Nhoroondo Yokuti Zvinhu Zvakaitika Zvakaitika

Mhindumupindu yemiitiro yesarudzo munzanga dzedemocracy inosvika shure, inoratidzira kuedza kupfuurira kwavanhu kudzikamisa chiremera nebvumirano yakakurumbira. Nepo murangariro wazvino uno wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu unowanzotevera kuAthens yakare, mienzaniso yapakuvamba yokuita zvisarudzo zvakabatana iripo. MuVdic India, munenge muzana ramakore rechi6 BCE, marepublic amarudzi anonzi jetah . Kuedza kwapakuvamba kwakaratidzira kuti kugona kubatira boka ramasangano apo mitezo inovhota nhaura pamusoro penhau dzenyika. Nenzira yakafanana, Norse [[FLT:]] inobvumira [FLT] gadziriro yezana] muScandinavia kubvumira vatungamiriri nokugadzirisa nharo. Uku kwapakuvamba kwakaratidzira kuti kugona kukwanisa kuwirirana neboka panzvimbo pokuwana.

Atene Yakare Nokutanga Kwehurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu Chaidzoidzo

Pakasvika zana ramakore rechi5 BCE, Athens yakakudziridza chimiro chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vose chakananga umo vagari vemo vechirume vaigona kuvhota pamitemo nezvisarudzo zvehurumende mu Ekklesia[ (zvisingadzorwi). Mitoo yokuvhota yapakuvamba yakavandika yaivavarira kuderedza pesvedzero netyisidziro. Zvisinei, kutora rutivi kwakaganhurirwa kuchiverengero chavagari vemo chapasi, varandakadzi, uye vatorwa. Muenzanisiro weAtene wakaratidza zvose zviri zviviri simba neganhuriro yakananga yavagari vemo.

Roman Republic: Kuchinja Kunoita Mumiririri

Roma yekare yakasuma masangano avamiriri aizopesvedzera hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu gare gare. Roman Republic yakava namagungano akawanda (se Centuriate Assembly ne Trinity) uko vagari vemo vakavhota neboka (pakati kana kuti ndudzi). Kubudisa kwakatanga kutaurwa, asi pakasvika zana ramakore rechipiri BCE, [[FLL:0] marex Gabinia tablia iriria [[FLD] yakasuma magungano akanyorwa nokuda kwezvisarudzo kuti vadzivirire vavhoti. Kudzora kweRoma kwakaratidzirawo kunzverawo nokuganhurira pakati pezviteshi, senga, uye magungano akakurumbira, murangariro uyo wakaumbwa negadziriro yazvino unoumba pamutemo. Pasinei zvapo neizvi, kufambira mberi kwehurumende yeRoma yakachengeta origictic, nesimba guru pakati pemhuri dzechipariti.

Kuedza Kwenguva Yepakati Neyekare uye Kwemazuva Ano

MuMiddle Ages, miitiro yedemocracy yakapukunyuka muzvimiro zvakaganhurirwa. Magna Carta (1215) yakatanga nheyo yokuti mambo akanga asina kudarika mutemo uye yakatungamirira kukuumbwa kweParamende yeEngland. Pakasvika zana ramakore rechi13, Model Paramende (1295) yakabatanidza vamiriri vakasarudzwa kubva mumiganhu nevoruvara, yakaronga nheyo dzehurumende inomirira. muSwitzerland, Landsmeinde system inobvumira vagari vemo mumimwe michina kuvhota zvakananga mitemo kupfurikidza nokusimudza maoko (8595), tsika dzinopfuurira munzvimbo shomanene nhasi.

Iyi mienzaniso yenhau inoratidza kuti zvinhu zvehwaro zvesarudzo dzazvino uno , marobhoti akavanzika, mufananidzo() hazvina kuitwa zvose panguva imwe asi zvakashanduka mumazana amakore emuedzo, rwisano, uye kuchinjika. Nokuda kwokuraviwazve kwemiitiro yekare yedemocracy, Encclopedia Britannica pademocracy [ inogovera kupetwa kwakakwana.

Kubudirira Kukuru Muzvirongwa Zvokusarudza

Kubvira muzana remakore rechi18 zvichienda mberi, masangano evavhota akachinja zvinhu zvokuti vanhu vaingotorawo zvimwe zvinhu chete uye vaiita kuti zvinhu izvi zvive zvakarurama; zvaiitwa nemasangano enzanga, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye kurwisana mune zvematongerwo enyika.

