United States Congress inoshandisa mumwe wemitoro yayo mikurusa yebumbiro remitemo kupfurikidza nokutarisira kwamasangano avose. Iri basa rinokosha rinovimbisa kuti masangano ehurumende anoshanda mukati memiganhu yawo yemitemo, anoita mitemo seyakarongerwa, uye anoramba achizvidavirira kuvanhu veAmerica. Chiremera cheCongress chinowana mu‘masimba azvo anoshandiswa" muBumbiro remitemo, mitemo yavose, uye mitemo yeImba neDare. Kupfurikidza negadziriro yapamutemo yakarongwa mumazana amakore anopfuura maviri, Congress yakakumber yakatanga miitiro yakaisvonaka yokutarisira, kunzvera, uye kupesvedzera kushanda kwebazu repamusoro.

Mavambo Ebumbiro Remitemo Rokutarisira Masangano

Kudzora isimba rinotsaurwa rebumbiro remitemo reCongress. Kutonga isimba rinorehwa panzvimbo pesimba rinotaurwa pasi peBumbiro remitemo reU.S. Tsamba yehurumende haipi Congress chiremera nenzira yakajeka kuti itarise kubvunza kana kuti kunzvera kwomutungamiriri, kuti ive nezvinyorwa kana kuti zvinhu zvakachengetwa namukuru mukuru, kana kuti kupa zvitupa zvinyorwa kana kuti uchapupu hunobva kumukuru wehurumende. Pasinei zvapo nokushayikwa uku kworugwaro rwebumbiro remitemo rakajeka, Dare rapamusoro rakabvuma kuti chiremera chokutarisira chinofamba nenzira yomuzvarirwo kubva kumasimba eRegionalgions.

Dare Rapamusoro rakasarudza kuti vagadziri vaivavarira kuti Congress vatsvake mashoko pakugadzira kana kuti kuhwirudzura mutemo. Ipfungwa yakananga: Musangano haugoni kudzikamiswa nenzira inobudirira pasina kunzwisisa migariro iyo mitemo yawo inorongedzerwa kukurukura kana kuti kuti kuti mitemo iripo iri kuitwa sei. Kushaikwa kwekurukurirano kwakanga kuri nemhaka yokuti tarisiro nechiremera chayo chaibatira zvakarangarirwa sesimba romuzvarirwo remagungano anomirira ayo akagadza mutemo wavose.

Hwaro hwebumbiro remitemo hwetarisiro huri zvikurukuru paChikamu I, icho chinoisa masimba ose emitemo muCongress. Congress ine tarisiro yakafara nezviremera zvinoongorora, izvo zvinokosha kumabasa ayo okutonga pasi peChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo reU. Uku kubatana pakati poutariri nemutemo kunofanira kukwanisa kunzvera kuti mitemo iri kuitwa sei kusarudza kana mitemo mitsva ichidikanwa kana kuti mitemo iripo inoda kugadziriswa.

Kutanga Kwenhau Kwechiremera Chokutonga

Kutarisira Congress kwakatanga zvikuru kubvira pakutangwa kwenyika. Congress yokutanga yakavhura urongwa uhwu hwokutarisira kupfurikidza nokuongorora chaiko, kushuma zvinodiwa, uye kushandiswa kwemazano okuongorora chiremera chevakuru vakuru. Mumwe wemienzaniso yokutanga yakaitika muna 1792, apo House of Decrections yakaongorora kukundwa kwehondo yaGeneral Arthur St. Clair namauto eNative American.

Imba yakagadziridza chisarudzo chokugadzira dare rakasarudzwa, rakabvumira "kudana vanhu vakadaro, mapepa, uye marekodhi, sezvinongava zviri madikanwa kubetsera kubvunza kwavo. Iyi nzvero yakagadza mienzaniso inokosha yokuwana mashoko ebazu anotungamirira, kunyange zvazvo yakanyandurawo kurukurirano dzapakuvamba pamusoro peropafadzo yechiremera apo Purezidhendi Washington akabvunza Kidmini yake pamusoro pokuteerera.

Zvamazvirokwazvo, nhau dzapakuvamba dzechipo chehurumende namasimba okuzvidza zvakanangidzira ngwariro pakubatwa zvisina kufanira kana kuti kushatiswa kweImba imene.

