Table of Contents

Sumo: Kufamba Kusina Kuparadzwa Kwehurumende Yechinzvimbo Chose yeAmerica

Kuvambira pakunyorwa kweBumbiro reMitemo kusvikira kuzuva razvino, maruramiro okuvhota muUnited States ave asina kuva asingazivikanwi kana kuti akapikirwa. Akaumbwa nehondo dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinotyisa, mutemo wechiratidzo, kugadziriswa kwebumbiro remitemo, uye zviito zvisingaregi zvenzanga dzakaganhurirwa. Nhau yekodzero dzokuvhota haisati iri ndazawo zvayo yenhevedzano yemitemo; chionioni chinoratidza kurwisana kwetsika dzarwo nemhindu. Kunzwisisa iyi mhindumupindu inokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri maropafadzo nemigariro yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica nhasi.

Bumbiro reMitemo rakasiya pakuvamba zvikwaniriso zvokuvhota kuhurumende, uye muna 1789, vavhoti vakanga vari vachena zvikuru, vanhurume, uye vakarurama. Mumazana maviri akatevera, fungu rechinjo rakawanda rakawedzera kuva boka idzva — asi futunuko imwe neimwe yakaitwa netsungiriro, zvimiro zvitsva zvokudzvinyirira. Nhasi, maruramiro okuvhota anoramba ari nzvimbo inokakavanwa, nekurukurirano pamusoro pokuwana, chengeteko, uye mirariro inotamba mudzimba, madare, uye nzanga munyika yose.

Nguva Yokuvambwa neRepublic Yapakuvamba: 1776-1850

Zvinodikanwa Zvezvinhu Nokumuka Kwechirume Chechena Chenyika Yose

Apo rudzi rwakatangwa, kuvhota kwairangarirwa kuva ropafadzo yakabatanidzwa nokuzvimirira kwezvemari. Nyika zhinjisa dzaida vavhoti kuva nechitsama chiduku chezvinhu kana kuti kubhadhara chitsama chakati chemitero. Chitsama, chakataurwa nezviverengero zvakafanana naJohn Adams, chakanga chiri chokuti avo bedzi vane "mubato munzanga" vaigona kuvimbwa kuita zvisarudzo zvezvamatongerwe enyika. Ikoku nenzira inobudirira kwaibvisa vakadzi, vanhu vakapinzwa muuranda, varume vechitema, MaIndia eAmerica, uye varume vachena vakanga vasina kuva nenzvimbo yavo.

Kuvambira muma1790 nokuwedzera mu1820 na1830, boka repfungwa yedemokrasi rakakurisa rudzi ruduku. Nyika dzakavamba kubvisa zvikwaniriso zvezvinhu zvavarume vachena, zvichisundwa nokukura kwemuganhu weJackson nokukwira kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vose. Pakasvika makore 1850, inodokuva ganhuriro dzose dzakavakirwa panzvimbo pakuvhota varume vechichena dzakanga dzaparadzwa. Zvisinei, uku kukura kwakasimbiswa zvakajeka miganhu yedzinza neyourume. Nepo francice yakawedzera nokuda kwavarume vachena, hurumende zhinjisa dzinoisa mitemo inodzora zvakananga varume vechitema kubva pakuvhota. New York, somuenzaniso, yakachengeta chinodikanwa chezvinhu cheBlack Covitation kunyange pashure pokuchibvisa nokuda kwokuvhota.

Kupedza Kudzidza: Rusaruraganda, Mugari Wemo, uye Rugaro

Republic yapakuvamba yakaonawo kubatanidzwa kwapamutemo kwokuparadza dzinza. Chibvumirano chaMagariro echiNgezi cha 1790 chakachengetera kuva mugari wemo nokuda kwe "vanhu vachena vakasununguka," kuisa hwaro hwapamutemo hweganhuriro dzevhoti idzo dzaizopfuurira nokuda kwezvizvarwa. Vakadzi, pasinei zvapo nedzinza, vainyimwa muvhoti yose. MaIndia okuAmerica zvikurukuru airangarirwa kuva kunze kwenzanga yezvamatongerwe enyika kutoti vabata nokuramba masangano edzinza. Nguva ino yakavamba mutoo: Nhano imwe neimwe kurutivi rwakawanda runopfuurirwa nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nokuda kweboka rimwe ravanhu yaiwanzoperekedzwa nemiganhurikidzwa mitsva.

