Chifo cheUnited Kingdom nenzira yakatenderwa kubva muEuropean Union pana 31 January 2020, Ireland yaifanira kurangarirazve ukama hwayo hwebhizimisi nomuvakidzani wayo wepedyo zvikuru. UK yave iri mubiyayo mumwe weIreland mukurusa wezvokutengeserana, inoita kuti inenge chikamu chimwe chezvitatu zveIreland zviendese kunze kwenyika uye mugove mukuru wezvokupinza. muganhu mutsva, muganhu wetsika, kunzvera, uye kunyunguruka kwemiitiro yeIrish, vatungamiriri vebhizimisi, uye kugovera vanamanija veketi kuti vagamuchire mukwane kutengeserana kwakato mukuru zvikuru (/na) uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kurwadza kudarika kutengeserana kunoitwazve kwechiIrish negadziriro dzechiIrish UK, kufambiswa kwechino nenguva pfupi, kuitwa neDublin neBris, uye kudzosera upfumi hwezvitsuwamangwana.

Ukama Hwebhizimisi Hunotangira 76Br Exit

UK isati yavhota kuti isiye EU muna 2016, kutengeserana pakati peIreland neUK kwakashanda pasi pegadziriro isina musonzo yeEuropean Single Market ne Custom Union. Mafai, mafaro, uye dzimbahwe zvakafamba norusununguko kuyambuka Gungwa reIreland risina miraundi, hapana zviziviso zvetsika, uye kusawirirana kuduku kwezvokudzora. Ireland yakatengesa zvinhu zvine mabhiriyoni 16 eUK paUK, kubva pazvokudya (nyama, mumukaka, zvokudya) kuenda kumishonga nemichina. UK, yakapfuudza, yakapfumisa Ireland nemharamhika yakafara yezvinhu zvinogadzirwa, mafuta, uye zvinhu zvinotengeswa. Zviwiriranwa zvinobatanidzwa mumigovero yeUK, zvokudya, uye zvokudya, uye mapurofiti anenge mapepa anongopfuudza muganhu womuganhu weUnizini mumuganhu weIrish maawa anopfuu yakapfuudza mari mumugwagwa weUK, kana kuti ipfuure upfumi hwenyika yeU.

Kukurumidza Kunetsana Nezvinetso

Apo UK yakasiya Single Market and Custom Union yeEU pakupera kwa2020, ukama hutsva hwokutengesa (hwakadzorwa neEU.UK Trade and Cooperation Aptional Adment) hwakatanga kurwisana kukuru muusiku humwe. Kunyange zvazvo TCA yakabvisa zvigaro zvemijeni pazvinhu zvakawanda (zvaibatanidza mitemo yemavambo), hahuna kubvisa zviziviso zvetsika, zviziviso zvoutsanana uye zvemabhii, kana kuti kudikanwa kwokuwirirana nehurumende mbiri dzakaparadzana.

Vapeiwo Kuparadzana

Makambani eIreland akabudisa zvinhu zvinodzivirira kana kuti zvinhu zvinogadzirwa neUK akatarisana kamwe kamwe nokunonoka pachiteshi chengarava sezviremera zvemiitiro pamativi ose ari maviri eIrish Sea zvakarwisana nemiitiro mitsva. Vamwe vagadziri vakashuma kuti zvinhu zvaimboda zuva rimwe zvino. Kunonoka uku kwakamanikidzira mafemu akawanda kuchengetedza mashekitari akakura, kuwedzera mari inobhadharwa nokubatanidza dzimbahwe. Zvikamu zvenguva zvakanga zvagara zvakanaka mumativi akafanana nezvokutengesa uye zvokurima zvakava zvisingashandi. Somuenzaniso, vagadziri vezvokudya veIreland Food Board (Bhord Beia) vakacherekedza kuti vagadziri vezvokudya vaduku, zvikurukuru, vairwisana nomutoro wokutarisira mavambo uye kuwirirana nemirau yeUK.

