Masangano Ebumbiro Remitemo Okutarisira Nomutemo

Nheyo yamasimba akaparadzana, yakasimbiswa muBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. inogadza gadziriro yokunzvera nokudzikamisa pakati pemitengo yemitemo, vadzori, uye mapazu okutonga. Mukati meiyi gadziriro, kutarisirwa kwemitemo kwamasangano anoronga hachisi chisarudzowo zvacho asi chinodikanwa chemitemo. Masangano anodzora anogara mubazu rehurumende asi anoshanda nemwero wakasiyana-siyana yezvizvimirimo, . Nhengo dzinonzvera chiremera chakasimba panzvimbo dzinonetsa dzakadai sedziviriro yemhoteredzo, kutengeserana, utano hwehurumende, uye chengeteko yebasa. Pasina kutungamirira kwemitemo inosimba, aya masangano anogona kukweverevesa kupfuura zvirevo zvawo zviri pamutemo, anobata maindaneti, kana kuti akundikana kudzora kutevedzerwa kwevoruzhinji. Iyi nyaya inonzvera michina yokutarisira mamiriro ezvinhu emitemo, mabasa enhau, mabasa anonetsa, uye kugadziridza kugadziridza kugadzirwa kwegadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwegadziriro yezvokugadzirwa kwegadziriro.

Basa Rezvirongwa: Chinangwa uye Kukura

Masangano anoronga anoumbwa neCongress kupfurikidza nokugonesa mitemo iyo inogadza masimba chaiwo okugadza mitemo, kuchengetwa, uye kuisa. Chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechokushandisa ndokuita mitemo inoda kukurukura nhau dzounyanzvi hwakaoma kana kuti dzezvemari dzinoda unyanzvi hunopfuura simba redare remitemo. Masangano makuru okudzora ehurumende muUnited States akabuda mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi19 neInterstate Commission (1887), achiteverwa neFederal Trade Commission (14), uye gare gare gare masangano eDavhi akadai seSaceurties and Exchange Commission (11934) uye National Laborces Relation Board (1935). Masangano aya akagadzirwa kuti adzorere mabasa akati kubva pazuva rechi191919791).

Zvirongwa zvinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zviviri: masangano anotungamirira, anodzorwa zvakananga naPurezidhendi (jere, Environmental Protection Agency), uye vamiririri vakasununguka, vanotungamirirwa nemabhodhi ezvibvumirano ane mashoko akachinjika (zvikuru, Federal Communies Commission). Nhau dzokutarisira nemhaka yokuti masangano anozvimirira akarongwa noune udzo kuti adzivise pesvedzero yapurezidhendi, achiisa mutoro mukuru paCongress kuti avimbe kuti azvidzivirire. Mibato mikuru yamasangano ehurumende inobatanidza:

  • [[[FOL:0] Kugadzira [: Kuraira kunobatanidza kunodudzira nokushandisa mirau.
  • Kumanikidza: Kupunza mari, kubvisa faindi, uye kuita chiito chapamutemo.
  • [[FOL:0] Kuparadza[: Kunzwa kukakavara uye kuraira zvirango kupfurikidza nezvinoitika zvokutarisira.
  • Advisory and Research: Kugovera unyanzvi kuCongress, mukuru mukuru, uye vanhu.

Kukura kweiri basa rokutungamirira kwakakura. Kupfurikidza nokumwe kufungidzira, masangano ehurumende muUnited States anobudisa mitemo yokupedzisira inopfuura 3 000 pagore, iyo yakawanda yayo ine tapuro dzezvemari dzinopfuura mamirioni $100. Uku kuva nesimba, kwakabatanidzwa nokuhwirudzurwa kwakananga kwedare uye kuoma kwomutemo wokutarisira, kunoita kuti kutarisira kwomutemo kuve dziviriro yakakomba pakunyengera kana kuti kuoma mitezo.

Kushandiswa Kwoutariri Hwomutemo: Kuzvidavirira, Kuona Napane Yakajeka, uye Kuvimba

Kutarisira kwomutemo kunoshanda somuitiro mukuru uyo Congress inozadzika nawo basa rayo rebumbiro remitemo kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inoitwa nenzira yokutendeka (Article II, Chikamu 3). Kupfuura mufungo webumbiro remitemo, kutarisira kunokosha nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka zvinowirirana.

