Chii Chiri Kutonga Kwematongerwe Enyika?

Kutendeseka ndiimwe yepfungwa hurusa dzehwaro musayenzi yezvamatongerwe enyika, ichinongedzera kukugamuchirwa nokuzivikanwa kwechiremera, simba, kana kuti kudzorwa naavo vanodzorwa. Itsika inosianisa kutonga nechiremera nebumbiro romutemo nebvumirano. Pasina pamutemo, hurumende ingakwanisa kudzora kupfurikidza nesimba, asi haigoni kutsigira nhevedzano yapanguva refu kana kuti kupesvedzera kuzviisa pasi kwokuzvidira. Kunzwisisa pamutemo kunokosha mukunzvera kuti hurumende dzinowana sei, dzinochengeta, uye pane dzimwe nguva dzinorasikirwa netsigiro yavagari vemo vadzokeri.

Nyanzvi dzakagara dzichikakavadzana nezverondedzero chaiyoiyo youne pamutemo. Max Weber wechiGerman akagovera chimwe chegadziriro dzine pesvedzero zvikurusa, achizivisa marudzi matatu akachena echiremera chapamutemo: gamuchidzanwa, kwezvamashiripiti, uye kutora pamutemo. Chimwe nechimwe chinomira pazvikonzero zvakasiana nokuda kweipo vanhu vanodavira kuti vanofanira kuteerera. Zvisinei, kuva pamutemo hakusati kuriwo zvako kufungidzira; kune miuyo inoshanda nokuda kwechinhu chiri chose kubva mukuunganidzwa kwomutero kusvikira kukupinda muhondo. Hurumende inorangarirwa seyapamutemo inogona kudzora zvinobudirira zvikuru uye nokudzivisa kuduku kupfuura izvo.

Manyuko Matatu Eboka Okuva Apamutemo

Kunyange zvazvo kuva pamutemo kuchigona kubva mumanyuko akawanda, tepyology yeWeberia inoramba iri mavambo anobetsera.Inobetsera kutsanangura chikonzero nei gadziriro dzakasiana - siana dzezvamatongerwe enyika — kubva kuhurumende dzemadzimambo dzakare kusvikira kuhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzazvino uno — kuraira mwero yakasiana - siana yokuteerera kwokuzvidira.

Kutendeseka Kwetsika

Kuva pamutemo kwamagamuchidzanwa kunotangira mutsika dzakatangwa kare, tsika, uye kupfuurira kwenhau. Vanhu vanogamuchira chiremera nemhaka yokuti “kwave kuri nenzira iyi nguva dzose.” Vanamambo, vakuru vakuru vedzinza, uye vapfumi vanoratidzirwa muchimiro ichi. Simba ramambo weBritain, somuenzaniso, richiri kubvumirwa murutivi nemazana amakore egamuchidzanwa, kunyange zvazvo tsika yezvamatongerwe enyika yakashanduka kuva madzimambo emitemo. Kuva nomutezo wapamutemo kunogona kuva kwakadzikama nenzira inoshamisa nemhaka yokuti rakasimbiswa mumiitiro yezuva nezuva netsika yenzanga, asi rinogonawo kuparara apo chinjo yenzanga inoita kuti magamuchidzanwa iwayo aratidzike kuva echinyakare kana kuti anodzvinyirira.

Kurayira Kwounyengeri

Kuva pamutemo kwakavakirwa pamavara omunhu oga echienzi omutungamiriri. Vateveri vanodavira kuti mutungamiriri ane uchenjeri hunoshamisa, magamba, kana kuti kunyange nyasha dzoumwari. Ruvara urwu runowanzovapo mukati menjodzi apo masangano aripo anenge arasikirwa nokuvimbwa. Mitauro yakadai saNelson Mandela, Mahtma Gandhi, uye Martin Luther King Jr. yakawana chiremera chavo chikuru kubva musimba resimba. Zvisinei, chiremera chinokwezva hachisi chinhu chaichisina kusimba nemhaka yokuti chinotsamira pakubudirira nokukwirira kwomutungamiriri wacho. Pashure pokunge mutungamiriri aenda, chiremera chinofanira “kudzorwa kunzi chakarurama” muchimiro chakatsigadzikatirwa, kazhinji kupfurikidza nokuchinjira kumahofisi kana kuti miitiro.