Mitemo Inokosha Inogadza Basa Rokutarisira

Mutemo Wa1946

Gwendero reGagislative Reorgantation Act ya 1946 (P. 79-601), kwenguva yokutanga, yakadana zvakajeka nokuda kwe "utariri hwechikwata" mumutemo wavose. Yakatungamirira matare akamira eImba neDare "kushandisa kurinda kunopfuurira" pamusoro pepurogiramu namasangano adzo ari pasi pavo; yakapiwa mvumo yenyanzvi; uye yakakudziridza masimba e Comptroller General, musoro weCongress’s Certricart neoccounting Office (GAO) Office yeHurumende yeMauthority (GO).

Mutemo uyu waimirira nguva yaimiswa muutariri hwedare. Nokuita kuti varambe vachirinda, Congress yakaronga kuti zvakanga zvamboitwa semafashoni.Mutemo wakaziva kuti kutarisira kunobudirira kwaida zvinhu zvakatsaurirwa, zvichiita kuti pave nemvumo yevashandi vedare vaigona kutanga unyanzvi mumasangano uye mumapurogiramu.

Mutemo wa1970

Kuvakwa paChinjo dza 1946, Legislative Reorganization Act ya 1970 (P. 91-510) yakabvumira dare rimwe nerimwe rakamira ku "tarirazve nokufunda, pahwaro hunopfuurira, kushandiswa, kutarisirwa nokuitwa" kwemitemo pasi pehurumende yaro; kuwedzera vashandi vanodzidzira vamatare; kuwedzera betsero yakagoverwa neCongregational Research Service; uye kusimbisa kurangarirwa kwepurogiramu mitoro yeGO.

Uku kuvandudza kwakaratidzira kuziva kweCongress kuti tarisiro yakanga yava yakaoma zvikuru sezvo hurumende yehurumende yakakura.

Muitiro Wokubhajeta Nokuzvidavirira wa1921

Congress yakaita GAO muGO muBhault and Accounting Act ya1921 kuti ibetsere mukubudiswa kwamasimba ayo makuru ebumbiro remitemo-simba rokunzvera nokutarisira mibato yebazu guru, simba rokudzora kushandiswa kwemari yehurumende, uye simba rokuita mitemo. Kutangwa kweGO kwakagovera Congress sangano rakasununguka, renyanzvi kunzvera kuti mubhadhari wemitero anopedzwa sei uye anoyera basa resangano.

Kupiwa Simba Routarisiri Kumatare

Chiremera chokutarisira uye chokunzvera chinogara mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri, idzo dzakapawo chiremera ichi kumatare ekamuri rimwe nerimwe. Matare ane masimba bedzi ayo akapiwa kwavari nemitumbi yawo yavabereki.

Mutezo weimba X neDare XXV unogadza miganhu yemitemo nokuda kwokumira matare ndokuapa chiremera chakafara kunzvera zvinhu mukati menharaunda dzawo dzakatsaukana. Nzvero dzamaDare dzinofanira: kuva muudzori hwedare semaonere emitemo yeImba kana kuti Dare, kuvimbisa kuti mibato yokutarisira inoramba yakanangidzirwa zvakanaka uye yakabvumirwa.

Dare reGulume Reform Reform Dare reHurumende reHurumende, iro rine utarisiri panenge hurumende yose yehurumende, zvakare, rinobvumirwa kuongorora nokuongorora kushanda kwemabasa ehurumende kuti rione mari yaro nokubudirira uye kuti ripe matare anobva pamishumo yeGO. matare aya anobatira sematare anotarisira vanhu vose, achitsigira matare anopa matare maruramiro okutarisira.

Madonzo Nevavariro Zveutariri Hweungano

Kunzwisisa zvinangwa izvi zvakasiyana - siyana kunobatsira kunzwisisa chikonzero nei Masangano achishandisa zvinhu zvinokosha mumabasa okutarisira uye kuti maturusi akasiyana - siyana anoshanda sei zvinangwa zvakasiyana - siyana.

Kutarisira Kunorongwa

Kutarisira gadziriro kunosimbisa kuva nechokwadi chokuti mapurogiramu ehurumende anoshanda nenzira inobudirira uye nenzira inobudirira.Izvozvi zvinobatanidza kusimbisa kuti masangano ari kuita mabasa awo emitemo, kuwirirana nevavariro yomutemo, uye kuwana migumisiro inodiwa. Congress anoshandisa utariri hwepurogiramu kuti aone tsvina, kunyengera, uye kushatisa; kuyera kushanda kwepurogiramu; uye kuhwirudzura miitiro yemitezo yokutonga.

