Dzvinyiriro Dzemvura Pagadziriro Dzezvokudya Dzenyika Yose

Kuwanika kwemvura ndicho chinhu chimwe chinokosha zvikurusa chinotema bviro huru dzokurima mumativi ose enyika. Yakadzorwa ne 40% yokugadzirwa kwezvokudya zvenyika yose asi inodya inenge 70% yezvinobviswa mumvura yakachena. Munharaunda dzisina mvura yakawanda nedzisingawayi mvura shoma, iyi nhamba inogona kupfuura 90%. Chinodikanwa chikuru ichi ndechechinhu chaichoicho chakakasharara: zvokudya zvine mvura yakachena inovakasa, zvinoparadzirwa zvisina kufanira, uye mukuwedzera kwedzvinyiriro yazvo kubva kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kushatiswa, uye kuwedzera kwechiverengero chavagari vemo. Kuderera kwemiitiro huru yeaquifer Allaquifer muUnited States, Indus Basin muSouth Asia, uye Northern Suin China tyisidziro chakananga kuzvokudya zvenguva refu. Izvi zvinodzodzo dzinodzorwa pamwero yezvitsamiratiro yezvizvarwa zvomusikirwo.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kunoderedza dzvinyiriro idzi munzira chaidzoidzo nedzisingatapuki. Tembiricha dzeWarmer dzinowedzera kuderera kwemhepo inofefetera mumhepo yakapoteredza pasi, dzichiita kuti pave nokufema kukuru kwemvura inobva kuzvirimwa nevhu. Ikoku kunoreva kuti mvura yakawanda inodikanwa pamitezo yezvibereko. Kuchinja kwemvura kunovhiringidza mwaka unokura, nepo mafashamo makuru anoteverwa nokusanaya kwechando munharaunda dzemakomo nemakomo. Gadziro dzinoda denderedzwa kuchekererwa kwevera Sierra Nevada, somuenzaniso, nokuda kwemindhiminishe matura omuzvarirwo anopa mvura inopfuudza mvura mukati medziro yechirimo chakaoma. Mugumisiro wacho ihurumende inodzorwa nokusana kwemvura yakakomba.

Kushatisa kunowedzera chimwe chinhu chakaoma. Kushambadza kwemvura ine nitrogen, phosphorus, uye munyu kunoshatisa mvura iri pamusoro pemvura uye kunoshatisa mvura yapasi. Mwero yenyu yakawanda inogona kuderedza zvirimwa kana kuti kuita kuti ivhu risave risina chinhu zvachose munguva. Policies yakagadzirirwa kupedza kushaikwa kwemvura inofanira kurwisana nokuoma kwemvura, sezvo zvinowanzoda kurapwa kunodhura kusati kwagona kushandiswa kudiridza.

Kuchinja - chinja Mumvura Kunodzora

Gadziriro yemvura yainanga pamishonga yepokupinzwa: kuvaka madhamu, matsime, uye migero kuti zvitore nokuendesa mvura. Nzira yazvino uno iri kuchinja kudzorwa kwenzvimbo dzinodiwa, kugovera wirirano, uye kudzorwa. Kuchinja uku kunobatanidza kushambadza kwakaoma uye kuvandudzwa kwegadziriro.

Kuchinja Kodzero Dzemvura Nemarongedzero Okutamira Kunzvimbo Dzakashambadzirwa

Munzvimbo dzakawanda, kodzero dzemvura dzakavakirwa pakuti zvinhu zvakatanga kugadzirwa kare kana kuti kuva nenzvimbo, pasina kuchinjika kunodiwa kuti tigone kuita chimwe chinhu nokushayikwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu azvino uno.

  • Mashambadziro echitoro neBhangi: Kuchinja kwokuzvidira kunobvumira mvura kubva paukoshi hwakaderera kuenda kukushandiswa kwakakwirira. California yaita musika wakasimba wemvura apo varimi vanogona kutenga, kutengesa, kana kuti kukwereta kodzero dzemvura. Ikoku kunoparira sundo yemari yebudiriro uye kunogovera varavha mukati mokusanaya kwemvura.
  • Mipimo yeMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo yeMitemo yemitemo: iri kuwedzera kusimbisa kodzero dzemvura dzezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo. Iyi mipimo inoraira kudirana kwemikoto kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzinogara mumvura, inogona kuganhurira maruramiro okutora panguva yakaoma. Murray-Darling Basin Plan itsika yakatanhamara yokugadza miganhu inosungirwa pamutemo pakuwana kuti idzivirire utano hwemhoteredzo.
  • Kutendeuka kwechiVhoriyo: Chinoparira Hurumende kubvumira kutenga kana kuti kutora maruramiro emvura kubva kuvatengesi vanodisa zvikurukuru kudzosera mvura kunzizi dzakapera neawitsi. Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa se "kutenga," yave ichishandiswa zvikuru muAustralia uye iri kuwana chiverengero muColorado River Basin.

