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Basa Repamutemo Rinodzivirira Vashandi Vakwegura Mumamiriro Ezvinhu Okuderedza Kuora Mwoyo

Kuderera kwemari, kubatanidzwa, uye kugadziridzwa kwemakambani kazhinji kazhinji kunoguma nokubviswa nokuzvidzwa. Mukati menhambo idzi, vashandi vakwegura kazhinji kazhinji vari mungozi yakawedzerwa yokuva vanosarurwa zvisina kururama. Kurwisa ikoku, mitemo yezera rinopesana muhurumende dzakawanda inopa dziviriro dzakasimba dzinoita kuti vabati vezera rive chisanotema kuti ndiani anosarudzwa nokuda kwokuchinja. Iyi mitemo, yakadai seAgescrimination in Observatom Act (ADEA) muUnited States neEA Act yeEhitity muUnited Kingdom 2010, inoita kuti ive isirwe mhaka inorambidzwa nokuda kwavashandi kurapa vashandi zvisina kufanira nemhaka yezera ravo rose rebasa, kubatanidza kudzivirira nokusarira. Kunzwisisa izvi kudzivirira kuoma kwevashandi vose vari mumabasa.

Mitemo Yezera Rakasiyana - siyana Pasi Rose

United States: Rusaruro Rwezera Revanhu Vanoshanda Mumutemo (ADEA)

Yakaziviswa muna 1967, ADEA inodzivirira vanhu vane makore 40 ezera navakuru pakusarura mabasa panzvimbo yebasa pakavakirwa zera. Mutemo unoshanda kuvashandirwi vakavanzika vane 20 kana kuti vakawanda, pamwe chete nehurumende dzehurumende, uye dzomunzvimbomo. Mupasi peADEA, hakubvumirwi kusarura munhu nemhaka yezera ravo nemhaka yechinhu chipi nechipi, mugariro, kana kuti ropafadzo yebasa, kubatanidza kubhadharwa, kukwidziridzwa, kubviswa, muripo, mabasa, uye kurovedzwa. U.S.S Comme Comment Comment comment (EC) inomanikidzira ADEA uye inogovera nhungamiro pamusoro penzira ripi neripi neripi neripi resimba, somuenzaniso EECC inoreva kuti vashandi havagoni kushandisa basa risingashandirwi basa kana kuti risarutsirwe, kana zvichitotemwa.[5]

United Kingdom: Mutemo Wokuenzana wa2010

MuUK, Musi weMafuta weInity Act unosimbisa ndokusimbisa mitemo yekare inorwisana neshatiso, kubatanidza gadziriro dzezera. Inodzivirira vashandi vemisi isati iri yenguva neyavaduku neyavakura (vechipiri vashandi) pakubatwa zvisina kunaka pazera. Mutemo unoshanda kuvashandi vose, pasinei zvapo noukuru, uye unofukidza ukama hwose hwebasa, kubatanidza kutsiva. Musi weChirevo, miitiro yekudzosa inofanira kuitiswa ichishandisa mipimo yezvakanakira iyezvi asino zvakananga kana kuti yakanangana nezera. Vashandisi vanokundikana kuita saizvozvo vangataura kuti vatarisa padare remitrotion. Avisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (AS) inogovera nhungamiro yakazara pamusoro pokubata tsvukuvanucie napa rusaruro. Ona muganhu yezera. [FUganda]

Ungano yeEurope: Inorayira Basa Zvakaenzana

Mhiri kweEuropean Union, Prom Efociality Directive (2000/78/EC) inorambidza rusaruro rwezera mumabasa nomubasa. Nyika dzeChiteshi dzakapinza uyu murayiro mumitemo yenyika, kuumba basa rakarongwa redziviriro iro rinowanzoda vashandirwi kururamisa kurapa kupi nokupi kwakasiana kwakavakirwa pazera senzira inowirirana yokuwana nayo chinangwa chapamutemo. Muitiro, ikoku kunoreva kuti kushandisa zera semupimo wechisarudzo chokutsiva hakubvumiki nguva dzose kutoti mushandirwi anogona kuratidzira pembedzo yakananga, yedonzo yapamusoro iyo vashandirwi vashomanene vanogona kusangana nayo.