Dare rinoshandisa kumwe kutungamirira kwaro kunobudirira zvikurusa kupfurikidza negadziriro yokuranga, uko kunopa banza rokunzvera sangano nendyiko hurusa. Masangano mazhinjisa ehurumende namapurogiramu anodikanirwa kugamuchirazve kunyorwazve kwegore negore, makore maviri, makore mashanu, kana kuti zvimwe zvikonzero. Kupa matare mukana wokuhwirudzura mabasa esangano, mabasa, uye miitiro. Semugumisiro weidzi nhamburiko dzokutarisira, Congress inogona kubvisa kana kuti kudzosa mapurogiramu echinyakare kana kuti okusashanda kupfurikidza nokutema kana kuti kuderedza mari.

Kudzivirira Kodzero Dzomunhu Mumwe Nomumwe uye Kusunungurwa

Kutarisira kweCongregation kunogona kubetsera kudzivirira kodzero nerusununguko zvevagari vemo nevamwe. Nokuratidza kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwechiremera, kutongwa uye dzimwe nhamburiko zvinogona kumisa kusazvibata kwevakuru vakuru uye kubetsera kudzivisa kudzokororwa kwakwo, somuenzaniso, mutemo mutsva kana kuti nenzira isina kunanga kupfurikidza nokukudza kuziva kwavose. Basa iri rinodzivirira rinomirira chimwe chezvinokosha zvikurusa kuudzori hwedemocracy.

Basa Rokuchinja

Kupfuura madonzo ayo emitemo neouprhwendi, kutungamirira kwesangano rinobatira basa rinokosha ramashoko avose v. United States, 354 U.S. 178, 200 n.33 (1957) kwakataura kuti "[f]rom nguva dzapakuvamba zvikurusa munhau yaro, Congress yakaita nenzira yokushingaira donzo reinonzi "kuchinja basa'kunatsa" donzo raro nderoku "kupinda muushati nokuhusha ushatiso, kushatisa kana kuti kushaikwa mumasangano eHurumende". Uku kuoneka kunobetsera kuchengeta chivimbo chapachena muhurumende uye kugonesa vagari vemo vakasarudzwa kuzvidavirira.

Mabharani Epamutemo Nemichina Yokutarisira

Kutongwa Nedare Nokuongorora

Nhasi, kutarisirwa kwesangano redare kunogona kuitika munodokuva mumubato upi noupi wemitemo uye kupfurikidza nemhatsa huru yemikoto, masangano, uye zvivako. iyi mibato inovambira pakutonga kwedare kwakarongwa kusvikira kuonano yedare kana kuti yavashandi navakuru vakuru; kubva pafundo dzavashandi kusvikira kuhwirudzuro dzokutsigira; uye kubva mukushanda kwenhau dzinoitiswa namahofisi eCombo kufundo dzinogadzirirwa namasangano akadai savamiriri navaongorori vakuru vakuru.

Kutongwa kwedare kunomirira chimwe chezvishandiso zvinooneka zvikurusa. Izvi zvinoitika zvetsika zvinobvumira matare kubvunza vakuru vakuru vesangano, kuunganidza chipupuriro chenyanzvi, uye kuita chinyorwa chavose chemibato yesangano nokushanda. Zvinokosha zvikuru ndezvokutongwa kwemitongo yemasangano pamwe chete nokubvumidzwa kwokunzwa kwepurogiramu dziripo. Uku kunzwa kwenguva dzose kunogovera mikana yakarongeka yokutarisira.

Simba Reputpoena

Simba iri rinoita kuti matare akwanise kumanikidza kubudiswa kwezvinyorwa uye uchapupu kana masangano kana kuti vanhu varamba kushandira pamwe nokuzvidira nokubvunza kunoitwa nedare.

Chinobatanidzwa mukati moukuru hwesimba racho chiremera chokutanga nzvero, kuchengeta matare, kuunganidza chipupuriro kana kuti magwaro kubva kuzvapupu, uye, mumigariro umo hurumende kana kuti boka ravanhu risati richiuya, kumanikidza kuwirirana nezvikumbiro zvesangano kupfurikidza nokuchengetwa kwamapopona. Simba resubpoena rinobatira sechidzoreso chinodenha, kuvimbisa kuti Dare rinogona kuwana mashoko ari madikanwa nokuda kwemibato yaro yemitemo netarisiro.

Michina Inomanikidzirwa

Apo masangano anoramba kuwirirana nesangano redare, Congress ane zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka zvokudzikamisa zvinowanika.Congress ingatsvaka kuita kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe aingwe nemhosva nemhaka yokusawirirana nedare duku. Kuchengetwa kwehurumende kwezvipo: Mitemo yedare yehurumende ingatsvaka chisarudzo chedare chehurumende chinozivisa kuti munhu ari kukurukurwa wacho anosungirwa pamutemo kuwirirana nedare duku repoena.

