Table of Contents
Kuona Mari Zvakanaka Muhurumende Chii?
Kuoneka kwezvemari kunonongedzera kumwero uyo hurumende inogoverana pachena mashoko pamusoro pemari yainopiwa, ndyiko dzayo, zvikwereti, uye utano hwose hwemari. Zvinopfuura kubudisa zviverengero zvisina kurongwa; kunobatanidza kupa mashoko emari panguva yakakodzera, inowanika, uye inonzwisisa kuitira kuti vagari vemo, vatori venhau, masangano enzanga, uye masangano anotarisira vagone kuongorora nenzira inobudirira kuti mari yavose inounganidzwa nokushandiswa. Hurumende ine nhevedzano inozivisa nenzira inoita kuti mapepa emari, mishumo yokuongorora, mashoko, uye kunyoresa mibayiro, zvichiita kuti vapanzverwe nokuziva dzidzo yokunze uye kushambadza kwavose.
Painenge iri pakati, kujeka kwemari ishongedzero yehurumende. Inogadza mutsetse wakananga wezvinooneka pakati pemipiro yomuteresi nezvinobva muhurumende, ichideredza mashoko anogona kudzivirira kusatarisirwa zvakanaka kana kuti ushati. Kana mabasa emari akaoma, vagari vemo havagoni kuziva kana mari yavo iri kushandiswa nokuchenjera, uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanotarisana nomugumisiro muduku nokuda kwetsika dzinopambadza kana kuti dzisina kunaka. Kujeka kunotsiva kuvanza nokuzvidavirira, kuvamba fandesheni yechivimbo pakati pehurumende navanhu vayo.
Nei Kuona Mari Zvakakodzera Kutonga Kwehurumende
Kuvaka Chivimbo Chavose
Chivimbo imari yokudzora kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Hurumende dzinoratidzira nguva dzose kusununguka mukubata kwadzo kwemari kuti hadzina chinhu chokuvanza.Vagari vanogona kuona apo mitero yavo inoenda sezvingabvira zvikuru kuti iwirirane nemisengwa yemitero, zviito zvavose, uye kubatira zvinovaka masangano ehurumende.
Kuzvidavirira Kwavakuru Vakuru Voruzhinji
Kana mashoko ezvemari awanika pachena, vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa nevashandi vehurumende vanoziva kuti zvisarudzo zvavo zvichaongororwa nezvinobudisa nhau, mapoka ezvikwata zvinotarira, uye vasaruri. Uku kutarisira kunopa basa rokutarisira nokungwarira zviwanikwa uye kudzosera. Kuona chitarisiko kunobatsirawo vanoongorora zvinhu uye mapoka asingadi uori kuti vakurumidze kuona zvinhu zvisina kururama, zvinetso zviduku zvisati zvatadza kugadziriswa.
Kusimudzira Kugara Kwezvinhu Zvinowanikwa
Mashoko ezvemari anogona kubvumira hurumende kuratidzira maitiro adzo mukurwisana nevezera radzo nezvinyorwa zvekare. Kunogonesa kuronga mari yakavakirwa paufakazi, umo mari inonangidzirwa kupurogiramu dzinoratidza miuyo inoyevedza. Vagari vanogona kuenzanisa kupedza vari munharaunda kana kuti madhipatimendi, kusimbisa kuisa tsvina kuvatungamiriri kupfuma yechaioccate kunzvimbo dzinoshaiwa zvikurusa.
Kukurudzira Kubatanidzwa Kune Zvakunoreva
Vagari vemo vakadzidziswa vanokwanisa kutsigira zvavanoda. Kana magwaro ebhajeti nemishumo yemari zvichiwanika, mapoka enzanga anogona kuongorora kuti mitemo inowirirana sei nezvinodiwa zvomunzvimbomo, anopupurira pakutonga kwavose, uye anokarakadza mamwe maitiro okushandisa. Kujeka kwemari kunochinja vabhadhari vemari kuti vave vadzori vemibato yokutarisira.
