MuUnited States, sarudzo huru dzinobatira semutoo uyo mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anosarudza nawo vadaviri vavo nokuda kwesarudzo. Mitemo inodzora iyo inogona kutora rutivi muidzi dzidzo inosiana zvikuru muhurumende nehurumende, nemienzaniso miviri mikuru: zvivambo zvakazaruka uye zvokuvhara. Sangano imwe neimwe ine revo dzakajeka nokuda kwokutora, kuvhota, kunzvera kwebato, pfungwa dzechitevedzero, uye utano hwedemokramendi hwese. Kunzwisisa iyi haisati iri bedzi gadziriro yedzidzo yedzidzo; ine miuyo chaiyoiyo yenyika nokuda kwemashandire anoita mireza uye nzira iyo miitiro inoshandurwa mukuita. Iyi nhevedzano inonzvera betsero nezvinovhiringidza zvezvose zviri zviviri zvinozaruka nokupfigwa, kunzvera misiyano yezvose.

Kunzwisisa Marudzi Okusarudza Okutanga

Kutanga kusvetukira muzvakanaka chaizvo nedenho dzezvisingabvumiki zvakazaruka uye zvakavharwa, kunokosha kujekesa rondedzero dzinokosha nenzvimbo umo dzinoshanda. Sarudzo huru makwikwi okusarudza ayo anosarudza kuti mutendi upi achamirira mubato rezvamatongerwe enyika musarudzo yavose. Mitemo yokutora rutivi inogadzwa zvikurukuru nomutemo wenyika, uko kunoreva kuti kune mhatsa yakati munyika yose.

Mashoko Avose Anorondedzerwa

Mugadziriro yokutanga yakazaruka, muvhoti upi noupi akanyoreswa, pasinei zvapo nesonganiro yebato rezvamatongerwe enyika, angavhota muvhoti ipi neipi huru yebato. Vavhoti havadikanirwi kuzivisa nhevedzo yebato panzvimbo yokuvhota; ivo vanongosarudza zvavo chirongwa chebato rimwe pazuva revhoti, kunyange zvazvo mitemo chaiyoiyo ichisiana (kokureva, dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira vavhoti vose, kubatanidza vazvimiriri, kubatanidza mitezo yezvimwe zvikwata, kuva nenzwi muchisarudzo chavanhu. ZVInenge 14 zvino zvino zvinoshandisa chimiro chikuru chekuvhura mumwe wezvikwata zvavo zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo mitemo yacho inobvumira vavhotera pamapati echisarudzo, nepo vamwe havadi kunyoresa vose).

Tsamba Dzakavharwa Dzinorondedzerwa

Zvigaro zvakavharwa zvinoganhurira kutora rutivi kuvavhoti vakanyoreswa nebato rezvamatongerwe enyika rakati. Avo bedzi vakazivisa kusonganira kwavo pachikamu mberi ndivo vanogona kuvhota mubato guru. Iyi gadziriro yakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitezo yebato bedzi yakazvitsaurira inopesvedzera kusarudzwa kwebato. Chinoisa kuti vamaninei vanofanira kuratidzira mipimo nezvinodikanwa zvebato racho, kwete zvavo vokunze avo vangava nefariro dzinorwisana. Zvinenge nyika 15 dzinoshanda dzakavhara mahofisi ose ehurumende, nedzimwe dzakawanda dzinoshandisa zvivakiso zvakavharwa nokuda kweriti inenge boka rimwe guru.