Zvisinei, zviito zvokutarisira zvinogona kuva zvinopedza nguva uye zvinokakavadzana mune zvematongerwe enyika, kunyanya kana zviine makakatanwa pakati peCongress nebazi guru pamusoro pokuwana mashoko.

Kushuma Zvinodikanwa

Dare rinowanzotaura zvinodiwa mumutemo, richiudza kuti masangano ape mishumo yenguva dzose yemabasa awo, mari yaanoshandisa, uye kuti ashande.

Dare ringagamuchira mashoko kubva kuvamiririri, vakuru vakuru vesangano (vangave kana kuti vangasava vari kuita savaridzi vemhete), vaongorori vakuru, mapoka ezviwanwa zvezvipfuro, kana kuti vanobudisa nhau.

Basa Rezvirongwa Zvokutsigira Zvine Misangano

Hofisi Inozvidavirira yeHurumende

Office yeHurumende yeMatare anozvidavirira inobatira sechikamu chikuru chebvunzo nemaoko anoongororwa. Inozivikanwawo se "Imba inorinda". GAO inopawo Dare, vakuru vemasangano anotungamirira, uye vanhu mashoko akavakirwa panguva, akavakirwa paidi, asina chikamu chamashoko anogona kushandiswa kuvandudza hurumende nokuponesa mabhiriyoni emadhora.

Basa reGO rinoitwa pachikumbiro chematare esangano kana kuti mahofisi maduku kana kuti anorairwa nemitemo yavose kana kuti mishumo yedare. Rinoitawo nzvero muchiremera cheComptorroller General. Rinotsigira tarisiro yedare kupfurikidza: mabasa okunzvera mari yehurumende kuti ione kana iri kushandiswa zvakanaka uye nenzira inobudirira; kunzvera kupomera kwemibato isiri yapamutemo neisiri pamutemo; kushuma pamusoro pokuti mapurogiramu ehurumende nemitemo zvinosvitsa zvinangwa zvazvo; kuita purogiramu dzedare nokuronga zvirongwa zvedare kuti zvionerwe zvakanaka.

GAO kuzvimirira kunodzivirirwa kupfurikidza nomuitiro wokugadza wakasiana nokuda kwomutungamiriri wayo. Mutungamiriri mukuru wecompoller anogadzwa napurezidhendi, kupfurikidza uye nezano nemvumo yeDare, nokuda kwegore regumi namashanu, shoko risingapindurwizve. Purezidhendi anosarudza munhamba yavanhu vatatu vanorumbidzwa nabhirtis, bidaral communion communion. Chivako ichi chinofukidza Comptroller General mudzvinyiriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika uye chinovimbisa kuti vanhu vatatu vanorumbidzwa navakamasere, bitravelal commistry.

Basa Rokunzvera reCongress uye Dzimwe Nhungamiro Dzinotsigira

Congress Congregational Research Service inogovera kuongorora kwemitemo uye kutsvakurudza kwepamutemo kuti kutsigire kuongororwa kwedare uye mabasa okutarisira.

Masangano anotsigira aya anogovera Congress unyanzvi hwokuzvimirira uye mano okutungamirira, achigonesa ruzivo rukuru uye kutungamirira kunobudirira. Anobatira sezvinopesana nezvikamu zvemashoko zvebazi guru, achibetsera kuenzanisa nzvimbo yokutamba mukukakavadzana kwetarisiro.

Mienzaniso Yokutarisira: Mapurisa Anoita Kuti Moto Uve Usinganzwisiswi

Matew McCubins naThomas Schwartz vachinyora muna 1984, masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika akakarakadza muenzaniso wemibato yokuronga utarisiri hwesangano iyo inoramba iri chishandiso chinobetsera nokuda kwokunzwisisa somuitiro. Munyaya yavo, vanyori vanorondedzera mapoka maviri akafara outariri hwedare: "Provice publications" uye "azhevedzo dzemoto." mapurisa anorinda apo Congress, pakutanga kwawo, "anotaura muenzaniso wemiitiro yechiremera, nechinangwa chokuziva nokugadzirisa kuputswa kupi nokupindwa pasi kwevavariro dzemitemo uye, kupfurikidza nokunzvera kwayo, kuomesa mwoyo.

Kutarisira kuridza mwoto, kunopesana, kunoitika apo Dare rinopindura kunyunyuta kana kuti nyevero zvinobva kumapoka ezvirongwa, mapoka ezvimuko, vanoridza mhete, kana kuti mamwe manyuko pamusoro pezvinetso zvingangovapo nezvinoitwa nemasangano.