Mativi Egadziriro Yemari Inooneka
Mashoko Avose uye Mashoko Anonyoreswa Nevanhu Vose
Hurumende dzinofanira kufambisa kupfuura PDF nemishumo yepepa kuidzwa kuidzwa kunyora, mafomati anovhura madaidzwa anobvumira vashandisi kukopa, kuisa muchiono, uye kushandisa mashoko emari. Ikoku kunobatanidza mashoko akadai sezvinyorwa zvebhizimisi, mibhadharo, uye mibhadharo. Mitemo yakadai seInternational Aid Istatificity Impficietive (IATATI) uye Open Contracting Data Standard (OCDS) inogovera zvirongwa zvemitemo inowirirana, inodzorwa.
Kushuma Nguva Yakakodzera uye Kwenguva Dzose
Kuona chitarisiko hakurevi revo kana mashoko akasvika nguva huru zvokusagona kupesvedzera zvisarudzo. Hurumende dzinofanira kubudisa mishumo yemari inodzorwa pagore, kutaura kwegore negore, uye kutaura kwapamberi pekurukurirano dzenhau. Nguva chaiyoiyo kana kuti mabhodhi enguva chaiyoiyo anoshandiswa nenzira inowedzera kuratidza mari yazvino uno, kuderedza kuderera kwendyiko pakati pendyiko nokuoneka kwayo kwavose.
Mubatanidzwa Webhajeti Unobatsira
Gadziriro yebhajeti yakazaruka inobatanidza mapepa akawanda: bhajeti yakagadzirwa nevagari vemo (shanduro yakapfaviswa nokuda kwevoruzhinji), chikarakadzo chine udzame hwemari yokushandisa, kuiswa kwemari inorongwa, mishumo yegore negore, uye zviwanwa zvokunzvera. Gwaro rimwe nerimwe rinofanira kutsanangura fungidziro, zviratidzo zvebasa, uye kutsauka pakushandisa kwakarongwa. Bhaundi yeBajeti yeBajenali yeBhaundi yeNyika Dzokubhajeri inonzvera nyika pamusoro pokuvakwa nokukwana kwemagwaro masere anokosha ebhajeti.
Kushandisa Michina Pachena
Kuona chitarisiko hakusi pamusoro pokungobudisa mashoko chete; kunobatanidzawo kugadzira mikoto yewirirano. Kubatanidzwa kwemari yemari, misangano yehoro yetaundi, kubvunza mahotera paIndaneti, uye kuteerera zvinobudisa nhau dzesocial network kunobvumira vanhu kupanikira kupedza zvinhu zvinokosha uye kukarakadza chinjo. Apo hurumende dzinovhara kupesana kupfurikidza nokutsanangura kuti mubatanidzwa wakashandiswa sei, chivimbo chinokura.
Kutarisira Nokuongorora Kunozvimirira
Masangano makurusa anonzvera (SAIs) anofanira kuva ne kuzvimirira nezviwanikwa zvokunzvera mari yehurumende ndokubudisa pachena zvaawana. Hurumende dzinoratidza pachena dzinovimbisa mishumo yokunzvera inokakavadzana mudzimba dzemitemo, inoshanda namasangano, uye inowanika kupepanhau. Sangano revagari vemo ipapo rinogona kushandisa iyi mishumo kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvipikire.
Zvirongwa Zvepamutemo Nezvekutungamirira Zvinotsigira Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka
Nyika zhinji dzakagadza mitemo yakananga inoraira kujeka kwemari. Yavose zvikurusa rusununguko rwamashoko, urwo runopa vagari vemo maruramiro okuwana zvinyorwa zvehurumende. Mukuwedzera, mitemo yemitoro yemari inoda kuti hurumende dzitevere kuronga nokushuma mitemo inooneka. Somuenzaniso, Hurumende yeBrazil ye Fiscal Respobalade Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal ives, kubatanidza zvinodikanwa zvokujeka izvo zvakatungamirira kukusikwa kwemitengo yayo inorumbidzwa yeTransportal. Dzimwe Hurumende dzakapfuudza mitemo yokudzivirira, uye miraudzo yerwisano-dzo dzinosimbisa kuoneka.
