Sumo: Chiziviso Chokuenzana

Sumo kuBumbiro reMitemo ndeimwe yezvikamu zvinonokorwa mashoko zvikurusa muupenyu hwezvamatongerwe enyika hweAmerica, asi kazhinji kazhinji inorangarirwa seyakabudirira seyagara iripo. Chaizvoizvo, mashoko okutanga. “Isu vanhu” veUnited States (anoshanda seziviso yokutanga uye ine simba zvikurusa yokuenzana murugwaro. Pamberi peBumbiro reMitemo, Mitemo yeConfederation yaibatwa semasangano makuru ane nongedzero duku kuchiremera chomunhu mumwe nomumwe. Pregetry yakabvisa shoko iroro kupfurikidza nokuisa pamutemo kwehurumende yose yemubatanidzwa mubvumirano inodzorwa. Uku kwakanga kuri kubviswa kwapamhenero mukuru wetsika dzehurumende yeEurope, umo simba raiyerera kubva kutsika dzamambo kuenda kuvanhu.

Chitsama chamashoko chinoti “Isu vanhu” tinotaura zvinonzwika kuti mugari wemo wose, pasinei zvapo nechinzvimbo, anogovera kuchiremera chikuru cherudzi. Inozivisa hurumende iripo kuti ishumire vanhu vayo, kwete imwe nzira. Iyi nharidzano inoratidzirawo zvinangwa zvikuru zvehurumende itsva:“ Ruramisiro, inotendera kuti dziviriro dzemhuri, inogovera kudzivirira kwavose, inotsigira Welfare, uye inochengeta zvikomborero zveNdendedzero kwatiri timene nePreter.” Izvi zvisakiso zvinoratidzirawo kuda kuita nzanga uko munhu ari wose anogona kufarikanya maruramiro makuru nokubatwa zvakanaka. “General Grefelity" inogovera nokuda kweboka rakaisvonaka reNbercus. Mupfungwa iyi inoita kuti pave nenheyo yetsika nemitemo yetsika yapamutemo nokuda kwemitezotezotevedzero.[0]

Uyezve, simbiso yePregagery pa “Presation” inoratidza musengwa wechizvarwa chimwe kuenzana. Vagadziri vakanzwisisa kuti basa rokuvaka chaunga chakarurama harisati raizopedzwa munduramo dzavo vamene, uye vakaraira zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi kupfuurira kuvavarira kurangarira donzo iroro. Uyu mutauro unotarisisa mberi rutivi rweinoita kuti Bumbiro remitemo rive chinyorwa chipenyu, rinokwanisa kurondedzerwazve nokukudzwa senzwisiso yorudzi youenzani.

Kudzivirira Claus Kwakaenzana

Musi we14th Amendment, wakasimbiswa muna 1868 pashure peHondo yevagari vemo, une chinonzi chakajeka zvikuru uye chine simba chibvumikiso chebumbiro remitemo chokuenzana: Mutezo weSangano rinodzivirira Claus. Chikamu ichi chinotaura kuti “Hapana Hurumende icharamba munhu upi noupi... musimba rayo kudzivirirwa kwakaenzana kwemitemo." Mutauro wacho wakafara noune, uchifukidza“ munhu upi noupi” panzvimbo po “mugari wemo upi noupi,” chisarudzo chakawedzerwa kudzivirira vasiri vaFilitiki uye vaichimbova varanda zvakafanana. Wakaronge wakarongedzerwa kubvisa dziviriro yakaenzana nemitemo yakaenzana. [[[FLT:] [FLT]] Scod [F:] [1]] [5] chisarudzo], icho chakanga chafunga kuti vagari veAfrica havagoni kuva vagari veUnited States.[FFF]

Kudzivirira Kukaenzana kwazova chitima chikuru kupfurikidza nacho dare rehurumende rinomanikidza kuenzana. Chikamu chinoshanda kupfurikidza nokuda kuti mutemo upi noupi kana kuti chiito chehurumende chive chakaenzana navanhu (pamuenzaniso, kupfurikidza nedzinza, kana kuti mavambo orudzi) chinofanira kururamiswa nedonzo repamutemo rehurumende. Nokufamba kwenguva, Dare Rapamusoro rakatanga gadziriro yakarongwa ye “majereta. Zvikamu zvakavakirwa parudzi." zvinogamuchira “kunzvera kukuru,” mupimo wakakwirira, kureva kuti mutemo unofanira kubatira fariro inogombedzera uye kugadziriswa zvishoma kuti uwane fariro iyoyo. Gender-ateagent, neastrust. Zvipo zvizhinjisaro zve “kurangarira." Chimiro ichi chinopa chipikirwa chemitemo yokudzivirira, kusimbisa kuti mitemo inopfupikisa, kutopfuurwa.[0]