Kutarisira mapurisa kunogovera tarisiro yakarongwa uye kunogona kuona zvinetso zvisati zvamuka.

Miganhu Yepamutemo Pakutarisira Kwemasangano

Kunyange zvazvo masimba eCongress akatarira akafara, haana kuganhurirwa. Basa reCongress rokutarisira rinodzorwa neganhuriro dzakasiana- siyana dzemitemo. Izvi ganhuriro dzinobetsera kuchengeta dzikamo yebumbiro remitemo yemasimba uye kudzivirira maruramiro omunhu oga.

Chinodikanwa Chomutemo

"Kunyange zvazvo simba rokunzvera risingaganhuriwi haro. . . . takajekesa [i] kuti Dare harina kuiswa simba re‘gareya' rokubvunza munhau dzapachivande.' Nhau yokubvunza kupi nokupi nguva dzose inofanira kuva imwe ‘ apo mutemo ungagona kuva. ’. Chinodikanwa ichi chinovimbisa kuti kunzvera kwedare kubatira madonzo emitemo apamutemo panzvimbo pokushanda sebvunziro dzavose mumufambiro wapachivande.

Dare rapamusoro rakasimbisa kuti chiremera chinobva mumasimba omutemo eCongress, kureva kuti nzvero dzinofanira kuwirirana nomutemo unobvira kana kuti kutarisirwa kwemitemo iripo. Nenzira yakachena kana kuti kuongorora kusingawirirani nemitemo inopesana nechiremera cheCongress.

Kodzero Dzomunhu Mumwe Nomumwe Nedziviriro Yebumbiro remitemo

Kuongorora kweCongressqualion kunofanira kuremekedza kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo, kusanganisira rusununguko rweFirst Amendment, Kudzivirira Kuzviparadzanisa Kwechishanu, uye kodzero dzeChina dzeWendement. Dare rakapindira apo kuongorora kwedare kwakatyisidzira idzi dziviriro dzinokosha, richigadza miganhu inokosha pamabasa okutarisira.

Dzikamo pakati pechiremera chesangano nekodzero dzevanhu yakachinja kupfurikidza nomutemo wemhosva, matare achiwanzonongedzera kuzvinodikanwa zvokuongorora zvaCongress nepo achivimbisa kuti dziviriro huru dzebumbiro remitemo dzinoramba dzakasimba.

Ropafadzo Yakananga Nokuparadzana Kwesimba

Ropafadzo ine chiremera inomirira imwe yeganhuriro dzinokakavadzana zvikurusa pakutarisira musangano. Nepo isingadudzwi zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo, ropafadzo yechiremera inobvumira Purezidhendi kurega mashoko akati kuCongress kudzivirira kuvandika kwefungidziro dzamabazu makuru.

Vakabvuma mitemo yokuzivisa yakatanga hwaro hwapakuvamba hweinozivikanwa zvino se "ropafadzo yokuuraya," kana kuti maruramiro aPurezidhendi kushandisa magwaro omunhu oga uye zano risina kushatiswa kuronga zvisarudzo zvemitemo. Kupesana pamusoro peropafadzo yechiremera kunowanzoda kukurukurirana pakati pamapazu uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko, chisarudzo chokutonga.

Miganhu Yakanyorwa

Congress shooral reconstant recureal recureal recurel redare rakagadzwa nemitemo yeImba neDare. Nzvero dzeDare dzinofanira: kuva muudzori hwedare serinorondedzerwa mumitemo yeImba kana kuti Dare, uye ... kana mipimo iyi ichizadzikwa, kunzvera kwedare kunokosha uye kwakakura. Izvi zvinodikanwa zvehurumende zvinodzivisa matare kudarika chiremera chawo uye kuvimbisa miitiro yokutarisira yakarongeka.

Michina Inotarisirwa Zvikuru

Vaongorori Varwi

Inspector General Act yakagadza mahofisi akazvimirira mukati mamasangano ehurumende kuti atungamirire kunzvera nokunzvera mabasa esangano. Vanzveri vakuru vanoshuma kuzvose zviri zviviri utungamiriri hwesangano neCongress, vachigovera gadziriro yomukati yokutarisira iyo inobatanidza mibato yokutarisira. Mahofisi aya anobatira segadziriro dzenyevero dzapakuvamba, kuzivisa zvinetso uye kurumbidza zviito zvokururamisa pamberi pokukura kwenhau.

