Kuumbwa Kwomugwagwa: Ndiani Anosarudza Chii?

Migariro yomugwagwa haishatisi kana kuti kuvandudzika netsaona. Zvikomba zvose zvakazadzwa, nzira iri yose yafutunurwa, uye mabhiriji ari ose akanzvera zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvinodzokera shure kunhevedzano yezvisarudzo zvehurumende izvo zvinovamba nokurongedzerwa kwomutemo uye zvinoguma neKonkhe ye’ vashandi vari pamugwagwa. Kunzwisisa kuti izvi zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei kunoda mufananidzo wakajeka wezvikamu zvehurumende izvo zvimene, mari, uye kuchengeta anodokusvika makiromita 4,2 emigwagwa yavose muUnited States.

Kupesana kwomutoro ibasa rinodzorwa nehurumende asi hakushaiwi nguva dzose. Hurumende yeUnited States, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza neBato reFotray Administration yeU.S. neFederal Highway Administration (FHWA), inogadza mipimo yenyika, inogovera mari inokosha kupfurikidza nepurogiramu dzakadai seInfrablicture Informationmentmentalment and Jobs Act (IJA), uye inotarisira mugwagwa mukuru weInterstatest System. Kunyange zvakadaro FWA haigadziri nzvimbo yomunzvimbomo yomunzvimbomo. Basa iroro nderehurumende yezvokufambisa zvinhu zvehurumende (DOT) nokuda kwehurumende neU. migwagwa yavose, uye kunzvimbo yehurumende yakasiana-vose inoshanda nokuda kwemigwagwa yomunzvimbomo nemigwagwa yeguta. Ichi chivako chivarati rudzi rwemugwagwa pawako zuva nezuva runotsamira pamitengo, uye pamitengo yemitengwa yemiteve yemiteve, neyatine yemiteve yemite yemite yemitezo yeyamugaro yepasi. #12; #2;

Chiratidzo chakakomba ndechokuti nepo nyika dzichitarisira mativi mazhinji emitsetse, dzinotsamira zvikuru pamipimo yehurumende nezvipo zvekusarudza. Apo Washington inochinja zvokutanga kwake zvemari kunzvimbo dzinotakurwa kana kuti chengeteko yavanofamba netsoka, hurumende dzinofanira kuchinja gadziriro dzadzo dzedzimbahwe dzamakore mashanu nenzira inowirirana. Naizvozvo, chisarudzo chehurumende pamusoro pomutemo wemamiriro okunze chinogona kusarudza nenzira isina kunanga kana nyika yokumaruwa ichigona kukwanisa kubvisa purazi rakaputsika kutoenda kumugwagwa unotemwa. Mutambo pakati peiyi mwero unoparira zvose zviri zviviri mabanza etsinhirano yetsika nemhiridzo yezvinganonoka kugadziriswa kwamakore.

Kuderedza Kusarudza Mari Yokushandisa

Chirongwa chehurumende chemugwagwa chiri chose chinovamba netsananguro yemari inorongwa, uye nzira iyo zvirongwa izvozvo zvinoratidzwa nayo pamusoro pechikonzero nei migwagwa yakatsvedzeka nepo mimwe yakasakadzwa nemitsara. Pamwero wehurumende, bhajeti yokufambisa inotsigirwa nemitero yemotokari, mari inobhadharwa, uye kuendeswa kwemotokari. Zvisinei, mitero yepeturu yarasikirwa nesimba rokutenga mumakumi maviri amakore apfuura sezvo motokari dzazova dzinoshanda zvakanaka uye kukwira kwemitengo kwakaderera kwadzinodzikamiswa pamwero. Iyi Hurumende yakawanda inodzorwa kuti ichengetedze kuchengetwa, chisarudzo chinobatanidza nguva refu.