Hondo Yavagari Vemo Nekugadziridzwazve Kwemigadziridzo: 1861 - 1877

Kuchinja Kwechi13 Nechi14: Kugara Munzvimbo uye Kuva Mugari Wemo

Hondo yevagari vemo yakachinja zvikuru ukama hwehurumende yehurumende nekodzero dzevanhu. Dare rechi13 rePremendment, rakabvumirwa muna 1865, rakabvisa uranda, asi harina kuvimbisa kodzero dzokuvhota. Dare re14, rakatenderwa muna 1868, rakatanga kuva mugari wogavhuro uye rakavimbisa kuti kuva mugari wemo woudangwe aizova nekodzero dzechinzvimbo chepamutemo.

Penjerero Yechi15: Chipikirwa Chomhindumupindu Chine Zvipingamupinyi Zvinotsoropodza

15 Findment, yakatenderwa muna 1870, yakanga iri kutaura kwakananga kwebumbiro remitemo pakuvhota kusati kwaitika. Yairambidza hurumende yehurumende uye yairambidza mugari wemo kuvhota "nemhaka yedzinza, ruvara, kana kuti uranda hwekare. Uku kwaiva kubudirira kukuru kwekugadziridza, kwakabvisirwa nevakuru vakuru veRepublican muCongress uye kurongwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwenzanga dzevatema dzakanga dzichangobva kusunungurwa. Pakati pa18 ne1876, mazana ezviuru zvevanhu vechitema vakavhozhekerwa kudimbu kumaodzanyemba, vachisarudza vamiririri veBlabhu kuti vaende kumitemo yehurumende neCongress Congress.

Zvisinei, mutauro wekugadziridza waiva noutera hwakakomba. Hauna kuvimbisa zvakajeka kodzero yokuvhota; waingorambidza bedzi zvikonzero zvakati zvokuramba. Iri gotsi raizokurumidza kushandiswa zvisina kufanira. Uyezve, kugadziriswa kwacho hakuna kutaura nezvemunhurume kana kuti zvechikadzi, uye vatsigiri vavakadzi vakaodzwa mwoyo zvikuru kuti chisakiso chavo chakanga chisina kubatanidzwa. Chipikirwa che15 Demendement chakatengeswa nokukurumidza serapunza.

Kuguma Kwokugadziridzwa Nokuwedzera Kwokudzvinyirirwa Nemauto

Pakasvika 1877, nokuRevetuka kwa 1877 uye kubviswa kwamauto ehurumende okuMaodzanyemba, Reconstructionont yakanga yapera nenzira inobudirira. Mapoka ehondo akadai seKu Klux Klan naWhite League akashandisa ugandanga, tyisidziro, uye kuponda chose chose kudzvinyirira kuvhota. Ikoku kwakaisa hwaro hwedenho yakarongwa yapamutemo pakodzero dzokuvhota iyo yaizopedza rinenge zana ramakore.

Jim Crow Era: 1877 - 1965

Kushatiswa kweBumbiro reMitemo: Kunzvera Kurava Nokunyora, Mitero Yezvinoshambadza, uye Sekuru Claus

Kutanga muma1890, nyika dzokuMadokero dzinodzosa mitemo yadzo nemitemo yesarudzo zvine chinangwa chakajeka chokubvisa vavhoti veBlack nepo achidzivisa mutauro we 15 weFindrence. Mississippi akatungamirira nzira muna 1890 nebumbiro idzva ramabumbiro remitemo matsva raida vavhoti kuti vapfuure bvudzi, vabhadhare mutero wokuvhota, uye kusvitsa chinodikanwa chokugara. Dzimwe nyika dzakatevera: Louisiana, Alabama, North Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, uye dzimwe dzakaita zvakafanana.

Iyi nhano yakanga iri yedzinza-ganda asi yakapiwa norusaruro rwoutsinye. Kunzvera kwokunyora nokunyora kwaiwanzova kwairaira vaBlack vaikumbira kutsanangura zvikamu zvisina kujeka zveBumbiro remitemo apo vachena vavhota vaipiwa zvikamu zvakapfava kana kuti kusunungurwa chose chose kupfurikidza mitsetse yababa [, iyo yakabvumira munhu upi noupi uyo sekuru vake vakanga vavhota pamberi pa 1867, kuvhota pasina kusangana nokunyora nokunyora nokunyora kana kuti zvinodikanwa zvemitero. Sezvo pasina munhu mutema muSouth aigona kuvhota pamberi pa 1867, chitsama, chitsamachi chitsamachi chakashandiswa bedzi kuvachena. Pakasvika 1910, bhishori yeBrati muDeead South yakanga yadonha kusvika kudoka.