Kuvhakacha Kwakavanzika

Pamberi pezana ramakore rechi 19, vavhoti vazhinji vaida kuti vavhoti vazivise pachena chisarudzo chavo, nenzwi kana kuti zvimwe nokuisa chivhoti chine mavara chinopiwa nebato rezvamatongerwe enyika. Iyi gadziriro yakaita kuti vavhoti vave vane ngozi kupfumbamuromo, tyisidziro, uye matsive. Yakavanzika ive yakakurumbira neSouth Australia (yakatanga kugamuchirwa nenzira yapamutemo neSouth Australian , uye dzimwe nyika dzeAustralia) dzinoteverwa ne "Australian bolot". Yakatara seriterusaro yetendero yakasarudzwa. [Flectal]

Kurwa Kwomunyika Yose Nokurwira Kurwa

Kodzero dzokutumira dzakaganhurirwa pakuvamba kuvakuru vakuru veminda. Zana ramakore rechi 19 nerechi20 rakaona futunuko refu, yakakwikwidza kukwikwidzana. Nhambo huru inobatanidza:

  • [[FLT: 0] Kutsaudzira zvikwaniriso zvezvinhu: Pakasvika pakati pezana ramakore rechi19, nyika zhinjisa dzeU.S. dzakanga dzabvisa zvinodikanwa zvezvinhu nokuda kwavarume vachena, dzichitambanudzira kuvhotera kuchiverengero chikuru chavagari vavanhurume.
  • Chirango chavakadzi: New Zealand yakava nyika yokutanga kuzvitonga kupa vakadzi vhoti muna 1893 (neganhuriro). United States yakatevera neGaramende re 19 muna 1920, uye UK yakapa shamhu yakaenzana muna 1928. Nyika yose, kudzorwa kwavakadzi kwaidikanwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji makumi amakore echiito.
  • Masangano ekodzero: MuUnited States, Voting Rights Act ya1965 yakanga iri miitiro yokudzosa, kurambidza upamhi semiedzo yokunyora nokunyora nemitero yokuvhota iyo inobvisa vagari vemo veBlack. Kurwisana kwakafanana kwakaitika muSouth Africa, India, uye kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
  • Kupa nhambo yokuvhota: Mukati menhambo yeHondo yeVietnam, nyika zhinji dzakaderedza zera rokuvhota kubva pa 21 kusvikira ku 18 (mutoo, U.S. 26th Amendment muna 1971, UK muna 1969). Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, mamwe marudzi akakurukura kukwikwidza kwepwere kwamazera 16 ne 17.

Kuvhota kwenyika yose kunoramba kuri basa rinopfuurira: Kubvira muna 2025, nyika shomanene dzichiri kuganhurira kuvhota kwakavakirwa pachimiro chomunhurume, chedzinza, kana kuti chougari hwemo, uye mitemo yemahofisi anovhota kana kuti miganhu yokunyoresa inogona kubvisa nenzira inobudirira mapoka akaderedzwa.

Zvigadzirwa Zvine Simba Pakugadzira Mari

Makambani okukanda bhora akachinja kubva panzwi nepapepa kuva michina uye michina inoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu.

  • Michina yemichina yokushandisa: yakaiswa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, iyoyi yakabvumira vavhoti kudhonza zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa pedyo namazita avaida kuvhota, nomuchina uchinyora vhiyi nenzira yemichina. Vakavandudza kumhanya uye vakaderedza mabhora asina simba, asi vakanga vasina nzira yepepa yokuongorora.
  • Gadziriro dzemakadhi dzechiPunch: dzakashandiswa zvikuru kuvambira muma 1960 kusvikira kuma 1990, ava vaida vavhoti kuti varove maburi mukadhi (mutoo, dare rakaipa "kuvhura chad" kubva muna 2000 U.S. sarudzo yapurezidhendi). Dzakagonesa kudzokororwa nokukurumidza asi dzakatambura nezvikanganiso nezvitambudzo zvinorondedzera.
  • Michina yekuvhota yakatanga kuzivikanwa pashure pa2000, michina yokuvhota ichiratidza kuvhura yaigovera zvinhu zvokuvhura zvinoremara. Zvisinei, kunetseka pamusoro pekuchengeteka kwepurogiramu dzekombiyuta nokushayikwa kwemapepa aishandiswa kubudisa mashoko kwakatungamirira kumativi akawanda okudzosera kugadziriro dzemascape eoptic escape dzinoverenga mapepa bhalots anonyorwa nemaoko.
  • [[FLT: 0] Marobhoti okunzvera eOptical: Nhasi, nharaunda dzakawanda dzinoshandisa mapepa akazara nomuvhoti, ipapo kuongororwa ndokuverengwa pakombiyuta. Ikoku kunopa mukoto wekuongorora mapepa wakatevedzerwa uku uchichengeta kumhanya kwemagetsi.