Kuwedzera Kutengwa Kwebhizimisi Romuchinjikwa

Mabhurokuro, mapepa okutumira, uye mapurogiramu ekombiyuta anoshandiswa ose akawedzerwa mari kutengiridzo iri yose. Nzvero ya2022 neIrish Transporters Association yakawana kuti 70% yamafemu okutengesa kunze kwenyika akashuma ndyiko dzakakwirira dzokudzora chifo cheBrexit, nokuona kuwedzera kwe 20% pakutumirwa kwemitengo. Ndyiko idzi dzairwadza zvikuru nokuda kweSMEs, idzo dzakanga dzisina chikero chokudzitora. Mukupindura, makambani akawanda eIreland akaderedza kuvimba kwawo neUK shopusss akavamba kutsvaka dzimwe nzira dzokushandisa muEUC, Asia, kana kuti muIreland zvakananga.

Kuparadzana Kunotungamirirwa

Kupfuura tsika, UK yakavamba kugadzira gadziriro yayo imene yokugadzira zvinhu munharaunda dzakadai sekotsekano yezvokudya, kunyoresa kwemakemikoro (UK GEACH), uye mipimo yezvigadzirwa. Vatengesi vokuIreland vanotengesa kuzvose zviri zviviri EU neUK vaitofanira zvino kuwirirana nemitemo miviri yakasiana--- siyana, kunzvera kwakaparadzana, uye kuchengeta mitsetse yemitengo inowirirana. Nokuda kwenzvimbo yemishonga yemishonga nemishonga.

Zvaiitwa Nevagadziri Vemiitiro uye Vemabhizimisi vokuIreland

Vachibvuma kuti ukama hwekare hwebhizimisi hwakanga hwachinja zvisingakanganwiki, Ireland yakashandisa nzira yakasiyana - siyana yokuderedza kukuvara nokuvaka mamiriro ezvinhu. Nhamburiko idzi dzakabatanidza masangano ehurumende (Entempre Ireland, IDA Ireland, Bord Bia), European Union, uye chikamu chavanhu chinoshanda muvhenganiswa.

Kupesana Kwezvitoro Zvokutengesa Kune Dzimwe Nyika

Chinjo inokosha zvikurusa yave iri kutumira kudzimwe nyika dzeUK. kunobva kuIreland kunoendeswa kune UK kwakaderera kubva paUC mabhiriyoni ane chiuru muna 2020 kusvika ku 2020 mabhiriyoni 1,5 muna 2023 (15% derero mumashoko nezita, kunyange zvazvo kuderera kwemitengo yemari inoparira mukaha). Panguva imwe cheteyo, kuendesa kudzimwe nyika dzeEUC kune dzimwe dzakakwira ne12% munguva imwe cheteyo, uye kuendesa kunze kweUS, China, uye dzimwe msika dzeAsia dzakawedzera nokukurumidza zvikuru. “Market Divisions" yakagovera mhindu uye masangano okubetsera makambani matsva, zvikurukuru muEurope, Middle East, neNorth America. Makambani okutumira eU.

Kuwedzera Zvinhu Pamahombekombe Nepamahombekombe

Kuti igonane nomutoro wetsika itsva, hurumende yeIreland yakaisa mari yakawanda mugadziriro dzezviteshi zvengarava nezvirongwa zvemitemo. Dublin Port, iyo inobata mativi mazhinjisa ezvokutengeserana neUK, inotanga nzvimbo itsva dzokunzvera, yakawedzera masitepisi ayo, uye yakatumira madhigitadhi epreprepreclarance system (“Custoral"). Port of Roslare, iyo zvino inoshanda sechikamu chikuru chescreat àn/roffand nekontaunt nekondidai yeFrance neBelgium, yakaona kuti mavhozhozhodhi 40% ezvitoro pakati pa 2020 ne2024. Hurumende yakaisawo mari inoton grigāin kuti itsigire zvokudya, ichivimbisa kuti zvakanaka zvinogona kuoneka pachena pasina kunonoka kutakura tsika.

