti yemari yehurumende, inodzora kutengeserana kwenyika, uye inoisa mutemo wenyika pachinhu chiri chose kubva kudziviriro kuenda kudzidzo.

Kuvaka Nesimba Remisangano

Kuti unzwisise kuti mitemo inokutapura sei, kunobetsera kunzwisisa mitoro yakasiana yekamuri rimwe nerimwe:

  • Dare rimwe nerimwe, pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vemo, rinotumira vamiririri vaviri kuti vabatire mashoko amakore matanhatu. Iyi gadziriro yakagadzirirwa kupa nyika duku dzakaenzana. Dare rinoshandisa masimba akasiana, kubatanidza kubatanidzwa kwezvibvumirano (kutsiva mavhoti maviri echikamu) uye kusimbiswa kwekugadzwa kwapurezidhendi kwakadai savamiririri veComplican, vatongi vehurumende, uye vatongi vakuru veDare. Nemhaka yekuti vanoshanda mashoko marefu, kazhinji kazhinji vanokwanisa kuita chimwe chibvumirano, chiono chirefu pamusoro penhau dzorudzi.
  • Imba yavamiriri: Nemitezo yokuvhota inogoverwa navagari vehurumende 435, Imba yakarongedzerwa kuratidzira kuda kwavanhu zvakananga. Vamiriri vanobatira bedzi mashoko amakore maviri, kuchivaita kuti vagamuchire zvikuru zvinonetsa zvomunzvimbomo. Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa Imba simba chairo rokutanga zvikwereti zvemari (mutero nokushandisa mari), uye rinoita simba rokusatendera, kureva kuti rinogona kuraira nenzira yapamutemo mukuru mukuru mukuru mukuru womuhurumende nomufambiro wakashata.

Kupinza Kunoita Chiito Cheungano Mumufaro Wako Wezuva Nezuva

Panodarika dare reCongress uye Purezidhendi achiripa chiratidzo, zvinhu zvinochinja.

  • Traxation: Mudzidzi ari wose Ane Mitemo Inobudirira (ESA) akatsiva Haana Mwana Akasiiwa Seri, achichinja mipimo yokuzvidavirira achidzokera kunyika apo akanga achiri kuda kuedzwa kwegore negore. Mitemo yemari, inorongwa neCongress, inotema mari inogamuchirwa neruwa rwechikoro chako nokuda kwedzidzo chaiyo, musoro weI purogiramu yedzidzo yakaderera yavadzidzi, uye yamuro yemari yepakoreji yakaitwa paCapitol Hill inotapura zvakananga zvikwazvo zvomudzidzisi wekirasi, zvinodikanwa zvegore negore, uye mutengo wedzidzo yakakwirira.
  • Kutarisira kwakakomba: Act [[FT:2] Act yeCare Care Indaneti (ACA) (inonziwo Obamacare) yakanga iri chikamu chikuru chemitemo yakagadziridza musika weinishuwarenzi. Yairambidza kurambwa kwemitengo yeinishuwarenzi nemhaka yemigariro yapamberi, yakabvumira vakuru vaduku kuramba vari pagadziriro yomubereki kusvikira pazera ramakore 26, uye yagadzira mari yokutenga inishuwarenzi kupfurikidza neMedicarearesa kana kuti misika yemitengwa. Kuwedzera kwemari yemari yemari inodzo pamusoro pezvipatarati yechipatara.
  • Indacracture and Cumpris: [FT] Imbasaro yeIndaneti neMitemo mitsva (2021) yakagovera mabhiriyoni nokuda kwemigwagwa, mabhiriji, mabhiriji, nhivi yepanyika. Iyo inoshandura kusvika kumiganhu yakadzika-pfuudza, yakakudziridza kusvika kunzvimbo dzemakombiyuta muruwa, uye mabasa matsva okuvaka. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mitemo inodzora bhizimisi, se [[FLT:] Fircerst Act uye [FLT]

Pamusana pokuti kutsigira mari yezvipo zvemari kunoitwa nesangano reNational Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation, uye kudzivirira mhoteredzo kunotapura pakupedzisira upenyu hwako hwomunhu oga nohwebasa.

Bazu Rine Vatungamiriri: Kupa Mitemo uye Kuisa Zvinhu Zvokutanga

Bazu guru isimba rinodzora uye rinoita kuti hurumende ishande. Rinotungamirirwa naPrezidhendi weUnited States, rinobatanidza Vice Prezidhendi, madhipatimendi makuru (15), uye mazana amasangano ehurumende, masangano, mahofisi. Uko Congress anonyora mitemo, bazu guru rinoiisa muchiito — uye kazhinji kazhinji rinoumba revo yaro inoshanda kupfurikidza nokuita murairo, kuchengeta, uye mirairo yavakuru vakuru.