Mitumbi yenyika yose inopesvedzerawo zvirongwa zvenyika. International Monetary Fund’s Fiscal khowudi yeFiscal Transparency inogovera nhevedzano yenheyo nemiitiro izvo nyika dzinogona kugamuchira, kufukidza kushuma kwechikamu, kufanofungidzira nokuronga mari, uye kunzvera kwengozi. Hurumende (OGP) [[FLT]] ndichimwe chikamu chenyika yose apo nyika dzinozvipira kuita kuti dzivandudze kujeka, kubatanidza mukutarisira mari. Izvi zvinopa mapu yemugwagwa wehurumende dzose kuti dzionekwe pachena.
Zvinetso Zvokuita Kuti Mari Inyatsooneka
Kuoma Kunzwisisa Mashoko uye Unyanzvi Hwokugadzira Zvinhu
Gadziriro dzemari dzehurumende dzinowanzova dzinodzorwa, dzichishandisa mipimo yakasiana-- siyana yetsanga yemipimo yeakaundi, purogiramu yenhaka, uye zvirongwa zvokuisa zvinhu zvinopesana. Kutsaura mashoko kubva kumazana emitsetse, mari chaiyo, uye masangano adzinodzima anogona kuva anotyisa. Kunyange apo mashoko akabudiswa, kungasava kunzwisiswa kuvasi nyanzvi, kungaganhurirwa kushanda kwadzo. Kutaura iyi denho kunoda kutengwa mumiitiro yezvokudzora mari yazvino uno (FMIS) uye kurovedzwa nokuda kwavaparidzi vemashoko navashandisi zvakafanana.
Kuramba Zvematongerwe Enyika Nemasangano
Kuona chitarisiko kunogona kutyisidzira avo vanobetserwa nevezvamatongerwe enyika. Varefu veUreaucrates navezvamatongerwe enyika vangadzivisa kuzivisa mashoko anofumura tsvina, mari inobhadharwa, kana kuti uori. Kunyange pasina vavariro yakaipa, mamwe masangano anorinda mashoko sechinhu chenyundo, anotya kutsoropodzwa kana kuti kurasikirwa nokudzora kwenhau yacho. Kuchinja kwetsika kunodikanwa kuti kuve pachena setsika panzvimbo pokuva kunze; utungamiriri hwapamusoro hunowanzodikanwa kukukurira.
Kudzikamisa Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka Nokuchengeteka Kwemashoko uye Kuva Woga
Kubudisa mashoko ane udzame ezvemari nenzira yokusaziva kunogona kuzivisa mashoko omunhu oga anokosha, akadai semibhadharo yevashandi voruzhinji, vanobetserwa namapurogiramu enzanga, kana kuti vanoshanda pamwe chete vebhizimisi. Hurumende dzinofanira kuisa mashoko echinyararire ndokushandisa dziviriro dzakavanzika pasina kubvisa mashoko oukoshi hwadzo. Nenzira yakafanana, chengeteko yenyika nechivande zvebhizimisi zvinogona kushandiswa senzira dzokunyima mashoko. Kurega kushaikwa kwapachivande kwemari uye kutarisirwa kwapachivande kunobetsera kuchengeta dzikamo.
Mazano Okushandisa Mari
Kushandisa nhano dzokuona nadziyo kunoda bhajeti navashandi. Hurumende duku, zvikurukuru munyika dzichiri kubudirira kana kuti maruwa okumaruwa, dzingashaiwa mari yokuvaka mahombekombe edata, vashandi vazvitima, kana kuti mufambiro. Masangano ebudiriro amarudzi ose namapurogiramu omupi anogona kugovera betsero yebasa, asi kutsigirwa kunotsamira pakuzvipira kwomunzvimbomo uye bhajeti yenhambo refu.