Kugadziridza Mitemo uye Kubvumirana Kwezvokutengeserana

Ireland yakashanda pamwe neEuropean Commission kuti itaure EUPAUK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, iyo yakachengetedza kutengeserana kwehurumende kwerusununguko nokuda kwezvinhu zvakawanda. Mukuwedzera, Ireland yakaronda nhamburiko dzokusimudzira bhizimisi renyika kupfurikidza negadziriro yayo yemibato yebhizimisi nehofisi dzezvokutengeserana. Hurumende yakasuma “Briexit Readieting Grant". Urongwa hweSMEs, huchikarakadza kumakambani kuti abhadhare vamiri vamiriri vemishoni, vashandi vezvitima, kana kuti kutenga zvigadziro. Vamiriri veRCUPU vakawanawo gadziriro yokutsigira purogiramu yemitengo yemiitiro yemabhizimisi kuti vabatsire kunyora mafaira matsva.

Kushandisa Zvemari uye Kutengesa Zvishoma Nezvishoma

Mafemu akawanda eIreland akaisa zvishandiso zvemichina kuti atarisire mibato yetsika, kutumira zvinhu, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuteererwa. Kushandiswa kwesoftware yetsika dzinoziviswa nemunhu, kudzorwa kwemikoto inodzorwa neIIN. jidriveni yakura zvikuru. Kushandiswa kwe “Digital Trade” yakagovera kosi yemichina yokuchinja, inobetsera makambani kuronga mari yebhizimisi nemitengo yetsika. Iyi michina haina kungoderedza bedzi UKNCEF inotakura mutoro asi yakaitawo kuti mafemu eIreland ave makwikwikwi zvikuru mumisikacha yenyika yose.

Tapuro Yesekete: Vakundi Navakarasikirwa

Mamwe maindasitiri akaona kuderera kukuru mukushambadza kweUKchitafur, nepo mamwe akajairana nokukurumidza kana kuti kunyange kuwana mikana mitsva.

Zvokudya: Chitendero Chinofumurwa Zvikurusa

Chikamu cheIreland chezvokudya, icho chinotumira kunze mugove mukuru wenyama yazvo, mukaka, uye zvokudya zvakagadzirirwa kuUK, zvakarovanywa zvikuru. Mitemo isingachinjiri yeUK yakashatiswa neyaidzorosaidzoidzo neyamagetsi (SPS) inonzvera (mazuva anononozetswa echiIrish anononozetswa nendyiko huru. Kutengeswa kwenyama yenyama yenyama kuUK yakadonha ne 25% pakati pa 2019 ne 2023, nepo kutengesa mukaka kwakadzikira ne18%. Zvisinei, chikamu chakadavirira nokuwedzera muEUC misikacha yeICO (kudiwa kwechienzi chikuru chinova nechipfupiti yemhino) uye nokuwedzera uko kupfurikidza nokuiswa shoorwa kwemitengo. Makambani ezvokudya anogonawo kuderedza mari yeUKrasi inokwenye inokwevera kupfurikidza nomwero yeUKrata inokwedzerwa kumukano, zvinozivikanwa se “pamakwapamakero yeEUcriti inozivikanwa sechi Klan, uye Great Glan.

Mishonga Nesayenzi Yeupenyu

Ireland mutungamiriri wenyika mukugadzira mishonga nemishonga, namakambani mapfumbamwe epasi pose ane gumi epachipfuva anoshanda imomo. UK musika mukuru, uye kambani yakatarisana nedenho mbiri dzinobatanidza kurongeka pashure peBretit. Zvisinei, nemhaka yokuti kutengesa kuzhinji kunobva Ireland kuenda kuUK kunotumirwa kuUtran propeanyss (g., kubva pafekitari yeIreland kuenda kunzvimbo inoparadzirwa yeUK inoitwa nemarudzi ose ari maviri), mafekitari akakwanisa kudzorerazve zvisungo zvemari yakaiswa zviri nyore. Makambani makuru akawanda akachengeta “masheketi eU. sharma netende okubvumiranisa. Kuchinja kwemaparo ose kuUK kwakaderera, nokuderera kwe 4%, asi kuderera kwemari yakatengwa.