Migumisiro yacho inodzorwa. Maererano nemashoko anobva ku American Road & Tromportitor Association, mugwagwa unodikanwa uye bhiriji rinoiswa mari inokwana mabhiriyoni 800 (Z $80 000) munyika yose. Kana chirongwa chemitemo yemitemo panzvimbo inochengetedzwa mugwagwa, mugumisiro wacho ungava usingaoneki, asi mukati mamakore matatu kusvikira kumashanu, kuderera kwepamusoro kungagona kuva kwakawedzerwa zvikuru. Mugwagwa waigona kuchengetedzwa ne $50 000 000 000 000 unoda bhiriji resimendi renyika yose. Uku hakusi kukundikana kwemibato asi kugadzirwa kwemitsetse yemari: zvisarudzo pamusoro pemitsetse yemari zvinodzora zvakananga mugariro wemari yegore negore.

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotarisana neganhuriro dzakatooma zvikuru nemhaka yokuti dzinowanzotsamira pamitero yenzvimbo nemigove yemari yavose inokwikwidzana nezvikoro, chengeteko yavose, uye mapaki. Dare reguta rinosarudza kuchengeta mutero panzvimbo yemitero ringave richisarudza panguva imwe cheteyo kurega migwagwa inogarwa ichipera. Iyi haisati iri migwagwa yezvokutengeserana isinganzwisisiki; iyo ichinhu chaichoicho chezuva nezuva nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vebasa vehurumende vanofanira kururamisa mamaira ari ose okurwisana nezvimwe zvinodikanwa zvinotambudza zvina.

Zvinhu Zvinotangira: Chikonzero Nei Mimwe Migwagwa Ichigadziridzwa Pamberi Pemimwe

Dzichirangarirwa kuti hakuna simba rakakwana rokushandisa mari kugadzira mugwagwa uri wose panguva imwe, hurumende dzinofanira kuisa mipimo mizhinji. Mipimo inoshandiswa kuronga zvirongwa ine tapuro huru painova nemigwagwa inovandudzika, iyo inomira zvakafanana, uye inoderedzazve. Mainjiniya anowanzoshandisa indekisi dzemamiriro ezvinhu mumugwagwa (PCI), nhamba yezvinofamba, ukoshi hwemajerecha (kuwedzera kwemifungo neukombiso), uye gadziriro dzokutarisira zvinhu kuti zviwane chikamu chiri chose chemibato yemugwagwa. Zvisinei, mashoko ounyanzvi ichinhu chimwe bedzi chinova muuyo mumwe chete; kurangarira kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye dzvinyiriro yavose kazhinji kazhinji inokweva nenzvimbo yakakwirira.

Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinodzora zvisarudzo zvokutanga:

  • vhoriyamu yeTraffic nerokuronga rinoshanda: Mabhuroko makuru anotakura motokari 50 000 pazuva anowanzogamuchira nzvimbo yokutanga yakakwirira kupfuura muunganidzi womuruwa ane motokari 500 pazuva. Ikoku kunoita kuti pave nomufungo wemari asi kunogona kusiya nzanga dzomumaruwa dzakaderedzwa.
  • Migwagwa ine mwero yetsaona yakakwidziridzwa, zvikurukuru inouraya kana kuti yakakomba, inowanzokurumidza kugadziridzwa nokuda kwekunatsiridza kwakadai sokuratidzira, miganhu yenhau, kana kuti kukwirira kwemafudzi. Federal Highway Safety Reconfiction Program (HSIP) mari yakabatana zvikuru neiyi mirau.
  • Kubudirira kwezvemari kungabvira: Manyika kazhinji kazhinji anoronga kuiswa kwemitengo yemijenya nepaki dzamabasa okugadzira zvinhu, mizinda yemibato yezvokutengeserana, kana kuti mikoto mikuru yezvokutengeserana kukwezva bhizimisi. Ikoku kunogona kudzoserazve mari kure nenzvimbo dzinogarwa.
  • Mubatanidzwa wePublic nedzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika: misangano yehoro yeguta, kunyunyuta kwechikwata, uye kukwidziridza kunoitwa namapoka ebhizimisi kunogona kukwidziridza mugwagwa pandaza yenzvimbo yokutanga kunyange kana mamiriro ayo ezvinhu ounyanzvi ari ane mwero.
  • rangano dzakaenzana: Nenzira inowedzera, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo nedzomunzvimbomo dziri kushandisa ruramisiro yemhoteredzo nerondedzero dzakaenzana kuva nechokwadi chokuti nzanga dzinochengetwa munhau dzinochengetwa dzinogamuchira mugove wadzo wakakwana wemari.