Mutemo Wapamutemo

Kuiswa kwapamutemo ndiko chisakiso chehurumende dzazvino uno dzehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu. Chinova pachitendero chokuti chiremera chinoshandiswa mukuwirirana negadziriro yemitemo, mitemo, uye miitiro zvinoshanda zvakaenzana kuvagari vose vose. Vanhu vanoteerera kwete nemhaka yegamuchidzanwa kana kuti hunhu hwomutungamiriri, asi nemhaka yokuti vanogamuchira gadziriro yapamutemo seyakarurama neinosunga. Mutsika ino, chiremera chinobatanidzwa pamahofisi, kwete navanhu vamwe navamwe. Mitemo, mabumbiro emitemo, uye masangano anozvimirira ose anochengeta pamutemo. Ichi chimiro chinotsigadzika nemhaka yokuti chinogona kuchinja kupfurikidza nokuchinja kwapamutemo kupfurikidza nezvinotenderwa zvapamutemo, bva chinogona kushata kana vagari vakanzwisisa mutemo seasina kururama kana kuti kana masangano akava akaipa.

Chikonzero Nei Kururamisira Kuchikosha Nokuda Kwokusagadzikana Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kururama hakusati kuriwo zvako pfungwa isingaoneki; kune tapuro dzakananga, dzinooneka pakudzora.

Kushandisa Mutemo Nokuzvidira

Apo vagari vemo vanodavira kuti hurumende ine maruramiro okutonga, vane bviro huru yokutevera mitemo kunyange apo vaisabvumirana nayo. Uku kuzviisa pasi kwokuzvidira kunoshanda zvikuru kupfuura kumanikidza. Nzvero dzakaratidza kuti kutera mutero kwakakwira zvikuru munyika dzine nzwisiso dzakasimba zvikuru dzehurumende, uye kuti vagari vemo vanodisa zvikuru kubatira muhondo kana kuti kutora rutivi mumibato yehurumende apo vanovimba nehurumende. [[FLT: 0] Enclopedia Britannica inotsinhira kuti “kutendeudzira simba muchiremera kupfurikidza nokuita teerero basa retsika panzvimbo yengoziwo zvayo.

Kubatana Munzanga Nokubatana Kwenyika

Hurumende dzakarurama dzinogonawo kusimudzira pfungwa yokuzivikanwa kwakasiyana - siyana nechinangwa. Apo mapoka akasiana - siana ari mukati menzanga ose anogamuchira chiremera chimwe chetecho chezvamatongerwe enyika, sezvingabvira zvikuru angapedza rwisano kupfurikidza nekurukurirano panzvimbo pamasimba masimba. Somuenzaniso, pashure peparapatimendi yeZvokwadi yeSouth Africa neReconciliation Commission yakananga kuvaka pamutemo kupfurikidza nokubvuma kusaruramisira kwomunguva yakapfuura uye kuparira nhevedzano itsva yapamutemo. Uyu muitiro wakabetsera kudzivisa nyika kuti isapinda muhondo yavagari vemo. Pasina pamutemo, mapoka enzanga anogona kukudza, sezvinoonwa munyika umo mapoka edzinza kana kuti erudzidziso anoramba chiremera chehurumende chose chose.

Kumira Kwamarudzi Ose uye Kuoma Muviri

Kutendeseka kunokoshawo munhandare yamarudzi ose. Mitengo inozivikanwa seyapamutemo namamwe marudzi inogona kuita mibatanidzwa, kuchengetedzwa zviri nyore zvikuru, uye kutora rutivi muudzori hwenyika yose. Kuzivikanwa kwenyika dzose kazhinji kunotsamira pakuti hurumende yakasvika kusimba kupfurikidza nemitoo yapamutemo, inoremekedza maruramiro avanhu, uye inoomerera kutsika dzamarudzi ose. Somuenzaniso, United Nations inogarira zvigaro bedzi hurumende dzinorangarirwa zvakapararira sedzine chiremera. Nenzira yezvero inoonekwa sedzisiri dzapamutemo, dzakadai seidzo dzakatora simba kupfurikidza nemitemo yokupandukira hurumende kana kuti marumbishivhota, dzingatarisana nezvirango, kudzorwa, kudzorwa kwehurumende dzehurumende dzechimubatanidzwa wenyika dzose.