Mashandiro Nekuyerera Kwemari

Kutengeswa kwemasangano pakati peIreland neUK kwakabvumikisa kuva kwakasimba zvikuru kupfuura kutengesa zvinhu, zvimwe nemhaka yokuti TCA haipedzi mabasa muudzame. Mari, pamutemo, uye mafemu okubvunza akachengeta batano dzakasimba neLondon, kunyange zvazvo rimwe basa rakasiiwa kubva kuGuta kuenda kuDublin nemimwe mizinda yeEU. PostÍBrhit, nhamba yemafemu ezvemari akashaidzwa anotanga kuvapo muDublin, sezvo vaida EUU kusitorendial yebasa remari kupinda muMutengiri weURLAND. Ikoku kwakasimudzirawo nzvimbo yemipi yemari yeIreland, asi kwakarevawo kuti mafemu eIreland .

Zvinhu Zvinogutsa uye Zvinotenga

Chikamu chevatengesi chakava nevhiringidziko inooneka zvikurusa. Masupermarket nezvitoro zvakabetsera izvo zvakaparira mugove mukuru wezvinhu zvavo kubva kuUK yakatarisana namasherufu asina chinhu pakuvamba kwe 2021 sezvoketani dzokutengesa dzakadzimwa. Vatengesi vazhinji vakakurumidza kuchinjira kuEU vatengesi kana kuti kuvandudza dzimwe nzvimbo dzomumba. Somuenzaniso, Musgrave Group (Muninzvi weSuperValu neCentra) yakabatanidza mubatanidzwa wemibatanidzwa wayo inovanzara, ichideredza mitsetse yayo yeUKSIO yakagadzirwa kubva pa 30% kusvikira ku 15% mumakore maviri.

Basa Rezvibvumirano Zvitsva Zvebhizimisi zveEU

Nzira yokutengesa yapashure peIreland yaumbwa zvikuru nemitezo yayo inopfuuridzirwa EU. EU yakakurukura zvibvumirano zvitsva zvokutengeserana navakwanyina vakadai seCanada (CETA), Japan (EPA), uye Mercosur (kushandisa), zvose zvinogovera kumwe kutengeswa kwezvinhu zveIreland. Global Gateway yeISP nechinjano yayo itsva yetsika dzinotsigirawo vaIrish vanotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Uyezve, Europe Commission yakagovera nhungamiro neridzo nokuda kwemabhizimisi eIreland kuti apinde muzvinyorwa zveUK.

Panguva imwe cheteyo, Ireland yakaronda kukurukurirana kwayo yokutengeserana kwemibatanidzwa yezvokutengeserana. Hurumende yeIreland yakasaina trandada yenzwisiso neAustralia, New Zealand, uye nyika dzinoverengeka dzeAsia kusimudzira kutengeserana nokuisa mari. Zvibvumirano izvi, nepo zvisati zviri pamwero wemari yeEUGRANDED, zvinobetsera makambani eIreland kuderedza kunyanyova nomugariro wawo wenhau pamusika weUK.