Kudzivisa Kushandiswa Zvisina Kufanira Kwesimba Nokubatwa Nesimba

Masangano asingangwariri, masangano anotungamirira anogona kubatwa nemaindasitiri chaiwo avanofungidzirwa kuti vadzore. Apo vakuru vakuru vebasa kana kuti vagadziri vezvamatongerwe enyika vanova noukama hwepedyo nesangano rinodzorwa, mitemo ingarereudzira kufariro dzeindasitiri kukuvadziko yegarikano yavose. Nhevedzo inodzokororwa nenzvimbo dzinodzorwa. Nhevedzo yemibato inoenda kumabasa echikwata chayo mumitengi inodzorwa mumaindasitiri nenzvimbo dzinochengetedzwa. Kunzwa kwebasa remichina yemichina yeMineral Services muna 2000 kwakaratidza kufambikano dzinofadza namakambani eoiri, kuchitungamirira kugadziridzo mukucherwa kwenze kwenze pashure penjodzi yeDeeaterhoomer.

Kukurudzira Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka uye Kuvimba Noruzhinji

Kunzwa kwakakomba kazhinji kazhinji ndekwavose, kugovera nzvimbo yapamutemo kuti vakuru vakuru vemasangano vatsanangure zvisarudzo zvavo, kuti nyanzvi dzipedze zvisarudzo zvesangano, uye kuti vagari vemo vanotapurwa vataure zvinonetsa. Uku kujeka kunokosha kuti vachengete chiremera chehurumende. Apo ruzhinji runonzwisisa kuti masangano ari kuita zvisarudzo sei. (/) uye anoona kuti Congress iri kuangwa nokushingaira mumasangano ehurumende inogona kutsigirwa kunyange mukati menjodzi. Nenzira yepani, kukundikana kwetarisiro, zvakadai sokunonoka kuita kumurakatapuko weOpioid kupfurikidza neDrugrog Enforcementment Administration neFod Diod Diod Administration, kushaio yavose uye chiito chehurumende chinonyandurwa.

Kuvandudza Basa Romubatanidzwa Wezvokutengeserana Nokugutsikana

Kudzora hakusati kuri kungova bedzi kuranga; kunogona kuva kunovakawo. Kupfurikidza nepurogiramu kunzvera, kunyura kwezuva, uye kunzvera kushanda (zvinowanzoitwa namahofisi okuzvidavirira ehurumende akadai seHofisi yeU.S. yenhau yeHurumende), Congress inogona kuziva insefficien, mitemo yechinyakare, kana kuti mirau inorwisana. Uku kujekeswa kunogonesa kugadziridzwa kwemitemo yemirayiro yesangano, kugoverwa kuri nani kwemipiyunzi, uye kuderedzwa kwomutoro apo kwakakodzera.

Michina Yokutarisira Mitemo Yokudzika Midzi: Zvishandiso Zvebhizimisi

Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunokosha pakuongorora kubudirira kweutarisiri.

Kunzwa Nokuongorora

Kutongwa kwavose inzira inooneka zvikurusa. Matare anogona kudana vakuru vemasangano, magwaro echipameso, uye anomanikidza chipupuriro chakabva kuvakuru vakuru vazvino uno navaichimbova vakuru vakuru. Nepo kunzwa kuchigona kuva kwokunyepedzera kana kuti nhandare yemitambo, zvinobatira basa rinokosha. Somuenzaniso, Dare reSamende reSand Constigate paPuncitions rine nhau refu yokufumura kundikano yeburiso, kubva pakuputsika kweEndon kusvikira kukupunziswa kwema bhomba dzepasi rose.

Kudzora Mari

Simba reCongress rechikwama ichi chishandiso charo chine simba zvikuru. Kupfurikidza nokugadza mwero yokutarisira nayo, kuwedzera vatasvi, kana kuti kuganhurira mari nokuda kwepurogiramu dzakati, vagadziri vemitemo vanogona kumanikidza masangano kuchinja zvinhu zvinokosha kana kuti kugumisa mibato isina kufanira. Zvisinei, iri simba rinowanzoshandiswa nomutoo wakajeka.