Zvishandiso Zvemari Nechinjo Dzinoparira

Mvura inowanzobatwa sechinopa mari yapachena kana kuti isina kushata, kuchitungamirira kukushandiswa kusina maturo nokupambadza. Kubvisa kwakafanira chinhu chikuru kukuchengetedza. Zvivako zvinovhara magetsi zvinodzorwa nejeresa zvakakwirira sezvo kushambadza kunowedzera, kutumira mutengo wakasimba wokurasa mvura mumvura unoshandiswa mune dzimwe nyika kuomesa kubvisa simba pamusoro pemvura. Kubvisa migove yesimba inoshandiswa kupomba mvura yapasi neIran mamiriro ezvinhu makuru epasi muIndia neIran uko magetsi akaparira ngwavaira kupetropeach - //i chimwe chezvikwereti zvinoshanda zvikurusa, kana zvikashaikwa, zvinowanika kuhurumende. Kuchengetedzwa kwemichina yakaderedzwa kunogona kudzorwa kumigoverwa kumigove yemvura kana kuti murimi.

Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pedenho dzokudzora mvura dzeCalifornia uye kutengeserana kusvika kubva kuPublic Policy Institute yeCalifornia.

Kutarisira Revolyumu Dzemvura Dzakasvibirira (IWRM)

Nheyo dzeIWRM dzinosimbisa kubatira pamwe kwemibatanidzwa yenzvimbo nenzvimbo. Kunoda kuti muitiro wemvura yokurima utange mukubatanidza kugoverwa kwemataundi, chizvarwa chesimba, uye kugadziridzwa kwemhoteredzo. Uku kuderedza masirilos uye kusimudzira batira pamwe yokudzora pamwero wezvikero zvinonyungurutswa. Nepo IWRM iri nheyo inotungamirira, kuitwa kwayo kunowanzoderera uye kunokwikwikwidza, zvikurukuru uko kodzero dzemvura dzakadzika zvikuru.

Michina Inofambisa Miitiro Inosunda Kugamuchirwa Kwounyanzvi Kwokurera

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runoshanda bedzi semhoteredzo yemitemo inokurudzira kugamuchirwa kwayo nokushandiswa kwakafanira.

Zvirongwa Zvemari Nezvirongwa Zvinotengwa

Hurumende dzinogovera zvikwereti, zvikwereti zvinoda kukweretesa, uye zvikwereti zvemitero kuvarimi vanopinza muruzivo rwokudiridza runobudirira. USDA’S Environmental Security Incentives Program (EQIP) manyuko makuru emari yokudiridza inodiridza, micropperpergers, uye gadziriro dzemitengo inochinja-chinja. Zvisinei, mitemo inofanira kugadzirirwa kudzivisa tapuro yakavharwa yemanyuko [[, umo kubudirira kwakawedzerwa kuendesa kumwe kudiridza zvirimwa zvinodiridza mvura kana kuti kubudisa madhipati ezviripo. Zvirongwa zvinobudirira zvinobatanidza mari inodzorwa kumitengo chaiyoiyo mumvura, kwete kungoshandisa kuchinja mumidziyo.

Mitemo Yokutungamirira uye Zvinodiwa Kushuma

Haugoni kudzora zvausingayeresi. Kuchera nokushuma kwemvura inhanho dzehwaro. SGMA inodhura nekakavadzano yeStatenable Groustable Heritage Management APUTICES (GS) inoda kuti nzvimbo yeGroustater Superation Istenation APTIST (GS) itange gadziriro dzinoita kuti itsigire pakuzogara panosvika 2040. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa miganhu, kudzika miganhu, uye kutungamirira zvakanaka. Nepo SGMA inodhura negaro, inomirira kuzvidavirira mukutarisira mvura.