Vanzveri Mukuru vava vatsigiri vanokosha muutarisiri hwesangano, vachigovera kunzvera kwounyanzvi uye zviwanikwa zvokunzvera izvo zvinowedzera mano eCongress okunzvera mabasa esangano. Gadziriro yavo yokushuma mbiri dzinovimbisa kuti zvose zviri zviviri vatarisiri vesangano neCongress zvinogamuchira mashoko pamusoro petsvina, kunyengera, kushatisa, uye kusatarisira zvakanaka.

Chiito Chokuhwirudzura Cheungano

Congressional Review Act inogovera chirongwa cheCongress chehwirudzuro uye zvingada kudzokororwa mirayiro yesangano. Mumutemo uyu, masangano anofanira kuisa mitemo mikuru kuCongress isati yatanga kushanda, uye Congress inogona kupfuudza chisarudzo chakabatana chokusatendera kuti zvisaitwa. Iyi nzira inopa Congress tarisiro yakananga pamuitiro wokutungamirirazve, ichivimbisa kuti kuumbwa kwemitezo kunowirirana nevavariro yedare.

Congressional Review Act inomirira chishandiso chinokosha chokutarisira, kuchibvumira kuti Congress idzore kugadziriswa kwemitemo yesangano pasina kuda mutemo mutsva. Zvisinei, kubudirira kweChibvumirano chacho kunotsamira pakuda kushandira pamwe kuchishandisa, uye zvisarudzo zvokusatendera hazviwanzowaniki.

Ungwaru

Matare anotarisira eDare Rinodzora-Sarudza Dare pamusoro peUchenjeri muDare uye Dare Rinosarudzwa zvechigarire paUchenjeri muNzvimbo yeVamiririri-Makurukota - anoita kuti basa rouchenjeri ritarisirwe bedzi kunze kwebazi rine Chiremerera. Ungwaru hunopa zvinetso zvakasiyana nemhaka yokushanda kwouchenjeri kwakakomba uye kudiwa kwokudzivirira mashoko akarongwa.

Purezidhendi anosungirwawo nomutemo kuzivisa matare akangwara (kana kuti, munhau chaidzo, utungamiriri hwesangano) rechiito chose chakavanzika "kuwana" kana zvatenderwa naPurezidhendi. Matare haana chiremera chokushora izvi zvakawanikwa, asi anogona kudzivisa kutengwa kwemari yemibato yakadaro mumakore anotevera. Naizvozvo, senhau inoshanda, mirangariro yawo pamusoro pepurogiramu dzezviito zvechibharo inopiwa uremu hwakati.

Kufamba Kwezvirongwa Zvokutarisira

Simba rechikwama rinomirira rimwe remiitiro yetarisiro inobudirira zvikurusa yeCongress. Masangano ose ehurumende anobhadharwa kupfurikidza nekurukurirano dzegore negore. Mari yesangano rimwe nerimwe inobatanidzwa mune rimwe ramabhiri ane gumi namaviri ayo Congress anorangarira gore rimwe nerimwe. Uyu muitiro wegore unopa mikana yenguva dzose yokuhwirudzura kushanda kwesangano uye kugadziridza mwero yemari yakavakirwa pakuwanwa kwedare.

Kutongwa kwemhosva kunobvumira matare kubvunza vakuru vakuru vemasangano pamusoro pokushandisa kwavo mari yomutero, purogiramu inobudirira, uye kuwirirana nenhungamiro dzesangano. Dare rinogona kushandisa ganhuriro dzemari kutsigira migariro yesangano uye ganhuriro kupesvedzera kuzvidavirira kwesangano. Kutyisidzira kwokuderera kwemari kunogovera simba guru mukukakavadzana kwokutarisira.

Kubva pakurangana kwegore negore, Congress inoshandisa miitiro yetendero kutungamirira. Matare anobvumira anohwirudzura mapurogiramu esangano nemibato paanenge achirangarira kana unganyorazve mapurogiramu uye mari. Iri sangano rokutarisira ramaviri (kupfurikidza nezvose zviri zviviri zvibvumiro neapprotherations) zvinoongorora kwazvo mabasa esangano.

Kubatana uye Kushandira Pamwe Muutariri

Matare anoita mibato yokutarisira pawo amene pachawo mudare rakazara kana kuti mudare rimwe kana kuti mudzimwe migariro miduku. Mune zvimwe zviitiko angatsinhiranisawo mibato yawo nemamwe matare (somuenzaniso, kupfurikidza nokubatanidza kutonga pamwe chete pamusoro pefariro imwe). Kana kuti, kuwedzera gadziriro yedare iripo, Imba kana kuti Dare rinogona kutanga kana kuti matare chaiwo okunzvera nhau namasangano, kusimudzira nzwisiso yapachena yeitiro hanya dzenyika, kana kuti kutarisirwa kwenhau idzo dzinobatanidza miganhu mizhinji.

