Raje Sabra, seimba yapamusoro yeParamende yeIndia, ine nzvimbo inosiyanisa inoumba zvikuru mamiriro emitemo ezvemari enyika. Nepo Lok Sabhaha inowanzobata ngwariro yavose sekamuri rakasarudzwa zvakananga, Rajiya Sabhaha inorevesa, mutevedzeri wehurumende inoita kuti ive nzvimbo inokosha yokuongorora nokunatsa mamiriro ezvemari. Nyaya ino inoongorora basa reRajiya Sabba renyika dzakawanda mukuumbwa kwemiitiro yezvemari, kubva pakuongorora nokutarisira kumirira fariro dzehurumende nedzidzo yezvoruzivo rwezvoupfumi.

Masangano Ebumbiro Remitemo Ebasa Remari reRaje Sabha

Yakagadzwa pasi peChikamu 80 cheBumbiro reMitemo, Raje Sabha yakagadzirwa sedare rechigarire, rinopfuurira risingadzokerwi. Mitezo yaro inosarudzwa nenzira isina kunanga namagungano ehurumende ehurumende (nedzimwe shomanene dzakasarudzwa naPurezidhendi nokuda kwebasa rakatanhamara muunyanzvi, mabhuku, sayenzi, uye mabasa enzanga). Iyi gadziriro inovimbisa kuti Rapya Sabbaha inogovera murangariro unotsigisa, wenguva refu pamuitiro wenyika, kubatanidza mutemo wezve zvoupfumi.

Kusafanana neLok Sabha, uko voruzhinji vehurumende vanogona kupfuudza nokukurumidza zvikwereti zvemari, chinyorwa chaRaje Sabha chinowanzoratidzira mubatanidzwa mukuru wefariro dzenharaunda nedzezvamatongerwe enyika. Iri sangano rehurumende rinoreva kuti mirau yemari inonzverwa kwete bedzi kupfurikidza nerenji renyika asiwo kupfurikidza netabhuro yemiuyo yehurumende, shamhu yehurumende, uye kuwirirana kweruwa pasi peChikamu 107 neChikamu 108 chinoibvumira kuva chiremera chokuramba, mudzori wemari, kana kuti kunonotsa zvikwereti zvemari (kudzora ganhuriro dzakati) nezvikweretiwo zvawo, nokudaro ichiita secherekedzo inokosha pachisarudzo chomugariro wemari.

Masimba Omutemo: Unyengeri Nokutsigira Mutemo Wezvemari

Mabhiriyoniwo Zvawo: Basa Romunhu Woga

Nokuda kwemabhiriwosero anozivikanwa navose (anobatanidza ruwara rukuru rwemitemo yemari yakadai seCompanies Act, Act yeMukwikwidzano, mitemo yokushambadza, uye mitemo yemitemu yenzvimbo.) Rajiya Sabba ine simba rakaenzana neLok Sabba. Hapana mutemo wavose unogona kuva mutemo kutopfuudzwa nedzimba dzose. Izvi zvinopa Rajiya Sabba astani yakaderera yakaderera pazvinooma kugadziriswa mari. Somuenzaniso, [[FLT:]] Manyuko neBasitorendi (GST) Act[FLT: yakaitwa namaunesero zvikuru muJajya Sabbaha, umo manyuko mazhinji akakarakadzwa kukuva mutengo mari yadzorwa kupfurikidza nokuna mutengo. Nomutengo. Nomutoo weBHAURO]

Mabhiri Emari: Kutarisira Kunodzvinyirirwa asi Kune Revo

Chikamu 110 chinorondedzera mabhiri seaya anobata nemitero, kukwereta kwehurumende, uye ndyiko kubva kuConstad Fund. Nepo Rajiya Sabha asingagoni kuramba bhiri remari, kunogona kurumbidza bedzi kugadziridzwa mukati mamazuva 14. Zvisinei, iyi ganhuriro haipi nzvimbo yapamusoro. Mukushanda, Rajishima Sabba remifungo pamari yemari ine ukoshi hukuru hwezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru apo hurumende inoshaiwa voruzhinji muimba yapamusoro. Zviitikosha zvinobatanidza kugadziriswa kwe $2017 ku Beats] naMabasa (Choma resigno) Act [FLT] [FLT:], apo Rajahaha inorumbidza mari yokupedzisira. Chikwereti chitsaro chamaza. Chikwereti chitsaro chamapepa chikabatanidza chitsarudzo chakanziro charo charo. Chikwereti chakato chamakurukuru [Fose ]

