Kunzwisisa Matanho Akakodzera Mune Zvemari

Apo vatengi vanotarisana nekakavadzano dzemari dzinokakavadzana nekadhi rechikwereti, chikwereti chisingakarirwi, chikanganiso, kana kuti muunganidzwa wechikwereti chemhosva . Nheyo yapamutemo ye muitiro womutemo [ inoshanda sedziviriro yakakomba. Yakavakirwa muRemendementss reFindrometics kuU.S., muitiro wakafanira unoda kuti pamberi pehurumende (kana kuti sangano ripi neripi rinoshanda pasi pechiremera chehurumende) ringatorera munhu upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu, rinofanira kutevera miitiro yakanaka. Munzvimbo yemari, izvi zvinoreva kuti vagamuchire chiito chipi nechipi chakaipa uye kupiwa mukana une rekuzvidzivirira nokuzvidzivirira.

Muitiro wakafanira hausi mutemo mumwe unowirirana nouremu; zvinodikanwa zvawo zvakati zvinosiana zvichitsamira pamashoko akapoteredza. Mukakavadzano dzemari, mapango anowanzobatanidza maruramiro ezvinhu(w), mari, chikwereti, maakaundi, kana kuti mano okuwana pokugara. Pasina gadziriro yakafanira yokudzivirira, vatengi vanogona kuiswa pasi pezvisarudzo zvechisarudzo chamaune nebhangi, vakweretesi vechikwereti, kana kuti kunyange masangano ehurumende. Nyaya ino ino inonzvera kuti muitiro wakafanira unodzivirira sei vatengi, uye matanho anoshanda anogona kutora maruramiro avo.

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo Yemitemo Yegadziriro Yakafanira

Dare reChibvumirano raVaFanderwa Claus reFindremendment reFindrefet Amendment rinoshanda kuhurumende yehurumende, nepo [FLTth Amendment] yechigumi namana inotambanudza dziviriro imwe cheteyo kuhurumende nevomunzvimbomo. Chikamu chacho chine zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana: projectedicrast by'iwiriranisa muitiro wakafanira[[, uyo unodzivirira kodzero dzinokosha dzemari, mutoo wezvikwanikiso zvemari ndiwo mukuru, asi muitiro wakafanira unogonawo kumuka apo mutemo kana kuti mutevedzero unopesana pakodzero dzemari.

Dare repamusorosoro reU.S. rakatanga gadziriro yakapfava yokusarudza kuti muitiroi wakafanira mumugariro wakapiwa. Mu Mathews v. Eldidge [77], Dare rinogadza zvinhu zvitatu zvokudzikamisa: (1) fariro yomunhu oga inotapurwa nechiito chehurumende; (2) ngozi yokurasikirwa nefariro iyoyo nemitoo inoshandiswa, uye ukoshi hunobvira hwedziviriro dzokuwedzera kana kuti dzinotsiva; uye (3) fariro yehurumende, kubatanidza mitoro yemitoro inoshandiswa nemimwe miitiro. Kudzikamiswa uku kunowanzoshandiswa mumiitiro inobatanidza kubviswa kwebetsero yehurumende, asi kupesvedzera kwamaitiro amo mumugariro wehurumende umo masangano ehurumende anobatira muhurumende; uye (3) matare anonzvera mumitengodzo yemitezo yemitero yezvikwereti.

Historical Roots: Goldberg v. Kelly and the Welfare Context

Chimwe chezvisarudzo zvemuitiro wenhau wakagadzwa, Goldberg v. Kelly (1970), akafunga kuti pamberi pokugumisa betsero dzegarikano, hurumende inofanira kugovera kunzwa kwakajeka kumugamuchiri. Nepo mhaka yacho inobata nebetsero yavose, kurangarira kwayo kunoshanda zvakananga kunharo dzemari. Dare rakaziva kuti nokuda kwavanhu vanotsamira pagarikano, kubviswa kwemibayiro kungagona kuva ngwavaira, uye naizvozvo kunzwa kwapamberi kwenguva mberi kwakanga kuri madikanwa kudzivirira kushaiwa mhaka. Iyi nheyo yakatambanurwa kumamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kubatanidza kubhadhara mari, uko kurasikirwa nechikwereti, uko kurasikirwa nechikwereti chebhangi, kana kuti musha kunogona kuva nemiuyo inoparira miuyo inoparira ndangariro ine revoro uye kunzwika nokukurumidza pashure pokuiswa kwemari.

