Kukwira kwokukurumidza kwemirau inoyera nokuratidza. Kuchinja kwemitemo yemari kwakaparira hurumende munyika yose kuvamba gadziriro dzemitemo. Nheyo huru inotungamirira idzi nhamburiko ndi yokukurumidza, iyo inovimbisa muitiro wokutonga kwakarurama uye kwakajeka. Kuda kuti chiito chipi nechipi chehurumende chinotapura vanhu kana kuti mabhizimisi (zvikurukurukuru izvo zvinobatanidza kodzero dzepfuma kana kuti rusununguko rwemari) chitevere miitiro yakagadzwa, kubatanidza chiziviso, mukana wokunzwiwa, uye kuisa kusasarura chisarudzo. Mumashoko echirongwa chokunyora mashoko echitsoro, mamiriro ezvinhu enguva yemberi, mamiriro ezvinhu akafanira okutarisira nokudzivirira vanhu kana kuti mabhizimisi kubva pakudzora. Nyaya iyi inonzvera kudzo dzamatongedzerwa kwakasiyana - siyana pakuteverwa kwemitemo, mamiriro ezvinhu emitemo, kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu emitemo, uye kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu enguva yemberi, kutevera.

Kunzwisisa Maitirwo Ezvinhu Akakodzera Pakudzokororwa

Muitiro wakafanira inheyo yapamutemo yakavakirwa mukururama, inoda zviremera kutevera miitiro yakatangwa pamberi pokuisa mitemo kana kuti zvirango. Inodzivirira vanhu namabhizimisi pazviito zvokuzvidira kupfurikidza nehurumende. Mumutemo wehurumende, muitiro wakafanira unowanzooneka kupfurikidza ne nouniversitice-omssion kuisa mitemo [, umo masangano anobudisa mitemo inokarakadzwa, kumbira mupikiso wavose, uye pindura kutsinhiro dzinokosha pamberi pemiraudzo yokupedzisira. Iyi dziviriro yapamutemo inowanzova inovimbisa kuti miraudzo haisi bedzi yapamutemo asi inoziviswa nemirangariro yakasiana, iyo inonyanyova inodenha zvikuru muchikamu chinoumbwa nokukurumidza kufanana neapote.

Dziva Repamutemo

Munyika dzakawanda, muitiro wakafanira unopinzwa mumutemo webumbiro-mitemo. Inoraira kuti murairo upi noupi unotapura maruramiro kana kuti zvinhu unofanira kuitwa kupfurikidza negadziriro inoruramisira, kubatanidza ziviso, kunzwa, uye banza rokupindura. MuUnited States, Gadziriro dzeFita ne 145 dzinovimbisa kuti hakuna munhu achanyimwa upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti chinhu chisina muitiro wakafanira womutemo. Mubatanidzwa weProcediture Act (A) inogadzazve zvinodikanwa zvemasangano ehurumende, zvakadai seSaucity ne Exchange (SEC) nePromssion Commentsssss (T) zvinobatanidza mikana yePromspocritures (FC), kana kuti youmbiso), apo anopinda mukuita kana kuti zvitekoso. MuEuropean Union Union, Rheard Reast Readers Requences Relationstions, dzinonzwawon migariro yemitemo yemitemo yavose nokuda kwemitenziyo.[5][3][3]

Kutapura Kudzokororwa Kwenzwisiso

Kushandisa muitiro wakafanira kumirano yokusatendeseka kune zvose zviri zviviri betsero nedenho. Iro rinovimbisa kuti mirau haisati iri yokuzvidira, ichisimudzira chivimbo pakati pavashandisi navaronzesi. Zvisinei, rudzi runokurumidza rwezvinhu zvemitemo runowanzorwisana nemiitiro yapamutemo yamagamuchidzanwa, iyo inogona kuva inononoka uye inonetesa. Simba romuitiro wakafanira rinogona kucherekedzwa mumativi anoverengeka: kugadza mitemo, kuisa pamutemo, uye kunyoresa kana kuti mitoo yokunyoresa.