Kuhwirudzura Zvitsama uye Kupisa Kwezuva

Mimwe mitemo inoda kuti masangano atsigire kuvapo kwawo panhambo nenhambo kana kuti aise mitemo yokunyoresazve (inozivikanwa segadziriro dzokunyura kwezuva). Chiito cheRefugation Flexibility uye Chibvumirano Chokuchinja Chisina Kurongwa chinoda masangano kunzvera simba remitemo yawo pamibatanidzwa miduku nehurumende kana kuti nzvimbo, zvichitevedzana, kuumba gadziriro yokuhwirudzura iyo Dare rinogona kushandisa kuziva mitemo yechinyakare.

Hofisi Yokuzvidavirira yehurumende (GAO) uye Vanzveri Varwi (IG)

Masangano eIGS anozvimirira akadai seGO nesangano IGs anopa Congress vavariro, kusaongorora mabasa esangano. Mishumo yavo inowanzova nerumbidzo dzakananga dzinova hwaro hwekutongwa kwemitemo uye kuchinja kwemitemo. jaO’s “Sheaner Risk Sur List" inozivisa mapurogiramu ehurumende anogona kukanganiswa nokubiridzirwa, kurasirwa, kana kuti kusabatwa zvakanaka, kupa Congress porence shoo yakagadzirira kugadzirirwa purogiramu yokutarisira.

Kusimbiswa Nezvirongwa

Basa repangiro reDare uye kubvumira ravakuru vakuru vesangano (kubatanidza vamiririri vamasangano anozvimirira) chishandiso chakare chine simba chokutarisira. Mukati mokusimbisa kutongwa, vamiririri vanogona kubvunza pamusoro pouzivi hwavo hwokutungamirira, zviito zvomunguva yakapfuura, uye gadziriro nokuda kwesangano, uye vanogona kudzivisa tsigiro yokumanikidza chinjo munhungamiro yemitemo.

Matambudziko Okutarisira Mutemo: Zvirongwa Nemazano Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwoutariri, inotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinopfuurira dzinogona kusekesa kubudirira kwayo.

Kuchinja Dzvene Nokuvhara

Kuwedzera kwokuva vatarisiri kwakashandura kutonga kwakawanda kuva nzvimbo dzemasangano dzezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pokuwana chokwadi chapachokwadi. Zvigaro zvedare zvingashandisa zvigaro zviduku kunetsa vakuru vakuru vesangano nokuda kwebetsero yeboka, nepo mitezo miduku ingadzivirira masangano anowirirana nepurogiramu yavo. Iri simba rinogona kudzivisa kuva tarisiro ine revo, uko kunowanzova kuri madikanwa kumanikidza kugadziridzwa kwemasangano. Somuenzaniso, kutarisira masangano ezve zvemari pashure penjodzi ya2008 pakutanga akaona batira pamwe yakasimba yebirtarian, asi makore akatevera akaona kutarisira devo devolve murwisano dzechikamu chaMadodd-Frank.

Pfuma Nemashoko Zvakaganhurirwa

Matare eCongress kazhinji kazhinji anoshaiwa unyanzvi chaihwo nezviwanikwa zvokuitisa nzvero huru dzounyanzvi munharaunda dzakaoma kunzvera dzakafanana netendero yemishonga kana kuti chengeteko yenyukireya. Zvirongwa zvine zviuru zvavashandi vane nyanzvi; matare anotarisira ane vashandi vaduku vane unyanzvi. aya mashoko anobvumira masangano kuvanza mashoko asina kufanira kana kuti kupa zvitsama zvamashoko zvisina basa kuti zvive nyore. GAO neIGS zvinobetsera, asi haagoni kufukidza mapurogiramu ose.