Zvinhu Zvinovaka Kana Kuti Zvisina Kufanira

Kutendeseka hakubvi panzvimbo imwe; kunogona kusimbiswa kana kuti kuderedzwa nokufamba kwenguva nezviito zvehurumende uye pfungwa dzevagari vemo.

Kushanda Kwehurumende uye Kuendeswa Kubasa

Vanhu sezvingabvira zvikuru vacharangarira hurumende seyapamutemo kana ichisvitsa zvinodikanwa zvavo zvikuru nekariro. Ikoku kunobatanidza kugovera chengeteko, gadziriro, tarisiro youtano, dzidzo, uye mikana yezvemari. Hurumende inokundikana kupa mabasa aya makuru. Nemhaka zvikurukuru mukati menjodzi dzakadai sengwavaira dzomusikirwo kana kuti zvirwere zvinopararira (jechangoerekana zvarasikirwa nechivimbo chavose). Somuenzaniso, kuita kunonoka kwehurumende yeVenezuela kukuputsika kwezvemari uye kuperevedza kwezvokudya kunoderedza zvakakomba kuva kwayo, kuchiparira kupesana kwakapararira uye kutaura kwapurezidhendi anokwikwikwidza.

Kutora Rutivi Rwezvematongerwe Enyika Nokuva Nevamwe Vose

Apo vagari vemo vanorangarira kuti vane inzwi rine revo muzvisarudzo zvamatongerwe enyika, kuva pamutemo kunowanzomuka. Miitiro inobatanidza yakadai sesarudzo yakasununguka neinosarudzwa, kubvunza kwavose, uye kuvimbisana kwenzanga yavagari vemo (chisarudzo chokuti hurumende inoremekedza kuda kwavanhu. Kune rumwe rutivi, miitiro yakadai sokudzvinyirira muvhoti, gerryder, kana kuti kurambidza mapoka anoshora anogona kubvisa hurumende. SSford Encyclopedia of Philosophy] inosimbisa kuti “kuyera pamutemo kunobva padavi revoidzo. inotsamira pakuti kana mitemo yokuita zvisarudzo imene yakarurama uye inogamuchirwa naavo.

Kuona Zvinhu Sezviri Kunaka, Kuzvidavirira, uye Kutongwa kwoMutemo

Kujeka mumabasa ehurumende uye mitsetse yakajeka yokuzvidavirira kunokosha nokuda kwokuchengeta kuva vapamutemo. Vagari vanofanira kukwanisa kuona kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei, kuti vakuru vakuru vane mutoro nokuda kwomufambiro wakaipa, uye chivimbo chokuti mutemo unoshanda zvakaenzana kumunhu ari wose, kubatanidza vane simba. Uori ndeimwe yenzira dzinokurumidza zvikurusa kuparadza pamutemo nemhaka yokuti inoratidzira kuti tsika inoiswa padivi ravashoma. Nhamburiko dzinozvimirira, masangano anorwisana nouori, uye muchina wakasununguka unogona kubetsera kudzivirira nenzira yakarurama kupfurikidza nokufumura nokushatisa nokubvumira vashatisi.

Kuremekedza Kodzero Dzavanhu Nerusununguko Rwavagari Vemo

Hurumende dzinodzivirira rusununguko runokosha(nzi rune simba), kuungana, rudzidziso, uye nguva dzose dzinorangarirwa sedzine maruramiro avanhu kupfuura ayo anodzidzvinyirira. Kuputswa kwekodzero dzavanhu, kwakadai sokuiswa mutorongo kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kutambudza, kana kuti kuuraya kwomuraudzo, hadzingokonzeri bedzi kuvadziko yakananga asiwo chiratidzo chokuti hurumende hairemekedzi chiremera chavagari vayo. Nokufamba kwenguva, ikoku kunoparira pfundepfundepfundepfunde nokudzivisa. Nenzira inopesana, nyika dzakadai seCanada nehurumende dzeNordic, idzo dzinova dzakatanhamara zvikuru muzvose zviri zviviri kuva nekodzero dzavanhu, dzinofarikanya kuva nomutemo wakasimba zvikuru mudzimba.