Betsero Dzokuvhura Mari

Kutora Rutivi Rwejeti Rwakawedzerwa Nokuva Netapuro Younyoro

Chinodudzwa kazhinji kazhinji zvikurusa betsero yemibato yapamhene ibviro yavo yokuwedzera muvhoti. Kupfurikidza nokubvumira vazvimiriri . vanoumba chikamu chakakura nechinokura chavavhoti, zvinopinza vagari vemo vakawanda mumatanho apakuvamba ebasa. Mukuwirirana nenyuko dzinobva ku National Conference of State Legislatures[, dzinotaura kuti nepombi dzinovhura, dzinova nemwero huru zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo muuyo wacho kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji uduku kana uchidzora nokuda kwezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana namakwikwikwi uye tsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Kuwedzera, vapangi voruzhinji vanogona kukwezva avo vanobvisa masangano akavharwa negadziriro inodzorwa, zvikurukuru vanowana masangano maviri anodzorwa pasina kudzorwa kudzorwa kudzorwa kupfurikidza nokusarudzwa kweboka rimwe rehurumende.

Kukwanisa Kuwana Mirayiridzo Ine Mwero Wakawanda

Nemhaka yokuti maprimidhi akazaruka anoda vakwidziridziridzi kusati vachingokwirira bedzi kunzvimbo yakatsiviwa zvikurusa yomubato asiwo kuva nemwero, maganhu, uye kunyange vavhoti veboka, gadziriro inogona kudzikamisa nzvimbo dzepfungwa dzakanyanyisa. Mutsigiri anofanira kuwina mubatanidzwa mukuru mukati memavambo anokwikwidzwa kuti atsigire mitemo inonzwika nenzvimbo hurusa yevhoti. Iyi simba rinogona kuderedza pesvedzero yepfungwa dzebato uye kubudisa vasaruki vezvinzvimbo zviri nani kuti vakwidziridze vovhoti. Mamwe masayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika anotaura kuti uyu mutoo wemiitiro inhau chimwe chikonzero chikurusa chaona nenzira yenhau kusarukira makwikwikwi uye kusinganyanyi mumitumbi.

Kubatanidzwa Kwounyanzvi Hukuru Nokuzvidavirira

Zvigaro zvinovhura zvinogona kusimudzira pfungwa yesangano rezvamatongerwe enyika pakati pavavhoti vanganzwa vasingadiwi. Kupfurikidza nokuvabvumira kutora rutivi muzvikwata zvakawanda munguva, vavhoti vanogona kupinda nemirangariro yakasiana yezvamatongerwe enyika ndokuita kuti mapati azvidavirire nokuda kwavadaviri vavo. Uku kugona kuderedza kusakendenga kwomuvhoti ndokuwedzera danda rinorangarirwa mumuitiro wokuvhota. Kupfuurirazve, maprista akazaruka anopa kuchinjika kuti vatsigiriki vatsigirisi vakasimba zvikuru kutsigira pasinei zvapo nechiratidzo chebato muchisarudzo chakati, icho chinogona kuva chinova chinofadza zvikuru mumaruwa anodzorwa nebato rimwe.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvematura Akasununguka

Ngozi Yokushandisa Mitemo Yakanaka Kana Kuti Yokutengesa Mari

Kutsoropodzwa kukuru kwemibato inovhota nenzira inoyera inobvira kuti ive nokuvhota kwakananga, kunowanzonzi "kuvhota." Ikoku kunoitika apo mitezo yebato rimwe inoyambuka kuti ivhote muboka guru, kusarudza muvengi asina simba nokuda kwomumwe munhu wavo kana kuti kubvisa namaune muuyo werimwe boka munzira inobetsera vavhotera vavo vamene murusarudzo. Nepo ufakazi hwemhindu hwemaune hwekuvhozhozhokero hunovhengana nejekero dukusa , kunyanyooneka kuva kungoti zvakaenzana nemubato womumwe webato pakwakerwa kwaro pakwazvo, bvirira kuti varege kutyirwa kuti varwiri voga voga voga voga voga voga. Zvizhinji zvacho zviito zvinoitirwa noruvatema ganda rwakakwirira apo vanopomerwa mumiteveri.