Muitiro wokuisa pamberi ndimo umo zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvisingazivikanwi zvinova zvinooneka. DOT yehurumende inosarudza kupa 70 muzana yemari yayo inoshanda mumativi enyika iri kuita chisarudzo chakakwana pamusoro pomugariro wemigwagwa yesendineti. Hapana mhinduro yakarurama, asi kujeka kweidzi zvisarudzo kunokosha zvikuru nokuda kwechivimbo chavanhu.

Puzzzle yePlantin: Federal, State, uye Mikoto Yemari Yeko

Kunzwisisa migariro yemugwagwa kunoda kunzwisisa kuti migwagwa inobhadharwa sei, nemhaka yokuti unyanzvi hwokushandisa mari hunoparira zvisundo zvine simba neganhuriro. Hurumende yehurumende inoparira mari yayo yokufambisa yapanyika kubva kuHighway Trust Fund (HTF), iyo inodyiswa zvikurukuru nomutero wepeturu yegasi we 18.4-perlon (24,4 sendis). Mwero iwoyo hauna kuwedzerwa chibviro chibviro chayo chokutenga waderera ne40 muzana nemhaka yokukwira kwemitengo. Makore mashomanene ari ose, Congressss inofanira kuwedzera mutero weHTF nemariwokubvisa mukunyudza.

Nyika dzinotarisana nechinetso chakafanana. Pari zvino, nyika 30 hadzina kukwidziridza mutero wadzo wegasi mumakore anopfuura gumi. Nyika shomanene, dzakadai seOregon neUtah, dzakavamba kufambisa mapurogiramu okubhadharira mugwagwa, uko vatyairi vanobhadhara makiromita panzvimbo perita rimwe, asi mapurogiramu aya anoramba ari maduku. Pamwero womunzvimbomo, maguta nenzvimbo dzinoverengwa dzinowanzotsamira pamitero yokutengesa, mitero yechibvumirano inobvumirwa navavhoti, kana kuti mitero yemipiro pamasangano matsva okuwanisa kuvandudza migwagwa. Iyi mihove inoridzo inochinja uye kazhinji kazhinji haikwani nokuda kwokuronga dzimbahwe kwenguva refu.

Kukamukana kwemanyuko okushandisa mari kunoreva kuti chirongwa chimwe chete chomugwagwa chingatora mupoto shanu dzakaparadzana dzemari, imwe neimwe ine mitemo yayo imene, zvinodikanwa, uye misengwa yokushuma. Uku kuoma kunowedzera ndyiko dzokutarisira nokunonozetsa kupiwa kwebasa. Mukuwirirana ne Bheureaualties Statistics[, avhareji yenguva kubva kuzivikanwo yokuvaka kusvikira kukupedzwa kwebasa rinobhadharwa nehurumende ndimakore 8 kusvikira ku12. Munhambo iyoyo, mugwagwa ̱ mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kushataira zvikuru, pane dzimwe nguva kuraira ukurudzwa kwebasa kuti kuwe pamutengo wakakwirira.

Imwe kombamiro inowedzera kuidzoserazve nzvimbo iyi ichinjo kukubatira pamwe kwevoruzhinji navevoruzhinji. Apo hurumende inenge isina dzimbahwe rapamberi penzvimbo, ingabvumira nzira kusangano ravanhu riripo iro rinogadzirwa nemari mukutsinhana mari inopfuura nhambo yamakore 30 kusvikira ku 50. Urongwa ihwohwu hunogonawo kukurumidzisa kupiwa kwebasa, asi hunoparira vavariro dzemhindu nemhiko dzenguva refu dzinogona kutapura kuvadziko nendyiko yemari inoshandiswa.