Kugadzirwa Kwemari Kune Dzimwe Nzvimbo Dzinopa Mvura

Tsigiro ye yokushandisazve mvura , youori , uye [[FLT]mander aquifer reconfer reconfice (MH)[FLT]]] inokudza hamvuropo dzemvura dzinoshandiswa. Muitiro werudzi rwaIsraeri wokurapa 86% yemvura yaro yokushandisa kwoupfumi nokuda kwokurima unoratidza zvinogona kuitwa nokutengwa nokutsigirwazve. Mhodzi inopfumba inopfuudzwa zvakananga kuNegev, inoita kurima zvikuru mune yaichimbova nyika isingabereki. Poli inoderedza miganhuro yemvura inodzo yokugadzira nokushandisa nokuda kwokugadzira zvinhu.

[ Kurava pamusoro pegadziriro dzemvura dzeIsrael uye tapuro dzadzo pakusimba kwekurimwa.

Kunyura Munzvero Yehosha Dzine Simba

Kuongorora kuti nzvimbo dzakagadzirwa sei zvinhu zvitsva zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira mvura kunoratidza kuti nzira idzi dzinobatsira uye kuti mamiriro ezvinhu aya anobatsira sei.

Kutarisira Pasi kweCalifornia Kunochengetedza (SGMA)

Inopfuura muna 2014 panguva yokusanaya kwemvura kukuru, SGMA yakagumisa nhau refu yokupomba mvura pasi pasi pasina kudzorwa. Zvinoda matebhuro 21 akakwirira neane mitsetse kuti aite GS uye arambe achichengeteka pa2040. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutanga zvirongwa zvokuenzanisa kubudiswa kwemvura pasi nepevhu nepevhu, kudzivirira kupfumba nokunyanyisa, uye kuderedza kuderera kwemvura. Mutemo unopesana nemhaka yokuti unomanikidza kusarudza zvakaoma: kuderedza, kuderedza nyika, uye kuwedzera mari inotengwa nokuda kwevakidzwa. Kugadzirwa kwemvura kwapakuvamba kwakaratidza kuti kuunganidza, kuisa mari, kuvimbisana, uye kubatsira kwemari nokuda kwokuchengeta rezinesi. SGMA itsika inodzorwa mumvura, inoenzanisirwa kunyange mumugariro wezve mune zvematongerw enyika.

Murray - Dating Basin Plan yeAustralia

Millennial Deriate (1997-2010) yakakatyamadza Australia kuti ive nechinjo huru yemvura. Basin Plan yakavapo yakaisa kepisi yapamutemo pamipimo yemvura iri pamusoro pemvura ndokutanga gadziriro yokutengesa mvura iri pakati peyakakwirira zvikurusa munyika. Commoneralmental Water Horeter zvino inodzora maruramiro emvura akatsaurirwa kudzorera utano hwenzizi, nzvimbo dzapasi, uye mafashamo. $3 bhirillionss yakaiswa mumigodhi yemvura, kutenga miuyo yemitengo, uye muripi wemitengo. Nepo gadziriro yacho yakaunza betsero huru yemhoteredzo yemhoteredzo neshandiso dzinovandudzwa dzemvura, inoramba ichikakava negakava nekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pemibatanidzwa yemitengo yemishamba misha. Australia inogovera zvidzidzo zvamatoorwa anotambudza nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvesayenzi, uye kudzorongedzero yezvamatongerwe enyika.

[ Kushanyira Murray-Darling Basin Guevern Authority nokuda kwamashoko ane udzame pamusoro pechitsama chemvura neshambiso.

Gadziriro Yemvura Yakasvibirira yaIsraeri

Israel yakachinja kubva kunyika inochengetedzwa nemvura kuenda kunzvimbo inochengetedzwa mvura kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wemiitiro, ruzivo, uye gadziriro yapakati. Miitiro mikuru inobatanidza kugadzira mvura yakawanda (inoita kuti ichengeteke), chikepe chemvura inonangidzira mvura yakachena kuida nzvimbo, kugamuchirwa kwakapararira kwokudiridza mvura inonaya mvura, uye kurapa kwakakwirira. Hurumende yakagadza nharidzano yenyika yokudzorera 95% yemvura inoraswa nokuda kwokurima, yakasvikwa nemubatanidzwa wemitsetse yemichina yokurapa. Varimi vanobhadhara mutengo wakakwirira zvikuru nokuda kwemvura, asi mugove wacho unovimbwa uye unovimbwa panguva yokusanaya mvura. Kusimba uku kunobvumira kuti vaite kutengesa kwakawanda kwezvirimwa zvakakwirira.