Boka Risina Kusimba uye Kudzora

Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika muUnited States masangano akavanzika, uye masangano akazaruka anogona kudzongonyedza mano awo okurondedzera mitezo yawo amene nokudzora zvibvumirano zvavo vamene. Kupfurikidza nokubvumira munhu upi noupi kuvhota pasinei zvapo nesonganiro, mapritary akazarura simba rebato navatsigiri vakavimbika vanoisa nguva nepfuma mukuvaka mubato. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kuvadaviriri vasingawirirani zvikuru neboka kana kuti vasina batano dzakasimba neboka. Munhambo refu, vapfuuni vanogona kuderedza kuzivikanwa kwebato ndokuderedza kubatana kwebato semasangano.

Kuvhiringidzika Kwepfungwa uye Kuoma Kunzwisisa Kutonga

Mitemo yezvigaro zvevavhoti inogona kuva inovhiringidza, zvikurukuru muzvinhu umo mirau inosiana norudzi rwesarudzo (mutoo, vamwe vane maprinsiprinsip nokuda kwehurumende asi kwete mahofisi ehurumende). Vavhota vangasanzwisisa zvizere kuti kupfurikidza nokuvhota mubato rakazaruka, ivo vangazvisakwanisa vamene nokuvhota mumakwikwi apashure perimwe boka (kana ganhuriro dzakadaro dziripo). Uku kuoma kwemifungo kunogona kutungamirira kuzvikanganiso zvokunyoresa nokupinda pakati pevavariro nemhovero. Vamwe vanotaura kuti ikoku kupfurikidza nenhimbe dzedzidzo dzevota, asi kudzokorodza kunoramba kuri nhau inopfuurira.

Kubatsira Kwokuvhara Mari

Kuchengeta Chizivikanwo Cheboka uye Kuvimbika

Zvigaro zvepaIndaneti zvinovimbisa kuti mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa bedzi ndiyo inosarudza kuti ndiani anomirira mubato wacho, ichisimbisa batano pakati pebato nevanounzwa. Iyi gadziriro inosimbisa ruvimbiko rwebato uye inokurudzira vavhoti kuti vabvume kuva voutungamiriri hwebato. Zvikwata zvinobatanidza zvinoitawo kuti zvive nyore zvikuru kuti mapoka achengetedze tsinhirano yepfungwa uye kuti avandudze zvikuva zvinowirirana, sezvo vadavi vanofanira kupindura kunzvimbo ine madhimoni akasarudzwa nenzira inowirirana kuti vasongane nebato. Nokuda kwevatsigiriki vazhinji, urwu rutivi runokosha rwesangano rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kujekesa Zvinodiwa Nevanhu Vanoda Zvechokwadi

Nemhaka yokuti vavhota muchinhu chikuru chinovharwa vanoumbwa navavhota, miuyo ine bviro huru yokuratidzira zvisarudzo zvechokwadi zvemitezo yebato. Vatsigiri vanozvidavirira zvakananga kuvanhu avo vachaumba vatsigiri vavo vakuru musarudzo. Uku kujeka kunogona kuderedza ruzha runotangwa nevoruzhinji uye vatsigiri vezvomubatanidzwa, miuyo yokutanga iyo iri mumiriri wechokwadi wechido chebato. Mukuwedzera, kuvhara nzira iri nyore yokutsigira nayo: vada vanogona kuisa ngwariro panhau dzine chokuita nechiva chavo pasina kuda kudzikamisa shoko ravo kuti vakwezve vasiri mitezo.

Kuda Kurerutswa

Zvigaro zvakavharwa zvinodzivisa nenzira inozivikanwa zvikurusa zvimiro zvokuvhota zvakaenzana nemhaka yokuti mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa bedzi inogamuchira marobhoti. Ikoku kunobvisa bviro yokuti boka rakarongwa rakabva mubato rinokwikwikwidza ringagona kunyoresa kwechinguvana semitezo kuti ridzore muuyo wokutanga(kunyange zvazvo kuvhotera kwakadaro kuchiri kugona kuitika kana muvhoti achichinja kunyoresa kwavo kwebato pachine nguva mberi zvikuru (chienzi uye nzira inodhura zvikuru). Kupfurikidza nokuganhurira, kuvhara, kuvhara muitiro webato unodzora mubato musero wokunze, kuchengetedza perero yomugariro weboka.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvemabhangi Akavharwa

