Muuyo Weripple: Kuumba Kunoita Muitiro Wokumwe weAustralia Kodzero Dzevapoteri Mhiri Kwezvitsuwa zvePacific

Nzvimbo yeAustralia neuremu hwemari zvinoiita simba guru munharaunda yePacific. Zvisarudzo zvayo zvemitemo yokumwe zvinobatanidza kudzorwa kwemuganhu nenzvimbo yehuvanze (8) zvine miuyo mikuru, kazhinji kazhinji isingakarirwa nokuda kwekodzero negarikano yevapoteri navatsvaki venzvimbo yokupotera vakaitwa mumarudzi ePacific Island. Kwemakumi amakore, Australia yakabvisa kumira kwayo yokutama kuvavakidzani vakadai saNauru, Papua New Guinea (PNG), uye Tuvalu, ichiita urongwa hwakaoma hwekodzero dzemitemo, dzomutsaidzani, uye zvinetso zvemigariro. Kunzwisisa ikoku kunoda kunzvera midzi yenhau yokusvika kweAustralia, maruramiro chaiwo avanhu akacherekedza pavhu, uye zviito zvomunharaunda izvo zvingaumba nguva yemberi yevapoteri muPacific.

Pamavambo payo, kupindirana kwemiitiro yokumwe yeAustralia nekodzero dzevapoteri vePacific Island inhau yesimba. Pacific Islands, nepo nyika dzine chiremera, inoshanda mukati mechinhu chaichoicho chenyika chinopesvedzerwa zvikuru neyamuro yeAustralia, kutengeserana, uye chengeteko. Apo Canberra anochinja chimiro chayo nejenatsi kudzoresa kana kuti migwagwa inokudzwa yemutsa yakura inopfuura nharaunda yacho, ichitapura kwete bedzi vanhu vakabatwa zvakananga asiwo mavara enzanga akakwirira uye zvivako zvenzanga zvenyika dzinovakwa.

Nheyo Dzenhau Dzakatangira: Kutadza Kuchengeta Mari Kure Nemhenderekedzo

Kugadzirwa kwegadziriro yemazuva ano yevapoteri yePacific yeAustralia kunogona kurondwa kusvika pakupera kwama1990 uye kutanga kwama 2000, apo nhamba yavatsvaki veutiziro vanosvika neigwa yakawedzera. Mumhinduro, Australia yakasuma “Pacificial Solution” pasi poMutungamiriri weHurumende John Howard, ichivharira chikepe mugungwa uye ichiendesa vatakurwi vavo kunzvimbo dzinochengeterwa Nauru neManus Island (Papua New Guinea). Iyi nzira yakavavarira kudzivisa kusvika kwomunguva yemberi kupfurikidza nokubvisa sundo ipi neipi yokuita nzendo dzine ngozi dzengarava, asi yakabvisawo nenzira inobudirira misengwa yepamutemo yeAustralia pasi peKokorodzano yeVashanyi veAustralia mu 1951 avo vakanga vakachengetwa pamhenderekedzo yegungwa.

Mumakumi maviri amakore akatevera, muitiro wacho wakashanduka asi wakachengeta pfungwa yawo huru yokudzivisa. nharaunda dzinogadzira zvinhu dzekunze kwegungwa yakava rutivi rwechigarire rwekuchengetwa kwokutama kweAustralia, pasinei zvapo noufakazi hunowedzera hwekuvadziko. Hurumende dzeAustralia dzakabudirira (zose zviri zviviri Borth and Coalition) dzakachengeta kuti matanho aya akanga ari madikanwa kudzivisa rufu mugungwa uye kudzivirira miganhu yenyika. Bva masangano ekodzero dzavanhu, kubatanidza United Nations Human Rights Commote Commote, akatsoropodzazve mamiriro ezvinhu, kuchengetwa kwokusakafanira kwezvokurapa, uye kuderera kwepfungwa dzekuvharirwa kwezvipfuvakwa kusingafi.

2013 Regional Reparesion Application pakati peAustralia nePNG urongwa hwakadzikazve, ichizivisa kuti mutsvaki wenzvimbo yehuvanze aizochinjirwa kuManus Island uye zvimwe aizopiwa nzvimbo yevapoteri ndokudzorwazve muPNG kana kuti kudzokera kumusha. Ikoku nenzira inobudirira kwakaita PNG kuva mugamuchiri wechigarire wevapoteri weAustralia akaramba kugamuchira. Chibvumirano chakafanana neNauru yakatevera, kuumba gadziriro inowirirana umo vapoteri vakanga vasina dziviriro dzapamutemo idzo vangadai vakafarikanya muvhu reAustralia.