Purezidhendi Nedare

Kupesvedzera kwaShe kukuru asi kwakasungwa nomurairo. Masimba makuru anobatanidza:

  • Kusaina kana kuti kuisa mutemo unobvumiranwa neDare
  • Kupa zvirevo zvavakuru vakuru, izvo zvinotungamirira masangano ehurumende pamusoro penzira yokushandisa nayo mitemo
  • Kugadza vatongi vomuhurumende, nhume, uye mitezo yeKabhinati (nesimbiso yaDare)
  • Mukuru mukuru wemauto ane zvombo
  • Kuitisa muitiro wokumwe uye kutaurirana zvibvumirano (panyaya yokutenderwa neDare)

Vanyori veKhabinet, vakadai soMunyori Wedzidzo, Munyori Wezveutano Nemasangano Avanhu, uye Munyori WeHomeland Security, vanotarisira madhipatimendi avo akasiyana - siyana uye vanoita zvirongwa zvaPurezidhendi.

Mirayiro Yakananga Nemitemo: Kuumba Kwainoita Nyika Yako

Mirairo yapamberi pehurumende inobvumira Purezidhendi kugadza muitiro pasina tendero yapakarepo, kunyange zvazvo iri pasi pehwirudzuro yedare uye inogona kuchinjwa nomutsivi. Mienzaniso yemisi ichangobva kupfuura inobatanidza zvirango pamusoro pokupinda munyika (kurambidzwa kwechibvumirano, Defered Action for Childhosting Applications program), chinjo yemamiriro okunze (kuchinja pamusoro peburi remagetsi, kubatanidzwazve neParesa Resciation), uye chikwereti chavadzidzi.

Masangano ehurumende anoita mitemo yakawanda inodzora upenyu hwezuva nezuva.

  • Environry Protection Agency (EPA): Inogadza mhepo yakachena nemvura zvinotapura kunaka kwemvura yako yokunwa, kubudiswa kwemotokari, uye kucheneswa kwenzvimbo dzetsvina dzine chepfu.
  • Nzvimbo yeBasa (DOL):[ mitemo yemibhadharo yakaganhurirwa, mitemo yomuraudzo (yakadai seFair Labor Standard Act), mipimo yekotsekano yebasa (Occucational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA), uye mitemo yemhuri.
  • Kuparwa kweUtano Nemasangano Avanhu (HHS): Arefare Medicare, Medicaid, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), uye Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Zvisarudzo pano zvinosarudza zvinokarakadza zvemishonga, kukotsekana kwemirimo, kuita kwezvoutano hwekurumidziro, uye kusvika kuzvoutano hwezvipo zvavanhu vasina kudzivirirwa.
  • Sacial Security Administration (SSA): Vafundisi vanorega basa, vakaremara, uye vakapukunyuka vanobetserwa nemamiriyoni eAmerica — dziviriro yakakomba nokuda kwechiverengero chavagari vemo chokukwegura.

Zvisarudzo zvekuchengetedza nyika zvinoitwa nebazi guru zvinewo migumisiro yakakura: Kushandiswa kweMidyaro, ungwaru, uye kuronga zvinhu kunobatsira kugadzikana kwenyika dzakawanda, izvo zvinokanganisawo kutengeserana, basa, uye kudada kwenyika.

Bazu Rokutonga: Kududzira Mitemo Nokudzivirira Kodzero

Bazu rinotonga, rakaumbwa neDare Rapamusorosoro reUnited States nematare ehurumende akaderera (matare eruwa, matare ezvikumbiro, uye matare chaiwo) anopomerwa kutsanangura mitemo neBumbiro remitemo. Basa raro rinowanzorondedzerwa se “bazu remhuka rine ngozi" nemhaka yokuti harina simba pachikwama kana kuti munondo, asi mirau yaro inobatira uye inogona kudzorera nzanga.

Zvivako zvePuderal Judiciary

  • Dare reMitemo: Vatongi vapfumbamwe (kubatanidza ruramisiro imwe huru) vanobatira kugadza kwoupenyu hwose. Vanonzwa kukwirira kumatare akaderera panhau dzinobatanidza mutemo womubatanidzwa, mibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo, uye gakava pakati pehurumende. Dare rinosarudza dzinenge nhau 70-80 pagore, rinosarudza idzo dzinoraira nhau dzapamutemo kana kuti rwisano pakati pematare akaderera.
  • Matare Enhu ezvikwiriso: Kune matunhu 13, rimwe nerimwe rinofukidza nzvimbo. Aya matare anohwirudzura zvisarudzo zvakabva kumatare oruwa namasangano. Kutonga kwavo kunoparira muenzaniso mukati medunhu ravo, uye kana matunhu asingabvumirani, Dare Rapamusoro kazhinji kazhinji rinopindira kupedza rwisano.
  • Dare reProfegist: Dare rokutonga rehurumende, umo mhaka dzinotanga kutongwa. Dzinobata kurovererwa mhaka, sutu, uye denho kumirau yehurumende.

