Table of Contents

Rwendo rwokubva papfungwa iri nyore kuenda kumutemo unomanikidzirwa ndeimwe yemiitiro mikurusa mukudzora kwedemocracy. Ungave mutemo wakapiwa neCongress kana kuti mirau yakabudiswa namasangano ehurumende, kunzwisisa kuti zvikarakadzo zvinova sei mitemo inowirirana kunopa nzwisiso inokosha pamusoro penzira iyo hurumende inoumba nayo upenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana inonzvera nzira dzakaoma kunzwisisa idzo pfungwa dzinochinja nadzo kuva mitemo nemirauriro zvinodzora nzanga.

Kunzwisisa Migwagwa Yezvirairo: Mitemo inorambidza Kudzorwa

Pamberi pokupinda mumaitiro chaiwo, kunokosha kunzwisisa kuti kune nzira mbiri huru hurumende inoita nadzo mitemo inowirirana: kupfurikidza nemitemo uye kupfurikidza nemirau. Mumutemo wehurumende, kuronga mitemo ibasa iro masangano anotungamirira naanozvimirira anoshandisa kuita mirau, nepo mirau inogadza mirau yakafara yokutanga inoita mirau kupfurikidza nokupfuudza mirau, ipapo masangano anogadzira mirau ine udzame zvikuru kupfurikidza nokuita mitemo. Nzira dzose dziri mbiri dzinotakura simba romutemo, asi dzinotevera miitiro yakasiana- siyana uye dzinobatanidza mitumbi yehurumende yakasiana.

Dare rinowanzopa chiremera chokugadza mitemo kumasangano ehurumende kuti ashandise gadziriro dzemitemo, uye mirau inopiwa kuchiremera ichi inoparira simba netapuro zvomutemo uye inogona kuva netapuro huru dzokuita mutemo. Iyi nhume yechiremera inobvumira kuti Congress itarise zvinangwa zvemiitiro yakafara apo masangano anobata udzame hwezvounyanzvi hunoda unyanzvi chaihwo.

Gadziriro Yomutemo: Nzira Iyo Mabhiri Anova Nayo Mitemo

Mavambo Epfungwa Dzomutemo

Mitemo inovamba sepfungwa, uye kutanga, mumiririri anopa mubatanidzwa wedare ripi neripi – ringabva kuDare kana kuti Imba yoMumiririri – uyo ane pfungwa yomutemo anogona kuita mutezo, uye iyi pfungwa inobva kumitezo yeCongress iyo imene kana kuti kuvagari vezuva riri rose namapoka echinzvimbo chokutonga. Kuumbwa kwehurumende nehurumende kunoreva kuti zvikarakadzo zvemitemo zvinogona kubva mumanyuko akawanda, zvichivimbisa kuti mirangariro yakasiana - siana nezvinodikanwa zvinomiririrwa.

Chirongwa chegweta chemutemo mutsva kana kuti kuchinja kumutemo uripo, uye pfungwa yemutemo inogona kubva kumutezo unogara weDare reUnited States kana kuti Imba yaVamiririri, chikarakadzo mukati menhimbe yesangano revhoti, kana kuti chikumbiro chavanhu kana kuti mapoka evagari vemo anorumbidza mutemo mutsva kana kuti wakagadziriswa kumutezo weChibvumirano unovamirira. Uku kunyorwa kunovimbisa kuti muitiro wemitemo unoramba uchipindura zvinodavirwa navanhu vose uye uchibatanidza zvinodikanwa zvechirongwa.

Kutanga Kudzidza uye Kuverenga Nhamba

Apo muiti wemitemo angosarudza kuronda pfungwa, mutezo wacho unofanira kutangwa nenzira yakarongwa. Mutezo mukuru weDare unotsigira mutemo unonzi "sponsor," uye mimwe mitezo inotsigira mutongo wacho inonzi "co-sponsors". Kana Mumiriri ari mutsigiri, mutengi unopinzwa muImba, uye kana Senator ari mutsigiri, pamutemo unopinzwa muDare.

Apo bhiri rinotangwa, rinopiwa nhamba: H.R. inoratidzira mutemo weInday neS. Dare reSamente. Iyi gadziriro yokuverenga inogovera nzira yakarongwa yokutevera nayo mutemo murwendo rwayo rwose. Kana gwaro rangotangwa, rinogona kuwanwa paCongress.gov, iyo iri website yehurumende inobvumira mutemo wehurumende, inogovera kujeka nokupinda pachena kumuitiro wemitemo.