Kuongorora Zvisarudzo Zvehurumende

Mienzaniso yakananga inoratidzira kuti zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvinoparira sei miuyo chaiyoiyo nokuda kwavatyairi.iyi nhau kunzvera inosimbisa zvose zviri zviviri kubudirira nokukundikana izvo zvinopa zvidzidzo kuvagadziri vemitemo navagari vemo zvakafanana.

INDA35 muMinneapolis: Kubva Munjodzi Kuenda Kuresilience

Pakakoromoka bhiriji reI-35W Mississippi muna 2007, richiuraya vanhu 13, njodzi yakafumura kukundikana kwegadziriro dzekuongorora uye zvokushandisa. Mukupindura, Minnesota Legislature yakagadzira mudungwe wemari yakazvitsaurira kuti ishandiswe pakuongorora mabhiriji uye kugadziridza, uye Hurumende DOT yakagadzira gadziriro yokutarisira zvinhu zvinoiswa pangozi yakava muenzaniso wenyika. Chisarudzo chokuvandudza utano pamabasa okuwedzera zvivako zvakatungamirira kukuvandudzika kumigariro yebhuro yakatengwa nehurumende. Pakazosvika 2023, Minnesota yakaiswa pakati pe 10 mamiriro evhuro, nezvisingasviki 2 muzana zvemabhirijinga ayo akaenzana nearogiramu inova neapo.

Colorado ’ Chirongwa cheFASTER: Kutsigira Kupfuura NokumaFees

Muna 2009, yakatarisana neyakawanda migwagwa nebhiriji zvaiipa, Colorado General Assembly yakapfuudza gwaro reFambating Advations for Surface Traffation and Economic Recovery (FASTER). Murayiro wakawedzera mari yemotokari yokunyoresa uye wakatsaurira mari yacho bedzi kuti igadziriswe uye ichengeteke. Zvikurukuru, mutemo waida kuti 60 muzana yemari ipedzerwe pamigwagwa ichiri mugadziriro yehurumende, ichidzivisa kuvakwa kutsva. Mumakore gumi, chiverengero chemigwagwa yeColorado chakaderera kubva pa23 muzana kusvika ku15 muzana. Chisarudzo chokubatanidza mari kuishandisa zvakananga mugwagwa kuti ushandise mari yakavimbika yaichengetedzwa muhondo dzegore negore.

Michigan ̱ Kutenderera Kwakakurirwa

Michigan inopa nhevedzo. Kwamakore, chibvumirano chehurumende chakaramba kukwidza mitero yepeturu kana kuwana mari yokumwe, kuchitungamirira kukushandiswa kusingadzoreki kwenzira. Kuvambira muna 2010 kusvikira muna 2019, Michigan vhotation akaramba nhano dzakawanda idzo dzaizova dzawedzera kutengesa kana kuti kuisa gasi mumigwagwa. Somuro, peshiviti yemigwagwa yehurumende iri mumugariro wenhando inopfuura 35 muzana ne 2021, achibhadhara mari yemari inotengwa neavhareji ye $600 pagore mukuvadziko yemotokari uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kwapamutengo. Muna 20222, Gavhuna Gretchen Whitmer akasaina mabhiriyoni anosvika $4.8 mabhiriyoni ezvirongwa zvemari inotsigirwa nekambani itsva, asi makore okuchengetwa kwainoreva kuti mari ipfuure kupfuura zvaidiwa nemari inopfumbadzo mune zvezvamatongerw enyika.