Mabhuku Akasiyana - siyana

Mitemo yazvino uno inowanzova mugumisiro wezvinyorwa zvakawanda, zvisarudzo zvedare, uye zvirongwa zvinotungamirira zvinobatanidza makumi amakore. Kunzwisisa muuyo unowedzerwa weiyi mitemo kunoda zivo yokuranga isingawanzowaniki pakati pavose vari vaviri vaiti vemitemo navashandi vavo. Somuuyo, utariri hunonanga pamitauro yakakwirira nepo zvichiregeredza nhau dzetsika dzakadai sechidimbu kana kuti zvisaririra zvemitemo zvechinyakare.

Kubatwa Neagency uye Suo Rinotenderera

Kunyange apo Congress inotungamirira, pesvedzero yeindasitiri dzinodzorwa inogona kuumba magadzirwo emitemo. Nhimbe dzinokurudzira dzinosanotenderedzwa dzinogona kuderedza chinjo kana kuti kuderedza ngwariro kunhau dzokufananidzira. Uyezve, suo rinotenderera (panoshandira vaichimbova vakuru vakuru vesangano nokuda kwamaindasitiri anodzorwa nemitemo) uko kunokwanisa kugadzira boka renyanzvi dzinopupurira nenzira dzinoderedza utariri hwakaoma.

Fundo Dzakakomba Muutariri Hwomutemo: Zvidzidzo Mumunda

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Negadziriro Yakachena Yesimba

Imwe yenhambo dzakakomba zvikurusa dzetarisiro yehurumende yakaitika mukati meSangano reSangano reSangano rePurezime reObama reChene - Power, iro rakanangidzira kudzora kubudiswa kwecarbon kubva kunzvimbo dzine simba muDeaker Act. Matare eCongregational akaita kupokana kwakawanda kwechiremera cheEPA chapamutemo. Gwaro redare ramasangano rakaita kuti pave nokupokana kwakawanda. Gwende regore rinopasvera rinoparira ridziro rakadzivisa mhinduro ipi neipi yemitemo, asi kutarisirwa kwedare guru rapashure kwapashure [FL: 0] Virginia v. EPH. [FFFFKD1] [20] [20] [20], iro Democracts rakadzivirira simba resangano resayenzi resayenzi resayenzi resayenzi.

Dambudziko reFDA Nemaoid

Food and Drug Administration yakatarisana nenzvero inodzorwa pashure pekuziviswa kuti kutendera kwayo maopioid matsva, kwakabatanidzwa nokunzverwa kwapashure pezvirango, kwakaparira denda rokupindwa muropa nerufu rwakawanda. Nzvero dzakaitwa neHouse Oversight Committee neRecouncial Accouncial Office yeHurumende dzakafukura kuti FDA yakanga yatendera maopioid akawanda ezvikamu zvakakwirira pasina kuda fundo dzakakwana dzokugona kubata zvisina kufanira. Kunzwa kwakatungamirira kuSubstance Use Use-Discorder Device Underation neTrective (SPPPORT) Chiratiko) Chiito cha201818, icho chakapa chiremera chitsva kuida kufunda kunyora mapurisa uye kugadziridza dare racho. Chino chakatanhamara nokuda kwokutarisira kugadziridza kukuru kwedare.

Kutarisira Mari Pashure pa2008

Mukumuka kwechinetso chemari cha2008, Sangano rePlanty Inquionry Commission (basa rechinguvana redare) uye kutonga kwakawanda kwakaratidzira kukundikana kukuru paSacurent and Exchange Commission (SEC), Federal Reserve, uye Office yeThrest Superference. Utarisiri hwakazivisa kuti SEC yakanga yakundikana kucherekedza kubiridzira kukuru paBrie Madoff mufest, pasinei zvapo nenyevedzo dzakadzo dzakadzo dzadzokororwazve, uye kuti Federal Reserve yakanga isina kushandisa masimba ayo ekurumidziro nenzira inobudirira. Izvi zvakaumba zvakananga Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reformation neCut Active Act yeConsurection yeZ yeZ yePricial Office ye 2010, izvo zvakatongedzero itsva kutungamirira migariro mitengo, mari, mari, uye masangano okubhajekero. Zvisinei, zvakatevera kubatira yeDoddFFFod yakashakidzwa zvikuru nemiteodrgood, mitemo inorema zvikuru, yadzo inovawo yadzo