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runopfuurira kuumba sarudzo, asi kutanga zvimwe zvinhu kunotakura kubviswa kwezvokutengeserana pakati pezvakanakira, chengeteko, uye kujeka. Pew Research Center paruzivo rwokuvhota kunopa kupeta kupfupikiswa kukuru kweizvi zvinoitika nekurukurirano dzazvino.

Kuongorora Kunoenzaniswa Kwemapurogiramu Okusarudza

Vatongi munyika yose vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana kushandura vhoti muzvigaro. Kusarudzwa kwegadziriro yokuvhota kunotapura zvikuru nhamba nemhatsa yemapoka, rudzi rwemimiririri, uye kunyange muvhoti. Kunzwisisa izvi miitiro kunokosha mukunzvera miuyo yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kutanga-Past-the Post (FPTP)

FPTP, inozivikanwawo se "winner-takes-all," inokamura nyika kuva maruwa ane mitezo imwe. Mutsigiri ane vhoti zhinjisa (kunyange asingasviki vazhinji) anokunda chigaro. Anoshandiswa muUnited States, Canada, United Kingdom, uye India, FPP yakapfava uye inoparira miuyo yakajeka. Zvisinei, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inotungamirira kumiuyo mishomanene. $8% yezvigaro zvine mavhoti mashoma zvikuru kupfuura ruzhinji. Inowanzoda masangano maviri ezvikamu uye inogona kusiya vavhoti vazhinji vasingamirirwi. Somuenzaniso, muvhoti yeUK, Conserverativer Party yakawina 36.9% yevhovhota.

Mufananidzo weProto (PR)

Masangano ePR anovavarira kugovera zvigaro mukuenzanisa nezvivhoti zvinogamuchirwa nebato rimwe nerimwe. Varwi vanobatanidza:

  • Party PR: Voters dzinosarudza pati, uye zvigaro zvinogoverwa pachivako chevhoti yorudzi kana kuti nharaunda (g., Sweden, Netherlands, Israel). Ikoku kunoguma neparamende dzine makamu akawanda uye kunokurudzira hurumende dzinobatana.
  • [ , imo mumitemo-MEMber Propotionel (MMP): inobatanidza maruwa ane mitezo imwe ane ndaza yenyika yokutsiva kushambadzira. Germany neNew Zealand dzinoshandisa MMP, dzichiita mufananidzo wakadzikama.
  • Mubato mumwe unopfuudzwa: unoshandiswa muIreland neMalta, STV inobvumira vavhoti kuva varongi mumaruwa ane mitezo mizhinji. Kunoita miuyo inowirirana uye kunopa vavhoti chisarudzo kwete bedzi pakati pamapati asiwo pakati pavadaviri mukati memapati.

Gadziriro dzePR dzinokombamira kuparira gutsikano yakakwirira zvikuru nomuvhoti noumiriri nokuda kwezvishomanene, asi dzinogonawo kutungamirira kuparamende dzakakamukana nechinetso kuumba hurumende dzakatsiga.

Ranked-Choice Voting (RCV)

RCV, inonziwo kuvhota kwapakarepo, inobvunza vavhoti kuti vade kuvhota mudanho. Kana pasina mutengi akawana ruzhinji rwamavhoti okutanga, muvhoti wokupedzisira anobviswa, uye vhoti nokuda kwomutengi iyeyo dzinogamuchirwa kune chimwe chinhu chinotevera. Uyu muitiro unopfuurira kusvikira mumwe mutezo asvika voruzhinji. Australia inoshandisa RCV nokuda kweimba yayo yakaderera, uye U.S. maguta anoverengeka (umr. San Francisco, New York nokuda kwezvirongwa) akaigamuchira. RCV inobvisa kudikanwa kwokuparadza kusarudza, inokurudzira kutsigira kwakananga, uye inogona kushatisaniswa nokukwirira kukuru.