Mugove Wedare Nokuhwirudzura

Pashure pesumo, zvikwereti zvinopinda mudanho rakakomba renzvero ine udzame. Mari yacho ipapo inogoverwa kudare refundo. Nokukurumidza apo chikwereti chinotangwa, chinonongedzerwa kudare, uye zvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare zvine matare akasiana - siana akaumbwa nemitezo yeCongress iyo inofarira zvikuru misoro yakasiana - siana yakadai soutano kana kuti nhau dzamarudzi ose.

Chikamu chedare ndechipi uko basa guru remitemo rinoitwa. Apo dare rinenge riri mumaoko, rinosanonzverwa uye bviro dzaro dzokupfuura dzinosarudzwa neDare rose, uye dare ringatosarudza kuva nokutongwa kuti rinzwisise zviri nani rerevo dzemutongo. Kunzwa kunobvumira mirangariro yebazu revakuru vakuru, nyanzvi, vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende navatsigiri, uye vashori vomutemo kunofanira kunyorwa.

Madare akaderera akarongwa pasi pamatare uye ane imwezve rondedzero chaiyo panhau yakati, uye kazhinji kazhinji, matare anonongedzera mabhiri kudare duku refundo nokunzwa kwawo amene. Iyi nzira yakasanoiswa inovimbisa kusanonzvera mutemo wakaoma. Zvisinei, haisi yose inopukunyuka padanho rino. Kana dare risingashandi papepa, chikwereti chinorangarirwa kuva "kufa".

Nharo Dzomudenga Nokutamba

Mabhiri anobuda nenzira inobudirira mudare akatarisana nekamuri rakazara nokuda kwokurangarira. Kana akasunungurwa nedare, mutongo unoiswa pakarenda kuti uvhoterwe, kupokanidzana kana kuti kugadziriswa. Mutauri weImba naMajor Header Mutungamiriri weDare anosarudza kana uye apo bhiriti rinouya pamberi pedare rakazara reImba neDare, mukuwirirana, nokuda kwekurukurirano uye ipapo chinyorwa chokupedzisira.

Mitemo miviri inoshanda mumirau yakasiana. Mitemo yose zvayo yedzimba nemiitiro inobvumira voruzhinji kuita mutemo nokukurumidza zvikuru, nepo mitemo yeDare nemiitiro zvinotendera kurangarira chiito chokukurumidza, sezvo zvinogovera nhepfenyuro huru yetsika kuvaSandisi mumwe nomumwe. Nepo imba ichiita mutemo kupfurikidza nevhoti yoruzhinji, Dare rinodaro kupfurikidza nokurangarira uye nekurukurirano pamberi pokuvhota.

Mukati momuitiro wose kugadziridzwa kunowedzerwa uye chinjo dzinoitwa kupepa mudare napauriri hweDare neImba, uye nokudaro kupfurikidza nevhoti yokupedzisira mutengi ungave wave wave wave uchidzokororwa unoverengeka ndokutarisika wakasiana nomuripo unotsigirwa. Kana bhiri racho rikapfuudzwa noruzhinji rwakapfava (218 rwa 435), bhiri racho rinoenda kuDare.

Matare Emisangano Ane Hanya Nevabhiya

Kana mutongo wacho ukapfuudzwa nerimwe bazi reCongress, ipapo unoenda kune rimwe bazi reCongress, uye mutongo wacho unoperazve murutivi rwuri pamusoro apa mubazu rechipiri reCongress.Kugadzwa kwomutemo nguva dzose kunoda kuti makamuri ose ari maviri abvumirane zvakasiana - siana kumutemo mumwe chetewo muchimiro chimwe chetecho asati aupa kuna Purezidhendi.

Apo makamuri maviri anopfuudza shanduro dzakasiana dzemutemo mumwe chetewo, kuyanana kunova kuri madikanwa. Kana chinjo duku bedzi dzikaitwa kumutemo neimwe kamuri, mutemo unowanzodzokera kunzvimbo inobva nokuda kwokuvhota kunowirirana, zvisinei, apo shanduro dzeImba neDare dzechibvumirano dzine misiyano mikuru uye kana kuti misiyano yakawanda, dare redare rinogadzwa pamutemo kuyananisa misiyano iri pakati peshanduro mbiri mupepa rimwe.

Padare redare remisangano, nhengo dzeimba imwe neimwe dzinosangana uye dzinoedza kuita chibvumirano, uye kana dzikabvumirana pamusoro pechokuita, dare remusangano richaita mushumo.