Kuchinja Kwekushandisa Mari Mukutarisira Mugwagwa

Zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvinoziviswa nenzira inowedzera nemashoko, uye kunaka kwemashoko iwayo anotapura zvakananga migumisiro. MaDOT mazhinjisa ehurumende zvino anoshandisa gadziriro dzekudzora kwapamugwagwa dzakaoma (PMS) dzinoshandisa maraser profisters, radar yapasi, uye nzvero dzekunetseka dzinoshandiswa kunzvera kuti aone mucheto wose wemugwagwa padenderedzwa rinodzokororwazve. Masangano anoparira mamiriro ezvinhu anoparira kusagadzikana, kutsemuka, kutsemuka, uye kuperera, zvichibvumira mainjiniya kuisa mari yakavakirwa pamatanho ehwaro ehwaro akarongwa panzvimbo pezvichemo zvemari.

Chinjo kukuita mijenya yokuita chisarudzo yakawedzerwa nezvinodikanwa zvehurumende. Kufambira mberi nokuda kweProgress mu 21st Century Act (MAP-21) uye nhevedzano yezvokufambisa yakapiwa kuti izivise kuti itange gadziriro dzokutarisira zvinhu zvinotsamira pangozi. Pasi pe 23 U.S.C. . . . 119, nyika dzinofanira kuisa zvipfuro zvebasa nokuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu emugwagwa paNational Highway System uye shuma fambiro mberi kuFHA. Ikoku kwakaparira kuzvidavirira uko kwakanga kusina kuvapo kare.

Bva mashoko akanaka bedzi sezvo zvisarudzo zvaanotsigira. Ngozi inozivikanwa navose ndeyokuti nePMS yechinyakare kana kuti nzvero dzisingawanzoita kuti zvisarudze zvakavakirwa pamashoko akareruka, pane dzimwe nguva kutungamirira mari kumigwagwa yakatoshata kupfuura pfundo rokuchengetedzwa kwemari. Nenzira inopesana, inotaura kuti kuunganidzwa kwamashoko kwakakwirira kunogona kudzivirira kuchengetwa kwapamasuo akakodzera, kuwedzera upenyu mumugwagwa ne 40 kusvikira ku 60 muzana pamutengo wekuvakazve.

Unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu hwakadai souchenjeri hwokusagona kuona uye kombiyuta zvava kutanga kuwedzerwa mitoo yegamuchidzanwa. Zvikamu zvizhinji zvinoshandisa mashoko anobva mumichina yakavakirwa pafoni yakadai seWaze neGoogle Mepus kuti zvizivise zvikomba nenzvimbo dzisina kuchena munguva chaiyo. Nepo izvi zvisawanwa ururami hwenzvero dzeinjiniya, zvinogovera nzira yakaderera yokuwedzera nayo mashoko ehurumende uye kuita nokukurumidza zvikuru kunhau dzinobuda.

Mirangariro Yakaenzaniswa: Nzira Iyo Mamwe Marudzi Anodzora Nayo Rudzi Rwomugwagwa

Kutarira mberi kwemiganhu yeU.S. kunoratidza kuti zvisarudzo zvehurumende pamusoro pemienzaniso yokudzora zvinogona kuita migumisiro yakasiyana zvikuru. Nyika dzakaparadzanisa kutarisirwa kwegadziriro dzezvinhu nenhevedzo dzezvamatongerwe enyika kazhinji kazhinji dzinoita migariro isingachinji. Somuenzaniso, New Zealand yakatanga New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) sekorona yesangano rine chibvumirano chokuchengetedza mubatanidzwa wemugwagwa mukuru wehurumende. Mari inotorwa kubva muhomwe yezvokufambisa yenyika yakatsaurirwa nemitero yepeturo yemafuta uye mitero yomugwagwa, uye NZTA inoshanda pagadziriro dzemari yegore negore dzinoderedza kukurukurirana kwemari yegore negore. SomuNew Zealand inodzokororo muchadenga re10 renyika yose nokuda kwomugwagwa mukuru, maererano neWorld Economic Foram #17; Globalse Compitection Report.