Australia: Chiratidzo Chezera Rakapfuura

Act yeAustralia’s Age Discrimination Act ya2004 inoita kuti zvisabvumirwe kusarura munhu wezera munzvimbo dzakasiyana - siyana dzoupenyu, kusanganisira basa. Mutemo wacho unofukidza mabasa ose, kubva pakunyoreswa kusvika pakubviswa kwebasa. Panguva ino, vashandirwi vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvavanosarudza zvavanenge vasarudza zvakavakirwa paunyanzvi, zvavanoita, nezvimwe zvikonzero, panzvimbo pezera. Dare reHuman Rights Commission rinomanikidza kuti basa racho riite uye rinopa mari kune vose vashandiri.

Kudzivirira Kunoita Mitemo Yezera Yakasarura Vashandi Panguva Yokurasikirwa Nemabasa

Kuraswa uye kugadziriswa zvinowanzova zvisarudzo zvebhizimisi zviri madikanwa, asi muitiro wacho unogona kuratidzira rusaruro urwo runotapura vashandi vakwegura nomutoo usingaenzaniswi.

Kurambidzwa Kushandisa Zera Sechisarudzo

Kudzivirira kukuru zvikurusa ndekwokuti vashandirwi havagoni kuvakira zvisarudzo zvokutsiva pazera roga. Ikoku kunoreva kuti kusarudza mushandirwi nokuda kwekubudiswa nemhaka bedzi yokuti vapfuura zera rakati, kana kuti nemhaka yokuti mushandirwi anodavira kuti vari kuswedera pedyo nokurega basa, haasati ari pamutemo. Kunyange kana mushandirwi achishandisa mubatanidzwa wezvinhu, kana zera richiita rutivi rupi norupi muchisarudzo, kunogona kuparira rusaruro. Somuenzaniso, mushandirwi haagoni kuvakira vashandi pazera rezera ndokusarudza vakurusa nokuda kwokurega basa, uyewo havagoni kurangarira kuti vashandi vakura havachinjiki zvikuru kuruzivo rutsva rwokugadzira zvinhu.

Mupimo Wedonzo uye Unojeka Wechisarudzo

Kuti vasasarurana, vashandirwi vanofanira kuronga uye kushandisa zvinhu zvinosarudzwa pasina kusarura.

  • Zvikamu zvebasa uye zvinyorwa zvebasa
  • Zvinyorwa zvevanopinda uye zvenguva
  • Nhau yechirango
  • Unyanzvi hwokuongorora uye zvinodiwa zvine chokuita nebasa racho
  • Urefu hwebasa (rinoshandiswa nokungwarira, sezvo ringasabetsera nenzira isina kunanga vashandi vaduku, asi rinogona kururamiswa kana rikashandiswa nenzira isina kutora rutivi)

Vashandirwi vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti izvi zvinoshandiswa nguva dzose kuvashandi vose vanosarudzwa pangozi yokuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu uye kuti muitiro wacho unonyorwa uye unojeka. Kutsauka kupi nokupi kwakagadzwa mumipimo yavashandi vakati kunogona kuonekwa soufakazi hworusaruro.