Fundo Dzehosha Mukuona Zvemari
Chiteshi Chengarava Chinooneka cheBrazil
Brazil yakatanga Transparency Portal yayo (Portal da Transparência) muna 2004 pasi peComptroller General of the Union (CGU). Nzvimbo yacho inogovera mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pezvitsama zvehurumende, kubatanidza zvibvumirano, mari, uye mibhadharo, zvakavandudzwa zuva nezuva. Vagari vemo vanogona kutsvakisisa neshoko renyika, sangano, kana kuti mutengesi wezvokutengesa. Chiteshi chakakudzwa pashure poMutemo weFiscal Penice Liverice uye kusvikwa kwechiratidzo chemitemo muna 2011. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kumira panze kwakabatsira kuderedza uori muhurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende uye kuwedzera kushanda kwokuongorora. CGU inopawo purogiramu dzokudzidza nokunyora mashoko nokuda kwevagari vemo.
Basa Rehurumende Rehurumende RekuNew Zealand
New Zealand inoramba iri pamusoro pemitemo inoisa miganhu yokuona. Tsamba yayo inobudisa kufanoziva kwakawanda, kutaura kwemari mwedzi nomwedzi, uye “Chirongwa chePurgmental Governmentparence formation. Gadziriro dzehurumende dzeSangano reHurumende dzakabatanidza zvibvumirano zvokuvandudza kuva pachena kunobetsera kwoudzori nokutora rutivi rwavose mumiitiro yemari. New Zealand yakamutsawo kushandiswa kwezviratidziro zvakanaka mukuronga, kubatanidza mugove wemari kumiuyo yenzanga uye kuita kuti aya anoonekwa navanhu vose.
United States: Federal Funding Accounting and Transparency Act (FFATA)
Yakazoitwa muna 2006 uye yakasimbiswa mumakore akatevera, FFATA inoda Office of Management and Dribal kuti ichengete website imwe inotsvakwa (Uspending.gov) ine mashoko emibayiro yose yehurumende, kubatanidza mari, zvibvumirano, uye zvikwereti. Nzvimbo yacho zvino ine zvinyorwa zvinodarika mamiriyoni 60. Nepo vanotsoropodza vachicherekedza nhau dzemazita ane uwandu hwemari, mutemo wakawedzera zvikuru kuwanikwa kwemashoko anotengwa nehurumende uye wave uri muenzaniso wedzimwe nyika. U.S. unewo DATA Act (2014, inoshuma zvinotemwarati, inovandudzazve kufambidzana.)
Georgia (KO): Kubudirira Mukuona Zvakaitika Pashure Pejeti
Pashure peRose Revolution muna 2003, Georgia yakatanga kurwisa uori nokuchinja kwokuona. Yakatanga kugadzirwa kwemichina yemagetsi inoita kuti zvibvumirano zvose zvehurumende zvioneke pachena, zvichinyatsoratidza kuti zvinenge zvadiwa, mibayiro, uye mari yabhadharwa. Zvakaguma nokuderera kukuru kwouori mukuwana mari. Zvakaitika kuGeorgia zvinoratidza kuti kunyange nyika dzine zvinhu zvishoma dzinogona kubudirira nokukurumidza kufambira mberi nokusarudza kuda zvamatongerwe enyika uye ruzivo rwezvokugadzira zvinhu.
Basa Rezvigadzirwa Zvemazuva Ano Nezviteshi Zvengarava Mukufambira Mberi
Zviteshi zvemichina zvazova mavambo ezvirongwa zvemazuva ano zvokuratidza. Masuo emashoko akavhurika anobvumira hurumende kubudisa mashoko emari akarongwa anogona kunyorwa, kuongororwa, uye kufungwa nomunhu upi noupi. Masuo akadaro anowanzobatanidza zvinhu zvakadai seAPI anowanika, achigonesa vagadziri kuvaka mapurogiramu etsika anoita kuti mashoko etsika awanike zvikuru. Kushandiswa kwemipimo yakazaruka kunosimbisa kuti mashoko anobva kumativi akasiyana - siyana agona kubatanidzwa uye kuenzaniswa, kutsigira kunzvera nokubatanidza mapepa eAPI.