Nokuda kwenhambo ine udzame yeizvi zvinoitika, Refugee Council yeAustralia inogovera kupeta kusvikwa kumativi ePacific Solution nemamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika ayo akaitsigira.

Mutengo Wavanhu: Kuputswa Kwamaruramiro Nemitoro Yoruwa

Miganhu Pakudzivirirwa Nepamutemo uye Kuitwa Kwakafanira

Chimwe chetapuro dzakananga zvikurusa dzemitemo yeAustralia pavapoteri muPacific chave chiri kuderera kwokusvika kumiitiro yapamutemo. Vatsvaki vaAsylmu vakachinjirwa kuNauru kana kuti Manus Island vakatarisana negadziriro yeBrinthine umo vakanga vakaganhurirwa mukana wokupa zvavaida. Yamuro yemitemo yakanga iri duku, uye matare eAustralia akanga asina simba panzvimbo dzemhenderekedzo yegungwa. Mugumisiro wacho wakanga uri muitiro uyo, mukuwirirana ne Free Rights Watch, akasiya vanhu munzvimbo yachena pamutemo yakarongwa pasi pomutemo weAustralia kana kuti akavimbisa dziviriro yose yevhu renyika inochengetedzwa.

Vapoteri vazhinji vakapedza makore vari mutorongo vasina kutsunga kwokupedzisira kwenzvimbo yavo. Mumuenzaniso, zvivako zvepamutemo zvehurumende zvakatamburira kubata kuwanda kwezvikumbiro, kuchitungamirira kukunonoka kwenguva refu. Kunyange pashure pokuzivikanwa savapoteri muKokorodzano ya 1951, vanhu vaiwanzoramba vakasungwa nemhaka yokuti zvisarudzo zvenzvimbo yazvo zvakanga zviri zviduku kana kuti zvisina kuvapo . Dare repamusoro rePNG pakupedzisira rakazivisa musimbo wokuchengetera weManus Island nortitugate mu2016, richiraira kuvharwa kwaro, asi ikoku kwakatungamirira kukutamisirwa kwanyongano kwevapoteri kunzvimbo yavanhu kunzvimbo yaishaiwa mabasa makuru ayo aipfuurira kwemakore.

Migumisiro Youtano Hwomuviri Nehwepfungwa

Migariro iri mukati menzvimbo dziri kure nemhenderekedzo yegungwa yakasanotaurwa nenyanzvi dzezvokurapa navanyori venhau. Chirango chokunyanyowandisa, kushaikwa kwoungwandangwanda, utsanana husingasviki, uye kusakwanisa kusvika kuunyanzvi hwokurapa kwakaparira njodzi yendangariro. Mishumo inobva ku Australian Medical Association yakaratidza mwero yakakwirira yokuora mwoyo, vhiringidziko yepashure pedzvinyiriro, uye kuzviparadzanisa pakati pavatapa. Kuparadzaniswa kwokuva kure nemhuri, tsigiro yapamutemo, uye nzanga hurusaidzokorodza iyi.

MuNauru, kuhwirudzurwa kwakaitwa nehurumende yeAustralia muna 2018 ( “Moss Review”) kwakawana kuti vana vari muusungwa vakaratidzirwa“ migariro yendangariro yekare neyoutano husingaperi,” kubatanidza pfungwa dzokuzviuraya. Pasinei zvapo neidzi dzidzo, Australia yakapfuurira kuendesa mhuri kuchitsuwa kutozosvikira muna 2019, apo mwana wokupedzisira akabviswa mudzvinyiriro yamarudzi ose. Kuvakura, kuvadziko yendangariro yakanonoka: vazhinji vakasunungurwa mukusungwa munzanga paNauru vakaramba vakavhiringidzika zvikuru, vachiwana mukana wakaganhurirwa wokupa zano kana kuti mapurogiramu okubatanidza vanhu.

Kuwanda kwevagari vemo vemuNauru uye kushayikwa kwezvirongwa zvemishonga zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvigovere kurapa kwevana vanorwara, kubereka, uye kubatsira kukurumidzira kuvapoteri vaingogara vapoteri vaipfuura vanhu vemo.Australia yakagovera mari, asi vatsoropodzi vakati zvakanga zvisina kukwana kusvitsa zvinodiwa neboka rakavhiringidzika.