Kutarisira kunobudirira kunowanzoda kushandira pamwe kwematare akawanda nedzinowirirana. Kunzwa kwakabatana uye mashoko okugoverana zvinogona kuvandudza kushanda kwoutarisiri uku zvichideredza kugadzirwa kwebasa. Sarudza matare anopa kuchinjika kunhau dzisingawirirani zvakanaka nematare aripo kana kuti anoda kuongororwa, kuongororwa kwenguva yakaganhurirwa.

Mamwe emashoko anoziviswa zvikurusa mashoko ezvombo zvenyukireya asingazivikanwi zvikurusa kupfurikidza nokusarudza matare kupinda mumhosho huru kana kuti mumabasa ebazu makuru akashaikwa. Zvisarudzo zvenhau inhau dzechinguvana dzinosarudzwa mudare: Kuwana kweChina zvombo zvenyukireya, muna 1999; Iran·Contate, muna 1987; sangano rouchenjeri rinobata zvisina kufanira, muna 1975-1976, uye Watergate. Kunzvera uku kwakakwirira kunoratidzira mano eCongress kutungamirira kwakakomba pakafanira mamiriro ezvinhu.

Zvinetso Nokutsoropodza Kutarisira Kweungano

Vamwe vaongorori vanotaura nezvezvinetso zvinoverengeka zvinogona kuderedza kubudirira kwoutarisiri hwehurumende uye kutungamirira dare, kusanganisira kubvisa urongwa hwemapoka, kusava nezvinhu zvakawanda, kuronga mashoko pakati peCongress nemasangano, uye kurayira kukwikwidzana kwenguva nengwariro.

Kukamukana kwemapoka kunogona kubudirira kana ruzhinji nenhengo dzebato shoma dzichironga zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana kana kuti kana kutarisira kukava chishandiso chokudenha zvematongerwe enyika panzvimbo pokuzvidavirira zvechokwadi.

Kunyange zvazvo masangano anotsigira masangano achibatsira kugadzirisa kusadzikama uku, masangano anogona kuronga nokuronga kuti mashoko aenderane kumativi ose uye kuti ashande zvakanaka.

Kubudirira Kwemazuva Ano uye Kuedza Kuitwa Kwemazuva Ano

Mumakore achangopfuura, nhengo dzeCongress dzakaongorora zvadzakasarudza kuti dzizovandudza mabasa adzo okutarisira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutarisira kugadzirwa kwehurumende yehurumende yeUnited States inotonga.Nzira inoshandiswa nemasangano ehurumende kugadzira, kugadzirisa, kana kuti kudzosera mutemo. Nhamburiko idzi dzemazuva ano dzinoratidza kuti utariri hunofanira kuchinja kuti hugadzirire zvinetso zvepanguva ino.

Dare raizofanira kuyera mhindu dzakasiyana- siyana kudai raizogamuchira chipi nechipi cheidzi chisarudzo. Nepo zvisarudzo zvose zvingagona kuwedzera utariri hwesangano, kutanga basa idzva rokunzvera pamitemo inokarakadzwa, somuenzaniso, ringagona kubatanidza ndyiko dzakawedzerwa nokuda kwavashandi vokuwedzera uye zvimwe zvinogona kutevedzera mabasa esangano aripo. Kudzikamisa betsero dzesimba rokutarisira rakawedzerwa mukupesana nendyiko uye kugona kunyorwa kunoramba kuri denho inopfuurira.

Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvakapa mikana uye zvakakonzera matambudziko okutarisira masangano.Mabhuku emadhigita nemazita anoita kuti pave nokuongororwa kwemabasa esangano, asiwo zvinoita kuti pave nemibvunzo pamusoro pezvakavanzika, kuchengeteka, uye unyanzvi hwevashandi vemibatanidzwa yesangano kuti vaongorore mashoko akaoma kunzwisisa.

Zviito Zvakanakisisa Zvokutarisira Kunobudirira

Kunyange zvazvo pangava nokusabvumirana pamusoro pechinoumba kuti “kuenzana", pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinoratidzika kuva zvinosimudzira kutarisira kunobudirira, kubatanidza: chigaro chedare chakazvipira kuita utarisiri pahwaro hwakasimba, kubatanidzwa kwemitezo yeDare pasinei zvapo nokushandiswa kukuru kwenguva nezviwanikwa, bipartashishi (hwunonyanyoitwa apo mativi ose ari maviri anoshanda pamwe chete panzvimbo pomumwe nomumwe, vashandi vane unyanzvi vane unyanzvi hwokuongorora, mano okuziva nokuwana mashoko anodiwa kubva kumasangano nemamwe manyuko.