Gadziriro imwe neimwe inoratidzira zvinhu zvokutanga zvakasiyana: FPP inoisa nhevedzano nokuzvidavirira kwakajeka; PR inosimbisa kururama nomufananidzo; RCV inosimbisa chisarudzo nomuvhoti nebvumirano. Conference yeNyika yeState Legislatures website ye[[FLT: 1] inogovera kuenzaniswa kune udzame kweidzi gadziriro nokugamuchirwa kwadzo munyika dzakasiana - siana.

Basa Rezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Muzvisarudzo Zvazvino Uno

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvino rwakazara mudanho riri rose revhotal, kubvira pakunyoreswa kwevhoti kusvikira pakuverengwa kwenhamba.

Kunyoresa Pakombiyuta

Nyika dzakawanda zvino dzinobvumira vavhoti kunyoresa kana kuti kuvandudza udzame hwavo paIndaneti. Izvi zvinoderedza mari inodzorwa, zvinovandudza kururama nokubvisa mapepa okunyoresa, uye zvinogona kuwedzera mwero yokunyoresa, kunyanya pakati pevavhoti vaduku. Somuenzaniso, pashure pokunge Oregon atanga kunyoresa kwokuvhota neavhota neavhoti paIndaneti, inonyoreswa neanopfuura 300 000 mugore rokutanga. Asi makombiyuta anofanira kudzivirirwa pakuvhura zvinhu uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vemo vakakodzera vanogona kunyoresa.

Zvinobudisa Nhau Zvenzanga Nokuronga

Zvikamu zvemasangano enzanga zvakachinja nzira iyo vada kutaurirana nayo navavhoti. Tacket, Facebook, naTik Tok vanobvumira zvakananga, kutumira mashoko kusingagadziriswi, kupfuudza vachengeti vemagedhi enhau. Ikoku kunogona kuwedzera kuvimbisana namashoko asi kunogonesawo kupararira kunokurumidza kwemashoko okushambadza maduku, uye kudzokororwa kwedzimwe nyika. 2016 U.S. sarudzo nejara ra 2019 zveIndia zvakaratidzira zvose zviri zviviri simba nengozi yenzanga mumavhota. Somugumisiro, nyika dzakawanda dziri kusimukira miraudzo yezvo yokushambadza kwezvamatongerw enyika nenhema.

Kugadzira Magetsi Nemagetsi Zviri Kure

Michina yokuvhota yemagetsi (EVM) uye kuvhota kweInternet zvakagamuchirwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo kuti zvivandudze kushanda nokuwana. Estonia ndipiyona: Chifo cha 2005, vavhoti veEstonia vanogona kukanda mavhota paIndaneti vachishandisa kadhi reID rakachengeteka, uye inenge 46% yavavhoti zvino vavhota. Betsero dzinobatanidza betsero nokuda kwomuvhoti wemhiri kwamakunze navanhu vakaremara. Zvisinei, kuitira hanya pamusoro pokuputsa, mazawa, uye kusabvira kwekurondedzera kwomuviri kunoramba zvipingamupinyi zvikuru. Nyika dzakafanana neUnited States dzakadzivisa zvikuru kuvhotera nokuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwavose, kunyange zvazvo makambani akavanzika avanhu vakafanana naVoatz akatungamirira mapurogiramu ehondo.

Denho iri kubatira pamwe nebetsero dzoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu nepo dzichichengeta kuva kwechokwadi nechivimbo icho chinoparira sarudzo yedemocracy. Brennan Center yeChiratidzo nguva dzose inonzvera kushambadzira pakati pekugadzirwa kwechinhu nechengeteko yesarudzo.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nezvirongwa Zvokukunda

Pasinei zvapo nefambiro mberi, miitiro yokusarudza muhurumende dzakawanda dzinosarudzwa navanhu iri mudzvinyiriro.Pazasi pane denho huru dzinoda ngwariro.