Kuparadzwa Kwezvigaro Nezvigaro Zvisina Kushatiswa

Kutsoropodza kukurusa kwemaprimmmist kunoitwa kuti kuve kwakatanhamara kuzivikanwe kuti mugadziriro yapakuvamba yakavharwa, ava vavhoti vanovharwa pamuitiro wokusarudza mukurusa neanokura nokukurumidza zvikuru: vavhoti vakazvimirira. Mukuwirirana ne Pew Research Center, vanenge 40% yavaAmerica vanozivisa sevanhu vanozvimirira. Mugadziriro yokutanga yakavharwa, ava vavhotera vanovharwa pamuitiro wokusarudza kutoti vakanyoresa nebato (8) chimwe chinhu chisingadi kuchiita. Uku kubvisa kunogona kutungamirira kuderedza chipikirwa chenyika yose nenzwisiso yokuti tsika inoregwanwa mukurwisana naavo vanoramba zvinyorwa zvinonyora. Vatsoropotezo vanoti vavhari veboka rezvikamu zvehurumende inotora rutivi rukuru.

Kuparadza Kunoita Kuchinja Kwematongerwe Enyika

Nemhaka yokuti vamanikidzi vanovharwa vanokwirira kukwidza zvikurukuru kuvhotera vakazvitsaurira zvikurusa, uye kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru vatsigiri vepfungwa, vanogona kuwedzera kukura kwemifungo. Vanotsigira nzvimbo mukati menzvimbo yokutanga vangagamuchira nzvimbo dziri kure nemuvhoti wenhau, vachikuita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kukunda sarudzo dzavose uye kudzora nenzira inobudirira. Uyu "purisa" muuyo unogona kuva wokusarurwa zvikuru: fundo dzamasayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika dzakadai se Brennan Center yeMutongi yakabatanidza zvikamu zvakavharwa kuzvinyorwa zvakanyanyisa zvokuvhotera uye pamutemo. Muuyo unogona kuva muuyo wokuzvibatanidza wogarira mutsva mukuru apo anoraira rucheno.

Zvinogona Kushandiswa Muchina Wokufambisa Zvinhu Zvishoma

Nepo maprimite akavharwa achivimbisa kuti vatsigiri vebato ndivo vaiti vechisarudzo, ivowo vanoparira kuderera kukurusa kuenzaniswa nemiitiro yakavhurika. Independents navavhoti vasina kubatana, avo vangatora rutivi, vanganzi havadikanwi. Mudzimwe nyika, kuvharwa kukuru pakati pavatsinhiri vakanyoreswa kwakadererawo nemhaka yokuti vavhoti vanofanirwa havawanzokwikwi. Kudzorwa kunoreva kuti chikamu chiduku chiduku chemitezo yebato (hwnstrosesss perm sy proves prosociationssssss jocier, icho chinogona kuderedza dhina dhina dhindiva.

Kuongorora Kunoenzanisa Nezvinhu Chaizvoizvo Zvinonetsa Zvenyika

Kubatanidzwa Nezvibvumirano Zvokufambisa Zvinhu

Ufakazi pamisiyano yapachivande pakati pezaruka nedzisingavharwi hunojekeswa. Chidzidzo 2020 chinoitwa ne Fairvote sangano rakawana kuti neavhareji yezvigaro zvakazaruka zvine avhareji yezvikamu zvikuru zvine nhamba dzine 3 muzana dzakakwirira kupfuura idzo dzine mavambo akavharwa pakudzora nokuda kwamakwikwi. Zvisinei, muuyo wacho hausati uri ufananidzo: makwikwikwi makuru zvikuru anogona kudzokera mumiitiro yose iri miviri, nepo zvigaro zvakakotsekana zvinodzorwa zvinodzorwa murudzi rwupi norwhipi. Chiripo chakajeka chakajeka chakajeka icho chakajeka chakakudziridza kukwidza kutora rutivi rwamadhindinwa.