Zvisarudzo Zvinooneka Zvakachinja Upenyu Hwezuva Riri Rose

Zvisarudzo zveDare Repamusorosoro zvine zvazvinoita zvakananga uye zvinogara kwenguva refu pavanhu.

  • Kodzero nerusununguko: [[FLT:] brown v. Board of Education (154) yakaguma pamutemo muzvikoro zvavose. Munhau yazvino uno zvikuru, [[FLT:]bergefell v. Hodges (011:5] inobvuma roorano imwe cheteyo yeteji sekodzero yapamutemo, uye Dobs v. Jackson’s Health Organization [2022] [FL:]] kushatisa [FLT8].[FLT] v.[FLT8]
  • Kutaura kwakasununguka neInternet: Nhau dzakafanana ne Reno v. ACLU (1997) yakarova mativi eNhevedzo Dzekurukurirano, kudzivirira kutaura kwakasununguka paIndaneti. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, [[FLT:]] Zvisarudzo zveNetchoices [ Kuvhomba nemitemo yehurumende inodzora zviteshiviso zvenzanga, inotapura kuti unogona kugoverana nokushandisa sei mashoko.
  • Murairo wezvokuyera: Dare rakatotonga kazhinji kazhinji pamiganhu yesimba rehurumende pasi peChommerce Clause, richitapura chinhu chiri chose kubva mumirairo yeinishuwarenzi youtano yokudzora. NFIB v. Seberius (202) chisarudzo chakatsigira ACA asi chakaganhurira mano ehurumende okudzivisa Médid mari kubva kuruwa rwakaramba kukura.
  • Ruramisiro: Nhevedzo dzeLandmark dzakadai se Miranda v. Arizona (1966) yakatanga chinodikanwa kuti mapurisa azivise maruramiro awo (“Iwe une maruramiro okuramba wakanyarara...”. [FLT: 4.] Gideon v. Wainright (663) akavimbisa kodzero yezano nokuda kwevanonyumwirwa avo vasingagoni kubhadhara gweta.

Apo unosaina chibvumirano, unobhadhara mitero, kana kuti unonyora dare rokutonga, gadziriro yokududzira dare rehurumende inodzora maruramiro ako nemisengwa.

Kuchinja - chinja Kwemakero Nedzikamo

Unyanzvi hwegadziriro yemibatanidzwa mitatu iri munzvero nedzikamo izvo zvinodzivisa bazu ripi neripi kudzora. Hapana bazi rinoshanda riri roga:

  • Congress inoita mitemo, asi Purezidhendi anogona kuvapinza; Congress inogona kukurira chiverengero chamatatu maviri mumakamuri ose ari maviri.
  • Purezidhendi anotora vatongi vehurumende, asi Dare rinofanira kuvasimbisa.
  • Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa rinogona kuputsa mitemo nezviito zvokutungamirira sezvisiri zvehurumende, asi Congress inogona kukarakadza kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kuti riputse chisarudzo, uye Purezidhendi anogadza ruramisiro itsva apo zvinzvimbo zvinoitika.
  • Dare rinodzora bhajeti uye rinogona kubvisa Purezidhendi, vatongi vehurumende, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru.

Iyi dzvinyiriro huru inotapura upenyu hwako nemhaka yokuti inomanikidza kurukurirano, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye kurangarira chinjo huru dzisati dzatanga.

Kubatanidzwa Kungaita Vagari Vemo Nebazu Rimwe Nerimwe

Zivo inongova mavambo bedzi. Democracy inobudirira apo vagari vemo vanotora rutivi nokushingaira. Hedzi nzira dzinoshanda dzokubatana nebazu rimwe nerimwe:

  • taurai navamiririri venyu muCongress (vawanire pa Conreg.gov). Pindai horo dzetaundi, tsinhira pamusoro pezvikwereti zvinokarakadzwa kupfurikidza ne Regables.gov[ nzvimbo (inobata tsinhiro dzavose pamitemo yesangano, asi inokurudzirawo pesvedzero), uye vhota musarudzo iri yose — kubatanidza nzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo kana kuti hofisi ndiyo imwe nzira yokuita nayo mutemo kubva pasi.
  • Mutemo:[[FLT House] inobvumira tsinhiro kupfurikidza nenzvimbo yayo yapamutemo, uye masangano ehurumende (seEPA neHHS) anobudisa mitemo inokarakadzwa nokuda kwetsinhiro yavose pamberi pokupedzisa. Unogonawo kuonana ne Office yePresidenti yePresidenti[ kana kuti kupa rusununguko rwezvikumbiro zvemashoko kuti zviite masangano anozvidavirira. Masangano enzanga kazhinji kazhinji anogovera mubato pakuitwa kwepurogiramu dzomubatanidzwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Judicial: Nepo pesvedzero yakananga yakaganhurirwa, vagari vemo vanogona kunyora mipfupiso yeamicus mumhaka dzefariro, kutevera nharo dzeDare Gurusa (dzinosimudzwa panzvimbo yedare pa [[FLT]] SSMEcount. gov), uye kutora rutivi mubasa redare — ibwe rekona rebazu redare rinotonga. Zvisarudzo zvikuru kazhinji kazhinji zvinoda kuisa kukwirira kwamakore; kutsigira makambani eparame kana kuti mapoka ezvisarudzo zvinogona kubetsera kuumba zvibvumikiso zvanzwiwa navatongi.

Kubatanidza Mapazi Nemari Yako Yomunhu Oga Nenguva Yemberi

Kubatanidzwa kwamapazu ose matatu pakupedzisira kunobata mhuri yenyu.

  • :[[FLT: 1] Congress inogadza mwero yemitero nechikwereti (sechikwereti chaChild Leach); mukuru mukuru-bhurokun Invector Service (IRS) anounganidza mitero nokumanikidzira; matare anopedza gakava pamusoro pomutero. Chinjo kubumbiro remitero dzinotapura zvakananga kutora muripo wehotera nezvinodzorwa.
  • Dziviriro dzeChombo:[[FLT: 1] Federal Trade Commission (bazu rinotambudza) inogombedzera mitemo yedziviriro yavatengi inopfuudzwa neDare, uye matare anodudzira chinoumba kushambadzira kwokunyengera, kuputswa kwemashoko epachivande, uye unyengeri.
  • Kodzero dzokuvhota:[[FLT: 1] Congress inopa mitemo yakadai seVoting Rights Act; bazu guru kupfurikidza navakuru veSarudzo rehurumende uye Dhipatimendi reRumisiro rinovamanikidzira; matare anobata mhaka pamitemo, mitemo yeID yevhoti, uye kusvika kwaunoita. Kukwanisa kwako kuvhota — uye uko uko uko uko uko kunotora — kunoumbwa zuva nezuva namapazu aya.
  • Kukotsekana kwePublic neruramisiro youtsotsi: Mitemo inorondedzera mhaka, masangano anodzikamisa mutemo anonzvera, vachuchisi (bazu rinouraya) vanounza pomero, vatongi vanotungamirira pamitongo, uye matare anoongorora mhesva dzedare. Muitiro wose wokusungwa kuti vakwire udzorwe neBumbiro remitemo serinorondedzerwa nematare.

Muchidimbu, mapazi matatu haasi masangano ari kure; ndiwo anoparira mutengo wezvokudya, kunaka kwedzidzo yomwana wako, chengeteko yokurega basa kwako, uye kodzero dzaunoshandisa somugari wemo. Kunzwisisa mabasa awo namasimba chimiro chesimba. Kunokupa mukana wokuona kupfurikidza nokutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kukarira miuyo chaiyoiyo yenyika yechinjo dzemitemo, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva somuvhotengi, muteresi, uye mutsigiri.

Kupedzisa: Zivo sehwaro hwoUpenyu Hwomubatanidzwa

Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakaronga gadziriro yamasimba akaparadzana kuti vadzivise udzvinyiriri uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuita mitemo, kuchengetwa kwomutemo, uye kududzira mutemo zvaizova zvorusununguko, zvine mutoro, uye zvakarurama. Anenge makore 250 gare gare, tsika iyoyo inoramba iri shongwe yehurumende yeAmerica. Kana uri mudzidzi, muridzi webhizimisi muduku, mupunzi, kana kuti mutsigiri, zvisarudzo zvinoitwa naCongress, Purezidenti, uye matare ehurumende zvinobata upenyu hwako munzira dzisingaverengeki. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza nzira iyo bazi rimwe nerimwe rinoshanda nayo, uye kuziva nzira yokuita nayo, hausati uchingova zvake mutambi asi mutsigiri anoshingaira munyaya inopfuurira yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica. Inzwi rako, vhota, uye kunzwisisa kwako, zuva riri rose.