Kufambira Mberi Kwakafanira Pakusawirirana Kwakati Kwemari

Kushuma Kukanganisa Kwechikwereti Nedziviriro DzeFCRA

Fair Curting Reporting Act (FCRA) ndiimwe yemirau inokosha zvikurusa yehurumende inoshandisa nheyo dzakafanira mumari yomutengi. FCRA inoda masangano okushuma chikwereti (Nguva) kuti atevere miitiro ine mufungo kuva nechokwadi chakakwana chinobvira chemishumo yemishumo. Kana mutengi akakakavara chinhu pamushumo wake wechikwereti, CRA anofanira kuitisa mupiki mumazuva 30 uye kuzivisa mupi wemashoko. Mupi wezvinadzidzo anofanira ipapo kunzvera uye kushuma. Kana mashoko acho akawanikwa kuva asina kururama, anofanira kururamiswa kana kuti kubviswa.

Iyi miitiro inopa vatengi maruramiro akananga, anomanikidzirwa kudenha mashoko asina kururama . FCRA inobvumirawo vatengi kunyora sututi nokuda kwokuputsa kwokuregeredza kana kuti kwamaune. Somuenzaniso, kana CRA ikatadza kudzorera kana kuti kufuratira ufakazi hwemhosho, mutengi angava nekodzero yokukuvadza chaikoiko, kuvadziko chaiyo, uye mitero yegweta. Iyi mushonga yapamutemo inovimbisa kuti maruramiro okunzwa ane mazino.

Kupfuurazve kunzverazve, FCRA inoda CRS Kupa vatengi tsananguro yakanyorwa apo chiito chakaipa chinoitwa pahwaro pamushumo wechikwereti(g., kunyimwa kwechikwereti kana kuti mwero wemhindu wakakwirira. Mutengi anofanira kugamuchira zita, kero, uye nhamba yorunhare yeCRA iyo inopa mushumo. Uku kuona kunogonesa vatengi kusimbisa kururama kwamashoko acho uye, kana kuri madikanwa, kutanga gakava. Pasina chiziviso chakadaro, mutengi haasati aizova nenzira yokuziva nayo pamusoro pezvikanganiso kana kuti kuvaruramisa.

Matanho Anoshanda: Kupokanidza Chikanganiso Pamushumo Wako Wechikwereti

Kushandisa maruramiro egadziriro akafanira pasi peFCRA:

  • Wana mishumo yako yechikwereti yegore negore yapachena kubva kuMagupurectory.com.
  • Ziva nhoroondo dzipi nedzipi dzisina kururama, mari yanonoka kubhadharwa, kana kuti zvinyorwa zvevanhu vose.
  • Nyora tsamba yegakava kuCRA (s) yaipa mushumo wacho.
  • Inofanira kuongorora ndokupindura mukati mamazuva 30 kuti ipfuudzire gakava rako kumudziyo wemashoko (muchiito, kambani yemakadhi okutenga nechikwereti kana kuti sangano rokuunganidza mari).
  • Kana gakava rikasapedzwa, ungawedzera kutaura kwegakava kufaro yako (mashoko 100 kana kuti ari pasi) ayo anofanira kubatanidzwa mumishumo yomunguva yemberi.
  • Kana CRA kana kuti mupi wePUPU inoputsa FCRA, unogona kutsvaka zano rapamutemo kana kuti kunyora nyunyuto ne Federal Trade Commission (FTC) kana kuti Consum Financial Protection Bureaution [CFPB]]

Kuunganidza Chikwereti uye Muitiro Wezvikwereti Wakanaka

Fair Fooction Collections Act (FDCPA) inopa vatengi gadziriro dzakafanira dzedziviriro dzakasimba pamiitiro yokuunganidza zvikwereti. Pamberi peFDCPA, vaunganidzi vechikwereti vaigona kutyisidzira, kunetsa, kana kuti kusaremekedza chitsama chemari yaikwereteswa, ichisiya mukana muduku wokudenha kuva nechikwereti. FDCPA inoda vatengi kutumira chiziviso chakanyorwa [ chiziviso chezvikwereti [[ mumazuva mashanu okutanga kukurukura mutengi. Chiziviso chinofanira kubatanidza chitsamiro chechikwereti, zita rechikwereti chapakuvamba, uye kutaura kuti mutengi ane chikwereti mukati mamazuva 30. Kana kukakavanwa kwezvikwereti mumikoro mutero kunofanira kugovera zvikwereti.

