Sumo

Kutsvaka kuenzana kwave kuri simba rinorondedzera munhau yavanhu, kumukira, kudzongonyedza mitemo yenzanga, uye kudenha kukuru zvikuru. Kuvambira pakurukurirano dzekare dzouzivi kusvikira kumasangano enyika yose azvino uno, mufungo wokuenzana wakabva pavavariro isina mufungo kuva chinodikanwa chaichoicho cheruramisiro nokubatwa zvakanaka. Kunzwisisa iyi mhindumupindu inoda kunzvera kuti nhambo dzakasiana sei kuenzana nedzinowirirana nedzinoganhurirwa, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji munzirairwa nadzo, uye kunzvera kwadzinoita kuti ganhuriro idzodzo dzakatangwa dzinodzivisa maruramiro akaenzana. Nhasi, uenzana kunoramba kuri chirongwa chakasimba uye chisati chapera, chine mirangariro mikuru nokuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika, zvemari, uye upenyu hwezuva riri rose. Nyaya iyi inotevera mipimo yenhau yokuenzana yadzoredzerwa, uye kuoma kupfuurira sei kurwisa zvinangwa zvazvinoda kurwisa kurwisana nokuda kwenyika.

Maonero Anoita Vanhu Munhau Dzacho Kuenzana

Pfungwa yokuti vanhu vose vakaenzana zvinoshamisa kuti inguva pfupi yapfuura munhau yevanhu. Kwezviuru zvemakore, nzanga dzakanga dzakarongwa kumativi evatungamiriri vakaoma - tsika (@pharaoh, madzimambo, uye vakwidzi vanozviti vakakwirira, nepo vanhu vakawanda vakaberekerwa munzvimbo dzakatsiga.

Marudzi Akare Nemavambo Ezvinzvimbo Zvikuru

MuMesopotamia yekare, Koseti ye Manusriti [[FLT 1754 BCE) yakatanga mitemo yaishanda zvakasiyana yakavakirwa paboka renzanga nevatano yavanhu) Girisi yekare, varanda navanhu vakasununguka vaiitirwa zvirango zvakasiyana. Nenzira yakafanana, muIndia yekare, tsika yemapoka echiHindu yakabatanidza kusaenzana kwenhaka, ne Manusriti] [[FLT]] yakakarakadza maruramiro echisociation asi ichiri kudzivirira boka rakavakirwa pa “ndarama, sirivha, bhurubhurokuroku." yakarumbidza vanhu kuti vasarirane vakadzi, varanda, uye vatorwa mubato mubato wezvamatongerwe enyika. Varanda vakakurumbira zvikuru vai. Vaichitonge vai vai vairatidza kuti [FLT:] .

Kunyange zvakadaro, manzwi anopesana aivapo. Vazivi vechiStoiko vakafanana naZeno weCitium vakadzidzisa kuti vanhu vose vanogoverana mufungo wavose nefaniro yetsika, pfungwa iyo gare gare yakapesvedzera mirangariro yeRoma yapamutemo ye inoita kuti zvinhu zvive nechinhu chazvo. MuChina, vazivi veMohiscian vakatsigira nokuda kwetarisiro isina muganhu uye kuenzana kwebanza, vachidenha simbiso paukama hwechikakavaratisiti. Nepo iyi pfungwa dzisina kuputsa zvivako zviripo, vakagovera nheyo dzouchenjeri nokuda kwamasangano apashure pemibatanidzwa.

Kujekeswa: Kuumbazve Kukuru

Kujekeswa kwezana ramakore rechi 17 nerechi18 kwakaratidzira kuderera munhau yokuenzana. Vafungi vakafanana naJohn Locke vakarangarira kuti vanhu vose vane maruramiro omuzvarirwo ku “upenyu, rusununguko, uye zvinhu” nemhaka yokuva munhu, kwete nemhaka yokuberekwa kana kuti mugariro womunzanga. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, mu [FLT:] Aya [FLD] Nhengedzo paMaringi yaSikamioni [, vakataura nenzira inodenha kuti kusaenzana kwakanga kusiri muuyo wechadenga asi muuyo weshambiso nepfuma. Iyi mifungo yakadenha zvakananga maruramiro oumwari amadzimambo nenzvimbo yakatanhamara.