Matambudziko Nengozi Dzokuva Mubereki

Kunyange muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakasanogadzwa, kuva pamutemo kunogona kutarisana nedenho dzakakomba.

Uori uye Kubatwa Nehurumende

Apo vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoshandisa nzvimbo dzavo nokuda kwemhindu yomunhu oga, kunobvisa chitendero chokuti tsika yacho yakanaka. Uori hunogona kuva hwetsika, huchitapura chinhu chiri chose kubva pabvumirano inotusa kusvikira kumirairo yomutemo. Vagari vanorangarira ushati hwakapararira havangatongoripi mitero kana kuti kuteerera mitemo, vachiparira kuderera kukuru. World Bank yakapupurira kuti uori hunoderedza sei kuva nomutemo, zvikurukuru munyika dzichiri kubudirira umo kuvimba masangano kwatoderera. Kurwisa ushati kunoda kwete bedzi chinjo dzomutemo asiwo chinjo yetsika kukuzvidavirira kukuru.

Kuderera Kwezvemari Nokusaenzana

Dambudziko remari rakaitwa kwenguva refu, kushayikwa kwemabasa, uye kusaenzana kuri kuwedzera zvinogona kuderedza kubvumirwa kwemitemo. Kana vagari vemo vakafunga kuti gadziriro yezvemari yakaiswa mukurwisana navo, vangasava nechokwadi nokururamisira kwegadziriro yose yezvamatongerwe enyika. Njodzi yepasi pose ya2008, somuenzaniso, yakaparira kurwisana kwakapararira munyika dzakawanda uye kutsigira masangano evoruzhinji akadenha kutangwa kwemapoka. Nenzira yakafanana, kumukira kweArab Spring kwakawedzerwa nezvichemo zvemari pamwe chete nemirangariro yokusatendeseka kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurumende dzinokundikana kudzora njodzi dzemari dzingawana simba radzose.

Kunyora uye Kudzvinyirirwa

Nenzira inosetsa, hurumende dzinotsamira zvikuru pasimba kazhinji kazhinji dzinotambura nokuperevedza kwoururami. Kupfurikidza nokudzvinyirira kusabvumirana, kudzora zvinobudisa nhau, uye kubvisa makwikwi ezvematongerwe enyika, dzingawana dzikamo pfupi asi dzinorasikirwa nebvumiro yokuzvidira yedzose inodzorwa. Hurumende dzinotonga dzimwe nguva dzinogona kuchengeta kuva dzapamutemo kupfurikidza nokuita nenzira somuenzaniso, kupfurikidza nokubudisa kukura kwemari kunokurumidza, sezvakaita China kwamakumi amakore. Zvisinei, apo kuita kwacho kwakaderera, sezvakwakaita muSoviet Union mukati ma 1980, kushayikwa kwoudzori hwoudzori hwehurumende inosiya hurumende yapamutemo yavanhu. Kunyange muNorth Korea, hurumende inova nokuvimbika nguva dzose inova yakakwirira kupfurikidza namashoko anoparadzirwa uye namasangano ohunhu, asi inoramba iri pasi pezviito.

Kuparadzana Kwenzanga Nokuchinja

Munzanga dzakakamuraniswa zvikuru mumativi edzinza, orudzidziso, kana kuti epfungwa, kunogona kuva kwakaomera chiremera chipi nechipi chikuru kurangarirwa sechapamutemo namapoka ose. Kuparadzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kunotsigirwa nezvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga, kunogona kutungamirira kumugariro umo rutivi rumwe norumwe runorangarira rumwe serwenhema. United States yakatambura kuva nokuparadzana mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya, vamwe vagari vemo vachipanikira kuva nomutemo wemiuyo yechisarudzo. Apo zvikamu zvikuru zvavagari vemo zvinoramba mutemo wetsika, miitiro yedemocracy inogona kuva inodzorwa kana kuti kunyange kupunzika. Kukwa kwapamutemo mumashoko akadaro kunowanzoda kukurukurirana, kuchinja nzanga, uye nhamburiko dzokuita kuti zvizivikanwe.