Kuchinja Kunoita Zvinhu Zvemasero Echirongwa uye Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvikuru

Zvigaro zvinovhura kazhinji kazhinji zvinotsigirwa sechinoruramisa kutsinhirano icho chinovharwa chinogona kusimudzirwa. Kupfurikidza nokumanikidza vadaviri kukwirira kurusarudzo rwakafara, primmies angabudisa vamine vanopfuura zvikuru uye vanokwanisa zvikuru kuhwina vvutani zvine mwero. Nenzira inopesana, mapringidhi akavharwa angatungamirira kuvamanimanini vanorwisana zvikuru nendangariro asi vanofarikanya tsigiro yakasimba. Zvisinei, muuyo chaiwo unotsamira patsika dzetsika dzemapoka ehurumende uye makwikwikwi evhoti. Mudzimwe nyika dzinovaramwa zvikuru, mapristation angasavapo nemhaka yokuti muvhotera mukuru anotorerwa zvikuru kuboka rimwe chete. Masangano akaoma zvikuru, asi anodzorwa zvikuru nerondedzero yavose inoderedza rondedzero.

Kugadzira Zvinhu Zvisina Kutsarukana: Kuwanda Nemigumisiro Yacho

Kuitira hanya pamusoro povhotavhota kwakarongwa kunowanzosimudzirwa asi hakuwanzobvumikiswa pamwero. Nzvero paPurimite inoratidzirwa kuti vavhoti vazhinjisa vanosarudza nokuda kwavo nokuda kwomumwe muvhoti; havasati vari kupinda mukuvadziko inotemwa. Zvisinei, kune zvinoitika zvakanaka umo kuvhotera kwakarongwa kwakaitika, zvakadai somuna 2000 Michigan Republican mukuru umo Democratic Publication inoshumwa kuti ibetsere kusarudza mushori asina simba zvikuru nokuda kwebato ravo vamene. Zviitiko zvakadaro hazvisizvo, asi zvinoparira gakavadzano yakakwana kuchengeta kurukurirano iri mhenyu. Zvitsauko zvinobvisa chose chose chose ngozi asi pamutengo wokuvhotera vanhu vazhinji.

Kubatanidza uye Kudzora Kunoita Dzehurumende

Kubva mumurangariro werondedzero yedemocracy, maprimrim akavhurika anowirirana zvikuru nemurangariro wezvisarudzo segadziriro yezvisarudzo zvevagari vemo zvinoganhurirwa, nepo primmies dzakavharwa dzichisimbisa magariro ebato azvimene, kana kuti vanhu vazhinji vakazvimirira, vanogona kuparira ganhuriro, sezvo vagari vazhinji vasina chavangataura muvanooneka parusarudzo rwavo rwavose. Ikoku zvikurukuru kunonetsa mumaruwa anodzorwa zvikuru umo kusarudzwa kusati kuri makwikwikwi, kureva kusarudza kukuru kunoitwa nomumiriridziridzi. Mune "chengeteko" zvigaro zvamagaro zvavanhu vakurusaro zvakafanana nokubviswa kwavo chose chose chose.

Maitiro Okumwe Nokushandisa Marapirwe Ehwanda

Kunze kwezvikamu zviviri zvemitsetse, nyika dzakawanda dzakashandisa mitsetse inobatanidza zvinhu zvinoumba mativi ose.

Semi - Volder

Muchikamu chikuru chisingavhuriwi kaviri, vavhoti vangasarudza pazuva resarudzo kuti chirongwa chebato ndechipi chikuru chokuvhota machiri, asi vanofanira kuzivisa pachena chisarudzo chavo panzvimbo inovhota. Kubatanidzwa kwebato kwavanosarudza kunonyorwa ipapo uye kungatapura mitemo yokutora rutivi kwomunguva yemberi. Iyi tsika inopa chichinjiko chakafanana nokuvhura maprimmi asi inochengeta zvimwe zviziviso zvebato. Inoshandiswa mumapoka mashoma enyika uye ganhuriro pamwero pamwero wakati kuti nechete nechete yeboka rokuzvidavirira.