Chiito Chapurezidhendi

Kana matare acho ose angobvumira mutemo mumwe chete, anobva audza Purezidhendi kuti apedzisire apedza kupedza musangano wacho, mushumo wacho wabvumirwa neImba neDare, mutongo wokupedzisira unotumirwa kuPurezidhendi, uye kana Purezidhendi akabvumira mutemo wacho, anouita kuti uve mutemo.

Zvisinei, Purezidhendi ane zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka apo anopiwa mutemo. Kana Purezidhendi asingatori chiito kwamazuva gumi apo Congress inenge iri murusando, mutongo wacho unova mutemo. Kana Purezidhendi akashora mutezo, vangapa mutezo. Mukuwedzera, kana pasina chiito chinoitwa kwamazuva 10 neCongress zvakatoitwa, kune "pocket"

Congress inochengeta simba rokukurira dare rapurezidhendi. Kana Purezidhendi akabvisa mutemo, Congress angaedza kukurira dare, uye kana vose vari vaviri Dare neImba zvikapfuudza mutongo wacho nevoruzhinji vaviri nezvitatu, voMutungamiriri wehurumende voto vatotototototo, uye mutemo wacho uchiva mutemo. Zvisinei, kazhinji kazhinji, Congress ane mavhoti okukwidziridza mutungamiriri wehurumende.

Muitiro Wokugadza Rudzi: Nzira Iyo Nhungamiro Dzinoumba Nayo Mitemo

Kunzwisisa Vatongi Vane Simba Rokutonga

Kunyange zvazvo mutemo uchitanga gadziriro yomutemo, yakawanda yezvinoitwa zvine udzame inoitwa kupfurikidza nokugadza mitemo.Kutonga muitiro unoshandiswa namasangano ehurumende mukuita, kudzorera, kana kuti kudzosera mitemo, uye Dare rinopa chiremera chokugadza mitemo kumasangano ehurumende kuti ashandise mitemo yemitemo.

Nhume idzi dzinoshanda pazvinangwa zvinokosha. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira paCongress, iyo ine mutoro wokutanga muitiro munzvimbo dzakawanda uye haina hayo ungwaru hwakafanana nehungava namasangano. Kupa chiremera kumasangano kunogona kuita kuti Congress angwarire nyaya dze "Big" panzvimbo pokupedza nguva yayo nezviwanikwa zvichikurukura mashoko ose ounyanzvi anodiwa kuti ashandise zvizere mutemo wakaoma kunzwisisa wavose.

Kutanga Muitiro Wokutonga

Sangano ringatanga kugadza mitemo nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana - siyana. Dare ringada zvakananga mutemo kana kuti kutanga muitiro wokutonga kuti ribvise chirongwa chemitemo. Sangano ringaziva chinetso chakadai setsika yeindasitiri inotapura zvisakafanira vatengi. Vanhu vane kodzero yokukumbira sangano kuti ribudise, rigadzirise, kana kuti ritsigirezve mutemo, uye tingabvumirana nezvokudiwa kwechiito.

Muitiro wokuita mitemo yehurumende kazhinji kazhinji une matanho makuru matatu: kutanga zviito zvokugadza mitemo, kutanga mitemo inokarakadzwa, uye kutanga mitemo yokupedzisira.

Cherechedza uye Kupindura

Chokutanga chokuita mitemo yehurumende igadziriro yeziviso nerokuisa. Mitemo mizhinjisa inosikwa kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokuita mitemo unorondedzerwa mu76553 weAPA iyo inonongedzerwa kwairi se "kugadzira mitemo yokutonga" kana kuti "kugadzira mitemo netsinhiro," uye kazhinji kazhinji, uyu muitiro unoumbwa namatanho makuru matatu.

Masangano anofanira kubudisa chiziviso chevavariro yawo yokuita kana kuti kunyora mutemo, uye ichi chiziviso chinobudiswa muFederal Register. Federal Register chinyorwa chezuva nezuva cheMitemo, Zvibvumirano, uye Zvinongedzero zveHurumende yeFederal. Mitemo yeFCC yakawanda inogamuchirwa kupfurikidza nomuitiro unozivikanwa se "notendi netsinhiro" kugadza mitemo, uye mumuitiro iwoyo, FCC inopa ziviso yavose kuti iri kurangarira kuteererwa kana kuti kugadziriswa kwemitemo panhau yakati uye inotsvaka tsinhiro yavose.

Kupindura Pachena

Nokutanga muitiro wokuita mitemo, Congress yakatanga udzori hwakawanda pamasangano, zvakadai sokuva nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vaizova nomukana wokupindura kupfurikidza netsinhiro dzinodiwa neAdministrative Procedure Act (APA).