Kunokosha kucherekedza kuti Ecult Protection Claus yakashandiswa pakuvamba bedzi kuhurumende dzeUnited States, kwete hurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Zvisinei, Dare Rapamusoro gare gare rakabatanidza iyi vimbiso mukurwisana nehurumende yehurumende kupfurikidza neFindrencence of the Findment’s Clause, dzidziso yapamutemo inozivikanwa se “kubatanidzwazve. Nemhaka iyi, zvinenge zviito zvose zvehurumende muUnited States zvinova pasi pechinodikanwa chedziviriro yakaenzana. Nokuda kweudzamende panhau nokushandiswa kwechitsama, varavi vangabvunza [[FLT:] Cornell Reformation Information Institute yeSalight Reformation Office .[FLT]]

Mhaka Dzakaratidzirwa Dzakapesvedzerwa Nedziviriro Yakaenzana yaClaus

Zvisarudzo zvizhinji zveDare Gurusa zvakadudzira ndokushandisa Expand Protection Claus kuparadza miitiro yeparamende ndokutambanudza maruramiro akaenzana kumapoka akare akaderedzwa. Pakati pechinjo hurusa ndi Brown v. Board of Education (1954)[FLL:1], iyo inozivisa kuti nzanga yedzinza muzvikoro zvavose haienzaniswi, inoputsa dzidziso ye “yakaenzana” yakagadzwa mu [[FLT:] Preves v. Ferguson[FLD] [186]. Chiregist Earl Harrents yakanyora kuti“ zvivako zvedzidzo zvisingaenzaniswi,” kutaura kuti kukuvadza kwomundangariro nemunzanga kudarika nzvimbo dzezviito.[FL:]

Munzvimbo yemwero wevatano, nhau ya yakanyorwa ne. Reed (1971) nguva yokutanga Dare Gurusa rakashandisa Mutezo weMitemo Claus kuputsa mutemo waitsaura vakadzi. Mhaka yaibatanidza Idaho yaisarudza varume panzvimbo dzenzvimbo, uye Dare rairangarira kuti kusarura kwakakomba kwakadaro kunopesana nevatano kwakapesana nomutemo we1449. Gare gare, mu [[FLT:] United States v. (1966)[FLT], Dare rakaraira Virginia Militation Institute kubvuma, richiva kuti mugariro wacho uve wakakundikana kugovera “kururamisa kwoukuru. [FLT]

Mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya, Kudzivirira Kuenzana kwave kuchibatsira mukufambira mberi LGBTQ+ kodzero. Chisarudzo chechiratidzo Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) yakatonga kuti varoorani vokwake voga vane kodzero yepamutemo yokuroora, vachirangarira kuti roorano ifariro huru yerusununguko uye kuti kubvisa vakaroorana vevatano imwe cheteyo kubva kusangano iroro kwakaputsa zvose zviri zviviri Mutezo wakafanira neFom Protection Clausdes. Murangariro weChiratiso cheKennedy wakasimbisa kuti “Bumbiro reMitemo rinopikira rusununguko kuvose vari mukati maro, rusununguko runobatanidza kodzero dzakati dzakati dzinobvumira vanhu, mukati pamutemo, mukati rondedzero uye kuratidzira chizivikanwo chavo.”[FLD:]

Zvimwe zvinoitika zvinokosha zvinobatanidza Loval v. Virginia (1967), iyo yakaputsa mitemo yehurumende inorambidza roorano yemarudzi, uye Grimeader v. Bollinger (2003), iyo yakatsigira kushandiswa kwedzinza sechinhu chimwe pakati pavazhinji muchikoro chomutemo kubvumira kusimudzira mhatsa. Izvi zviitiko pamwe chete zvinoenzanisira kuti dziviriro inowirirana naClausleoce chishandiso chine simba chinochinjira kunzwisiso inowirirana neruramisiro.[FLT]