Kutonga Nokutora Rutivi Rworuzhinji

Gadziriro yakafanira inoda kuti masangano anotungamirira ape mikana ine revo yavose asati agamuchira mitemo inowirirana. Munzvimbo inodzorwa, izvi zvakatungamirira kunhambo dzakafara dzokurangana. Somuenzaniso, mutemo unokarakadzwa pamusoro pekuchengetwa kwepfuma yemitemo yemari unobatanidza nguva yetsinhiro 60, apo vatengi vemaindasitiri, mafemu emitemo, uye mapoka ezvokuyera dzidzo anopiwa mazana etsinhiro. Nenzira yakafanana, Hurumende yeEurope yeSacrities neMarks Aguements (ESMA) dzakatanga kukurukurirana navose mukati mekubudirira kwezviteshinasss muCrypto-Aset Regivement (MA), achibvumira vatori vemiteshina kuti vagadziri vemiteo yemite yemiteorejicha yemite yemiteorejicha.

Kumanikidza Zviito Negadziriro Yakafanira

Apo vadzori vanounza zviito zvokushandisa zvinenge zvisitongorina kurwisana namabhizimisi akavanzika kana kuti vanhu vamwe navamwe, muitiro wakafanira unoda kuti vagamuchire ziviso yakajeka yekuputswa kunofungidzirwa, kunzwa zvakanaka pamberi pomuiti wechisarudzo asingasaruri, uye maruramiro okupa ufakazi nemhedheni. Kutarisira kwokudzivisa kurwisana namakambani akadai seRipple Labs na Coinbase yakasimbisa kusawirirana pakati pomuitiro wakafanira uye nzira yesangano kuiswa nayo zvinhu zvamazati. Mumutengidziro wemitengi inoparira kuti C] v. Rivell Labs mhaka, dare kana SEAC yakagovera chiziviso kuti kutengesa kwakarurama. Chigano chamatongedzero chasimbisa kuti vatsigiriki vanoraira kuti vanokwanisa kutengesa zvinhu.

Kunyoresa Nokunyoresa

Miganhu mizhinji inoda kutsinhana kwokusainwa, vachengeti, uye mimwe migove yemitemo inodokuva kuti iwane marezereze. Muitiro unoraira kuti zvisarudzo zviitwe nenzira yakajeka, inowanika pachena uye kuti vakwidzi vagamuchire zvisarudzo zvenguva yakafanira nezvikonzero. Somuenzaniso, gadziriro yeNew York yeBitLicensenense yakashorwa nokuda kwomuitiro wayo wokushandisa wakajeka, ichitungamirira kukupa kudare muitiro wakafanira wokuputsa. Musiano, Saproroary Aguever of Singapore (MAS) yakavaka mukurumbira nokuda kwezvirongwa zvinooneka zvakanaka pasi pechibvumirano, kubudisa nhungamiro inodzokororwa nokusanwa. Iyi misiyano inodzo inodzo inodzorwa zvikuru yebhizimisi.

Kuongorora Nyaya Mugadziriro Yezvirwere uye Kudzokororwa Kwehosha

United States: Kutonga uye Kumanikidzwa

Sayenzi neKomishoni yeExchange yashandisa mubato wakakodzera mukuita mitemo, ichida nguva dzetsinhiro dzavose dzisati dzashandisa mitemo mitsva pamafashoni. Zvisinei, SEC yakatarisanawo netsoropodzo nokuda kwekudzorwa kwayo "kudzikamisa nokudzikamisa", apo inounza zviito mukurwisana nemasangano pasina kutanga kuisa mitemo yakajeka. Muna 2023, SEC yakakarakadza rondedzero itsva ye "icer" ingagona kubatanidza mitemo inodzorwa zvakanaka (Di) inobatanidza mitemo inodzorwa zvakanaka, ichinyandura nguva yayo yokutsinhirana. Munguva ino, mukupindura muitiro wakafanira, mapoka akati eindasitiri akakumbira SEC kuti atange mutemo pamite yourongwa hwemitengo yemitengo. Kushairwa kwematare akajeka zvakajeka kuti ashandise muitiro unoenderana nenhau yedare remitemo, kubudisa kusava kusava nechokwadi.