Mutemo Wacho Wokuchamhembe kweIreland Nezvinhu Zvawo Zvakaoma Kunzwisisa

Hapana kukurukurirana kwemazano okushambadza eIreland kwaizopera pasina kunyorera Northern Ireland Protocol (zvino Windsar Framework). Iyi gadziriro inoita kuti Northern Ireland irambe yakawirirana nenzira inobudirira netsika dzeEU nemirau yemisika imwe yezvisipo, kureva kuti kushambadzirana pakati peIreland neNorthern Ireland kunoramba kusina kutsinhana. Kunyange zvakadaro, kutengeserana pakati peIreland neGreat Britain kunotarisana neEUCUPFORU udzoril. Yava netaswo yakaita kuti muganhu wechitsuwa cheIreland urambe uchiita kuti uve “zvisingaonekwi,” yaita kuti muganhu wetsika dzetsika dzenyika muIrish Greaterlandan Sea. Makambani eIreland anofambiswa neNorthern Ireland arambe kufarikanya, asi aya anodzorwa zvakananga neScotland, England, kana kuti Walesserwei. Wind Frams Frames (ad mumugwagwa 200) mumugwagwa mukuru weIreland kuti aendese nyika yeIreland ishayi iendesesese kuIreland, Northern.

Chiono Chenguva Yemberi: Kushivirira Nokuchinjika

Sezvo UK neEU zvinopfuurira kuchinjira kuukama hwavo hutsva, gadziriro dzezvokutengeserana dzeIreland dzichafanira kuramba dzichisimba.

  • Kuwedzera kwakawanda: vashanyi vokutumira zvinhu veIreland vachapfuurira kutsvaka misika muAsia, Middle East, uye Africa, inodzorwa nezvose zviri zviviri nokudikanwa nebanza. Hurumende Trade neProcement Stractive 20237628[FL:3] inoronga kuwedzera 25% mumisika inotengeswa kunze kwenyika panosvika 2028.
  • Kubatanidza EU: Ireland inokarirwa kusimbisa basa rayo senzira yokutengesera nayo translatic, kupinza mutezo wayo yeEU kuti ikwevere zvikwereti kubva kumafemu eUS neAsia anotarisira kubatira musika mumwe.
  • Kuchinja kwechidhigita neruvara rwegirini: Zvibereko muzvikamu zvemitauro, e86ccesting, uye zviteshi zvinotsigika zvichabetsera mafemu eIreland kuderedza ndyiko netsoka dzecarbon panguva imwe cheteyo. Carbon Bord Beat Mechanism (CAM) ichapesvedzerawo kushambadza, uye Ireland iri kuzvimirira imene somutungamiriri muzvinotengeswa pasi pematokisi.
  • Prothelial for UKÍEU redural rap: Kana UK neEU zvichichinja kuenda kumipimo mikuru zvikuru (sezvave zvichikurukurwa muchengeteko yezvokudya namakemikari), kumwe kurwisana kwebhizimisi kungagona kuderera. Zvisinei, kusajeka kwezvematongerwe enyika kunoita kuti izvi zvisade kujeka.
  • Muitiro unopfuurira unotsigira: Enppedie Ireland, Bord Bia, uye IDA zvichapfuurira kugovera tsigiro yemari neyekubetsera makambani kukwanisa denho dzinopfuurira dzeBrexit[1] ndokushandisa mikana mitsva.

mhedziso

Brexit yakagadziridzazve gadziriro dzokushambadza dzeIrish neUK, ichimanikidza chinjo kubva kukusatsinhana, ukama hwakabatanidzwa zvikuru kunoratidzirwa nemitoro yehurumende, ndyiko dzakakwirira, uye kukwiranazve. Ireland yapindura kupfurikidza nokuwedzera kunzvimbo dzayo dzokuwedzera, kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwayo kwomuviri nekwemifungo, uye kuvandudza mitoo yayo yemiitiro yeIrish , uye kugadziridzazve midziyo yayo yegadziriro yegadziriro yegadziriro yebasa. Nepo kutyiswa kwe 202020202021 kwakapfuvura, kuchinja kwemitengo kwenhambo refu yechivako kuchigere kuchiri kuchinjika. Kugadziridzwa kwemabhizimisi eIreland (5) uko kwakashandura kugovera kugovera kugovera nokuwana misika yayo mitsva uko kutengeserana kusingabvumirwi nokukurumidza, kunyange zvazvo kusingabvumirwi zvikuru. Nokuda kwezvirongwa zvebhizimisi zvinopfuurira kutsigira kugadziriswa nokuchinja kwemitengo.