Iyi dziviriro yemipimo inoita kuti zvive nechakafanira: cherekedza, banza rokunzwiwa, uye chinodikanwa chisina kwavakarerekera. Kana muteresi wechikwereti akakundikana kuwirirana nejeri (muenzaniso, kupfurikidza nokupfuurira kudana pashure pegakava, kana kuti kupfurikidza nokupa mhaka pasina kuva nechokwadi chakafanira) mutengi angakwirira nokuda kwekuvadziko chaiyoiyo, murairo unokuvadza mari inosvika $6, uye mari yegweta. Uku kurura kwapachivande kwechiito kunoparira sundo ine simba nokuda kwavatengi kuti vatevere miitiro yakarurama.

Kubhangi Kunosunungurwa Nekugadzirwa Kwezvokudya

Mukwereti paanowana chisarudzo uye achitsvaka kuisa pasi mirau yebhangi kana kuti mari inobhadharwa, muitiro wakafanira unoda kuti mutengi agamuchire chiziviso chenguva mberi nebanza rokushora chiito. Mu Fuentes v. Shevin[[FLT]] [1972], Dare rapamusoro rakarova matare ayo anobvumira kubvutiswa kwezvinhu pasina kuzivikanwa kana kuti kunzwa, akabata kuti kunyange kushaiwa zvinhu kwechinguvana kunofanira kutangira nomuitiro wazvo. Nepo kurasikirwa neposveration kuchida kuronge kwapamutemo uye kuzivisa kuva ane chikwereti, dzimwe nyika dzine migariro inoputsa muitiro unodikanwa kana kuti kutonhora mari. Kusaziva kwokusavapo kwechitonge kuchifanira kuva kusingadzokororwa. Kushaiwa mutengo mutengo mari kupfurikidza nokusashanda kwemari.

Vadzidzi Vanobhadharwa Nebetsero Dzehurumende

Mipiro yechikwereti yavadzidzi yeFederal, kubatanidza mari yomubhadharo nedzinobhadharwa mutero, zvinoda hurumende kugovera ziviso nebanza rokudenha misikanzwa isati yaita chiito. MuMusimboti weEducation Act, Department of Education inofanira kutumira ziviso yedonzo rokukumbira kutongwa, kubvumira mukwereti kukumbira kutongwa. Nenzira yakafanana, Social Security Administration inofanira kupa ziviso pamberi pokubvisa betsero nokuda kwokuripirwa kwapa kupfuura. Iyi mipimo yakafanira yokutarisira inoratidzirwa yapamutemo yeziviso nebanza rokunzwiwa.

Mishonga Yokukanganisa Kunoita Zvinhu

Kana sangano rezvemari rikatadza kugovera nzira yakafanira, vatengi vane nzira dzakawanda dzepamutemo dzokushandisa.

  • [ matare emhosva emunhu pasi pemirau yomubatanidzwa (FCRA, FDCPA, Zvokwadi muRuramisiro, zvichingodaro) nokuda kwechaizvo, chirevo, uye zvirango, kubatanidza mitero yegweta.
  • Class chiito chokutonga [ apo mutoo wokupunza unotapura vatengi vazhinji (mutoo., bhitusi rechikwereti rinokundikana nenzira yakarongwa kunzvera makakavadzano).
  • [ nyunyuto dzinodzorwa kuCFPB, FTC, kana kuti gweta rehurumende, izvo zvingaguma nezviito zvokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo, faindi, uye kudzorera.
  • [ Ruyamuro rwekuzvinyima kumisa kuputswa kunopfuurira (muenzaniso, dare rarayira kubvisa ndaza yechikwereti isina kururama kana kuti kurega kunetswa nomukwereti.

Kunokosha kucherekedza kuti dziviriro dzakafanira dzeBumbiro reMitemo dzinoshanda zvakananga bedzi kuvatambi vehurumende. Zvisinei, masangano mazhinji ezvemari avanhu oga anozviisa pasi pemirau inobatanidza nheyo dzinofanira kuitwa, uye muzvimwe zvinoitika, hurumende inogona kupiwa chiremera chokubvumira mufambiro womunhu oga unonyima vatengi muitiro wakafanira (.g., apo matare ehurumende anobvumira kubatwa nepfambi).