Kuenzana kwaClaus Kwakafanira

Nepo Kudzivirira Claus kwakaenzana kuri vimbiso huru, Gungano reKinayith Amendment rinoitawo basa rinokosha mukuchengeta kuenzana nokuda kwavagari vose. Gwende reChiitiso Claus rinodzivirira vanhu pachiito chehurumende chokuzvidira kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inoruramisira, ine mufungo, uye inoshandiswa nguva dzose. Ine mitanho miviri: gadziriro dzakakodzera, inoda miitiro yakarurama hurumende isati yagona kutorera mumwe munhu upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu, uye muitiro wakafanira, unodzivirira maruramiro makuru kudzoro dzehurumende kunyange apo miitiro inodzorwa.[FK:0]

Muitiro wakafanira wave uri hwaro hwokuziva nhevedzano yamaruramiro anokosha kurusarudziro rwomunhu oga nokuenzana, kubatanidza maruramiro okuroora, maruramiro okushandisa kudzivisa kubereka, uye maruramiro emuviri. Mu Lawrence v. Texas (2003), Dare Rapamusoro rakarova mutemo weTexas unoputsa mufambiro mumwe chetewo wakavanzika, akabata kuti mutemo unoputsa Mutengo waClaus kupfurikidza nokuisa pachena munhu pasina ruramisiro yakakwana. Ichi chisarudzo chakagadzirira nzira nokuda kwokuzivikanwa kwapashure kwomuchato mumwe chetewo [[FLT:] [FLD2] 07].[FFF:3]

Murayiro Wekodzero Dzevanhu uye Bumbiro Remitemo

Kodzero yokuvhota ikodzero yehwaro inogonesa dzimwe kodzero dzose kudzivirirwa, uye Bumbiro reMitemo rakagadziridzwa ragadziridzwazve kufutunura kuenzana kwokuvhota. Finuteth Amendment (170) yakarambidza kusarura dzinza mukuvhota, Demendement yechi 19th (1920) yakapamura franccese kuvakadzi, uye mermendement yechimakumi maviri nerechiRungu (1971) yakaderedza zera rokuvhota kusvika ku18, zvisinei, iyi mitendiso yebumbiro remitemo yogari yaisazokwana kukurira nhamburiko dzinopfuurira dzokubvisa ganda, zvikurukuru vaAmerica muSouth.[FLT]

Voting Rights Act ya 1965 (VRA) yakagadzwa kusimbisa zvipikirwa zveFinuveth Amendment uye inoramba iri imwe yemiedzo yekodzero dzavagari vemo inobudirira zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica. VRA inorambidzwa kunyora nokunyora, mitero yevhota, uye mamwe masangano okuvhotera akashandiswa kuvhara vanhu vashoma. Yakaparirawo gadziriro ye “pamberi pestation” yaida zviremera nenhau yekusarura kuti awane tendero yehurumende isati yachinja mitemo yokuvhotera kana kuti miitiro yavo. [FLT: 0] Shelby County v. Harerter (20:1) [FL:1], Dare gurusa reSangano rakaita nzira yainoshandiswa kusarudza kuti ive yapambe nguva yokuita kuti pave nomutemo, kuderedza kuchengetwa kweVRA. Kunyanguvezvo, kudzivirira kwechikamu cheVF.

Kurwisa kwokuenzana kwokuvhota kunopfuurira nhasi, nenharo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pemitemo yezvisarudzo, kuvhota, kuvhota kwapakuvamba, uye ganhuriro dzepositi. Vatsigiri vemitemo yezvivhoti zvorumano vanodzivisa kubiridzira, nepo vatsoropodzi vachipikisa nomutoo usingaenzaniswi vanotapura vavhoti vashomanene avo sezvingabvira zvikuru kuva nechiziviso chehurumende. Matare anopfuurira kushora idzi nharo pasi pezvose zviri zviviri Bumbiro reMitemo neVRA, achisimbisa ukoshi hwezvokuchengeta kwokungwarira.[FLT]

Basa Redzirudzo Mukusimudzira Kuenzana

Kugadziridza kweBumbiro reMitemo kwave kuri mutoo mukuru wokuwedzera kuenzana kwenguva refu. Bill of Rights (1791) haidudzi zvakajeka kuenzana, asi vimbiso dzayo dzorusununguko rwokutaura, rudzidziso, gungano, uye maruramiro kumuedzo wakarurama zvinoparira migariro umo uenzani hunogona kukura. Kuchinjazve kwataura zvakananga nokukudza boka raavo vane kodzero dzamaruramiro evagari vemo akazara.