Fundo Dzakakomba Mumutemo: Kubudirira Nokukundikana

Mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo inoratidzira kuti simba rokururama rinoita sei mugadziriro dzakasiana - siana dzezvamatongerwe enyika.Idzi nhau dzinoratidza kuti kuva pamutemo hakusati kuri kwechigarire; kunofanira kuchengetwa nokushingaira kana kuti kurasika kwengozi.

United States: Kutendeutswa Kwebumbiro remitemo Pasi Pokudzvinyirirwa

United States yakawana mukurumbira wayo munhau nenhau yayo yeBumbiro remitemo nemiitiro yayo yedemocracy. Kuzhinji kwenhau yayo, vaAmerica vakagamuchira zvikuru miuyo yesarudzo nechiremera cheDare Gurusa. Zvisinei, makore achangobva kupfuura aya akava nedenho dzinowedzera. Sarudzo yapurezidhendi 2020 yakateverwa nezvinotaurwa zvisina muenzaniso zvokubiridzira nokudenha padare remitemo yehurumende yeUnited States. Nzvero dzeChimiro chendangariro dzinoratidza kuti vashomanene veAmerica zvino vanopanikira kuvimbika kwegadziriro yevhoterano. Uku kuderera kwapamutemo kunotyisidzira kutsigarika kweimwe yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yekaresaresa. Nhambudzo dzokudzorera chivimbo dzingabatanidza kugadziridza dare rezvirongwa zvehurumende zvehurumende zvehurumende dzenyika, nhimberi dzemari, kuoneka yemari, uye dzidzo yenzanga itsva.

North Korea: Charismtic and Ideological Legitacy

North Korea inopa nhau yakakomba yoururami hunochengetwa kupfurikidza nemitoo yokuti mamwe marudzi mazhinji aizorangarira kuva anodzvinyirira. Kururama kwehurumende kunotsamira pamubatanidzwa wechiremera chesimba resimba (chitendero chemhuri cheKim), mativi egamuchidzanwa (kuremekedza madzimambo ne “nyuyo” pfungwa dzokuzvimirira kwemagariro echiso), uye kudzora mashoko. Kupfurikidza nokuparadzanisa chiverengero chayo chavagari vayo uye kuratidzira tyisidziro dzokunze, utungamiriri hunosimudzira nhau yokuti kupfurikidza nezviito zvipi nezvipi zvingava zvakaipa zvikuru. Nepo vacherekedzi vazhinji kunze kwenzvimbo dzinoona hurumende sedzisiri dzapamutemo, chikamu chavagari veNorth Korea chinoratidzika kuva chinotsigira zvapachokwadi, zvikurukuru avo vanobetserwa nayo. Ikoku kunoratidza kuti kuva nekodzero kazhinji muziso ravaoni, yakaumbwa namashoko uye vanhu.

South Africa: Kuvaka Mutemo Wapamutemo Pashure Pokusarurana

Kuchinja kweSouth Africa kubva kurusaruraganda kuenda kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu muenzaniso wakasimba wokuvakira pamutemo kubva pakucherekedzwa. Utongi hworusaruraganda, nepo hwakavakirwa pamutemo, hwakarangarirwa zvakapararira sehusiri hwepamutemo mose muri muviri mudzimba uye munyika yose nemhaka yokuti hwakaramba kodzero dzevagari voruzhinji. Sarudzo ya1994, umo Nelson Mandela akawana dare rehurumende, yakatanga nhevedzano itsva yepamutemo yakavakirwa pabumbiro remitemo rinofambira mberi uye dziviriro dzavanhu dzakasimba. Zvokwadi neConsolation Commission yaSouth Africa yakabetsera kupedza mhaka dzekare uye kusimudzira pfungwa yechinzwa kwenyika yose. Zvisinei, kusaenzana kwezve kwemari uye uori zvakaramba zvichikanganisa kuva pamutemo kwehurumende. African Congress Congress (AN) yakatarisana nokusarira kushatadzira kwavose, ichisimbisa kuti kunyange kodzero yakasarurwa zvikuru inogona kushata kana kubatira nokuperera.