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kusimbisa Kutarisira Kwomutemo Nokuda Kwenguva Itsva

Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu ruchichinja murairo nokukura kwezvamatongerwe enyika, Congress inofanira kuchinja miitiro yayo yokutarisira. Mitoo inoverengeka inovimbisa iripo:

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nemapepa Zvinonhuwirira

Matare eCongress neGAO zvinogona kushandisa mashoko akakwirira kuzivisa mitoo yesangano risingawirirani, risingawirirani, kana kuti kunonoka kuisa mitemo. Somuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwomutauro wechisiko kunogona kunzvera zviuru zvezvinyorwa zvesangano nokuda kwokusawirirana kana kuti zviratidzo zvokubata. Kutevedzerwa kwemipimo yenguva kunogona kudzora zviito zvokukurumidza. Congregational Data Task Force na Sup midziyo ingagona kuchinja kushanda zvakanaka kwetarisiro.

Kusimbisa Zvirongwa Zvinooneka

Kuderedza kusashanda zvakanaka kweboka, Congress ingagona kusimbisa basa ramasangano asingatsigiri anotsigira seGO, Congregational Drug Office, uye Office of Congregational Ethics (zvino yapera asi yaigona kudzorerwa). Kuumba matare maduku okutarisira zvechigarire nevashandi vakazvitsaurira, vasingapinzwa muchechi (akaratidzwa paDare reSite yeSubster Confective Constigale paPugateences) kwaigona kugovera kupfuurira nounyanzvi. Bipartisan “saruza matare” panhau dzakananga (g., murairo wezvokudzora mamiriro okunze emisiona.

Kukurudzira Kubatanidzwa Kwavose Nokuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Madhipatimendi anogona kuita kuti kutarisira kuve nyore kusvika. Kupa mashoko ose anoteerera ane marekodhi anosechwa, kugadzira mabhodhi avose anonyorwa kuti zvigadzirwe nejekiseni reIndaneti kukumbira kuti mubatanidzwa wevagari vemo usimbiswe. Website ye itori kupfuuresa mashoko akawanda parumbidzo dzepachena, asi kuvimbisana kunoramba kuri pasi.

Michina Yokushandisa Pamitemo Yezuva

Mapoka apamutemo aigona kugamuchira gadziriro dzakarongwa zvikuru dzokunyura kwezuva nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri masangano nemirairo mikuru, inoda kunyorwazve kwapanhambo nenhambo. Nepo miitiro yakadaro yakakarakadzwa (muchirevo, Mitemo inobva kuChikuru muKudikanwa kweScrutiny (REINS), iwo anotarisana nemhinganidzo dzebumbiro remitemo nebetsero. Zvisinei, kurangarirwa kwokunyura kwemitemo yetsika dzakakwirira kungagona kuderedza mutezo wemitemo yechinyakare.

Mugumisiro: Kutarisirwa Kwavachiri Kupfuurira

Kutarisira kwomutemo kwemasangano anotonga hausi umbozha hwemasangano ehurumende dzinoshanda zvakanaka dzinotonga nehurumende dzinotonga.Ndodokutoita chikanganiso chinobatanidza kuparadzana kwemasimba. Pasina iwo, masangano anotungamirira anogona kuva masangano asingaverengeki anobatira fariro dzavanhu voga panzvimbo pegarikano yavanhu. Nzvero dzinobva kumhoteredzo, utano, uye miraudzo yemari inoratidza kuti kutarisira kunogona kudzivirira njodzi, kudzorwazve musangano, uye kudzorera chivimbo chavose. Bva zvinetso zvekudzoreka, mari inodzorwa, uye kuoma kwezvokuchengetedza zvinokurira. Kuchengetedza kuenzana kwesimba kwamasimba, Dare rinofanira kuita kuti chishandiro charo chazvino uno, kufarira kubatira pamwe chete. Sava vagari vemo vanoshanda mukunzvera kutsva, vazivikamuranisa mashoko, uye kudzora kusimba, kutoda kudzorwa kwesimba.