Pesvedzero ye13th Amendment (1865) yakabvisa uranda nouranda husingazvimiriri, kunze kwechirango nokuda kwemhosva. Uku kuchinja kwakachinja zvikurukuru mugariro wamamirioni eAmerica eAfrica, kuvashandura kubva muzvinhu kuva vanhu nekodzero dzebumbiro remitemo. Dare re 13th Amendment rakapawo simba rokusimbisa gadziriro dzaro kupfurikidza ne “mutemo wapamutemo,” iyo Dare gare gare rakashandisa kupfuudza mitemo yamaruramiro avagari vemo inodenha“ zvisakafanira nezvinoitika zvouranda,” kubatanidza rusaruranogaro mudzimba nepose.

Geneth Amendment (1868) yakatanga kuva mugari wekodzero yemunhu wegumi na14, vimbiso yomuitiro wakafanira, uye dziviriro yakaenzana, sezvakurukurwa pamusoro apa. Finuteth Amendment (170) yakarambidza rusaruro rwedzinza mukuvhota. Pamwe chete, idzi Reconstmenton Amendment nhatu dzinoumba hwaro hwemitemo yekodzero dzevagari vemo muAmerica. Demendment yeGrandment (1920), makumi maviri neFOurth Amendment (1964) (kuzivisa mitero yemitero yevhotera mukusarudzo), uye makumi maviri neSixth Amendement (197) (kuderedza nguva yokuvhota) yakakudzazve muganhu yekodzero yevotaro) uye kubvisa mhingani dzokutora.[FLD:0]

Kwakafanira kucherekedza kuti kunyange pashure peiyi gadziridzo, chipikirwa chokuenzana hachina kuzadzikwa zvizere kwamakumi amakore akawanda. Somuenzaniso, Gadziriro yeChigumi nepfumbamwe haina kungoita zvokuzviitira vakadzi vane ruvara, avo vakatarisana nemimwe mhinganidzo yakadai semiedzo yokurava nokunyora, tyisidziro, uye ganhuriro dzougarika. MaIndian America haana kupiwa kuva mugari wemo wakazara kutozosvikira Indian Citizenship Act ye 1924, uye kunyange ipapo, nyika zhinji dzakapfuurira kuvaramba maruramiro okuvhota kupfurikidza nemitemo inodzorwa. Mitemo inogadza mupimo wapamutemo wemitemo, asi kuwana kuenzana chaiko kunoda kupfuurira kutendwa, kugarwa, kugarwa, uye mutemo zvinopfuurira nhasi.[FLD:]

Chiito Chinosimbisa uye Kutsvaka Kuenzana Kusingafungirwi

Kuenzana kwapamutemo kwapamutemo kwanzi mutemo unofanira kubata vanhu vose zvakafanana nejeko asi pane dzimwe nguva hakukwani kupedza zvinetso zvikuru zvenhau. Chiito chokusimbisa chinonongedzera kumiitiro inoita nhano dzinowedzera mikana yokuwedzera masangano anoganhurirwa munhau, kazhinji kazhinji mumativi edzidzo, basa, uye kutora hurumende. Iyi mitemo yave iri nhau yekurukurirano huru yapamutemo nezvamatongerwe enyika, asi inomirira kuedza kwakakomba kuwana icho pane dzimwe nguva chinonzi “kuenzana kwemiuyo inodzo inodzorongeka zvikuru”.[1] Kuenzana kwemiuyo kana kuti mikana, kwete kungongovawo nokubatwa kwakaenzana papepa.

Dare rapamusoro rakatanga kukurukura kubvumira kwebumbiro remitemo kwokubvuma chiito mu Regents dzeUniversity of California v. Bakke (1978), iyo yakabvisa mipimo yorudzi yakaoma zvikuru asi inobvumira rudzi kurangarirwa sechinhu chimwe mukubvuma kuti ive chimwe chinhu kuti itsigire fariro inomanikidzira yemhindu. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Dare ranatsa mwero unobvumirwa wemitemo yedzinza. [[FLT:] Grateb v. Bollinger v. Purogiramu yemages yaidiwa kuti ive yakaita kuti ivepo.[FLT][2003], Dare rinosimudzira Yunivhesiti University of Michigan School’s School inogamuchirwa namarudzi ose.[5]

Muna 2023, Dare rakaita chisarudzo chinokosha mu [[FLT: 0] Sangano reFair Adgicts, Inc. v. Harvard College uye Nhamba dzeFair Adgississis, Inc. v. University of North Carolina [[FLT]], zvinobudirira kuguma nokubvuma marejijime panzvimbo dzakawanda dzekoreji namayunivhesiti. Dare rakaramba kuti mapurogiramu okunyoresa paHarvard neUN akaputsa kudzivirira Clausus kupfurikidza nokushandisa rudzi rwakanga rusina pfundo rezvo revo revo raidzo dzinogovera betsero inowirirana uye kugovera betsero. Chisarudzo ichi chinoratidzira kuchinjwa chapamutemo muzviito zvakawanda uye chakatopfuudzira kubvumira kubvumira kurukurirano yazvo. Dare racho rokutsiva nokutsiva nokutsiva nokuchinjanisanisanisanisa mativi.[4]