Mukupesana, Italy ’ zvivako zvemigwagwa zvinotambura nokukamuraniswa kwedzosero nokusarevesa. Nepo chikwata chamaatostrade chinosanoiswa, migwagwa yechipiri neyomunzvimbomo inoshandiswa nehurumende dzomunharaunda kazhinji kazhinji inoshaiwa mari inotsigirwa nguva dzose, kuchitungamirira kumharadzano huru mumugariro. Mutyairi anogona kuyambuka muganhu wenharaunda ndokucherekedza nokukurumidza musiyano muvara wemugwagwa, muuyo wakananga wokuita chisarudzo chakanaka pasina mavanga akakwana.

Singapore inogovera muchina wechitatu, ichishandisa gadziriro dzemagetsi dzinofambisa mugwagwa nemotokari kuti zvisadzore chinodikanwa, izvo zvinoderedza kupera nokuchema nepo zvichibudisa mari yokutarisira. Hurumende ̱ Land Transport Authority inobudisa mishumo yemamiriro ezvinhu anooneka uye inochengeta chipfuro chokuchengeta 90 muzana yemigwagwa iri mumugariro wakanaka kana kuti uri nani. Iyi nharidzano yakadzorwa, yakabatanidzwa nemari yakasimba, yakachengeta Singapore ̱ migwagwa pakati pemitengo yakanakisisa munyika pasinei zvapo nokukwira kwemiedzo yemotokari.

Iyi mienzaniso yamarudzi akawanda inokarakadza kuti chinjo huru hadzisi upfumi pachinhu chimwe chete, asi kudzora kuterama, hova dzemari yakatsaurirwa, uye kujeka kwemashoko. U.S. inotaura kuti kutevedzera miitiro yakafanana, yakadai semari yokutarisira yakatsaurirwa uye kuronga kwemakore akawanda, kunowanzoita kupfuura iya inovimba nemari yemari yegore negore.

Zvinetso Zvinoita Kuti Pave Nezvirongwa Zvakanakisisa

Kunyange kana zvikaumbwa zvokunatsiridza nokushandisa mari yakakwana, zvisarudzo zvehurumende zvinotarisana nezvinetso zvinogona kukanganisa mamiriro emugwagwa. Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze nemamiriro okunze zvinhu zvinowedzera. Kutenderera kwenzvimbo dzinotonhora, kupisa kukuru, uye zviitiko zvinopisa zvikuru zvinoita kuti mugwagwa uwedzere kuderera nokukurumidza kupfuura zvaifanotaurwa nezvakaitika kare.

Kushaikwa kwebasa kunoparirawo mhinganidzo yakakomba. Hurumende inoshuma chitambudzo chokupinza nokuchengeta mainjiniya evagari vemo, vagadziri vemabasa, uye vanhu vane unyanzvi hwokushambadza. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Offaiers (ASHTO) inofungidzira kuti 45 muzana yavashandi vezvokufambisa ichakwaniriswa nokuda kwokurega basa mukati megumi ramakore rinotevera. Apo masangano asingagoni kuita mabasa, kunyange kuvandudza kunotsigirwa kunodzorwa kunononotswa, uye marumbidziko anodzorwa anononotswa.

Kusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika pamwero upi noupi wehurumende kunoparira kusagadzikana uko kunosekesa kuronga kwenguva refu. Gavhuna mutsva kana meya angadzosera mari kumabasa okusaina, kugadziridza kwomuitiro. Hurumende inochinja nzira yeyamuro yezvokufambisa kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo inogona kusiya mikana yokuronga kuti igadzirise mapurogiramu avo makuru pakati penzvimbo. Uku kuvhunduka kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunoparira masangano anoparira nhevedzano iyo inoratidzirwa pakupedzisira mumugariro wetsika.

Kuziva vanhu, kana kuti kushaikwa kwazvo, kunobatanidza izvi zvinetso. Vatyairi vazhinjisa havabatanidzi kushata kwemigwagwa nezvisarudzo zvemiitiro zvakaitwa makore akapfuura. Kubiridzira kunokombamira bedzi pashure pokunge migariro yaoneka kuva yakashata, kupfurikidza naikoku mutengo wokudzorera wakatowanda. Hurumende dzinopinza mudzidzo yavose pamusoro pezvokutarisirwa kwepfuma uye zvinodikanwa zvemari dzinova nenzvimbo iri nani kuvaka tsigiro nokuda kwepurogiramu dzinochengetwa.