Simba Rokuchinja uye Zvikamu

Rajiya Sabra Sabra basa romutemo rinotambanukira kukugadziridza kuratidzira migariro yemari yenharaunda. Somuenzaniso, mukati mokupfuura kwe Maract Repeal Act (201), kurukurirano dzeRajiya Sabba yakasimbisa itiro remiganhu yokurima yakadai sePunjab naHaryana, inotungamirira kusuturo hurusa nokuda kwavarimi. Nenzira yakafanana, [[FLT:]] Mutemo unobvumira (Chitendero) Bill), 2022 [FLT] akaona Rajisha yakananga sha nhevedzano yemitengo nokuda kwemabhangi, iyo inobatanidza muiyi mienzaniso inotevedzero.

Michina Yokutarisira: Kuzvidavirira Kune Mukuru Panhau Dzemari

Awa Yomubvunzo Neawa Yezariro

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvinonzwika zvikurusa zvokutarisira zvoupfumi iRetuars, apo mitezo inogona kubvunza vakuru vakuru pamusoro pemitengo yemari, kukwira kwemitengo, kukura kweGDP, mabasa ebato rehurumende, uye kuiswa kwemari kwakananga (FDI) zvinoyerera. Somuenzaniso, mu2024 Monson Semission, Raje Sabhaha yakamanikidza nhengo dzeMarisheri weZvomari pamusoro petapuro inokwira yemitengo yezvokudya pamuripo yomumaruwa uye simba remari pa PMSIAN[[FLT] [FRA] mari inotsigira chirongwa. Kubatanidza kwakadaro hurumende kudzivirira zvisarudzo zvayo zvemari kugovera pachena uye mashoko anoumba hurukuro dzavo. maawa anosimudzira zvinhu pasina kuzivisa mutengo womunzvimbomo, sezvikwereti zvemari muNarasras.

Matare Akamira Anowirirana Nebasa Renyika (DRSC)

Zvichida Rajiya Sabba] Sabha inopesvedzera zvikurusa iri kupfurikidza nokutora rutivi kwayo muDSCs. dare rimwe nerimwe, rakagarwa nenhengo, rinonzvera kudikanwa kwezvipo zvemari, mirarira mishumo yegore negore, uye scrutinise mari inonongedzerwa kwairi. [[[FLT:] , [FFFF:] , [mumubatanidzwa wePFUT] uye mutengo wemari [FFM] (FM) Act [F: FM], uye [FFFT] inonzvera [inenge iripo] mishumo yenhau] [idzo] nokuda kwemite.[10]

Zvisarudzo neMabhiri zveNhengo Dzavo Dzomunhu Oga

Nepo mitezo yavanhu isingawanzova mutemo, inobatira sechikamu chokuchinja kufunga kwezvemari. Raje Sabba Sabha akatanga zvikwereti pamusoro pemari inokosha, murairo wechekechete, uye nhevedzano yavashandi vanotama. Nharo yapa ... Dare reMativi ari paKurura, 201 yakaunza ngwariro kumitengo yamasanga, iyo gare gare yakapesvedzera [[FLT:] Code paNUGANGA, 20. Zvisarudzo zvakapfuure naRajahab , zvakafanana sechimbichimwe chehurumende kuita kuti chive [FOLT] [FFFF]

Kumirira Hurumende Nefariro Dzemari Dzomunharaunda

Federal Custodian

Kusiyana neLok Sabba, uko kumirira kwakaenzana nechiverengero chavagari vemo, Rajiya Sabha inopa uremu hwakaenzana kuhurumende (pamberi pemitsetse yakavakirwa pavagari vemo yakashata) uye inobatanidza nyanzvi dzinoiswa mumitemo. Iyi purogiramu inovimbisa kuti maruwa maduku akafanana naSikkim, Goa, uye Nagaland ane inzwi mumitemo yemari iro ringadzora nyika dzine vanhu vakawanda seUttar Pradesh kana kuti Bihar. Mukurukurirano pamusoro pe [[FLT: 0] Fants Goods and Services Trect [CST] Act[FFF: [FLT1], Rajinha inotaurwa zvakananga kuti idzo yokurasikirwa nenzvimbo yemitero, inoguma nokuvikirwa kwegore ramakore mashanu. [FFPN]