Zvinetso Zvokuva Akaenzana Munguva Yazvino Uno

Pasinei zvapo negadziriro yebumbiro remitemo namakumi amakore efambiro mberi, denho huru kukuenzana dzinopfuurira. Kusaenzana kwemari kwakura zvikuru chifo chama 1970, neAmerica vakapfuma zvikurusa vaiunganidza mugove unokura zvikuru wepfuma yorudzi. Uku kusawirirana kwezvemari hakusi kwedzinza kana kuti kuva murume nemunhukadzi: Mhuri dzavatema neveSpain dzine pfuma shoma zvikuru kupfuura mhuri dzechichena paavhareji, uye vakadzi vachiri kuwana mari shoma kupfuura varume nokuda kwebasa rakaenzana. Mvumo yemari nenzanga inoumba zvinetso zvinovandika kupfurikidza nokuenzana kwomutemo.

Kudzvinyirira Voter kunoramba kuri itiro hanya huru. Kutevera Chisarudzo cheShelby County, nyika dzinoverengeka dzinoita mitemo yeIT inodzorwa, yakaderedza mazuva okuvhota, yakabvisa zvinyorwa zvokuvhotera, uye kuvhara nzvimbo dzokuvhotera munharaunda duku. Iyi mipimo yakaruramiswa seyakafanira kudzivisa kubiridzira, asi fundo dzinoramba dzinoratidza kuti kuvhotera kwevhotera hakuwanzowanzveri, nepo mitoro inoiswa neiyi mitemo inoderera zvikuru pakuvhotera ruvara, kuvhotera rwakaderera, vhotera vakwegura, uye vadzidzi. Nokuda kwavanhu Vanoita chiito (H.R. 1) zvakakarakadzwa kuti kudzorera nokuvhotera dziviriro, asi zvose zviri zviviri zvakatarisana neboka.[Foct:]

Chinjo yeruramisiro yetsotsi ndiimwe nhambo yakakomba mukurwisa ruramisiro. United States ine mwero wakakwirira wokusungwa wenyika ipi neipi yakabudirira, uye tsika inotapura nenzira isingaenzaniswi varume vatema navaHispanic. Mitongo miduku, mitemo mitatu, uye hondo yemirimo yakaparira mamiriro ezvinhu akaparira chipikirwa cheruramisiro yakaenzana. Nhamburiko dzokuvandudza mutongo wemari, uye kubvisa mhaka dzisina masimba dzinomirira nhano dzinokosha, asi basa guru richiripo kuvimbisa kuti gadziriro yeruramisiro inobata vanhu vose nenzira yakaenzana pasinei zvapo nedzinza kana kuti mugariro wemari.[FLT: 0]

LGBTQ+ uenzani hunopfuurira kushanduka. Nepo Obergefell akawana maruramiro eroorano imwe cheteyo yevatano, uye Bostock v. Clayton County [2020] [[FLT:]] yaidavira kuti Zita re VII rekodzero dzechiNational Act rinorambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa pachimiro chevatano kana kuti chikwatiriso mumabasa, dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoramba dzichikwikwikwidzwa. Nhamba yemitemo yakapfuudza kodzero dzevanhu vanotama, zvikurukuru vanhu vaduku, kuti vasvike utano hwechirume, vabatawo chikoro, kana kuti vashandise zvisaririra zvakaenzana mutsika dzavo. Mitengo iyi inodenhwa mumatare anodzivirira nokumwewo.[FFoct]

Nguva Yemberi Yokuenzana muAmerica

Chikamu chekuenzana kweBumbiro reMitemo chinovimbisa kuti chinochinjika kubatanidzwa, asi kuti chikwata hachisati chichingoerekana chiri chigaro chinongoda nhamburiko inotsigirwa yavagari vemo, vatsigiri, uye vakuru vakuru vavanhu. Kuumbwa kweDare Gurusa nehuvara kunopfuurira kushanduka, uye zvisarudzo zvomunguva yemberi zvingawedzera kana kuti zvimwe kubvumirana mwero wedziviriro yakaenzana negadziriro yakafanira. Vagari vanofanira kuramba vachiziviswa uye vachipinzwa, kwete bedzi pabhokisi rebhorati asiwo kupfurikidza nokutora rutivi rwehurumende, kutendeseka, uye dzidzo.