Union yeEuropean: Vatengesi muCrypto-Aset (MiCA)

Dare reEU's Markts in Crypto-Assets (MICA) rinosimbisa kubvumira kuona nokuvimbisana kwebasa, kuwiriraniswa nemitemo yakakodzera. MICA yakatangwa kupfurikidza nomuitiro wemitemo wemakore akawanda unobatanidza European Commission, Pelamente yeEurope, uye Council, ine miraudzo yavose. Inobatanidza gadziriro dzekubvumira kubvumira vatarisiri vebasa vakagadzwa, kuraira zviremera zvinokwanisa kubudisa zvisarudzo mukati menguva yakarondedzerwa uye kugovera zvikonzero zvokuramba. MiCA inogadzawo maruramiro okukwirira zvisarudzo zvinodzorwa. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza muitiro wokuvakazve, MiCA inoronga kuita ganhuriro yakatsinhirana yemhoteredzo nedziviriro. Zvisinei, kugadziridza kuoma sezviremera zvenyika zvinobudirira kuti zvienderane nezvirongwa zvavo zvitsva.

Japan: Mureri Wokutanga Ane Ricens Yakajeka

Japan yakanga iri imwe yenyika yokutanga kudzora kudzorwa kwemiitiro yemari inodzorwa nokudzorwa kwePrejunice Services, yakaitwa pashure pekuputsika kweMT. Gox. Chiito chacho chinoda kutsinhana kuti zvinyoreswe neHofisi yeMaricial Service Agency (FSA) uye kuti zviwirirane nezvinodiwa zvinoshanda naAML/KYC. FSA inotevera muitiro wakakodzera mukudzorwa nokutarisirwa kwayo, kubatanidza pakunzverwa kwemirayiro, uye mikana yokuchinjana kuti itsinhane zvisati zvatangwa. Iyi nzira yakarumbidzwa nokusimudzira musika unochengetedzwa muJapan, kunyange zvazvo ichiparirawo kutendwa kunotendwa. Miitiro inodikanwa yakaedzwa muzvinoitika apo kutsinhana FSA, nemiitiro yokudzo inodzo inodzorwa inowanika.

Singapore: Kusvika Kwakadzikama Negadziriro Yakafanira Yakasimba

Monetary Authority yeSingapore (MAS) yakazvigadza imene senzvimbo inotungamirira nokuda kwechinjo dzemitengo yemitemo muMutemo wePrecial Services. MAS inoda rezenisi nokuda kwemibato yemichina yokuripa yemipimo yemipimo uye yakabudisa nhungamiro dzine udzame pamusoro pemipimo yokuva nokwazvo, dzakakodzera nemitemo yakafanira, uye mipimo. Muitiro weThonjedzo unobatanidza tsinhiro yavose nokuda kwechinjo huru, uye MAS kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inogovera zvikonzero zvakajeka zvokuramba kana kuti kuvhara. MaS anoshandisa nzira ye "fashoni" nokuda kwokuedza kwepinzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva, uko kunobvumira kudzorwa kwezvitadzo nokuda kwezviito zvakafanira zvavatori. Iyi muenzaniso yakarumbidzwa nokuda kwokuoneka kwayo uye yakakwevera mafemu dzakawanda dzezvirongwa muSingapore muSingapore muSingapore.

Zvitsuwa zveCayman neBermuda: Ngwarira Paurongwa Hwoutongi Hwoutere

Mativi maduku akazvimisa amene samaparera eshamwari, akadai seCayman Islands ne Bermuda, anosimbisawo muitiro wakafanira mugadziriro dzawo dzokurongazve. Masangano eRegital Asset Business Act eBermuda kukumbira kukumbira kuratidzira kudzora kwenzwi nemipimo inoshanda, ne Bermuda Monetary Guement (BMA) iri kubudisa marezenisi pashure pokunzvera kwakakwana. BMA inogovera zvikumbiro neziviso dzetsika dzeperero uye mukana wokupedza pamberi pokuramba. Idzi dziviriro dzeprocedural dzinobetsera kuvaka chivimbo navatengidzi vemi vemitengi venyika yose avo vanganzwisisa nenzira isipo muganhu sechipfupi. Zvisinei, izvi zviremera zvinofanirawo kudzikamisa mamiriro ezvinhu akafanira kukurumidza kupindura mungozi dzokukurumidza muindasi yeindasitiri.