Kudzvinyirirwa Nemhinganidzo Dzokuwana

Kudzvinyirira kworusando kunonongedzera kumiitiro inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru kuti mamwe mapoka avhote. Iyi inogona kubatanidza mitemo yemuvhoti akasimba, kubviswa kwemivhoti, kuderedzwa kwamazuva okuvhota apakuvamba, kuvharwa kwenzvimbo dzokuvhotera munharaunda duku, uye felony directivementment. MuUnited States, chisarudzo cheDare Rapamusorosoro ra 2013 muShelby County v. Raker rakanetesa muganhu weRedect, kuchitungamirira kukuderera kweganhuriro itsva. Nenzira yakafanana, mune dzimwe nyika, zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa zvinotapura nokuwana kwakaderera nokukwira kwavagari vemo. Mukuwirirana ne[FLT:] Branncan Center [[FLT]]], idzi mhinganidzo dzinogona kudzosanwa nomwerodzi.

Kusazivisa uye Kusaziva

Zera remitengo rakawadzanyura kupararira kwamashoko enhema kana kuti anotsausa pamusoro pavatengi, mitemo, uye mutoo wokuvhota zvimene. Disformation `dilibery'risiri renhema iri mukati maro(-aposm), inogona kuparadzirwa navatambi vokumwe, mapoka edzimba, kana kuti kunyange vavadariro. Mukati ma 2020 U. sarudza, kutaura kwenhema pamusoro pekuvhota kwakapararira kwemuvhoti akakuchidzira chivimbo chavose, kuchiguma nokudenha Capitol. Mune dzimwe nyika, kufanana neBrazil nePhilippines, majeridhesi akadzora mapurogiramu okudzidza nokunyora mashoko. Kupesana ikoku kunoda mapurogiramu okunyora nokunyora, kuzvidavirira kwezvirongwa zvezviteshi, uye kushambadzira kusingadzorengwi navanhu vose.

Kuchinja Zvematongerwe Enyika

Utongi hunosarudzwa navanhu hwakawanda huri kuva nokuparadzana kukuru kwezvamatongerwe enyika uko kunodzivisa batira pamwe uye kunobvisa chivimbo mumasangano anosarudza. Apo vagari vanorangarira mapoka anoshora kwete semakwikwi apamutemo asi setyisidziro dziripo, vangagamuchira (kana kuti kuraira kuti “‘ zviito zvedemocraticism ’ zvikuhwine. Kuchinja kunogona kutungamirira kukubvisa miraudzo inopesana, kuramba kugamuchira miuyo yesarudzo, uye kuisa muganhu mumiitiro yokusarudza. Somuenzaniso, muUnited States, pesenti yavavhotera vanovimba negadziriro yesarudzo inosiyana zvikuru nebato, naDemocrats naRepublicans vane mirangariro inopesana zvikuru papereko. Kuramba kusarura kunoda kuvandudza masangano akafara, kutsinhiranoyambuka, uye kuzvipira kupfurikidza kutsika kwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Kutya

Zvirongwa zvokusarudza ($vhotater projects systems orgondations, michina yokuvhota, zvirongwa zvokudzivirira magetsi zvinoda kudzorwa pakombiyuta. Muna 2016, vagadziri vejeri vokuRussia vakaongorora gadziriro dzesarudzo muhurumende dzose 50 uye vakabudirira kuputsa mamwe mapepa. Kunyange zvazvo pasina mavhoti akachinjwa, chiitiko chakaratidzwa, michina inodzivirira. Kubvira ipapo, nyika dzakawanda dzakaomesa dziviriro yadzo, kuvamba mapepa echiteji, masvoreji, uye kusimbisa kwakawanda. Bva tyisidziro dzinoramba: rudzikinuro rwaigona kukiya masangano esarusarudzo, kana kuti mavhidhiyo akadzika aigona kufukidza zviteshi zvenzanga zvenzanga. Chiteshina chemari uye batira pamwero wamarudzi ose zvinokosha kuti zvigare mberi.

Miitiro Yenguva Yemberi Mugadziriro Dzokusarudza

Tichitarira mberi, kuvandudza kunoverengeka uye kuchinja kwokugadzira zvingachinja nzira iyo hurumende dzinosarudzwa nehurumende dzinosarudzwa.