Nheyo dzejekeso dzakanyandura chinjo mbiri huru dzezvamatongerwe enyika. American Declaration of Independence (1776) yakazivisa kuti “varume vose vakasikwa vakaenzana,” kunyange zvazvo mukushandisa ava vaAfrica vakapinzwa muuranda, vanhu vomunyika, uye vakadzi. Chinjo yeFrance Kududzirwa kwekodzero dzomunhu nedzechiPostriangation [779] yakataura maruramiro akaenzana nokuda kwa “varume] apo vainyandura nharo dzamasimba pamusoro pokuti boka iroro raibatanidza vakadzi, varombo, uye vanhu vemibala. Olympe Regites vakanyora [[FLT:] . [FLT] [2] Kuparadza maruramiro aWomukadzi uye aVakadzi [FLT] [FFFFF] [3] mumhinduro yake bedzi, kutookererwa nokuda kwekupesana kwake. [mabhineti renyika yose]

Miganhu Yokuenzana Nechiedza

Vafungi vakajekeserwa kazhinji kazhinji vakaenzanisa kuenzana nomugariro wapamutemo wapamutemo, vachisiya vatungamiriri vezvemari nevenzanga vasina kukanganiswa. Thomas Jefferson vaiva nevaranda apo vainyora pamusoro pokuenzana; Immanuel Kant akataura mirangariro yourudzi mukurwisana navasiri vaEurope. Uyu mukaha pakati penheyo nomuitiro waizova dzvinyiriro huru iyo masangano apashure aizotsvaka kupedza.

Masangano Anokosha Okuenzana

Zana remakore rechi19 nerechi20 rakaona kuwedzera kwemasangano akarongwa airayira kuti pave nokuenzana mumativi akawanda.

Sangano Rokuzvizadzikisa

Sangano rokuparadza uranda rakanga riri chinodikanwa chokutanga chikuru chetsika chakaenzana munhambo yazvino uno. Vaiti vamabhizimisi kufanana naFrederick Douglas, aichimbova muranda akava mutauri ane simba, vakafumura utsinye hweuranda hwekurukurirano ndokutaura kuti rakapokanidza zvinangwa zvenyika. Nhimbe yeBritain yokubvisa uranda, yaitungamirirwa nenhamba dzakafanana naWilliam Wilberhorth, yakashandisa kuenzana kwezvemari nenyengedzo dzetsika kuti ipedze kutengeswa kwomuranda muna 1807 uye uranda muBritain pakasvika 1838. MuUnited States, Emancipation Proclametion (1863) uye 13th Amendmentmentement (1865) zvakaguma nouranda hwepamutemo, asi kutamburira kwekuenzana kwedzinza retsika redzinza rechokwadi kwakanga kwangovamba bedzi. Chishamiso chesangano rePrimatentenman chinobatanidza pamutemo uye chirongwa chapamutemo chedzimwe nzira dzokupfumisa.

Kufamba Kwavakadzi Kwourombo

Kurwira kuva vakaenzana kwavakadzi kwakavamba pakati pezana ramakore rechi19, kuwana simba kubva kumasangano okuparadza. Seneca Falls Convention (1848) muUnited States yakabudisa shingairo ye yeSentiments yakaratidzwa paChibvumirano cheIndex, kusimbisa kodzero yavakadzi yokuvhota, zvinhu zvavo, uye dzidzo. Vatungamiriri vakaita saSusan B. Anthony naElizabeth Cady Stanton vakatsigira nhimbe kwamakumi amakore, vachitarisana nokushorwa, uye masimba masimba masimba. MuBritain, masuffeteti pasi peEm Pankhrusst, kubatanidza kurovanyanyanya, uye kuparadzwa, uye kukwevarira ngwariro yavose. Pagore, pa1920848, U.