Kudzivirirwa Patapuro Dzokusasarura

Mitemo yetsika yezera inodzivirirawo vashandi pamitemo inoratidzika kuva isingatori rutivi asi inokuvadza zvikuru vashandi vakwegura. Ikoku kunozivikanwa se “tapuro inopesana” pasi peADEA. Somuenzaniso, kana mushandirwi akasarudza kubvisa vashandi vose vane makore asingasviki mashanu ebasa, uye iyi inotapura nomutoo usingaenzaniswi vashandi vaduku, inogona kudenhwa. Nenzira inopesana, muitiro unoda kurega basa kwapamutemo pazera rakati (imomo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kacho risiri rapamutemo kunze kwemabasa akaganhurirwa zvikuru) ungava kuputsanya. Kwakawanda, kupfurikidza namapimo akafanana ne “makwadiromaruvara"." kana kuti“ mwero usingadzoregi ” ungagona kuva nzira inovanzirwa yavashandi vakura uye ingashorwa sezera.

Kurambidza Kodzero Nezvirongwa Zvokuzvidira

Mamwe makambani anopa “kodzero”, apo mushandi akura zvikuru angaisa mushandi akura zvishoma mumabasa akasiyana - siyana mukati mekubudiswa kwebasa. Nepo gadziriro dzakakwirira dzapamutemo kazhinji kazhinji, dzinofanira kushandiswa nguva dzose uye dzisingagoni kushandiswa kurongera mapoka ezera akadzivirirwa. Nenzira yakafanana, gadziriro dzokunyandura dzokurega basa dzapakuvamba dzinofanira kuva dzokuzvidira uye hadzigoni kumanikidza vashandi vakura kuti vaende. The Eldermic Refeed Protection Act (WBPA) muUnited States inogadza zvinodikanwa zvakasimba nokuda kwepurogiramu dzakadaro, kubatanidza nguva shomanene yokurangarira uye zvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa zvitsamaumbiso zvaavo vakasarudzwa kuti vasarumbirwe.

Kodzero Dzapamutemo Dzavashandi Vanotarisana Nechezera Rakabviswa

Apo mushandi anodavira kuti akasarudzwa nokuda kwokuzvidzora nemhaka yezera ravo, vane matare anoverengeka epamutemo. Nhano yokutanga inowanzova kumutsa nhau yacho mukati menzira yomushandirwi anonyunyuta nayo. Kana ikakundikana kupedza nhau yacho, vashandi vanogona kuisa nyunyuto nesangano rinochengeta reUnited States (muUS, EEOC; muUK, dare rebasa; muAustralia, muganhu weAustralia weHograinemental Human Commission. Somuenzaniso, muUS, pomero inofanira kuiswa neEEOC mumazuva 180 okusarura kunofungidzirwa (kusvika mazuva 300 mune dzimwe nyika). MuUK, dare rebasa rinoti rinofanira kuunzwa mukati memwedzi mitatu mishomanene yebasa.

Mishonga Inowanika

Kana mushandi akabvumikisa nenzira inobudirira rusaruro rwezera mukusava nenhau, mishonga inogona kubatanidza:

  • [[FFT:0] Kudzosa: nokuda kwemibairo yakarasika, betsero, uye nhamo yendangariro (mudzimwe nharaunda)
  • Retation: kana mushandi achiri anokwanisa kudzokera kubasa uye kunobvira
  • muripo kana kuti muripo wekudzosa [[FL:1]: mibhadharo inorasika kubva mukubviswa kwemhosva kusvikira nhau yapedzwa kana kuti kutozosvikira mushandi awana basa idzva
  • [ Kukuvadza [: muzvinoitika zvokusarura kwamaune (kunowanika pasi peADEA, kunyange zvazvo kwakavharwa mumigariro yakati)
  • [ Mibhadharo yemari : munyika dzakawanda, vaiti vanobudirira vanogona kuwanazve mibhadharo yegweta

Kuzvinyima kana kuti kupa nongedzero yakashata, iputswa yakasiyana pasi pemitemo yezera rakawanda zvikurusa yorusaruro uye inogona kutungamirira kuzvirango zvokuwedzera.

Mutoro Woufakazi Noufakazi

Kuratidza kuti munhu anosarura munhu akwegura kunogona kuoma nokuti vashandirwi havawanzobvumi kuti anenge akura.