Zvokudya zvemvura zvinonhuhwirira Nexu

Mitemo yemvura haishandi iri yoga, yakabatana zvikuru nemashandiro emagetsi uye zvokudya zvine simba.

Kuchera mvura pasi pemvura kunowedzera simba. Munyika dzakawanda, hurumende dzinopinza magetsi kuti dzipedzise. Ikoku kunoparira kudzokororwa kune ngozi: simba rakaderera rinokurudzira kupomba kwakakomba, iro rinoderedza matafura emvura, rinoda simba rakawanda kusimudza mvura kubva kudzika kukuru. Politiki inoputsa magetsi anobatanidza magetsi okufambisa kupombidza [kuwedzera maririma (sezvinoitwa muGujarat, India) kana kuti kushandisa magetsi anowedzera nokushandisa. Kudiridza zuva rinopa simba rakachena rakachena asi rinopa njodzi ye "kuwedzera kwezuva", apo simba rinowanika rinowanika rinowanika pano. Gamendi rinobatanidza kudzo dzinodzodzo dzinobatanidza kudzorwa kwepasi kana kuti kudzokororwa kwemiteverwa kwemite yemite yemite yemite yemite yero.

Mitemo yokurima yecarbon inotsigira utano hwevhu inobetserawo kuchengetedza mvura. Miitiro yakadai sokurima kwapabutiro, pasina kurima, uye kushandiswa kwemaruva inowedzera zvinhu zvevhu, zvinovandudza mvura inopinda nokubvisa mvura. Iyi miitiro inoderedza kuyerera uye inoita kuti zvirimwa zvive nesimba zvikuru kumvura. Misika yecarbon nepurogiramu dzokuchengetedza mvura inogona kugovera varimi mari inotengwa nepodziro dzakawanda nepo inobudisa kuvandudzwa kuri nani muutano hunoderera.

Kukosha Kunoita Mashoko Nezvinhu Zvinoshandiswa Pamagetsi

Chizvarwa chinotevera chemiitiro yemvura idrived. Kufambira mberi mukunzwa kuri kure, kufambidzana kweInternet, uye kugadzirwa kwamakombiyuta zviri kugadziridza kuyerazve kuyera kunoita mvura, kugoverwa, uye kuongororwa.

Kuongorora kwakavakirwa pa-satellite kwepanomira mvura painenge ichishandiswa (ET) muzvikuva zvakadai seOpenT inobvumira vadzori kuyera mvura chaiyo inoshandiswa nezvirimwa zviri mumunda. Iyi inomirira kuchinja kukuru pakuyera kubuda kwemvura (kuzhinji kunopombwa) kuyera kushandiswa kwemvura (kuzhinji kunoshandiswa chaizvoizvo nezvirimwa). Miteve yepo yakavakirwa pakushandiswa kwezvirimwa yakarurama zvikuru uye yakaoma kuvhara. Zvinogoverawo hwaro hunokosha pakuyera mvura mukati mhene.

Mavara ezvokuverenga kuti kuwanika kwemvura, kuchengeteka, uye kushandiswa mumbiya dzose kuri kuva zvishandiso zvinotapurwa. Masangano aya anobatanidza mashoko kubva mumageti enzizi, matsime emvura, mwero yematura, uye zviteshi zvemamiriro okunze kuti ape mufananidzo chaiwoiwo wedzino. Kuoneka zvakanaka ndiko kunokosha: kuita kuti misika yemvura ive inoshanda zvakanaka uye inoita kuti nzanga dzirambe dzichiva nedzinoshandira vashandisi vemvura.

Panzvimbo yepurazi, kusagona kusarudza kutsigira zvishandiso zvinobatira zvinobatanidza mirangariro yemvura yevhu, kudeya kutemerwa mamiriro okunze, uye gadziriro dzerongedzero dzemichina yokudiridza zvinogonesa varimi kushandisa mvura noururami. Mitemo inoita kuti zvive zvokushandisa unyanzvi uhwu uye igogovera tsigiro yemibato yavo inogona kuderedza zvikuru tsvina pasina kuisa mubereko. Chinetso chiri mukuvimbisa kuti makombiyuta anobatirana, akachengeteka, uye anobvirika nokuda kwavarimi vemakero ose.

[[FT:0] Kushandiswa kweSGMA yeSPRORE California nebasa remashoko mukutarisirwa kwemvura pasi.