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Chivil Rights Movement yezana ramakore rechi20 muUnited States yakatarisana nerusarurano nerusaruro rwapamutemo muAfrica. Kuvaka panhamburiko dzapakuvamba nenhamba dzakadai W.E. Du Bois naIda B. Wells, sangano razvino uno rakashandisa chiito chakananga, denho dzapamutemo, uye kuungana kwavazhinji. Zviitiko zvikuru zvakabatanidza Montgomey Busboncott (5551966), March paWashington (1963), uye Selma ku Montgomey Faces (1965). Vatungamiriri vakadai saMartin Luther King Jr. Rosar, naJohn Lewis vakanyandura vateereri vapasi pose. Mutemo wakaita mutemo wemitemo: Chibvumirano chaMagariro (1964) uye kudzoro yeMadokero (196565), zvisinei, kudzorwa kwaMambo naMadokeri, pamwe chete negadziriro yezve yezve zvemari yemitemo yapamutemo.

Kuwedzera Kurwisana Kwacho: Basa, Vagari Vemo, LGBTQ+, uye Kodzero Dzekodzero

Masangano echimuko akabatana akabatana nokukurumidza pashure pama1960. Sangano revashandi rakarwira uenzani hwemari maawa ebasa mapfupi, mamiriro ezvinhu akakotsekana, uye mari yokugara. American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) uye masangano amarudzi ose akabatanidza kodzero dzekodzero, kunyange zvazvo simba rokubatana rakaderera mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura. Masangano ekodzero ekodzero dzemunhu, akadai seAmerican Indian Movement (AIM) uye Intellineral No Now Refecter congmentations Organizations muCanada, yakaraira kuzivikanwa kwouchangamire, kodzero dzenyika, uye kuchengetedzwa kwetsika. LBGTQ, rakaitwa kuti pave norvengedzero yemifungo yakasiyana - siyana sei munyika dzakawanda, kusarura nokusarirana kwouswa kwemitezorotsigiriro. Kuoma kwekodzero kwamarudzi ose, zvakawedzerwa nokupfupikisana kwemitezoro, uye kupfupikisana.

Kunetsa Kwazvino Uno Kwokuenzana

Nhasi, kuenzana kunokurukurwa kwete chete sechinhu chakanaka chetsika asi sevavariro inoshanda yetsika.

Kuenzana Kwenzanga: Kubatana uye Kuzivikanwa

Masangano echikamu chavanhu anowirirana haasi maruramiro akaenzana bedzi asiwo kuzivikanwa nokuremekedzwa kwezvinzvimbo zvakasiyana. Murangariro wekusangana, wakaitwa nenyanzvi yemitemo Kimberlé Crenshaw, unosimbisa kuti marongedzero anoitwa ($/race, system, syndrome, urema, mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana - siyana enzanga. Masangano akafanana AMERIBELive Live Mask [[[FLD:1]]] uye # Meo [[FLT] anoshandisa zvishandiso zvemichina kuti zviite zvinhu kuti zvikurudzire munyika yose, kuraira ruramisiro nechino. Kuenzana kwetsika kunobatanidza mamiriro ezvinhu etsikano enyika. Kurevawo magariro etsika: uyo ane nzvimbo dzesimba, uye ane nhau dzinodzidziswa pamusoro petsika, mutauro unopesana, uye kuratidzira kusawirirana nomutauro wetsika.