Masangano ane uchenjeri kana achida kuteerera kana kuti kugamuchira uchapupu hunotaurwa, uye kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru tsinhiro dzinopiwa kusangano kupfurikidza neww.regated. ichi chikuva chepaIndaneti chine kuwedzera zvikuru kuwanikwa kwegadziriro yokuita mitemo, kuchibvumira vagari vemo namasangano kutora rutivi vachibva kupi nokupi munyika.

Nguva yacho inopa mukana kumapoka, nyanzvi, uye vanhu vose zvavo kuti vape mashoko, vaongorore, uye pfungwa zvinofanira kufungwa nemasangano asati agumisa mitemo.

Kutanga uye Kubudisa Mitemo Yokupedzisira

Pashure pokunge masangano agamuchira mashoko, sangano racho rinofanira kubudisa Zvekunge Rapazve Mutongo Murevedzo muFederal Register, uye chiziviso ichi chinofanira kutaurazve zvikonzero nei sangano racho riri kuita kana kuti kudzorera mutemo wacho ndokupindura kutsinhiro dzinogamuchirwa mukati menhambo yetsinhiro dzavose.

Kana muitiro uyu wangopedzwa bedzi, sangano racho ringabudisa mutemo wokupedzisira muFederal Register pamwe chete ne "mashoko makuru echidinomedzo" echibvumirano che "chidict" chomutemo wacho," uye mutemo wacho ungasashanda kutozosvikira anenge mazuva 30 pashure pokunge wabudiswa muFederal Register, nekamwe kakasiana. Iyi nhambo yakamirira inobvumira nguva yakatapurwa kugadzirira nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvitsva.

Kutarisira Kunotungamirirwa Nokutonga

Purezidhendi anoita basa rinokosha mukutarisira gadziriro yokudzora. Muna 1981, Purezidhendi Ronald Reagan akabudisa Udzori Ukuru (E.O.) 12291, iyo yakatanga kudzokororwa kwemitemo yamasangano mazhinjisa kupfurikidza neHofisi yeDrama uye Drugmentary’s Office of Information and Regatoriation Affairs (OIRA).

Mukati menhambo yehwirudzuro, OIRA ichatsinhirana ndokukumbira tsinhiro dzinobva kumamwe masangano ari mukati mehurumende kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti zviito zvacho zvinobatira pamwe nemamwe masangano uye hazvisati zvichitanga miitiro isingawirirani, isingawirirani, kana kuti yokuenzanisa. Chibvumirano Chinoparira Chinodzora chinotungamirirawo masangano kuita ndyiko nebetsero zvemitemo ndokugovera kuti chiito chokutungamirira chingapfuurira bedzi pahwaro hwokutsunga kunorangarirwa kuti betsero dzechiito chacho dzinoruramisa ndyiko.

Kutarisira Nokudzora Kweungano

Kuchengeta Chiremera Chomutemo

Kunyange pashure pokupa chiremera kusangano, Congress inochengeta udzori hunokosha pamusoro pomuitiro wokutungamirira. Kunyange pashure pokugovera chiremera chamasangano, Dare rinochengeta simba raro guru remitemo, rinopa mano okutungamirira, kugadziridza kana kuti mirau, uye chiremera chemasangano anochinja chinodzora.

Dare rinochengeta udzori hwokupedzisira pamabasa amasangano ehurumende, uye Congress inogona kuisa mitemo inokudza kana kuti kubvumira chiremera chesangano, mitemo iripo, kana kuti kumanikidza sangano kupa mitemo yakati. Congress inogonawo kushandisa Congregation Review Act (CRA) kuputsa mitemo kupfurikidza nokuisa chisarudzo chakabatana chokusatendera.

Maturusi Okutarisira uye Michina

Kupfuura simba reCongress rokuranga, Congress angashandisawo zvishandiso zvegamuchidzanwa zvokutarisira musangano kutungamirira nzvimbo dzinotanga sangano, uye zviito zvakadaro zvesangano zvingabatanidza kuva nedare rinofanira kutongwa kana kuti kuunganidza mashoko pamusoro pemibato yokugadza utongi yesangano. aya masangano anotarisira anovimbisa kuti masangano arambe ane mutoro kuvamiririri vakasarudzwa uye, zvichingofanana, kuvanhu vose.

Kujeka kwemuitiro wokutungamirira kunokosha,(zvinobatsira) kunobatsira vanhu kunzwisisa zviri nani muitiro wokuita mitemo uye yamuro muutariri hwedare. Uku kujeka kunopfaviswa nezvinodikanwa zvakasiyana - siyana zvokushuma uye mapepa avose anotevedzerwa basa rokutungamirira.