Venezuela: Kutendeseka Mumutemo

Venezuela inoratidzira kuti kuva pamutemo kunogona kuva kwapamutemo sei kunopokanidzwa zvikuru. Hugo Chávez pakutanga akawana simba kupfurikidza nesarudzo yedemokrati ndokufarikanya tsigiro yakasimba yesimba, zvikurukuru pakati pavarombo. Hurumende yake yakawana pamutemo kubva kumitemo yokuparadzira nebumbiro remitemo idzva. Zvisinei, pashure porufu rwaChávez uye kutanga kwenjodzi yemari yakakomba, kuva nomutsivi wake, Nicolás Maduro, yakava nepanikiro. Vatungamiriri vanoshora vakataura kuti vvurukinyikidzi, uye nyika dzakawanda dzakaramba kuziva chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika chakarebesa, navatungamiriri vaviri vanorwisana vachitaura kuva musoro wapamutemo wehurumende. Chinovanesero, chinodzora chinogona kuva chisina kukwa, chinotungamirira kutambudzira vanhu nokutambura.

Mirangariro Yakakomba Pamusoro Pokuva Apamutemo

Kupfuura zvimiro zvakakurumbira zvaWeber, rondedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika yapa migariro mikuru inoverengeka pamusoro pokururama.

Kubvumirana Nedzidziso Nebvumirano Yenzanga

Mugamuchidzanwa rakasununguka, kuva pamutemo kunowanzobatanidzwa nokubvumira kwavadzorwi. Vafungi vakafanana naJohn Locke vakataura kuti hurumende yapamutemo inoparirwa nechibvumirano chenzanga umo vanhu vanorega nokuzvidira rusununguko rwakati mukutsinhana nokuda kwedziviriro yekodzero dzavo. Apo hurumende inoputsa bvumirano iyoyo (somuenzaniso, kupfurikidza nokushandisa zvisina kufanira kana kuti kukundikana kudzivirira maruramiro makuru anokosha.) Iyi pfungwa yakapesvedzera chinjo dzechiAmerica nerechiFrench uye inoramba iri pakati perondedzero yazvino uno yedemocracy. Rondedzero yeConvsand inoisa ratidziro kuti isati iri idiro idiro inorevawo zvayo asi rutongeso runedzo: hurumende isingafarikanidzwi navanhu vayo haina pamutemo.

Ubati Ushe Hwenyika Hwakaipa Nounyengeri

Rondedzero dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi dzinosimbisa basa rokurangarira kwavose mukuita kuti pave noururami. Muzivi Jürgen Habermas akarangarira kuti mitemo nemitemo zvapamutemo bedzi kana zvingagona kubvumiranwa kupfurikidza navagari vemo vakasununguka uye vakaenzana mumuitiro unoyera. Ikoku kunopfuura kungova nechisarudzo; kunoda kuti kuita chisarudzo kuve kwakazaruka, kunofungwa, uye kusingasaruri. Democracy inorocy inoronga kuita kuti kuve pamutemo kupfurikidza norudzi rwehurukuro dzavo dzavose panzvimbo pomutemo mukuru. Kushanda kunoshanda kunoshanda kunobatanidza magungano, mari yokushandisa mari inobhadharwa, uye kurangaridza pachena. Izvi zvinogona kuvandudza kuva pamutemo kupfurikidza nokupa vanhu inzwi chairo uye pfungwa yokuti vapiwe zvinhu zvavo, kunyange kana vasina kuwanda.