  • Kusiyana kwemitemo: kunoratidza kuti nhamba huru kwazvo yevashandi vakwegura yakasarudzwa kuti ibviswe panzvimbo imwe chete kana ichienzaniswa nevashandi vaduku
  • Tsinhiro kana kuti majee pamusoro pezera: kana vanamaneja kana kuti vaiti vezvisarudzo vakaita tsinhiro dzinobatanidza zera mukati megadziriro yokuchinja zera
  • Kubviswa kwegadziriro: kana mushandirwi asina kutevera muitiro wake amene wakatangwa kana kuti kushandisa mipimo nenzira isingawirirani
  • Nguva: Kana kudzingwa kwacho kukanyatsotevera kududzwa kwenhau dzemushandi dzokurega basa kana kuti dzine chokuita nezera
  • Kutsiviwa: Kana mushandi akura akabviswa akatsiviwa nomunhu muduku mukati menhambo pfupi

Mutoro unochinja zvikuru kumushandirwi pashure pokunge mushandi agadza prima facie nhau. Mushandirwi anofanira ipapo kugovera chikonzero chapamutemo, chisiri chetsoropodzo nokuda kwechisarudzo. Kana chikonzero ichocho chikaratidzirwa kuva chikonzero cherusarura, mushandi anokunda.

Zviito Zvakanakisisa Kuti Vashandirwi Vasasarura Vari Kukwegura

Vashandirwi vanogona kuderedza ngozi yapamutemo ndokusimudzira basa rakanaka kupfurikidza nokugamuchira miitiro inotevera yakanakisisa mukati mokuderedzwa kupi nokupi musimba:

Gadzirisa Muitiro Wakajeka Wokuderedza

Kurega kupi nokupi kusati kwaitika, iva nomutemo wakanyorwa unoratidzira nenzira ine revo nzira iyo vashandi vachasarudzwa nayo nokuda kwokudzorwa. Muitiro unofanira kuvakirwa pazvinhu zvine chokuita nebasa uye unohwirudzurwa nezano rapamutemo kuva nechokwadi chokuwirirana nemitemo yezera rinowirirana. Dzivisa mutauro upi noupi wezera, mudyandigere, kana kuti “talenta duku.”

Shandisa Zvinodiwa Nezvaunoda Kuti Uite

Zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa ndeizvi:

  • Kuongorora kushanda kwebasa kubva pakuongorora kuchangobva kuitwa
  • Unyanzvi nezvikwaniriso zvinoshanda zvakananga kumabasa asara
  • Zvinyorwa zvechirango
  • Zvinyorwa zvevapindi
  • Kukura (apo kunoshandiswa sechinhu chisingatori rutivi, kwete segwaro rokuvhota nokuda kwezera)

Iva nechokwadi chokuti zvawasarudza zvinoiswa pachishandiswa zvakakodzera uye zvinoshandiswa zvakafanana kuvashandi vose vari muboka rakawirwa nechinetso chacho.

Rovedza Kukurira Rusaruro Rwezera

Mamaneja nenyanzvi HR vanofanira kudzidziswa nguva dzose mitemo yechemberero, rusaruro rusingazivi, uye miitiro yokuchinja. Kurovedza kunofanira kusimbisa kuti zera rinowirirana neromunhu nerokuti “vashandi vakuru havanyanyi kudhura muruzivo rwetechnology” kana kuti“ vashandi vakuru vanodhura zvikuru”

Bvunza Nyanzvi Dzezvemitemo

Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru kana kubviswa kwacho kuine zvakungakanganisa vashandi vakwegura, kunyange kana zvikaita sokuti hapana kwazvakarerekera. Kuongorora kwepamutemo kunogona kubatsira kuziva zvinhu zvingakanganisa uye kugadzirisa urongwa hwacho.