Kunyatsofunga Nezvenyaya Yokuita Mirayiro

Misiyano Yebumbiro remitemo Iri Pakati Pedzimba

Imba neDare zvine mabasa akasiyana ebumbiro remitemo anotapura muitiro wemitemo. Imba bedzi inogona kutanga mutemo wemitero nemari ine chokuita nemari, uye Dare bedzi rinogona kuita mutemo une chokuita nezvibvumirano zvapurezidhendi. Uku kupesana kwebumbiro remitemo kunoratidzira chiono chavamiriri vakaenzana, neImba inomirira chiverengero chavagari vemo neDare rinomirira Hurumende zvakaenzana.

Zvikamu Kuzvirongwa Zvikuru Zvokutonga

Haisi mirau yose inotevera mutoo wezviziviso necommo. Sangano harifaniri kutevera miitiro yetsinhiro apo rinenge richinyora mitemo yakadai semirau inodudzira, kutaurawo zvako kwemiitiro, uye mitemo inotapura vatarisiri vesangano bedzi kana kuti vashandi, uyewo, kana iri "yapamutemo, isati iri madikanwa, kana kuti inopesana nefariro yavose," sangano ringadzivisa iyi miitiro.

Masangano ehurumende anowanzodikanirwa kubudisa mutemo unokarakadzwa muFederal Register uye kukumbira tsinhiro dzavose pamberi pemirau yokugumisa, zvisinei, pane kusiyana kwokuita mitemo yakakwirira mumigariro yakati, zvakadai sechimwe chikonzero chekurumidziro kana kuti chimwe “chakanaka. ”

Kugadzirira Kutonga Pakati Peusiku

Chinoitika chinokosha mumuitiro wokutungamirira iwedzero yomubato pamugumo wezvirongwa zvapurezidhendi. Masangano eFederal angabudisa mirayiro yakawanda nokukurumidza purezidhendi asati abuda muhofisi(i.e., "kugadza kutonga kwousiku hwechimbichimbi," uye kuhwirudzurwa kweClinton, Bush, Obama, uye vadzori vaTrump vakawanikwa kuti, mumazuva okupedzisira 120 eava vatarisiri, masangano anobudiswa kanenge ka5,5. Congress nemunhu mumwe nomumwe kunze kwehurumende vakataura kuitira hanya kuti iyi mitemo ingadzorwa kupfurikidza nezvinodikanwa zvokuronga nomutemo.

Kushandisa Nokumanikidza

Kushandisa Mitemo Nemirau

Kana mutemo wangoitwa bedzi kana kuti mutevedzero waitwa, basa rokuita rinotanga. Mitemo inofanira kuvamba gadziriro, nhungamiro, uye miitiro iri madikanwa kuita zvinodikanwa zvitsva. Ikoku kungabatanidza vashandi vanorovedza, kutanga gadziriro dzokutarisira dzinotevedzerwa, uye kugadzira zvinhu zvedzidzo nokuda kwezvinhu zvinodzorwa navanhu vose.

Kushandisa kunowanzoda imwe nhungamiro yokuwedzera yokutungamirira kujekesa kuti mitemo nemirau zvinoshanda sei mumamiriro ezvinhu akati.

Kuongorora Kushanda Kwacho uye Kumanikidzwa

Kudzikamisa kunoshanda kunokosha kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti mitemo nemirau zvinosvitsa zvinangwa zvazvo.

Masangano akawanda anopa mikana yokubvuma kutungamirirwa nemitemo, kubatsira nounyanzvi, uye mhinduro dzinoita kuti vanhu vapedzisire vava kushanda nesimba nemhaka yokutyora mutemo uye kuramba vachiitwa.

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga uye Matambudziko Epamutemo

Basa Rematare

Mitemo nemirau zvose zviri zviviri zvinofanira kuongororwa nedare.Matare anogona kuongorora kana mitemo ichiwirirana nezvinodiwa nebumbiro remitemo uye kana mitemo ichiwirirana nemitemo inoibvumira.

Nokuda kwemirau, matare anoshandisa mupimo we "majee neasina kujeka", achinzvera kana masangano akarangarira zvinhu zvinokosha, akagovera tsananguro dzakakwana nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvavo, uye akaita muchiremera chavo chapamutemo. Uyu mupimo wokuhwirudzura unovimbisa kuti masangano anopinda mukuita chisarudzo chakarongwa achiremekedza unyanzvi hwavo munhau dzounyanzvi.