Kutonga MumaOuntacracy

Hakusi kuva pamutemo kwose kuri kwoutongi hwehurumende. Inogonawo kufarikanya pamutemo kana ikagovera dzikamo, chengeteko, kana kuti kukura kwemari kunosvitsa kariro dzavagari vemo. Chibvumirano cheChina chomukomonisiti, somuenzaniso, chinochengeta kuva chapamutemo zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nokuita. Kukwidziridza mazana amamirioni muurombo uye kupa fambiro yemisi inopfuudzira. Inoshandisawo kutaura kwourudzi nokudzora nhau kuparira pfungwa yegamuchidzanwa. Nepo kusavapo kwesarudzo dzakasununguka kungaderedza pamutemo mugadziriro yehurumende yedemocracy, hakusati kuchirerutsa hakwo hakwo mumugariro wakati umo vagari vaso vanokosha mumugariro uye fambiro mberi yezvinhu pamusoro pokutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Kunzwisisa ikoku kunobetsera chikonzero nei mamwe zviremera zvehurumende zvapamutemo zvichiva zvapamutemo nenzira inoshamisa zvikuru.

Kuyera Mutemo

Zvisinei, masayendisiti ezvematongerwo enyika anoshandisa zviratidzo zvinoverengeka kuti aone kana hurumende kana kuti masangano ezvematongerwo enyika ari epamutemo.

  • Vimba ne Institutions: Nzvero dzakadai seWorld Vativi vemipimo nevanonzvera venharaunda vanobvunza vagari vemo kuti vane chivimbo chakadini mumasangano akadai separamende, dare redare, uye mapurisa. Chivimbo chakaderera kazhinji kazhinji chinoratidzira kuperevedza kwapamutemo.
  • . . . [Apo asati ari mwero wakakwana, muvhoti mukuru anogona kuratidzira kuti vagari vemo vanodavira nhau dzavo dzevhoti uye kuti tsika ndeyapamutemo. Nenzira inopesana, kuvhotera kwakaderera zvikuru kana kuti kutsutsumwa kungakarakadza kuparadza.
  • Kuwirirana neMitemo: Mwero yokunzvenga mutero, chiokomuhomwe, uye zvimwe zvimiro zvokusawirirana zvinogona kuratidzira nzwisiso dzoururami. Kana vanhu vachiputsa mitemo nguva dzose pasina mhaka, chiremera chehurumende sezvingabvira chinoneta.
  • Kutsigikana kwechipo: Kuramba, kubvisa hurumende, kana kuti kusagadzikana kwevagari vemo zviratidzo zvinooneka zvokuti zvikamu zvinokosha zvechiverengero chavagari vemo hazvigamuchiri maruramiro ehurumende okutonga. Fragile States Index inobatanidza mwero worumano rwehurumende mukunzvera kwacho.
  • International International Bristand: Nhamba yenyika dzinochengeta ukama hwemibatanidzwa yehurumende uye kuva pamutemo kunopiwa namasangano amarudzi ose seChibatanwa chaMarudzi zviratidzo zvokunze.

Mugumisiro: Kukosha Kusingaperi Kwoutere

Kutendeuka kunoramba kuri pfungwa huru uye inokosha mukunzwisisa chiremera chezvamatongerwe enyika. Hachisi chinhu chakatsiga icho hurumende ine kana kuti isingagoni; panzvimbo pezvo, inovakwa nokukwikwidziridzwa kupfurikidza nezviito zvavatungamiriri, mhinduro dzavagari vemo, uye mashoko enhau akapoteredza. Hurumende dzinoisa mukuona, kushanda, uye kutora rutivi kwakajeka dzinova nomurangariro wakasimba zvikuru, nepo avo vanovimba nokumanikidza, uori, uye pakupedzisira kutarisana nokubvuma. Sezvinowedzera kuzivikanwa zvikuru kwavagari vemo, zvinodikanwa zvemitengo, zvinongova bedzi zvinowedzera. Kuziva zvinhu zvinovaka nokuputsa nokusatenderwa kunobetsera vagari, vagadziri vemitengi, uye nyanzvi dzinosimbisa masangano anoita kuti pave norugare uye vadzore zvakanaka. Nokuda kwokurava, [FLT] Sayerst FF]