Batsira Zvinodikanwa Zvenyuchi Nokungwarira

MuUS, kana mushandirwi akapa mubhadharo wapakati mukutsinhana nomuparadziri wekodzero dzeADEA, OWBPA inoisa zvinodikanwa zvakasimba: mushandi anofanira kupiwa anenge mazuva 21 kuti arangarire (mazuva 45 nokuda kweboka rinobviswa), mazuva manomwe okurega pashure pokusaina, uye mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pavashandi vakasarudzwa uye vasina kusarudzwa, kubatanidza zera ravo. Kukundikana kuwirirana kunogona kuita kuti mushandirwi ashairwe, achiisa mutevedzeri kudare.

Kutanga Funga Nezvipo Zvokuzvidira

Zvisinei, ngwarira: Purogiramu idzi dzinofanira kuva dzokuzvidira uye hadzigoni kumanikidza vashandi vakwegura kuti vaende. OWBPA inogadza mitemo yakananga yepurogiramu dzakadaro. Kungozvidira kunofanira kuva chinhu chekupedzisira chaunofanira kuita kana wasarudza zvokuita.

Ngano Dzinozivikanwa Nezverusaruraganda Rwezera Rakawanda Mune Mafungiro Akasiyana

Kusanzwisisana nezvemitemo yezera rakasiyana kunogona kuita kuti munhu asarudze zvakanaka, hedzi ngano dzinoverengeka dzisiri dzechokwadi:

Ngano 1: Vashandirwi vanogona nguva dzose kusarudza vashandi vaduku kuti “vamutse” vashandi

Aiwa, kushandisa zera sechinhu chinodiwa nokuda kwokuchengeta rusarura chakananga.vashandirwi vanofanira kuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa parunako nebasa rakakodzera, kwete zera.

Ngano 2: Vashandi vakura vanodhura zvikuru uye vanogona kudzingwa pakutanga kuti vachengete mari

Nepo vashandi vakura vangava nemiripo yakakwirira zvikuru nemhaka yokukura, kushandisa mutengo somupimo hakusati kuri dziviriro kana kuchitapura nomutoo usingaenzaniswi mapoka ezera akadzivirirwa.ADEA nemitemo yakafanana inodzivirira vashandi vakwegura pakubviswa kwakavakirwa pandyiko kutoti mushandirwi achigona kuratidza chinodikanwa chebasa chine donzo icho chisingagoni kuitwa kupfurikidza nemitoo mishomanene yokushandisa utsotsi.

Ngano 3: Kuongorora kushanda nguva dzose kune chinangwa

Kuongorora kushanda kunogona kuchinjwa nemaonero ezera. Kana mushandi akwegura agara achiongororwa zvakanaka asi angonzi haana kukura zvakanaka pamberi chaipo pokubviswa kwebasa, izvozvo mureza mutsvuku. Vashandirwi vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti chiverengero chokushanda chinotsigirwa noufakazi hwakajeka, hwakanyorwa uye haapesvedzerwi norusaruro rusingacherekedzwi.

Ngano 4: Vashandi vari pasi pe40 havana dziviriro

In the US, the ADEA only protects those 40 and older. However, many states have laws that also protect younger workers from age discrimination. For example, in New York, the state Human Rights Law protects all individuals over 18 from age discrimination. In the UK and EU, protections apply to all ages, meaning younger workers can also bring claims if they are treated unfairly due to their age.