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa Nezvigadzirwa Zvemashoko

AI sezvingabvira ichaita basa guru mukuronga nhimbe, kuvhota, uye kudzorwa kwezvisarudzo. Mifanikiso yokudzidza yemichina inogona kunzvera mashoko makuru okuziva vatsigiri vanobvira, kufanotaura, uye midziyo yenhimbe yakanakisisa. Zvisinei, A inogonawo kushandiswa kubudisa kupwisa (maeefakesi) kana kuti vanhu vanotapurwa nemitsetse miduku miduku ine mashoko anopesvedzera. Vatungamiriri vemichina vanogona kushandisa AI kucherekedza mavhota kana kuti kuziva mitoo inonyumwira kuvhotera.

Kudzivisa uye Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Rwakaparadzirwa

Blockchain anopa nzira yokunyora nayo vhoti murusarudzo runooneka, runooneka, uye runonatswa. Vatsigiri vangagona kugonesa kuvhota kwakachengeteka paInternet nepo vachibvumira munhu upi noupi kuyera nhamba yamavhoti. Miedzo miduku yakaitwa munyika dzakadai seSwitzerland, Estonia, uye West Virginia (USA) nokuda kwavavhoti vokunze. Zvisinei, chikwangwa hachisi chisakiso chetsono: hachipedzi chinetso chokuvhotera (kuedza munhu ari seri kweterevhizheni), uye kombiyuta kana kuti kombiyuta yevhotera inogona kurambwa. Kuwedzera, kuoma kuvhiringidza vadzokororwa kungavhiringidza navavhotera. Kugamuchira kunobvira kuri kure, asi kupfuurira kunzvera.

Kunyoresa Musi Wose Wose

Kuwedzera ndokuderedza mhinganidzo, miganhu mizhinji iri kuvambira pamisi inonyoreswa yegamuchidzanwa kusvikira kurusa rwezuva rimwe chetero (vavhoti vanobvumira kunyoresa pavhota) kana kuti kunyoresa kwokuzviitikira (uko hurumende inonyoresa vagari vemo vakakodzera kutoti vasarudza). Kubvira muna 2025, nyika dzinopfuura 20 U.S. uye District yeColumbia zvine kunyoresa kumwe cheteko, uye nhamba iri kuwedzera nguva dzose kuva inonyoresa. Iyi mitemo inosimudzira kunyorwa, zvikurukuru pakati pevaduku navagari vemo vanotakurwa. Kuchinja kwakafanana kuri kuitirwa nharo muCanada neUK.

Mipimo Yokusarudza Munyika Yose Nokuchengeta Kwamarudzi Ose

Sezvo hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ikapararira uye inokura, kune fariro inowedzera mukugadza mipimo yamarudzi ose nokuda kwesarudzo dzapachena nedzakarurama. Masangano akafanana neUnited Nations, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Areplation, uye Carter Center inotogovera nhungamiro nemirairo yokucherekedza. Miitiro yenguva yemberi ingabatanidza kubatira zvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose pasarudzo pakombiyuta, pachivandika chenhau, uye miraudzo yenhau. Masangano anogona kugoverana miitiro yakanakisisa zvikuru nomutoo wakarongwa, uye mipimo yenyika yose ingabetsera kubuda mudemo yehurumende.

mhedziso

Mhindumupindu yemiitiro yesarudzo mumasangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inozivisa kubatanidzwa kukuru kwenhau, kurwisana kwenzanga, uye ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Kuvambira pakunyorwa kwakaderera kwezvaenga zvechiGiriki kusvikira kuzvinhu zvakavanzika zvakavanzika zvekuvhota zveEstonia. Nguva imwe neimwe yakavakira panheyo dzakapfuura apo inotarisana nedenho itsva. Nhasi, tyisidziro dzehurumende dzinobva mukubvisa, uye computersecult reconvective recurial recurialture, uye comfective recurences, brigitting. Asi nhau yekusarudza mari yemishoni inovawo yakakwirira iimwe nhambo nemwero yeteko inowirirana nechengeteko yokuchengeteka, uye kuwirirana navagari vemo vebasa rinowirirana neiri, asi masangano renyika dzose dzinogona kupfuumbika kudzivirira kupfurikidza nokusarira kupfurikidza kupfurikidza nokusaririra kupfurikidza nebasa.