Kupera Kwegadziriro Yezvinhu Kunopfuura Kumaodzanyemba

Kutsaura kwaisangova chinhu chekuMadokero chete. Nyika dzakawanda dzokuMadokero neNorthern dzakachengetawo mhinganidzo. Oregon nedzimwe nyika dzokuMadokero dzakagadza mitemo yokubvisa maChina maAmerica. New York nePennsylvania dzakachengeta zvinodikanwa zvezvinhu nokuda kweBlackvvota kuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi 20. MaIndian America haana kupiwa mugari wemo munyika yose kutozosvikira paAct yeIndian Cintugentizeship ye 1924, uye kunyange pashure paikoko, nyika dzakawanda dzakashandisa kuedza kurava nokunyora nokunyora uye mamwe mazano kudzivisa kuvhotera. MaAmerica eMexico muSouthwest akatarisana nemitero yemitero, miganhu, uye kutyisidzira.

Chirango Chavakadzi: Mutemo weChi 19

Musi we19 wePramende, waitsigirwa muna 1920 pashure perwisano yamakumi amakore, yakarambidzwa kurambwa kwevhoti pahwaro hwevatano. Nepo ikoku kwakapeta kaviri kuvhota, dziviriro dzekugadziridza dzakashandiswa zvisina kufanira. Muitiro, vakadzi vechitema muSouth vakaramba vachiparadzwa nemitemo imwe cheteyo yaJim Crow yakadzvinyirira varume vatema. Vakadzi veAmerica vemo vakanga vasati vachidziviswa zvizere kutozosvikira muna 1924, uye vazhinji vakanga vachiri kudziviswa nemitemo yenyika.

Dare Rinodzivirira Kodzero Dzavanhu: 1950s-1965

Zvinetso Zvepamutemo Nemidzi Yemakwenzi Zvinoronga

Dare razvino uno reChivil Rights Movement rakaunza simba idzva nokuoneka kumaruramiro okuvhota. Dare Rapamusoro-soro rakavamba kuputsa mamwe ezvivako zvapamutemo zvaJim Crow. Mu Smith v. Allright[ (19444), Dare rakatonga kuti Texas Democratic Party yeDemocraticism yose yakanga isina kuva yemagariro echipotinariti, yakarovanya rimwe ramato anoshanda zvikurusa ezvishandiso zvokubvisa zvinodhaka zvinoshambadzira. [[FLTLT:] Gomilliontion v. [FLT][FLT:] [F] [60] [1960]), Dare rakarova dare ramarudzi ose muTuke, Angolama, iro rakanga riri pedyo neganhuriro rose reBra.

Grassroots masangano, kubatanidza Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Mudzidzi Nonlig Colidating Committee, uye Congress of Raunity, zvakatanga kunyoresa kwevondi kupfurikidza nokugura kuMaodzanyemba kwechisimba. Nhamburiko idzi dzakava netsutsurudzo yamasimba masimba. Muna 1963, vashandi vekodzero dzavagari vemo Medgar Evers vakapondwa muMissississippi. Muna 1964, chirongwa cheFreedom Summer chakaona kuponda kwoutsinye kwaJames Chaney, Andrew Goodman, naMichael Schwerner.

Mutemo Wekodzero Dzevanhu wa1965: Kupindira Kwomubatanidzwa Wenyika

Selma kuMontgomery muna March 1965, uye mifananidzo inoratidzirwa yapafoni yavapanduki vane rugare vakarohwa namauto ehurumende paEdmund Pettus Bridge, pfungwa yakarongwa yenyika. Mutungamiriri wehurumende Lyndon B. Johnson akataura neDare mukutaura kwakakurumbira munyika yose, achiraira kupfuudzwa kwekodzero dzokuvhota. Mugumisiro wacho wakanga uri Voting Rights Act ya1965, chimwe chezvidimbu zvinoshanda zvikurusa zvemitemo yekodzero dzevagari vemo munhau yeAmerica.