Nhano Dzinofanira Kutorwa Kana Vachirangarira Rusaruro Rwezera Mubasa

Vakwegura vanodavira kuti vakasarudzwa zvisina kururama vanofanira kukurumidza kuita chiito. matanho anotevera anogona kubatsira kuchengetedza kodzero dzepamutemo:

  1. Chinyorwa chiri chose : Chengeta makopi ekurukurirano yose ine chokuita nokubviswa, kubatanidza maemail, mibato, uye zvinonyorwa zvinobva mumisangano. Nyora mipimo yokusarudza inoshandiswa netsinhiro dzezera ripi neripi dzinobatanidzwa dzinoitwa namaneja.
  2. Kukumbira muitiro wokusarudza mapepa[[FLT: 1]: Kumbira HR nokuda kwetsananguro yakanyorwa yemawariro avashandi uye chikonzero nei wakasarudzwa. Mumativi akawanda, vashandirwi vanofanira kugovera ikoku pakukumbira, zvikurukuru kana kutaura kuchikarirwa.
  3. Chekidza nokuda kwemisiyano yemasvamhu[[FT:1]: Kana zvichibvira, unganidza mashoko pamazera eavo vakabviswa muchadenga neicho chakachengetwa. Musiyano mukuru wezviverengero unogona kusimbisa donzo.
  4. [ Fire kunyunyuta kwakakodzera nguva: Kurira sangano rakakodzera nokukurumidza. Usamirira kupfuura nguva inoshanda.
  5. Tsvaka gweta rebasa[[FLT: 1]: Mhaka dzezera rusaruro dzinogona kuva dzakaoma kunzwisisa. Gweta rinowanwa munharaunda ino rinogona kuyera ufakazi, kurayira nzira yakanakisisa yechiito, uye kukumirira muzvinoitika.
  6. Usasaina chibvumirano chenhambo pasina hwirudzuro: Kana mushandirwi achipa nhambo mukutsinhana nokuda kwomuparadziri wezvirevo, ita kuti chibvumirano chidzokororwe negweta usati wasaina. Iva nechokwadi chokuti chinowirirana nezvinodikanwa zvapamutemo (zvakadai seOWBPA muS).

Nguva Yemberi Yokudzivirirwa Kworusaruro Rwezera

Sezvo zviverengero zvavagari vemo munyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira zvinopfuurira kusvikira kuzera, uye sezvo jira remari rinotungamirira kukugadziridzwazve kwakawanda, nhau dzezera dzicharamba dziri dzakakodzera zvikuru. Kuwedzera kunobatanidza nzvero dzakawedzerwa dzemitemo inoitwa mukuita zvisarudzo, sezvo midziyo yeAlbha inoshandiswa nokuda kwokuronga vashandi ingava isingazivi kuratidzira mirangariro yezera. Vadzori vava kutopa ngwariro. Somuenzaniso, EOC yatanga nhano dzokutaura pamusoro petsika dzakarurama pasi peADEA. Mukuwedzera, chitsamanyuko cheCHOVID chakaona chitsarudzo chezera chinowirirana nokutsarukana, chinosimbisa kudikanwa kwokungwarira kunopfuurira. Masangano anochengeta nguva refu inoiswa mukuvadziko dzakakura, dzezera repuko asingadzivisi bedzi pamutemo asi anochengeta zivo inokosha yetsika nemushandi.

mhedziso

Mitemo yetsika yezera inogovera dziviriro dzinokosha kuvashandi mukati mekubviswa kwebasa nerekuchinja, ichivimbisa kuti zera harisi mhinganidzo kubatwa zvakanaka. Kana pasi peADEA muUnited States, Mutemo weSayero muUnited Kingdom, kana kuti mitemo yakafanana munyika yose, iyi mitemo inoda kuti vashandirwi vaise zvisarudzo zvokudzora, mipimo yebasa pane mipimo yezera. Vashandi, vanoziva kodzero dzavo nenhano dzokuvaita kuti vashande vanogona kuita musiano wakakomba mukutsvaka ruramisiro. Nokuda kwavashandirwi, kugamuchira mitemo inojeka, isingangowiriraniswi bedzi nomutemo asi inovakawo tsika dzokuremekedza idzo dzinobetsera vashandi vamazera ose. Nokunzwisisa nokushandisa iyi dziviriro, masangano anogona kuoma kutenderera nekutendeseka, uye havagoni kunzwa vane chivimbo kuti vasashande nguva dzavo.