Mitezo Yakashongedzwa: Bhiriji Rokuronga

Constitution inopa simba Purezidhendi kuti ape mitezo gumi nemiviri kuRajiya Sabba nokuda kwechiitwa chakatanhamara muminda kubatanidza mari, mabhuku, sayenzi, uye basa renzanga. Mumakore apfuura, nyanzvi dzezvemari dzakatanhamara dzakadai [[FLT: 0] C. Rangajan[[[FON]] [[FFON]] [FFFON] [11], [[11] [FFON]

Kunzverwa Kwakakwana Kwemabhiri Ezvemari

Bill Rajya Sabha Amendment Impact
Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act, 2017 Inserted provision for compensation for loss of revenue to states for 5 years Protected state fiscal autonomy; later extended by 2 years
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016 Added time limit of 330 days for resolution process Reduced delays; improved creditor recovery rates
Code on Wages, 2019 Introduced a National Minimum Wage floor covering all workers Expanded social security coverage to 500 million workers
Banking Laws (Amendment) Act, 2022 Mandated higher governance standards for cooperative banks Reduced non-performing assets in the cooperative sector
Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 Exempted non-personal data from regulation; added data localisation clause Balanced innovation with privacy; influenced cross-border data flows

Zvinetso Mubasa Remari reRaje Sabha

Kuchinja Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika uye Kusawirirana

Raje Sabra Sabra haina kudzivirirwa zvikuru kurusando runowedzera rwechitsaru runotambudza matongerwe enyika eIndia. Pakati pa 2019 na 2024, 45% yenguva yakarongwa yaRajiya Sabhaha yakatsakatika kudzongonyedza, mukuwirirana nePRS Legislati Research. Ikoku kwakaderedza zvakakomba mano eimba yapamusoro okunzvera pamutemo. Somuenzaniso, [FLT: 0] Maraws Repeal Bill, 201[FLL:1] yakapfuudzwa mukati maminiti pashure pokufamba nemitezo inoshorwa, kurasha mukana weSabyaha kutsinhirana. Nhakarongedzo. Nenzira yakafanana, [FFFF:]

Gakava Remari

Kushandiswa kwe "mutengo wemari" kupfuvura Rajiya Sabha yave iri nzvimbo inodzokororwazve. Hurumende yakaisa mukamukamuro [[FLT: 0] Aadhaar (Kugoverwa kweTsvene yeMari neMimwe Mitengo) Act, 2016[[FLT:][1]] semari, iyo Dare Rapamusoro rakatsigira Karenda yefation for Public fation v. Union of India[[FTB:] [3] Nyuso]. Uko, [mutengodzo wakakwirira zvikuru] pakati pe $FFFFFF: 4,4] [5] [inenge kuti mutengo wemari, unowanikwa mumutengo.[10]

Nguva Yakaoma uye Kuchinja Kwedare

Gadziriro yedare raRaji Sabra, pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwaro, rinotambura nokusanyanyoshanda. DRSCs dzinosangana kamwe bedzi kana kuti kaviri mukati merusando, achiganhura ukuru hwenzvero dzavo. Mushumo wakaitwa ne Institutitute for Social and Economic Changel (ISC] [ISC]] yakaziva kuti nguva yeavhareji yaigoverwa kuDSC inongova bedzi maawa 12 pagore, kana kuenzaniswa na 40+ maawa muUK Houses. Kuwedzera, Rayyaha Haha Dare reMari reMite yemari rinonanguriro inona Dare reMaripo reSavice rinona pamutemo rinonamira pamitemo yemari. [FLD:][FFF]]] Komiti yePFFFFFFF] yave inonzvera kushaidzira kuzivisa kugadziridza kugadzirwa kwemite yemari.