Zvinetso Zvokuita Kana Zvaitika Panenge Pataurwazve

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwayo, kushandisa muitiro wakafanira muchadenga chinotenderera nokukurumidza chinotarisana nemhinganidzo, dzakadai seidzi:

  • Kukurumidza kwemichina mitsva yeruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu: Kuisa mitemo kwamagamuchidzanwa kunotora mwedzi kana kuti makore, nepo misika yemafashoni inogona kuchinja mumazuva. Kumirira muitiro wakazara kungabvumira kuvadziko kuungana mitemo isati yavapo.
  • misiyano yepasi renyika: mipimo inodikanwa kugadziridza inosiana zvikuru. Mune dzimwe zviremera zvehurumende dzinodzorwa, zviito zvokutungamirira ndezvokuzvidira uye hazviratidziki, zvichiita mwero inopesana yedziviriro nokuda kwavatori vemisika.
  • Murairo wokubatanidza nokuvandudza zvinhu: Zvinodikanwa zvemipimo zvakanyanyisa zvinogona kunonotsa kupinda nokuwedzera ndyiko, kutangwazve kunobvira kwokutyaira kumhoteredzo dzakaganhurirwa zvishoma.
  • Kusazivikanwa uye kunamatwa: Muitiro wakafanira unowanzoda kuziva vanhu nokuvapa ziviso, asi kutengeserana kwakawanda ndekwenhema. Vadzori vanotamburira kubatira zviziviso kuvari vezvikwama vasingazivikanwi kana kuti masangano aUniongaal (DAOs).
  • Kushandiswa kwemitemo: Apo mudzori akafanana neSEC anodzorwa panzvimbo yechaichpto yavanhu vokumwe nemhaka yokuwana mutengi, muitiro wakafanira unomuka pamusoro pekururamisira kwemitemo yakaisvonaka pamapati ayo akanga asina kariro ine mufungo yokudzorwa nechiremera ichocho.
  • Nyoresa: Kunzwisisa gadziriro dzakati shakei, zvibvumirano zvamano, uye magironickain anoda zivo chaiyo. Vadzori vangatsamira pauchapupu hwenyanzvi, asi kururama kwetsika kunoda kuti mapoka ave nomukana wokudenha kutaura kweunyanzvi.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Dzokufambira Mberi Mukudzorwazve Kwemadhigirii

Kufambira mberi, vadzori vanofanira kuwana nzira dzokutsigira nadzo muitiro wakafanira apo vaichichinjira kudenho dzechienzi dzezvinhu zvemichina. Ikoku kungabatanidza miitiro inochinjika zvikuru kana kuti batira pamwe yenyika dzakawanda kuva nechokwadi chemitemo inodzorwa zvakanaka munyika yose. Zviitiko zvakati kuti zvinovimbisa zviri kumuka:

Majecha Anodzora Nepurogiramu Dzokufambisa Madhiroku

Vadzori vazhinji, kubatanidza UK Intecial Inteality Authority (FCA) neAustralian Securities and Investicements Commission (ASIC), zvino vanoshandisa mabhokisi ejecha anodzorwa anobvumira makambani kuedza zvinhu pasi pemigariro yokuchengetwa kwakasununguka. Mabhokisi ejecha anobatanidza dziviriro dzakakodzera sezvibvumirano zvakanyorwa, kushuma misengwa, uye kubuda. Sandbox inogovera "chiteshi chakako chakako chenyuko chakakomberedzwa" nokuda kwokuvandudza apo anovimbisa kuti vagadziri vemikoro vanogona kudzidza ndokugadziridza mitemo yakavakirwa pamitengo chaiyoiyo yenyika.