Vagari Vomunyika: Nzira Yokudzora Nayo Mutoo Wenzira

Kunzwisisa panoitwa zvisarudzo uye nzira yokuita nayo zvinobudirira kunogona kuvandudza mugwagwa womunzvimbomo nowehurumende.

Kurukurirano nerongedzero dzamahombekombe. Maguta mazhinjisa nenhamba dzinobudisa COP inoronga purogiramu yemugwagwa yakarongwa iri yose, bhajeti yayo, uye nguva yayo. Aya magwaro izvinyorwa zvavose uye anowanzokurukurwa padare reguta kana kuti misangano yenyika. Vagari vemo vanohwirudzura CIP uye vanotaura mukati menhambo dzavose vanogona kutsigira migwagwa yakananga inoshaikwa mugadziriro kana kuti purofiti inowanika kubva pakuvakwa kutsva kuti igadzirirwe.

Parapatimendi mumiitiro yehurumende yokuronga zvokufambisa. Nyika iri yose DOT inoita StateUniversion Transportation Program (STIP) inoronga zvirongwa zvose zvinotsigirwa nehurumende. Nguva yetsinhiro yavose yeSTIP ibanza rakarongwa rokupesvedzera kuti shoore. Kunyange kana tsinhiro imwe neimwe ikaita seduku, yakarongwa inogona kubvisa zvokutanga.

Kushanda kwemari kwakatsaurirwa. Apo zviidzo zvokuvhota zvinooneka izvo zvingawedzera mitero yegasi, mitero yokutengesa nokuda kwechokufambisa, kana kuti mitero yemotokari yokuchengeta mugwagwa, izvi zvisarudzo zvinokosha. Vagari vanonzwisisa batano pakati pemari nemamiriro emugwagwa vanogona kuva vatsigiri vanobudirira nokuda kwemari inotsigirwa.

Shandisa maturusi anoshuma nemaminu nenzira inobudirira. Maruwa akawanda uye maguta ane maamburera epaIndaneti kana kuti mafoni epaIndaneti okushuma zvikomba nengozi dzomumugwagwa. Nepo mushumo mumwe nomumwe uri nzvimbo yemishumo, kupfuurira kushuma kubva kuvashandi vakawanda mumugwagwa mumwe chetewo kunoumba mutoo unogona kushandiswa namasangano kururamisa kukwidza mugwagwa iwoyo pandaza yokutanga.

Masangano ezvokubhadharwa. Mapoka akafanana neChinzwano cheAmerican Bicyclists, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), uye zvikwata zvezvifambiso zvehurumende zvinogovera nzvero, mipfupi yemiitiro, uye kupesvedzera izvo vagari vemo vamwe navamwe vanoshaiwa. Kubatanidza izvi nhamburiko kunopinza inzwi rimwe nerimwe mupesvedzero yakabatana.

Nzira Iri Mberi: Zvimiro Zvendangariro Zvinochinja Mamiriro Ezvinhu Omunguva Yemberi

Zviratidzo zvinoverengeka zvichatema kana migariro yemugwagwa ichivandudzika kana kuti kuderera kwamakore makumi maviri anotevera. Chinokosha zvikurusa kuchinja motokari dzemagetsi (EV). EV inorema kupfuura motokari dzinodzikisa ne20 kusvikira ku30 muzana paavhareji, izvo zvinowedzera kupfeka mugwagwa. Vanzveri paUniversity yeWashington vakafungidzira kuti kurera mwana asiri mwana wavabereki vasiri vabereki kungagona kuwedzera mutengo wepamugwagwa ne 15 muzana kutoti zvikagadziridzwa. Zvisarudzo zvehurumende pamusoro pemipimo yokushivirira, kuoma kwemagiramu, uye kutsarukana kwomugwagwa kunoparira kuti rema kuchaumba rema munguva yemberi.