Misungo Inowanzoshandiswa uye Nzira Yokuidzivisa Nayo

Pasinei nezvinodzivirira izvi, vatengi vanowanzosangana nematambudziko anenge aita kuti vasaita basa ravo.

  • [[[FT:0] Kuronga miganhu yemisi:[[FT:1] Mahwindo mazhinji egakava mapfupi (mazuva 30 nokuda kwegakava rezvikwereti, mazuva 30 nokuda kwokubvumidzwa kwechikwereti). Kuita nokukurumidza kunotambudza.
  • Mupepa rakakwana: Kutaura kwechikanganiso kusina ufakazi hunotsigira kazhinji kazhinji hakukwani. Vatengi vanofanira kuunganidza kutaura kweakaundi, marekodhi okubhadharisa, mishumo yemapurisa (yokuba kuzivikanwa), uye nyorerano dzipi nedzipi.
  • dare rokupokana rinoita madanho: Kana muteresi wechikwereti akakupomera uye usingapinduri, rutongeso rwapamberi rungapinda, achirasikirwa namaruramiro ako okudzivirira. Kupindura kudare munguva inodikanwa (kazhinji kazhinji mazuva 20-30) kunochengeta maruramiro ako akafanira ebasa.
  • Kusaziva mitemo yako yehurumende: Dzimwe nyika dzinopa dziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru dzetsika kupfuura mutemo wehurumende, zvakadai senharo refu kana kuti kusunungurwa kwokuwedzera mumari. Vatengi vanofanira kunzvera mitemo yedziviriro yehurumende yavo.

Nguva Yemberi Yegadziriro Yakafanira Mumari

Sezvo kutengeserana kwemari kunowedzera paIndaneti, miitiro inoitwa navose inotarisana nedenho itsva. MaSaremori negadziriro dzokuita zvisarudzo zvinodzorwa nemotokari dzinoshandiswa namabhangi namakambani okuwedzera zvingaita zvikanganiso izvo zvakaoma kuziva kana kuti kupokanidza. Somuenzaniso, mutengi wokudzidza muchina angaramba chikwereti chakavakirwa pachinhu chinofungidzirwa chisati chiri pachena kumutengi. Vatsigiri vanopikisa kuti muitiro wakafanira unoda kutsaudzira kana kuti kutadza kutsanangura . [8]]

Imwe nzvimbo iri kubuda kushandiswa kwemashoko anodzosa kodzero yokukwidza mudare. Nepo kutora kusati kuri kurambwa nenzira yomuzvarirwo kwemuitiro wakafanira, kumanikidzwa, kubatanidza nezviito zvekirasi kugona kubvisa nenzira inobudirira vatengi mano okudenha kuputswa kwegadziriro. CFPB yakanzvera mitemo yokuganhurira zvitsauko zvakadaro mubvumirano dzemari. Vatengi vanofanira kusanorava bvumirano ipi neipi yokubatanidza vasati vasaina, uye kurangarira kana vari kupa kodzero dzinokosha dzemitemo.

Mugumisiro: Kupiwa Simba Nokuziva

Muitiro wakakodzera unopfuura mubatanidzwa webumbiro remitemo unopfuura chinyorwa chemitemo, idziviriro inoshanda inodzivirira vatengi pazviito zvemari zvisina mufungo. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa miitiro inofanira kuteverwa, mishonga yapamutemo inowanika, uye nhano dzokuita apo makakatanwa anomuka, vanhu vanogona kudzivirira nechivimbo kodzero dzavo. Kana uri kubata nemhosho yechikwereti, mutengi anonetsa mukweretesi, kana kuti bhangi risina kururama, yeuka kuti une kodzero yokucherekedza uye kunzwa kwakarurama. Mutemo uri kurutivi rwako, asi kana bedzi uchishandisa.

Kana unodavira kodzero dzako dzakakodzera kuitwa dzakatyorwa, rangarira kubvunza negweta rinodzivirira mutengi kana kuisa nyunyuto ne FFB. Nokuda kwemashoko akawanda pamusoro pekodzero dzako pasi peFCRA, shanyira FC] Nhevedzo yeFC . Nokuda kwokunzwisisa kukuru zvikuru muitiro wakafanira wemitemo, [[FLT:] Connell Information Institute yemitemo yeFLD inogovera mashoko akaisvonaka. Simba rimene nezivo inokutungamirira iwe umene [[FLT] ichinhu chakasimba remari.