Kubatana Kukuru Kwamarudzi Ose

Masangano akadai seFinancial Action Task Force (FATF) neInternational Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) zviri kuvamba mipimo yenyika yose nokuda kwechiziviso chechpto. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza kariro dzakakodzera mumitemo mumativi ose, idzi nhamburiko dzinoderedza ngozi yokudzora kudzorwa uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vatori vemisika vanogamuchira kubatwa kwakaenzana pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, kurongwa kweFFF's kunodzo dzoUkuru hweActive kunobatanidza nhungamiro pamusoro pokuti zviremera zvinofanira kutungamirira sei zvikwaniswo zvikwanidzo zveAML/CFT muchimiro chakafanira. Masangano akadaro enyika ose anogonawo kuita kuti vazivikanwe vose vate zviito zvokudzorwa.

Kushandiswa Kwezvigadzirwa Zvemagetsi Kuvandudza Kunaka Kwezvinhu

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rweblockchain pacharwo runogona kushandiswa kuvandudza muitiro wakafanira. Zvibvumirano zvinongwara zvinogona kushuma nezvevatengi, nepo gadziriro dzokuzivisa dzinodzorwa dzinogona kubetsera kupedza chinetso chezviziviso nokuda kwamapato enhema. Mamwe mativi ari kuedza pamusoro pezvishandiso zvinobvumira vadzori kunzvera kutengeserana munguva chaiyoiyo apo vaigovera nzira dzinooneka. Ikoku kungagona kuita kuti zviito zvokudzosera pamutemo zvive zvinoteverwa zvikuru uye zvinotsamira pazvinoteererwa papositi.

Kutaurwa Kwakakodzera Defi NeDAOs

Zvibvumirano zvemari zvakagadzirwa (Defefi) uye masangano anozvitonga anozvitonga anopa denho dzakasiana nemhaka yokuti anoshaiwa kuva pamutemo kwegamuchidzanwa uye kuita zvisarudzo. Mabungwe ari kutanga kuvamba mavara anogadzirirwa. Somuenzaniso, Wyoming DAO LLC anobvumira DAOS kunyoresa semasangano apamutemo, izvo zvinoagonesa kubatanidzwa nezvevamiriri kupfurikidza nemiitiro yegamuchidzanwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotaura zvikuru nokuda kwe "procedrugational replation", apo mwero wemitezo inodikanwa netapurofiti yemiteko inotapurwa pamasangano. Ikoku kugona kubvumira miitiro inodzorongedzerwa mumasangano akaderera.

mhedziso

Gadziriro inosara iri fandesheni yemirau yapamutemo, uye kushandiswa kwayo kumitemo yetsika nepfuma yemipimo zviri zvose zviri zviviri zviri madikanwa uye zvakaoma. Mienzaniso inobva kuUnited States, European Union, Japan, Singapore, uye miganhu miduku inoratidzira kuti nhevedzano yetsika inogona kuva pamwe chete apo gadziriro dzemitemo dzinogadzirwa nokungwarira. Zvisinei, kumhanya kwazvakasikwa, kusvika kwapasi pose, uye kuoma kwemifungo yetsika kunoda kuti zvinhu zvidzore. Kupfurikidza nokupfaviswa kwemifungo yetsika, batira pamwe chete yamarudzi ose, uye zvishandiso zvokugadzirwa, vadzori vanogona kutsigira nheyo dzetsika dzinofanira apo zvinotarisira mamiriro ezvinhu. Chino chakakomba ndicho chinangwa chokuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu apo vapindi vanogona kushandisa chivimbo, kuziva kuti mitemo inonyengera, zvisarudzo zvinooneka.

" zvinodikanwa zvomuitiro wakafanira hazvisati zviri zvounyanzvi kana kuti zvakaoma, asi zvinofanira kuumbwa mukupindura zvimiro zvefariro dziri panjodzi, ngozi dzekunyimwa kwekanganiso, uye fariro yehurumende iri padanda." Kudzikamisa izvi zvinhu mumashoko akapoteredza emirau yemitemo icharondedzera nguva yemberi yemari yemitengo.