Vanasachigaro vanoisa mirayiridzo yedare pakutanga uye vanopa mipiro nenzira inowirirana vanogona kuita kunyatsoongorora uye kutapura. Kuvimbisana kwenhengo kunovimbisa kuti munhu atarisire zvakakwana uye kuti zvakawanwa zvinoshandurwa kuva chiito chomutemo kana zvakakodzera.

Kana vose vari vaviri vachishanda pamwe chete, zvavanowana zvinowedzera simba uye zvingangoita kuti sangano ripedzisire rava kuita zvinhu nokuchinja zvinhu. Partisan anotarisira, anganzi anokurudzirwa nezvamatongerwe enyika uye angakundikana kuzvidavirira zvine chinangwa.

Nyanzvi dzezvirongwa zvebasa dzinogonesa matare kunzwisisa mabasa akaoma, kuziva zvinetso, uye kutanga mishonga inobudirira.

Nguva Yemberi Yokutarisirwa Nemagungano

Kuwedzera kwakaita hurumende kwakawedzera kukosha kwokutarisira asi kuchiita kuti zviome zvikuru nemhaka yokuwanda uye kuoma kwemasangano anoshandiswa.

Unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu, kubatanidza ungwaru hwekugadzirwa uye mashoko akakwirira, zvinopa mikana nedenho nokuda kwokutarisira. Zvishandiso izvi zvinogona kuwedzera mano eCongress okuongorora mabasa esangano nokuona zvinetso, asiwo zvinoda unyanzvi hutsva uye kumutsa mibvunzo mitsva yepamutemo neyetsika.

Ukama huri pakati peCongress nebazi rinotungamirira hunoramba huine simba, nekusawirirana kunopfuurira pamusoro pokuwana mashoko, ropafadzo yokutungamirira, uye ukuru hwechiremera chokutarisira. zvinoitika zvomunguva yemberi muukama ihwohwu zvichaumba kubudirira kwokutarisira musangano negadziriro yakafara zvikuru yenzvero nedzikamo.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kuderera kwemamiriro okunze paIndaneti, kupararira kwezvirwere, uye zvimwewo zvinetso zvakaoma, zvinoda kutarisirwa kugadzirisa zvinhu zvinogona kugadziriswa nemasangano akawanda uye nyika dzakasiyana - siyana.

mhedziso

Kubva panheyo dzebumbiro remitemo dzechiremera chinorehwa kusvika kumitemo yakaita seInspect General Act and Congregational Review, iyi mitemo inogovera Dare midziyo ine simba yokutarisira sangano kuti rizokwanisa kutungamirira sangano racho.

Gadziriro dzinodzikamisa mipimo inokwikwidzana: kugonesa kuongorora kwedare kune simba apo kuremekedza kuzvimirira kwebazu kwakananga, kudzivirira maruramiro emunhu oga apo kunenge kuchivimbisa kujeka kwehurumende, uye kuchengeta kuchinjika apo inenge ichigadza miganhu yapamutemo yakajeka. Iyi dzikamo inoratidzira gadziriro yakafara yebumbiro remitemo yemasimba akaparadzana uye yemipimo.

Kutarisira kunobudirira kunoda kuzvipira kwakasimba, zvinhu zvakakwana, unyanzvi hwebasa, uye kazhinji kazhinji kubatira pamwe kwemabhiparitari.

Sezvo mabasa ehurumende anova akaoma zvikuru uye denho dzinowedzera zvikuru, ukoshi hwetarisiro yesangano inobudirira hunokura bedzi. Gadziriro yapamutemo inoita kuti uku kutarisira inofanira kupfuurira kushanduka, kuchinjira kuruzivo rutsva rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kumuka kwetyisidziro, uye kuchinja zvimiro zvehurumende nepo ichichengeta nheyo huru dzokuzvidavirira, kujeka, uye udzori hwehurumende.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro poutariri hwedare, shanyira Conrional Research Service yenzvero nenzvero kana kuti kunzvera nzvimbo yepabuti yeHofisi yeProvice yeProvice yeGaubhiriti [ kuti uone tarisiro. [[FLT:]] Contion Anconotenced inogovera kunzvera kwakakwana kwePromossociation neromasssworks, nerevertivessss anoshanda zvakanaka vanhu muhurumende inovimbisa kuti vasarukidzei masangano ehurumende.