Kumira uye Kukwanisa Kupinda Mumatare

Misangano inotapurwa nemitemo kana kuti mirau ingavadenha mudare, asi inofanira kuratidzira chimiro chapamutemo chakakwana uye kuvadziko muchiito chakadenhwa. Ichi chinodikanwa chinovimbisa kuti matare atarisire nharo chaidzo pane mibvunzo isina kujeka, nepo achiri kugovera nzira ine revo ine revo yokutonga nokuda kweavo vanotapurwa zvapachokwadi nezviito zvehurumende.

Kuwanika Nenzira Yakajeka uye Kuwanikwa Kwavose

Vatungamiriri Vehurumende Vakasununguka

MuUnited States, hurumende yeFederal iri kufambira mberi kukuisa mitemo paIndaneti pawww.regatements.gov, uye pakasvika August 2007 yakanga ichiwanika nokuda kwe80% yokuitwa kwemitemo mitsva. Iyi chinjo yemichina yakavandudza zvikuru kupinda kwavanhu mumuitiro wokudzora, ichibvumira vagari vemo kuhwirudzura mitemo inokarakadzwa, kuisa tsinhiro, uye kuronda fambiro mberi yemirau inovatapura.

Nokuda kwemitemo, [[FT:0] Coreff.gov inogovera mashoko akakwana pamusoro pezvikwereti, kubatanidza manyoro avo, mugariro, vatsigiri, uye nhau dzemitemo. Izvi zviwiro zvepaIndaneti zvinopa mikana yokuwana mashoko akanga akamboomera vagariwo zvavo kuwana.

Chinyorwa Chokutonga

Kuita kuti masangano azvidavirire nokuda kwedonzo, kuisa mitemo yakavakirwa paidi kunoda kuchengeta chinyorwa chakarongwa chamaidi nenzvero seri kwomutemo, uye masangano anofanira kuunganidza vanhu ndokuita chinyorwa chokuisa mitemo icho chinobatanidza mashoko ose anorangarirwa sorutivi rwemuitiro wokuisa mitemo. Iyi chinyorwa chinoshanda zvinangwa zvakawanda: kugovera kujeka kwechapupu chavose kune revo, uye kuparira hwaro hwehwiruso yedare.

Zvinetso Netsoropodzo Zvechiito Chacho

Kuoma Kunzwisisa uye Kuwanika

Kumuka kwomuitiro wokuita mitemo umene inhau yegakava rezvamatongerwe enyika, uye vazhinji vanowana kuti kuisa mitemo isina kujeka uye yakaoma kunowanzoderedza donzo rehurumende yehurumende inosanotarisira uye inozvidavirira kuvagari vemo vayo.

Kushushikana Nemhosva

Chimwe chikonzero chinowanzotaurwa ndechokuti, kusiyana nenhengo dzeCongress, vashandi vemasangano nevakuru vakuru vanonyora mitemo havafaniri kuzvidavirira zvakananga kune vavhota.

Kudzikamisa Kushanda Kwazvo Noutongi Hwose

Gadziriro yokuita mitemo inofanira kudzikamisa mipimo inokwikwidzana: kudikanwa kwounyanzvi mumiitiro yakaoma mukupesana nenheyo yehurumende yehurumende yokusarudzwa. Kunyange zvazvo masangano anotungamirira achiwanzopiwa mhaka yokuita, kwete kuraira gadziriro yokutungamirira, upamhi nokudzika kwemitemo nhasi kunokuita kuti kuve kwakaoma, kana kusingabviri, kuti matare okugadza mitemo ataure udzame hwegadziriro dzazvino uno dzokudzora, uye somuuyo, kutsanangurwa kwouhu udzame kunogoverwa zvikurukuru kumasangano okuita utongi.

Pesvedzero Yavagamuchiri Nemapoka Anofarira

Kupambadza uye Kunyengera

Muzvose zviri zviviri miitiro yemitemo nemirau, vaiti vemiitiro yakasiana - siana vanotsvaka kupesvedzera miuyo. Mapoka efariro, masangano ebhizimisi, masangano ezvemari, uye vagari vemo vamwe navamwe vose vanotora rutivi mumitemo inoumba nemirau. Uku kutora rutivi kunogona kuva nezvimiro zvakawanda, kubva pauchapupu hwepamutemo pakutongwa kusvikira kutsinhiro dzinokarakadzwa kuti dziruramise vaiti vemitemo navakuru vakuru vakuru vamasangano.

Kunyange zvazvo vanozvipinza mungozi vachipfumisa muitiro wacho kupfurikidza nokugovera miuyo yakasiana- siyana namashoko ounyanzvi, zvinomutsawo funganyo pamusoro pepesvedzero isina kuenzana. Masangano anosainwa angava ane simba guru rokutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira kupfuura vagari vemo vamwe navamwe kana kuti mapoka maduku, miuyo inobvira yokukuvadza.