Kunetsa Kwenzanga Nekwezvamatongerwe Enyika Pamarudzi Ane Vagari

Gadziriro dzokumwe dzeAustralia hadzina bedzi kutapura vapoteri vamwe navamwe asi dzakagadziridzawo mugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika nenzanga wePacific Island. Kugamuchira nzvimbo dzokuchengetera dzeAustralia kwakaunza yamuro yemari nengwariro yamarudzi ose, asi kwakawanawo kutsoropodzwa kubva kumasangano ekodzero dzavanhu nenzanga dzomunzvimbomo dzakavhiringidzwa. KuNauru, kudirana kwavashandi vokumwe (vachengeti, vaturikiri vama) kwakashandura upfumi hwemo ndokuparira kusawirirana nevagari vemo avo vamene vairangarira kuti mabasa avo vamene aiiswa muvarwi. MuPNG, Manus Island yakava nzvimbo yokuramba yomunzvimbomo, navamiri vemi venyika navatungamiriri venzanga vachipanikira maruramiro ouchangamire hwenzvimbo yokumwe nzvimbo yokunze dzinochengetwa dzokunze dzinobatira kunze kwenyika.

Uyezve, zvibvumirano zvakabatanidza hurumende dzakagamuchirwa nemitemo yadzakanga dzine simba duku rokuchinja. Nauru naPNG vaisagona kusunungura vasungwa kana kuti kuchinja miitiro yokushanda pasina kuisa mungozi ukama neCanberra. Kutsamira kwaiganhurira mano avo okutsigira mipimo yekodzero dzevanhu iyo vangadai vakashandisa. United Nations Special Rapporteur pakodzero dzavanhu dzavatami, mumushumo [[FLT:] 2017, wakarondedzera kugadzirwa kwemhenderekedzo yegungwa sekuputsa mibatanidzwa yamarudzi akawanda, kubatanidza Convention Against Torture, uye kuti varwi vaitaura kuti vakanga vari vanotsigira muuku kuputsa uku.

Kubudirira Kwemazuva Achangobva Kupfuura: Kuchinja Madhindindi Kana Mabhizimisi Semashandiro Aanoita Here?

Murwi weManus Island Nemhindumupindu yaNauru

Chinjo hurusa yokuvhara yamakore achangobva kupfuura yakanga iri kuvakwa kweManus Island muna 2017, kutevera chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa rePNG. Vapoteri vakatamisirwa kunzvimbo dzinotakurwa uye ipapo kudzimba dzenzanga muPort Moresby, asi migariro yakaramba iri mungozi. Vazhinji vakava nekuva nedzimba dzisina kutsarukana, zvokudya zvisina kukwana, uye tyisidziro dzechisimba kubva kuvagari vomunzvimbomo vakavabatanidza noutsotsi. Pakasvika 2022, Australia yakanga yadzorera nhamba duku yevapo muUnited States mukuwirirana nebatano, asi mazana akagara muPNG nemisikanzwa isina kujeka. Panguva ino, Nauru yakabviswa panzvimbo huru inoendeswa kunzvimbo inoshandira nharaunda, nhamba dzakaderera pashure pokutumira vanhu vatsva muAustralia mu2014. Zvisinei, Stockhorces, uye mishumo yakaramba ichiwanika pashure pamakore akati kuti avapo.

Muna 2021, hurumende yeAustralia yakazivisa kuti yaisazoshandisazve kugadzirwa kwengarava dziri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa nokuda kwokusvika kweidzokeri, ichibvuma nenzira inobudirira kuti muitiro wakanga wakundikana kudzivisa kushanda kwokunyepedzera chikepe ($8] nhamba yezvikepe yave iri pedyo nero kubvira muna 2014, kwete nemhaka yokudzivisa, asi nemhaka yezvibvumirano zvengarava zvinodenha zvechinjo nezvibvumirano zvezvibvumirano zvezvikepe neIndonesia. Asi ichi chiziviso hachina kukurumidza kupedza jambwa weavo vatogara vari paNauru kana kuti muPNG. argoo[FLT]] nokuda kwavanhu ava vakapfuurira, nezvibvumirano zvitsaruso zvakaganhurirwa.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwomunharaunda Kana Kuti Kuvimbika Kwakasimbiswa Here?