Chiito chacho chaiva negadziriro dzinoverengeka. Kuvhota kwairambidza muitiro upi noupi wokuvhota waisarura pahwaro hwedzinza kana kuti mutauro. SAUD 5 yaida miganhu ine nhau yerusarura — zvikurukuru muDeead — kuwana mvumo yehurumende, kana kuti "precrance" usati waita chinjo dzipi nedzipi kumiitiro yavo yokuvhotera. [[FLT:]] Six 4(b) yakatanga nzira yokusarudza kuti idzo dzakafukidza. Chiito chakaregwawo kunzvera nokunyora nokunyora. Chinonyorwa chakaregwa chakabva: Blackner. Chino chakakwira [1]

Kuwedzera Franchise: 1965-19990

Mutezo Wechi 26: Kuderedza Nguva Yokuita Mari

Gadziriro ye 26 Amendment, yakasimbiswa muna 1971, yakaderedza zera rokuvhota kubva pa 21 kusvikira ku 18. Simba rokusunda rakanga riri Vietnam War, umo chibvumikiso chokuti makore 18 ezera chaigona kunyoreswa kurwira nyika yavo asi chaisagona kuvhotera vatungamiriri vavo kuva chisingabviri mune zvematongerwe enyika. "Kare zvakakwana kurwa, akura zvakakwana kuvhota" rakava danidziro. Kugadziridza kwacho kwakapfuudzwa nechimbichimbidziko chinoshamisa — kuchisimbiswa mumazuva 100 chete. Nepo kwaichine mamiriyoni anopfuudzira mamirioni avaduku veAmerica, kudzokera pakati pe 18 kusvikira kumakore 24-24 kwakaramba kuripo kare kare kare kare kare.

Murayiro Wokunyoresa WeNational Voter wa 1993

Unozivikanwa se "Motor Voter" Act, uyu mutemo wakarongerwa kuita kuti kunyoresa kwomuvhoti kusvikire zvikuru kupfurikidza nokuda kuti nyika dzipe mikana yokunyoresa pamahofisi eraibhurari okutyaira, masangano ebetsero dzavose, uye mahofisi evapukunyuki. Yakatangawo chimiro chetsamba chakabatana mukunyoresa. Chiito chacho chakawedzera zvikuru mwero yokunyoresa, zvikurukuru pakati pemigumisiro yakaderera uye vanhu vashoma, asi chakamutsawo nharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pechitsoropodzo chevhoti uye kutendeka kwemipumburu inonyoresa.

Mabharati Anofamba uye Kuwana Mutauro

Voting Rights Act yakagadziridzwa muna 1975 na1982 kuti ibatanidze dziviriro dzemapoka emitauro mishoma. Kushora nechiverengero chikuru chavagari vemo vanotaura mutauro kunze kwechiNgezi kunofanira kugovera zvokuvhotera nebetsero. Iyi gadziriro yave yakakomba nokuda kwokuva nechokwadi chokupinda kweHispanic, Asian America, MaIndiantial American, uye dzimwe nzanga, kunyange zvazvo kuzviisa pasi nokuchengetwa kunoramba kuchipesana.

Zana Remakore Rechi 21: Rockback, Kudzokera Shure, uye Kurwisazve

Shelby County v. Muchengeti Nokuderera kweVRA

Chinoitika chimwe chakavapo mugumisiro mukurusa nokuda kwamaruramiro okuvhota munguva yazvino chakanga chiri chisarudzo cha2013 cheDare Gurusa John Roberts chakanyora kuti mutoo wacho wakanga wakavakirwa pamashoko kubva kuma1960 na 1970 uye wakanga usingachadavidzizve mamiriro ezvinhu azvino. Dare rakakarakadza, kuti rinofanira kugadzira chinodikanwa chitsva cheProgramu.

Chibvumirano chakakundikana chakundikanazve kusvitsa nzira yakagadziridzwa. Mukati mamaawa okutonga, yakadai seTexas, North Carolina, Alabama, uye Mississippi yakavamba kushandisa mitemo mitsva yemavhoti, kuvhara nzvimbo dzokuvhota, uye kubvisa mapepa avhota — chinjo dzaizoda kuti dzitenderwe nehurumende. Kunzvera kwa2018 kwakaitwa neHulumeni Accounting Office kwakawana kuti mitemo yeID yegayo yoga yakaderedza mapfundo 2-3 ezvikamu, nemiuyo mikuru zvikuru pakati pevokitopewo.