Kurukurirano Dzokupedzisira

Kugadzira mitemo kwakawanda ndiko kutevedzana kwainoitwa ne “pert-siclease", kunoreva kuti FCC inobvumira mharidzo dzinotaurwa nedzinonyorwa kuvaiti vemishumo yesangano mukuwedzera kutsinhiro dzokutanga nemhinduro. Makopi etsinhiro dzipi nedzipi dzakanyorwa dzakadaro dzinofanira kuchengetwa muchiteshi chezviitiko uye mharidzo dzipi nedzipi dzokutaura dzinofanira kuratidzirwa mupfupiso yakanyorwa muchiteshi chezvicherwa. Izvi zvinodikanwa zvokujeka zvinobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti mapoka ose ane kusvika kumashoko mamwe uye anogona kupindura kunharo dzinoitwa navamwe.

Kuwirirana Muhurumende Yose

Kupindirana

Kudzora kwazvino uno kunowanzoda kubatana pakati pamasangano akawanda ane mibatanidzwa inobatana kana kuti mitoro inowirirana.Kuhwirudzura kunobatanidza nzira dzokuita nadzo kuti masangano ave anoshanda zvakanaka uye adzivise zvinodiwa zvinopesana. Uku kubatana kunokosha zvikurukuru munharaunda dzakadai sedziviriro yemhoteredzo, mirau yemari, uye utano hwevanhu, umo masangano akawanda angava nounyanzvi hwakakodzera nechiremera.

Ukama hweFederal-State-Locale

Muitiro wokuita mitemo hauitiki mukuparadzaniswa nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Mitemo nemirau yeFederal kazhinji kazhinji zvinobatira pamwe nezvinodikanwa zvehurumende nezvomunzvimbomo, pane dzimwe nguva kuibvisa, pane dzimwe nguva kugadza mipimo miduku iyo nyika dzinogona kupfuura, uye pane dzimwe nguva kuvamba gadziriro dzebatira pamwe dzokuita pamwe. Kunzwisisa iyi ukama hwehurumende hunokosha mukunzwisisa kuti mitemo inotapura sei zvomenemene upenyu hwavanhu.

Kuongorora Mari uye Kufurirwa

Kuongorora Kunotengwa

Masangano anoshandisa kuongorora kwezvemari (dzimwe nguva kunonzi kuongorora kunobatsira, kuongorora, kana kuti kuongorora kwemazano) kuvabatsira kuziva zvimwe zvakanakisisa uye kana kubatsira kwomutemo kungaruramisa ndyiko dzawo. Kuongorora uku kunoedza kuyera zvose zviri zviviri migumisiro yakanaka nezvakaipa, kunyange zvazvo zvichiyera zvimwe zvinobatsira zvisingashandisi mashandiro emitemo, zvakadai sezvinenge zvavandudzwa kana kuti zvazvakapoteredza, kungaoma.

Kupesvedzera Kunodzora Pamabhizimisi Maduku

Ngwariro chaiyo inowanzopiwa kunzira iyo mitemo inotapura nayo mabhizimisi maduku, ayo angashaiwa zviwanikwa zvamasangano makuru zvikuru kuti awirirane nezvinodikanwa zvakaoma.

Misiyano Yamarudzi Ose

Kuzadzisa Chibvumirano

Zvibvumirano zvenyika yose zvinogona kupesvedzera kuita mitemo yomumba. apo United States inopinda muzvibvumirano, kushandisa mutemo kana kuti mirau kungava kuri madikanwa kuita misengwa yamarudzi ose. Basa rebumbiro remitemo mubvumirano kuparira mhesano yechienzi pakati pomutemo wokumwe nomutemo wemhuri.

Kunzwa Kupindirana Kunoita Kutungamirira

Munyika iri kuramba ichibatana, pane kukosheswa kuri kuwedzera kutsinhiranisa mitemo munyika dzose kuti ibatsire kutengesa uye kugadzirisa zvinetso zvinokonzerwa nenyika dzakawanda.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira uye Kuvandudza Mukuita Mitemo

Kuchinja kwezvidhina

Ruzivo rwekugadzirwa kwemitemo nemitemo zviri kuchinja kuti ivepo uye isvike sei.