Chimwe chezvinoitika zvine tariro zvikurusa mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya izivikanwo iri kukura yokuwirirana kwemijaho. Kuziva kuti vanhu vamwe navamwe vane zvikwaniriso zvakawanda (dzinza, chirume kana kuti munhukadzi, kirasi, chimiro chevatano, urema) zvinogona kubatanidza rusaruro kana kuti ropafadzo. Gadziriro dzeSakaro dzakaenzana dzakafara zvakakwana kukurukura uku kuoma, asi tsika yemitemo iri kungovamba bedzi kugadzira zvishandiso zvokuibata nenzira inobudirira. Madare navagadziri vemitemo vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti kuenzana kunoshanda munzira dzinobvuma uye kukurukura zvinoitika zvakasiana zvaavo vanotarisana nezvimiro zvakawanda zvokuzviisa pasi.

Dzidzo inoramba iri madikanwa. Kunzwisisa nhau yegadziriro dzakaenzana dzeBumbiro reMitemo, kubatanidza hondo dzakaoma dzeReconstruct for the Constitution, sangano ravakadzi, sangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo, uye kurwira kupfuurira kweLGBTQ+ kodzero. Vagari vemo vanonzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri fambiro mberi inowanwa uye daro richiri kuenda. Zvikoro namasangano enzanga zvinofanira kudzidzisa kwete bedzi rugwaro rweBumbiro reMitemo, asi kududzira kwawo mapenyu nebasa ravanhuwo zvavo mukurondedzera kududzira ikoko.

Pakupedzisira, United States inofanira kunzvera nokungwarira nharaunda umo zvipikirwa zvayo zvebumbiro remitemo zvisina kuitika. Somuenzaniso, Acumilt Rights Amendment (ERA), iyo ingavimbisa zvakajeka kuenzana kwekodzero pasi pomutemo pasinei zvapo nevatano, yakapfuudzwa neCongress muna 1972 asi yakakundikana kuwana kujekeswa nenhamba dzinodikanwa nemitemo kupfurikidza nenguva yapakuvamba. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, dzimwe nyika dzakatendera ERA kuva dzakatsiviwa zvakajeka, uye nharo dzapamutemo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pokuti kupera kwekodzero zvino kunogona kuwedzerwa kuBumbiro remitemo. Kunyange pasina ERA, zvibvumikiso zvemitemo iripo zvinogona kuva zvimiro zvizhinji zvevatano, asi kutyorwa kwakananga kwaizogovera hwaro hwakajeka nokutsunga.[FLD][F]

Sezvo United States inova yakasiana zvikuru uye kuchinja kwenzvimbo kwenyika yose, nheyo dzeSakatanuro yokuenzana dzichatarisana nenzvero itsva. Chinjo yeCyclonest, ungwaru hwokugadzira, uye kuvandika mashoko zvinomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti gadziriro dzemitemo dziripo dzinodzivirira zvakakwana here pakusarura kwapamutemo uye zvimwe zvimiro zvazvino uno zvefungira. Simba reBumbiro remitemo riri musimba raro rokududzirwa kutsva muchizvarwa chimwe nechimwe nepo zvichiramba zviri mumipimo yazvo yorusununguko, ruramisiro, uye kuenzana nokuda kwavosese. Nguva yemberi youenzana muAmerica ichatsamira pakutsunga kwavagari vemo kuti vawayo vazvinokosha izvozvo.[FLT:]

Bumbiro reBumbiro reMitemo harisi gwaro rinowirirana asi idhipatimendi rinoisa nheyo dzinokwanisa kukura nokuchinja. Kutanga, Kudzivirira kwakaenzana neChiteshi cheChibvumirano chaCelasimende, kugadziridza kwapashure pekugadziridza uye kuronga pamwe chete kuumba chirongwa chakarongeka kudzivirira kuenzana kwevagari vose. Rwendo rwokuva nomwero wakakwana haruna kupera, asi nheyo yebumbiro remitemo yakasimba. Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinodanwa kuti chivakire panheyo iyoyo, kutsanangura zvipikirwa zveBumbiro remitemo mukurangarira zvinetso zvitsva, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvikomborero zverusununguko zvinochengeterwa zvirokwazvo nokuda kwavazukuru. [FLT:]