Mitemo Yezviziviso, Mitemo, uye Nzvimbo Yokushatisa

Kubvira muna 2013, mitemo yokuvhota yakaganhurirwa yave ichiitwa munyika yose. Vanotsigira vanotaura kuti vanodzivisa kubiridzira kwokunyepedzera, kunyange zvazvo kubiridzira kwakadaro kuri kusingawanzoitika. Vashori vanotaura kuti mitemo itsika yemazuva ano yokudzvinyirira vavhoti, inodzorwa nevoruzhinji, mari shoma, uye vavhoti vakwegura avo vasingazogoni kuva nezvinodikanwa. Voter stem recurem, inoitirwa mukurumbira wokuchenesa, yakatapurawo zvishoma nezvishoma uye nzanga dzinowana. Pakati pa2016 na2019, vavhoti vanopfuura mamiriyoni 17 vakabviswa kubva mumarockings, maererano nefundo yakaitwa neBrennan Center yeRurati.

Kushambadza nzvimbo kwawedzerawo. Pakati pa2012 na2020, nyika dzakawanda dzokuMadokero, zvikurukuru munzvimbo dzinonzi Black-morication, dzakaderedza zvikuru nhamba yenzvimbo dzokunzverwa, zvichiita kuti pave nenguva refu yokumirira uye kuderera kwokusvika. Kuchinja uku, nepo kazhinji kacho mumutauro wemajaho, kune migumisiro isingachinji yedzinza.

Kuvhiringika uye Kuisa Miitiro Pachinhu Chimwe

Partisan gerymaning — kudhirowa kwamaruwa akasarudzwa kuti ape mubato mumwe betsero — kwazova kwakatanhamara namasimba masimba nomutoo wokushandiswa kwemibatanidzwa yakakwirira nepurogiramu yepurogiramu yekombiyuta. Kuverengwa kwavanhu ya2010 nenhambo dzinotevera dzemifungo yakaratidzirwa nemhedziso dzinopinza mamepu yakakwirira zvikuru yakadai seNorth Carolina, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, uye Ohio. Dare Rapamusorosoro rakarangarira kuti communing i mubvunzo wechimbichimbichimbi kudarika kusvikwa kwematare ehurumende, kuchipa kutaura kwapachena kuti interchgiramudzo.

Kudzorwa kwedzinza kunoramba kuri mudenho muChibvumirano cheRegions, asi chisarudzo cheShelby County chakanetesa zvishandiso zvinowanika kuvapfuri. Mubatanidzwa wokuvhota nemubatanidzwa wedzinza unogona kuderedza nenzira inobudirira simba rokuvhota kunyange apo vavhooti vashomanene vasingadzivirirwi zvakajeka mukuita mabhii.

Kusarudzwa Kwakaitwa Vanhu 2020 Nezvakazoitika

Sarudzo yapresidente 2020 yakaitwa mukati medenda renyika yose, kuchitungamirira kukuwedzera kusingaenzaniswi kwokuvhota tsamba, kuvhota kwapakuvamba, uye mimwe mipimo. Turlout yakanga iri yakakwirira zvikurusa mukati mezana ramakore, nevongedzo dzinopfuura mamirioni 155. Zvisinei, kutaura kwenhema kwetsoro yakapararira — kwakawedzerwa naDonald Trump neConstice panguva iyeyo — kwakatungamirira kukusavimbana uye, pakupedzisira, ganhuriro itsva dzekuvhotera.

Muna 2021 na 2022, masangano 19 akaisirwa mitemo inoganhurira kusvika kwokuvhota, mukuwirirana neBrennan Center. Iyi mitemo inobatanidza zvinodikanwa zvezvisarudzo zvakasimba, ganhuriro pakuvhota, zvirambidzo pamabhokisi anodonhedza, uye zvirango zvoutsotsi zvakawedzerwa nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vesarudzo navavhoti. Munguvayo, dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seGeorgia neTexas, dzakagadzawo mitemo inopa vakuru vakuru vehurumende vamavhoti udzori hukuru hukuru zvikuru pahurumende yesarudzo nechero yemiuyo.