Australia yakabatanidza nenzira inowedzera kuvimbisana kwayo kwePacific kupfurikidza nerenje rechengeteko yenharaunda nokubudirira. 2018 Boera Declaration napashure pezvitsuwa zvePacific Forum zvakasimbisawo kugoverana mutoro nokuda kwokutungamirira kwekutama. Mumadaro, ikoku kwakareva kuti Australia inotsigira mari yenharirire dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa nepurogiramu dzekodzero dzemuganhu muFiji, PNG, neSolomon Islands, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji yairuramisa sokurwisa kutengesa vanhu uye utsotsi hwapambudzo. Nepo idzi nhamburiko dzaivawo nevavaki vapo vapaki venzvimbo dzapa chengeteko vaidzo vakanga vari tyisidziro huru kuti vachengeteko kuti vadzorwe, panzvimbo pekudzivirirwa maruramiro ekodzero dzavanhu.

Kurutivi rwakanaka, Australia yakawedzera vhiza yayo yomutsa nokuda kwavagari vePacific Islands vabviswa nokuchinja kwemamiriro okunze (/a akaparadzana asi nhau yakafanana. .Pacifica Australia Labour Monilitity (PALM) chirongwa che [[FLM:1] uye [[FLT]P] Pacificial Transation Visament [] yakavhura nzira zechigarire dzevagari venyika dzePacific. Zvisinei, purogiramu idzi dzinobvisa pachena vapoteri munyika dzisiri dzePaccifics idzo dzakanga dzasiyiwa munharaunda inowirirana nemitemo yeAustralia. Kusadzikana kwakatikana kutiza kuNaru yakadzorwa kure kure kundokusvikira kuNaru kunogara kunzvimbo yeFirgan anoshanda nokuda kwechians.

Kudzvinyirirwa Kwamarudzi Ose Nenharo Dzechinjo Dzomudzimba

Muna 2023, Dare reInternational Court of Justice (kupfurikidza nemirangariro yekodzero dzevanhu) uye Dare reUN Rekodzero dzevanhu rakabudisa zviwanwa zvokuti Australia yakanga yaputsa misengwa yayo pasi peSangano reNyika Yose reChiviko Nekodzero dzePolitiki nokukundikana kugovera mishonga inobudirira kuvarwi vepamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Pasinei zvapo neizvi, hurumende yeAustralia yakadzivisa kutaura nezvokubhadharwa uye haina kubvisa tariro yokudzosera kuvapoteri mudzimba dzavo.

Mukati meAustralia, murangariro wavose wachinja zvishoma nezvishoma. Mimwe mitezo yeParamende kubva kuBaleki neGreens yakadai se Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law yakasvetukira nokuda kwokuchinja kwemitemo, ichitaura kuti kugadzirwa kwemhenderekedzo yegungwa hakushandi uye hakunei unhu. Mimwe mitezo yeParamende kubva kuSty Par Party neGreens yakadana kuti mutongo upere, asi Liberal-National nzanga yeS caucus inoramba yakatendeka kuchengetedza kuvaka kana kutama kwenguva isingachinjiki. Somuuyo, hapana chinjo huru iri pedyo, inosiya vapoteri vasara muPacific mumuitiro wokuchengeta.

Chiono Cheramangwana: Kumuitiro Wekodzero Dzakawanda wePacific Here?

Kugarazve Somukotsi Wehosha

Chinodikanwa chapakarepo zvikurusa chomutsa inzvimbo yavapoteri vakakangwa muNauru nePNG. United States yakabvuma kugamuchira vamwe mugadziriro yokuchinja, asi nhamba iduku. New Zealand yakazvipira kutora 150 vapoteri gore negore chifo cha 2013, asi Australia yakavhara kutya kwaingaparira “suo repfupi” raizokurudzira vasviki vezvikepe zvakawanda. Iri bhero angapfaviswa nokuchinja kwehurumende kana kuti dzvinyiriro yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa.