Motokari dzinozvimirira uye dzinobatanidza dzinovimbisa kutapura vatarisiri vemigwagwa nedzimwe nzira. Kana ngarava dzemotokari dzinofambiswa nemotokari dzichitungamirira kukushandiswa kwakafanana kwomugwagwa nokuderedzwa, kupfeka kwapamugwagwa kungaparadzira nenzira inowirirana, kuchiwedzera upenyu. Nenzira inopesana, kana rori dzinozvitonga dzichishanda mumapurazi akarongedzwa zvikuru, kutakura kwakawanda kungagona kukurumidza. Hurumende dzinofanira kusarudza kana kuisa zvivako zvomumugwagwa kuti dzitsigire iyi mitoo yesayenzi, kutsautsa mari kubva kumabasa okugadzira zvinhu.

Misimu yezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu inopa tariro yemari yakaganhurirwa. Mivhenganiswa yakakwirira yeasphalt inobatanidza rabha kubva mumatai anodzokororwazve, purasitiki, kana kuti zvivharo zvakaiswa mumuviri zviri kuedzwa munyika dzakawanda. Ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu neasphalt runobvumira kuti gwara riiswe patembiricha dzakaderera, kuderedza kubudiswa kwemvura inopfuudzwa nehurumende kuti ive yakagadzirwa. Mwero wokugamuchira zvinhu izvi unotsamira pakuwedzera kugadziridza nokudisa kugamuchira mari yakakwirira zvikuru inotengwa pakugara kwenguva refu.

Gadziriro yetsika icharamba iri nzvimbo ine simba. IYJA yakagovera mabhiriyoni $110 emadhora nokuda kwemigwagwa namabhirioni mumakore mashanu, chitsama chikurusa chemari yehurumende mumakumi amakore. Zvisinei, mari iyoyo ndeyechinguvana. Kunyorwazve kwemari yezvokufambisa, inokarirwa panosvika 2026, ichava nguva yakakomba. Kana Chibvumirano chikasarudza kuchengeta kana kuti kuwedzera mwero wemari uye kuvharanisa kubatira mberi kuti zviitwe, migariro yenhambo refu yemugwagwa ichavandudzika. Kana mari ikatemwa kana kuti kubvumirwa kuva inodzorwa kutsika inodzorwa.

Pakupedzisira, simbiso inokura pa inochinja nzira iyo hurumende dzinoita nayo mugwagwa nokugadziridza. Migwagwa inokuvadzwa yaparadzwazve nokufashamira kwemvura kana kuti mirau ingasimudzwa, kukwidziridzwa, kana kuti kubviswa panzvimbo pokugadziridzwazve. Iyi mitoo yemari ingagona kutungamirira kungozi duku, asi inova iri nani uye inovimbwa zvikuru, socit.

mhedziso

Mitemo yose yemugwagwa inoregeredzwa haisati iri chiitiko chomuzvarirwo. Miuyo inowedzerwa yezvisarudzo zvehurumende pamusoro pokutsigira mari, kutanga, kuronga, uye kuuraya zvinoitwa kuhurumende, nyika, uye mwero yomunzvimbomo kwamakore namakumi amakore. Nhetevedzo dzose dzinodzongonyedzwa dzemugwagwa mukuru nemigwagwa yose yomunharaunda dzinobatanidza zvisarudzo zvemipimo zvinogona kurondwa nebhajeti yemari, mutemo, uye rongedzero huru. Kuvagari vemo, kunzwisisa iri nhano yokutanga kukubudirira kukuvamba. Nokuda kwemitengo, vazivi kuti kuchengetwa hakusi kudyira kuri musengwa asi musengwa nemiuyo yemiuyo inodikanwa yokudzora. Mtengo yemigwagwa yatinofambisa mangwana nhasi inosarudzwa, mumisangano yavose, mahofisi emitemo, uye masangano esangano. Kana tichiri kurangarirazve kurava. [FF]