Mikana Yokusimbisa Raja Sabha Wezvemari

Kunzvera Kwapamberi Pemutemo

Rajiya Sabra inogona kuita basa guru kupfurikidza nokuitisa kunzvera kwapamberi pechikamu chezvikamu zvemari zvokugadzira. Kuedza kwe 2023 Green Paper paChinyorwa Chamanyuko Chamakuru cheMari cheProce Nhete-peichero kwakanga, somuenzaniso, kwakaparadzirwa kuRajiya Sabba nokuda kwetsinhiro dzisati dzatangwa nenzira yetsika. Kuwedzera uyu muitiro(* uye kuchiita kuti uve unogombedzerwa nokuda kwemitengo mikuru yemari yose yemari, [1] kwaizobatanidza unyanzvi hwemitezo mitengo yokupedzisira yemaminitsi. [[FLT:][FLT] [FLT]] AIOG[FFFF:3] yakatoag] kurukurirano dzinoverengeka dzekuchinja simba nedzero, asi haina kuva inowirirana neya yeSajini

Misangano Inokosha Yezvemari

Kana Rajiya Sabha yaizotanga misika yegore negore yezvemari, yakafanana ne .Parliamental Banking Office yomufananidzo waishandiswa muSouth Africa, yaigona kushanda senzvimbo yezvisarudzo nokuda kwokusatora rutivi, zvirefu zvemiitiro. Nhengo dzakadaro dzinogona kuisa ngwariro pamisoro yakadai se [[FLT:] Kukura, Nyungidzo, kana kuti Kudzorwa kwemari yaishandiswa muSouth Africa [[FLT:], kubudisa mishumo yokuti hurumende inofanira kupindura nenzira yapamutemo. [Mu20:], Rajiya Sav.[5] [FLT] [5]

Kutsigira Kuzvimirira kweDare

Kutsigira tarisiro, Raje Sabra Sabra inofanira kuchengetedza bhajeti yakazvimirira nokuda kwamatare ayo, ichivasunungura pakudzora mari. Mukuwedzera, vatarisiri vedare vanofanira kusarudzwa kupfurikidza nomuitiro webvumirano, kwete bedzi nebato rinodzora , muitiro wakabvisa kunzvera kwokuzvimirira. Mupepeti wenhau weHindu (2022) akapikisa kuti matare anofanira kurumbidzwa pauriri hweRaja Sabha mukati memafaramendimudhidhi akatarwa, panzvimbo pokurega kunzvera mafaira ehurumende. Kana akapfuudzira, ikoku kungava nechokwadi chokuti nzwisiso yezvemari yeRejiya Shab ishandurire kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu anooneka.

Mupeto: Basa Rinogutsa RechiFiscal Federalism

Basa rayo rebumbiro remitemo sekamuri rinochinja zvinhu, rinomiririra zvinhu zvomunharaunda, uye rinoita kuti pave noruzivo rwezvoupfumi hunoshamisa nokufunga uye kuvhiringidzwa kwetsika dzepaparamende, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemari, uye kuperevedza kwenguva yakanaka kunotyisidzira kuchinja imba yepamusoro kuva chiteshi cherabha.

Kuzviwanirazve ukoshi hwayo, Raje Sabha anofanira kuisa patsva: kupfurikidza nebasa redare rinokudza, kubatira kubvunza kwapamberi pechine mavambo, uye kudzivirira nharo dzaro kubva kumasangano echitsaru. Sezvo India ichifamba achichinja nenzira dzakaoma mune zvemari (kubva kumitemo yemari kukuchinja kweindasitiri . Rajiya Sabba sechisabha nokuda kwokurangarira, kurangarira kwoufakazi hunova hunokosha zvikuru. Kukura kwezve mune zvemari hakusati kuri nhauwo zvayo yezvikamu zvenyika asi kuparadzirwa zvisingachinjiki pakati pezvinzvimbo nezvikamu. Muhondo izvozvo, Rajaya Sabba anoshanda payabharo yayo yakanakisisa, ikodzero yetsika yetsika yehurumende iyo isingafaniri kuteerera, yose isati ingovawo zvayo.