Zvinetso Zvokushandisa Zvinhu Zvinowedzera Kukura

Kukurumidza kuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kunokonzera zvinetso zvekuita mitemo yakagadzirirwa kuti zvinhu zvive zvakanaka. Vadzori vemitemo nevakuru vakuru vanofanira kudzikamisa kudiwa kwokugadzirisa ngozi uye kudzivirira vanhu nechido chokudzivisa zvinhu zvitsva zvinovhiringidza. Kunetseka uku kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzakadai souchenjeri hwokugadzira zvinhu, ruzivo rwezvinhu zvipenyu, uye zvokugadzira zvinhu, uko ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu runochinja nokukurumidza kupfuura zvinogona kuita.

Kuongorora Nokuchinja Kunoita Kuti Vaongorore

Kuparadza Mitemo Iripo

Urongwa hwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi hwakatungamirira masangano kuzivisa mitemo isiri kushandisika kana kuti inoda kudzokororwa. Kuongororazve kunoongorora kana mirau iripo iri kuita zvinangwa zvayo, kana ichiri madikanwa, uye kana ichigona kuvandudzwa kana kuti kudzokororwa. Kuongorora uku kunoramba kuchibatsira kuva nechokwadi chokuti tsika yokudzora inoramba ichishanda uye ichishanda.

Kuvira Kwezuva uye Kudzokorora Nguva Nenguva

Mimwe mitemo inosanganisira urongwa hwokunyura kwezuva hunoda kuti pavezve neakanyorwa kana kuti adzokororwe, hunoita kuti pave nemikana yokuongorora kana mapurogiramu achiri madikanwa uye achishanda, kunyange zvazvo achikwanisa kuita kuti vanhu vabatsirwe vasanyatsoziva kuti mapurogiramu acho achange achifanira kutevedzerwa.

Nguva Yemberi Yokuita Mutemo

Kuongorora Muitiro Wacho

Nguva pfupi yapfuura zvikuru, Purezidhendi Biden akabudisa Chirongwa Chinodzora chinorayira Office of Management and Drugment (OMB) kuti chikurudzire nzira dzokuvandudza nadzo nokuvandudza muitiro wokudzokorora.

Kujairana Nematambudziko Matsva

Kugadzira mitemo kunofanira kuramba kuchienderana nokugadzirisa matambudziko ari kumuka, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kusvika pakusagadzikana kwemakombiyuta kusvika pakupararira.

Kupedzisa: Kukosha Kwokunzwisisa Zvaunoita

Kunzwisisa kuti pfungwa dzinova sei mitemo uye mirau zvinokosha kuti munhu ave mugari wemo achiziva uye kuti abudirire pakudzora hurumende.

Nepo muitiro wacho uchigona kuratidzika kuva wakaoma uye pane dzimwe nguva uchikangaidza, iyi miitiro inobatira madonzo anokosha: inoparira mikana yokuti manzwi akasiyana - siyana anzwiwe, inova nechokwadi chokuti zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pakusanonzvera nokurangarirwa kwezvimwe zvinoshandiswa, zvinogovera nzvero dzinopesana nechiito chokusasarura, uye zvinochengeta kujeka uko kunogonesa kutarisira vanhu. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa iyi miitiro, vagari vemo vanogona kubatanidzwa nenzira inobudirira zvikuru nehurumende yavo, vatsigiri nokuda kwefariro dzavo, uye vanochengeta vaiti vechisarudzo vachizvidavirira.

Rwendo rwokuenda kumutemo runoratidzira mipimo yechero youtongi hwehurumende inosarudzwa navose: kumirira, kurangarira, uye kuzvidavirira. Sezvo chaunga chinopfuurira kushanduka ndokutarisana nedenho itsva, iyi miitiro ichapfuurira kuchinjira, asi donzo rayo guru(kushandura kuda kwavanhu kuva zviremera zvinobudirira.) nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pomutemo wazvino uno nemirairo, zviwanikwa zvakafanana ne Chonforn.[FLD:1] uye .]

Kana uri mugari wemo anoitira hanya, bhizimisi rinodzorwa, sangano rokuva mufundisi, kana kuti mumwe munhu anofarira mashandire anoita hurumende, anonzwisisa nzira inobva muchikarakadzo kuudzo hunomanikidzirwa kukupa simba rokuita kuti uite zvinobudirira mukuumba mitemo inodzora nzanga yedu. Muitiro wacho ungava wakaoma, asi wakagadzirirwa kuti uve anowanika, uye kupindira kwako kupfurikidza nokuonana nevamiriri vakasarudzwa, kupfurikidza netsinhiro pamusoro pemiraudzo inokarakadzwa, kana kuti kungogara uchiudzwa kuti uziviswe kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anoramba achitsigira zvinodiwa nevanhu vainobatira.