Nyika Dziri Kuparadzana uye Zvinetso Zvinoramba Zvichivapo

Kupesana Kunozivikanwa

VaAmerica vanofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 4,6 havakwanisi kuvhota nemhaka yokuparadzaniswa kwemhosva. Mitemo iyi inosiana zvikuru nehurumende: dzimwe nyika dzinodzorera kodzero dzokuvhota pachadzoro pashure pokupedza mutongo, nepo dzimwe dzichida muitiro wechikumbiro chepamutemo, uye nyika mbiri — Maine naVermont — dzinobvumira vasungwa kuvhota. Kutapura kukuru panzanga dzeBlack neSpanic kunoreva kuti kubvisa mibato yekodzero semhinganidzo yemazuva ano yokutora rutivi, nemidzi inotambanurira shure kunguva yepashure pekutenderwa apo iyi mitemo yakagadzirirwa zvakajeka kudzvinyirira vhotengi.

Kuwana Mari Yemagetsi Yenzanga Dzevagari Vemo

Vavhoti veAmerica vanopfuurira kutarisana nemhinganidzo dzechienzi, kubatanidza kushaikwa kwekero dzokugara, kuganhurirwa kwokupinda kumahofisi eDMV nokuda kweid yovhota, uye rusaruro panzvimbo dzokuvhota. Nyika dzinoverengeka, kubatanidza North Dakota neMontana, dzakapa mitemo iyo vatsigiri vemaIndia vamaIndia vanotaura kuti yakasiyana zvikuru nemitezo yedzinza. Mhaka 2020 Acristagua Band of Cahuilla Indian v. Schwarzegger uye kutsiva kwakatevera kwakasimbisa rwisano dzinopfuurira nokuda kwekodzero dzedzinza.

Kudzorerwa Kwechiito Chokupa Kodzero

Kuedza kwakawanda kwokudzorera nokusimbisa chibvumirano chekodzero dzakaitwa muCongress Act. John Lewis Voting Rights Advement Act, yakapfuudzwa neImba muna 2021 na20222, kwaizovandudza nzira yokupedzisa ndokudzorera chinodikanwa. Rusununguko kuVote Act rwaizogadza mipimo yenyika nokuda kwokuvhota kwokutanga, kuvhota posi, uye kunyoresa. Zvikwereti zvose zvakundikana kufambira mberi muDare nemhaka yokubatanidza muraudzo nokushandiswa kwechinoumba chiberekero. Chisakiso chomutemo wekodzero dzevhotera chinoramba chiri mubvunzo mukuru wezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kutora Rutivi Pakati Pepwere Nevagari Vemo Vane Udyire

Pwere dzakakwira muna 2020 asi dzinoramba dziri mheremhere. Vagari vemo vakasikwa, vanoumba mugove unokura wezvisarudzo zvevhoti, kazhinji kazhinji vanotarisana nemipinyi yemutauro, miitiro yokunyoresa yakaoma, uye mashoko asina kururama. Kuwedzera kwechigarire kwevhoti nevhoti dzapakuvamba kungagona kuwedzera kana kuti zvimwe, kana kukashata, kuisa simende iripo.

Basa Risina Kudzorwa Routongi Hwose hweAmerica

Nhau yekodzero dzokuvhota muUnited States haisi mutsetse wakarurama kubva pakubviswa kuenda kukubatanidzwa. Inhau yemhindu dzakasimba dzinosangana nokudzivisa kwakarongwa uye nguva nenguva. Chikamu chechisiko chose chetsika chingachinjika kururamisiro, seizvo Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. akataura zvakakurumbira, asi hachichinjiri pachayo. Chakakombamidzwa navatsigiri, varongi, magweta, uye vagari vemowo zvavo vanoramba kugamuchira kubviswa kwemitemo sekwechigarire.

Nhasi, kudzorwa kwemitemo kwakafara kupfuura panhambo ipi neipi munhau yeAmerica, bva kunoramba kusina kufanira. Kuwana kubhora kunotsamira zvikuru panzvimbo inogara munhu, dzinza ravo, mari yavo, uye mano avo okushandisa nzvimbo yakaoma zvikuru. Kunzwisisa nhau yemasvikire atakasvika pano — gadziridzo, mitemo, zvisarudzo zvedare, uye, kupfuura zvose, nhamburiko dzinopfuurira dzaavo vakarwira maruramiro okuvhota — zvinokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kuva nechokwadi chokuti utongi hunosarudzwa navanhu hweAmerica hunorarama kusvikira kuchipikirwa chahwo.