Ruzivo rwemichina runogonesawo kubvumira mabudiro evagari vemo. Dzimwe hurumende dzakashandisa zvikuva zvinodzorwa nezvikamu zvinodzorwa nezvikamu zvinobatanidza vanhu pazvosesainira basa remabasa avose kana kuti mureza. Masangano akavakirwa pamibato yakavakirwa pamireza ari kuongororwa nokuda kwokuparadzira kuyamura nokutumira maketani. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwoga harusi chinhu chinobatsira; runofanira kubatanidzwa nemirayiridzo yakasimba, mirayiro yepamutemo yakajeka, uye kutsigira kwezvamatongerwe enyika. CD yeOO'S Whover Government Officekit inopa nhungamiro inoshanda nokuda kwokugadzira nokushandisa zvinhu zvakadaro.
Nhano Dzinoshanda Dzokuti Hurumende Dzivandudze Kuona Zvakanaka Kwemari
Ita Musangano Wokuona Kuti Zvinhu Zvava Kuoneka
Sarudza kuti zvikamu zvemapepa ebhajeti, mapepa enguva, uye mapepa emashoko.
2. Simbisa Kumira Kwepamutemo
Sano kana kuti simbisa mitemo inoda kubudiswa kwemashoko emari. Iva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo iyi inobatanidza mitemo yakajeka pakusapinda, miitiro yokukumbira nokuda kwokurambidzwa kuwanikwa, uye zvirango nokuda kwokusawirirana. Rangarira kugamuchira mutemo wemhosva.
3. Kushandisa Mari Mugadziriro Dzemari
Kubatanidzwa kwemashoko okutarisira mari anogona kubudisa mashoko anowanika muchina. Vakuru vakuru vemari yechitima vanoronga mahwendefa emazita, kusimbisa, uye mashoko akavhurika.
4. Gadzira Tsamba Yemashoko Yavose
Vakai nzvimbo yenzvimbo yemibato yokurongedzera. Rongai michina yemijenya iyo vagari vemo namabhizimisi vane bviro hurusa yokushandisa, yakadai sezvibvumirano zvokuwana, mari inobhadharwa, uye mari yemari yemabato. Ibatanidza zvishandiso zvokuona nemhesano.
5. Rovedza Vakuru Vakuru uye Kuvaka Tsika Yokusununguka
Ipa rovedzo yapamutemo nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vose vehurumende pamusoro pemitemo yokuona napamberi, chengeteko yemashoko, uye ukoshi hwapachena hwemashoko akasununguka.
6. Itai Vagari Vomunyika Nenzanga Yavagari Vemo
Gadzirai horo dzenguva dzose dzemataundi umo vagari vemo vanogona kupanikira bhajeti yezvinokosha. Gadza boka remashoko risingapiwi mashoko rinobatanidza vamiririri vanobva kunzvimbo dzinogadzirwa zvinhu, mapepanhau, uye masangano asingabudiriri purofiti.
7. Kuongorora uye Kuongorora
Shandisa mashoko eweb anobatsira, kuongorora kwokubvuma mashoko anotaurwa, uye kuzviongorora kuti uone kana mashoko ari kushandiswa uye kana achivandudza kuvimbana kana kuti kuzvidavirira.
mhedziso
Kuoneka kwezvemari hakusi chinhu choumbozha kana kuti kufunda kwenhau kwamarudzi ose; mugariro unokosha nokuda kwehurumende inozvidavirira, inobudirira, uye inosarudzwa navanhu. Pasina izvo, vagari vemo havagoni kutonga kuitwa kwavatungamiriri vavo, pfuma sezvingabvira zvikuru ichapambadzwa, uye kuvimba navanhu kunoshata. Kuwanika kuri kukura kwemipimo yemari, kwakabatanidzwa nemipimo yamarudzi ose nefundo dzenhau dzakabvumikiswa, kunogovera nzira yakajeka mberi nokuda kwehurumende pamwero yose. Kuzvipira kujeka kuoneka kunofanira kutsigirwa, kusimbiswa mumutemo, uye kusimbiswa netsika dzinovanza mipimo inovanza. Sezvinogamuchira idzi nheyo, betsero dzinodzora zviri nani, dzakasimba zvikuru, uye dzimwe upfumi dzinobatanidzwa zvikuru dzinova dzinova pachena nenzira inowedzera. Mubvunzo hauri madikanwa here kuti kuoneka pachena, asi nokukurumidza hurumende dzinogona kuzviita sei.