Kuenzana Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika: Democracy Iri Mutyisidziro

Uenzani hwezvamatongerwe enyika (www) nheyo yokuti inzwi remugari ari wose rine chiyero chakaenzana nechakakomba chinotarisana nedenho muzana ramakore rechi21. Kudzvinyirira kwemasangano adzo, zvakadai semitemo yeID yorumano, kudzorwa, uye kubviswa kwemivhoti, zvinotapura zvikuru nzanga dzakaganhurirwa munyika dzakadai seUnited States. Gadziriro dzemari dzehurumende dzehurumende dzakawanda dzinobvumira vanhu vakapfuma namasangano kuti vashandise pesvedzero, kuderedza kunaka kwomunhu mumwe, mumwe. Munguva ino, hurumende dzine simba dzinodzora, dzinoganhurira kutora rutivi chose chose chose, uye kunyange kuvamba kudzora hurumende dzinodzoka nokusavika kwamarudzi ose mumasangano. Mitengo yenyika yose se [[FLT:] International Institute for Democracial and El Conservation [FLctive 1: 1]

Kuenzana Kwemari: Musiyano Unowedzera

Kusaenzana kwezvemari kwakawedzera zvikuru kubvira kuma1980. Maererano naOxfam, 1% yakapfuma zvikurusa yenyika ine upfumi hunopfuura nekaviri mabhiriyoni 6.9. Uku kuisa ngwariro kunoderedza kuenzana kwemikana, sezvo pfuma inosarudza kusvika kudzidzo, utano, uye kumira miganhu yepamutemo. Kudzorwa kwemitemo kunobatanidza zvikarakadzo zvemari inokosha yenyika yose (UBI), mitero yemari, uye dziviriro dzebasa dzakasimba zvikuru. CHOVID-19 denda rinoderedza izvi zvisakiso, navashandi vakaderera, vakadzi, uye vanhu vane ruvara runotakura mitwa. Kuenzana kwemari kunoda zvirongwa zvinokosha zvezvoupfumi (UBI), nhaka nhaka, uye mitero yenyika yose zvinodzivisa kukurukurwa mune zvematongerwe enyika.

Kusaenzana Kwemadhigirii

Kusiyana kuripo mazuva ano kupesana kuri pamitengo. Kushayikwa kwemakombiyuta, kuverenga nokunyora, uye zvinhu zvisingatengeki hakurevi mabhiriyoni evanhu padzidzo, basa, uye kubatanidzwa munzanga.

Zvinetso Zvokuva Nevanhu Vakanaka

Pasinei zvapo namazana amakore efambiro mberi, mhinganidzo dzinotyisa dzinosara. Rusaruraganda rwemitemo runopinzwa mumasangano adzonesa zvikuru maruramisire eruramisiro ayo anoparira misungo inoita kuti vanhu vane mavara akasiyana, misika yedzimba inotsigira kuganhurana, uye gadziriro dzezvoutano dzinopa tarisiro dzisina kuenzana. Kubatana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kazhinji kazhinji kunochinja kuenzana kuva hondo dzinopesana, kudzongonya zviito zvemitemo. Mitengo yezvemari, yakadai seurombo hwechimubatanidzwa nokushayikwa kwenzanga, inoparira misungo iyo kunyange vanhu vakatsunga havagoni kupukunyuka vari voga voga. Uyezve, kupesana nokuwana kwemiuyo itsika kunowanzova mutoo wokuwedzera pfunde dzechidziro: kuboka rimwe rinorangarira kurwisana nenzvimbo dzavo vamene kana kuti ive ropafadzo sedzinotyisidzirwa.

Rimwe denho imhaka huru yekusaenzana kwazvino uno. Zvisakiso zvinowanzochinja kugadzirwa kwenyika dzepasi pose nenzvimbo dzakaderera, kudzorwa kwemari kusingadzorwi nomutemo(*) uye zvigadzikiso zvemari zvinoda batira pamwe yamarudzi ose. Zvisinei, kubatira mberi kwehurumende kudzivirira nokudzikamisa muganhu panzvimbo pekugoverana mutoro. Njodzi yemamiriro okunze inowedzerazve imwe nzvimbo: kushata kwemhoteredzo kunokuvadza kwakaderera zvikuru uye nyika dzichiri kubudirira, kuchiparira mativi matsva ekusaenzana anozivikanwa seruramisiro yemhoteredzo.