Kunyepedzera Mumba uye Njodzi

MuAustralia, Dare Rapamusoro harisati ratonga pamusoro pokuvanzwa kwebumbiro remitemo kusingachinjiri kure nemhenderekedzo nokuda kwaavo vakawanikwa kuva vapoteri asi vasingagoni kudzorerwa kumusha. Kana dare raizogadza ganhuriro yenguva pakusungwa, raizomanikidza hurumende kusunungura vanhu munzanga yeAustralia kana kuti kuwana chigadzikiso chinokurumidza. Munguva ino, mhaka imwe neimwe mumatare eNauru amene iri kugadza zvishoma nezvishoma boka retsika iro ringagona kusunda hurumende yeNauru kugovera migariro iri nani kana kuti kubvumira vapoteri kutama vakasununguka.

Mhepo Yemamiriro Okunze Nenzvimbo Dzinochengeterwa Magariro Dzakarerekera muPacific

Sezvo kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunowedzera kufamba mukati mePacific, musiyano pakati pe “pokupotera” ne“ vatami” ungava wakajeka. Kupindura kwemitemo yokumwe yeAustralia nokuda kwokubviswa kwenzvimbo dzokunze neyamuro yenzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzepasi nenzvimbo dzepasi nepasi nepasi pevhu (kupfurikidza neyamuro yenjodzi), uye zvirongwa zvokushanda) zvaigona kugadza muenzaniso mukuru wokuti inobata sei vanhu vose vakabviswa munyika mavo. Kuziva kodzero dzevanhu vose vanotama, pasinei nokuti vasvika sei, kungava nhano inokosha. Nenzira yakapesana, kana Australia ikaramba ichibata kutama kwePacific neFoch neFocking, nhaka yegwehestries, ingangopfuurira.

Basa Rehurumende dzePacific Island

Vatungamiriri vePacific Island vakawedzera kuva vane tsiye nyoro mumakore achangobva kupfuura. Pacific Islands Forum’s 2050 Strategy for the blue Pacific Contension vanosimbisa uchangamire hweruwa nechiito cheboka. Vamwe vatungamiriri vePacific, zvikurukuru aichimbova Mutungamiriri weNauru Baron Waqa, akadzivirira nzvimbo seratidziro youshamwari neAustralia. Asi manzwi matsva, akadai seayo akabva Fiji neKiribati, akabvunza kana nzvimbo dzokuchengetera zvivako zvinowirirana nekodzero dzavanhu. Kana Pacific ichida pamwe chete kuti migariro iri nani kana kuti kuramba kuvandudza zvibvumirano, Australia ichamanikidzwa kugadziridza.

Mugumo: Mutoro weAustralia Nokutsigira Munharaunda

Muitiro wokumwe weAustralia wakasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki pakodzero dzevapoteri muPacific Islands .Ichiratidzo chinoratidzirwa nokusungwa, kujekeswa kwapamutemo, uye kutambura kwendangariro. Kugadzirwa kwemhenderekedzo yegungwa, nepo kwakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kutama kusina kufanira, kwakaparira ndyiko dzakakomba pavanhu vakabatwa mukati maro napanyika dzinogamuchirwa idzo dzakava vamiriri vomuganhu weAustralia. Pasinei zvapo nechinjo dzinowedzera((8closurence of Manus Island, nhamba dzakaderedzwa muNauru, uye kushandira pamwe chete kwenharaunda inokudzwa jiro yezvivako dzinoramba dziripo, dzichisiya vapo vashomanene asi vane vapoteri vari mudavi.

Kufambira mberi, Australia ine zvose zviri zviviri simba retsika nomutoro wokutungamirira gadziriro yenharaunda iyo inoisa dziviriro panzvimbo yesimba. Ikoku kungabatanidza chinzwano chapachokwadi chokuzvidzora, tarisiro youtano yakakwana netsigiro yapamutemo nokuda kwaavo vachiri munharaunda yacho, uye chinjo huru kukubata vanhu vari kufamba savachengeti vekodzero panzvimbo petyisidziro. Pacific Islands, kunodaro kwavo, inopfuurira kubatira pamwe inodzikamiswa pakati pouchangamire nokutsamira, asi chivimbo chavo chinokura chemiitiro yehurumende yeAustralia chinokarakadza kuti havasati vachizoramba vari vagamuchiri vekodzero dzehurumende yeAustralia nokusingaperi.

Nyaya yavapoteri muPacific haisati ichingova bedzi pamusoro pomuitiro weAustralia — kuri pamusoro pokusimba norudzi rwomunhu rwavanhu avo vakatiza migariro isingafungidziriki, asi kuzviwana vamene vakabatanidzwa munhamba dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzepasi dzinopfuura kure kure zvadzo.