Matura Akavharwa

Vavhoti vakavharwa vanobvumira vavhoti kuzvimirira kana kuti vasina kuvharwa kuti vatore rutivi mubato guru kunyange kana vasina kunyoreswa nebato iroro, asi vanobvisa vavhoti vakanyoreswa nevamwe vanhu. Ikoku kunopa inzwi apo kunovadzivisa kuvhota kubva kuvavhotera vanopesana. Zvinenge nyika 15 dzinoshandisa chimiro chakati chechinhu chikuru. Iyi tsika inowanzoonekwa sechikamu chinobvumiranisanisanisanisa zvinhu nepo pari kuperera paboka rinenge richitambanurira kumunhu anozvimirira ari kukura.

Matare Apamusoro - Paviri uye Asiri Apamutemo

Dzimwe nharaunda dzinoti California, Washington, uye Alaska dzakagamuchira gadziriro huru mbiri umo vadaviriki vose, pasinei zvapo nepati, vanooneka pabhoti rokutanga rimwe, uye mavhoti maviri okumusoro achienda mberi kurusarudzo rwavose pasinei zvapo nesonganiro. Iyi gadziriro nenzira inobudirira inobvisa masangano enzvimbo dzose chose chose uye yakasimudzirwa senzira yokuderedza nayo kuderera kwenzvimbo inogarwa nokukurudzira vavhotera kutsigira vakwikwidza kumativi ose. Inoitawo kuti vasarukidze vavhoti. Vachawanazve dare recotation calculus, sezvo vapambiri vanofanira kukumbira vavhotera panzvimbo pepa panzvimbo pepa. Kunzvera kubva [Ft:] Cambriette University [Fct 1:]

mhedziso

Gakava pakati pezvigaro zvakazaruka nezvisingabvumirwi inharo huru pamusoro pedonzo resarudzo huru imene. Kuvhura maprimime anoisa nzvimbo yokutanga mukuwirirana nenzanga, kutora rutivi kwakafara, uye bviro yekuva nomwero. Vara reboka rinosimbisa kutendeseka kwebato, kuwirirana, uye maruramiro amapoka akarongwa kuti aone mumireza wavo vamene. Hapana tsika isina zvikanganiso; imwe neimwe inotakura kutengeswa kunotapura kumirira, shatisa, uye kuva nomutemo wedemocracy.

Vadzidzisi navadzidzi vanonzvera aya masangano vanofanira kurangarira mashoko akapoteredza ezvamatongerwe enyika ($8) makwikwi okuvhota, ukuru hwezvivhota zvakazvimirira, simba remasangano ebato, uye mwero wokuparadzanya (mune maprimical anoshanda). Chimiro chenguva pfupi yazvino chave chiri kumitezo yakazaruka zvikuru, nehurumende dzakafanana neColorado neUtah dzinochinja kubva pakuvhara kuti dzivhure kana kuti kuvhura zvimwe zvigaro. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mamwe masangano akachinja, achiisa zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa zvebato kuti adzivirire chikwata. Kunzwisisa ufakazi hwemifungo nezvibvumikiso zviri shure kwenzvimbo imwe neimwe zvinokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti vatungamiriri vayo veUnited States vasarudze sei kana kuti vasarudzei kushandura nzvimbo yavo huru mune zvematongerwe enyika.

Pakupedzisira, chisarudzo chegadziriro huru hachisi chinhuwo zvacho chounyanzvi asi chiratidzo chetsika dzinokosheswa zvikuru pamusoro pehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, kumirira, uye basa rebato rezvematongerwe enyika. sezvo vavhoti vanopfuurira kuvapo, gakava riri pakati pezvigaro pachena nezvisingabvumirwi richaramba riri chinhu chikuru chekurukurirano dzekuchinja kwechisarudzo cheAmerica.