Dzidzo: Kuenzana

Dzidzo ndiyo inoita kuti vanhu vasaenzana, vonyanya kutsoropodza vamwe, vova netsitsi, uye voita kuti vanhu vasaenzana kana vasina kuronga kuita zvimwe zvinhu.

Zvidzidzo uye Kuda Kuziva

Dzidzo yakaenzana zvirokwazvo inobatanidza mifungo yakasiana---tsaukana uye inodzidzisa vadzidzi kubvunza mamiriro ezvinhu akasimudzirwa. Curicula iyo inobatanidza nhau dzamapoka ane michero yakaderera . "Uranda] vanhu, nyika dzakagara, vakadzi, vanhu vakaberekerwamo, varwere, varwere vanobetsera vadzidzi kunzwisisa mavambo okusaenzana kwenhambo. Zvikoro zvinopa fundo dzedzinza, dzidzo dzevatano, uye ruramisiro dzenyika zvinoparira vakapedza kudzidza avo vane bviro zvikuru kupinda muupenyu hwechiwirirano uye mutsigiriri nokuda kwokuenzana.

Kuwana Mberi uye Mukana

Kukwanisa kuwana dzidzo yakanaka kunoramba kuri chinetso chenyika yose. Munyika dzinowana mari shoma, mamiriyoni evana, vasikana, vanonyimwa dzidzo nemhaka yourombo, rwisano, kana kuti tsika dzetsika. Munyika dzakapfuma, mari inopesana pakati pemaruwa akapfuma nearombo inoparira kusagonana kwedzidzo. Zvirongwa zvakaita se [[FLT: 0]] UNICEF inoshanda kuvhara miganhu iyi, nepo mari nemitemo inoshanda inobetsera kutamba. Mikana yokudzidza mikana yedzidzo yavakuru nedzidzo yebasa, zvinokoshawo kuti vanhu vagone kuchinja mari neurombo.

Kubatanidzwa Mukurukurirano Nechibvumirano

Zvikoro zvinogona kushanda semarabhoritari okuenzana nokusimudzira kukurukurirana kwakajeka pamusoro penhau dzinomutsa nharo.Kukakavadzana kwakarongeka, kugadziridza ruramisiro, uye zvirongwa zvebasa romunzanga zvinobatsira vadzidzi kuti vaite kusabvumirana kunoremekedza, vanzwisise maonero akasiyana - siyana, uye vatange pfungwa yokufunga kuti vamwe vanhu vane mutoro mumwe chete.

mhedziso

Nhau yokuenzana inhau yezvose zviri zviviri fambiro mberi inoshamisa nokundikano inopfuurira. Kuvambira pakubviswa kwouranda kusvikira kukuzivikanwa kweLGBTQ+ maruramiro, rukundo rumwe norumwe rwakakudziridza mativi aavo vanorangarirwa kuva vanhu vakakwana uye vakafanirwa nokubatwa kwakaenzana. Bva sezvo miganhu misha inoderera, mitsva inobuda nejenga, kusaruramisira, mamiriro okunze emitemo. Kurwisa nokuda kwemitengo hakutongopedzwa; kunochinjika kumashoko matsva uye zvimiro zvitsva zvokuzvidzora. Chinoramba chiri chitendikiso chokuti hakuna munhu anofanira kunyimwa banza, chiremera, kana kuti inzwi nemhaka yazvazviri. Dzidzo, mabasa echiito, uye muzvirongwa zvinopfukiranwa zvatinazvo kupfuurira kupfuurira basa iri. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza kubva munguva yakapfuura uye kutarisana nezvimiro zvitsva, tinogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuenzana munguva yemberi asi kutotevedzero.