Zviono Zvomunguva Yemberi Zvokuva Nomukana Wokurima

Tichitarira mberi, muitiro wemvura unofanira kuchinja kubva mukudzora kushaikwa kusvikira kukuvakazve kwokushingaira.Ikoku kunoda mitoo inodzoresa gadziriro dzokurima dzinodzivisa magetsi.

Maraged Aquifer Reofution (MAR) inzvimbo inokura. Mitemo inogadzira "kuwedzera kodzero dzemvura" kana kuti inogovera chikwereti chokuchengeta mvura pasi pevhu inogona kuderedza manyuko emvura anoshanda. Mukati mamakore akatota, muromo wakawanda unonyunguruka noungwaru uchienda panzvimbo dzinoparadzirwa kupedzedzedzesa mvura iri pasi pemvura. MER. Iyi mvura yachengetwa inogona ipapo kubviswa mukati mamakore akaoma, kubvisa kugadzirwa. Mavara emitemo anojekesa kuvakwakwakwa mvura inoiswa mvura inoiswa mvura uye anogovera zviko zvayo zvinokosha nokuda kwokuchengeta Mar.

Zvigadzikiso zvakavakirwa pa-(NBS) zviri kuwana nhevedzano yetsika. Kudzorera mafashamo, kubatanidza nzizi nemikoto yadzo yenhau, uye kudzivirira masango mupasi kunowedzera kuchengeteka kwemvura yomusikirwo nokunatswa. Madhamu, akamboonekwa sechinonetso, zvino anozivikanwa nokuda kwemano awo okuderedza kuyerera kwemvura, uye kugadzira nzvimbo yokugara. Mitezo inosimudzira kugadzirwa kwemvura nokubviswa kwemadhamu madhamu echinyakare inogona kuvandudza kuchengeteka apo anogovera kuchengeteka kwemhoteredzo. Kuchinja uku kunoda batirana pakati pamasangano okurima, maregate, maregate, uye mvura.

bvumidzo inovapo. Panzvimbo peganhuriro dzakarongwa dzinokurumidza kuva dzechinyakare, mvumo dzinogona kubatanidza "kugoverana kunosiana norudzi rwemvura" kunosiana norudzi rwegore. Mumakore akaoma, zvitsaru zvinoderedzwa zvinoderedzwa; mumakore asina mvura, zvinowedzera. Izvi zvinoderedza marwadzo emari okusanaya kwemvura uye zvinopa varimi mukana wakajeka wokupinda. Nepo hofisi, inobvumira kuwirirana kwemiitiro yemvura.

Pakupedzisira, kubatanidza kukamukana kweminda yomumaguta kunokosha. Maguta namapurazi anowanzokwikwidzana nokuda kwemvura imwe cheteyo. Mitemo mitsva iri kunzvera isingachinjiki kuishandisazve (IPR), uko mvura yomumaguta yakashatiswa inoshandiswa nokuda kwokudiridza, kusunungura mvura yakakwirira zvikuru nokuda kwokunwa. "Kubhanga mari yemari" gadziriro dzinobvumira maguta kubhadhara varimi nyika mumakore akaoma ndokuchengeta kugoverwa kwayo muyamupinzwa. Uku kubatana kunogona kuparira betsero dzose nokuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu emvura.

Nguva yemberi yokurima inotsamira pakugovera mvura yakatsiga uye yakachena. Kuwana ikoku kunoda chinjo kubva pakutarisirwa kwenjodzi dzenyika kuenda kukuronga kwakabatana. Miitiro inokurukurwa pano /misika yemvura, mirairo inotsigirwa, migove yemitemo, migove yemibato yemari, kuoneka kwemashoko, uye kudzorerwa kwesirivha. Zvishandiso zvinofanira kugadzirirwa nokungwarira kudzorwa nemvura yomunzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, mari, uye magariro enzanga. Rukudzo runozivikanwa navose ndirwo rukuchinja kuzvidavirira, kuchinjika, uye kudzora. Ndyiko yokuita zvinhu haisati iri bedzi miuyo yakaderera; ndiko kuderera kwakarongwa kwedzimbahwe romusikirwo kunotsamira pabudiriro yomusikirwo. Chisarudzo chakajeka chakajeka. Chisa chiri pachena: kugadziridza uye kuisa mari yakachinjika mumuitiro wemvura nhasi, kana kuti mutengo mukuru mangwana.