Michina Yakavanzika yeMutungamiriri Wehurumende

Chipikirwa chapurezidhendi chebasa chinopfuura zvikuru kuverengwa kwemashoko akanyorwa mutsika. Ndiyo nguva imwe chete inowirirana zvikurusa nebumbiro remitemo mukuchinja kwose kwesimba — nguva inofanira kuitwa pasina chikanganiso mumaziso enyika uye kuongororwa kwomutemo. Nepo vaoni vachiona chinoitika chipfupi, chakajeka paterevhizheni, chokwadi ndechokuti iyi nhevedzano pfupi yemitsetse ibasa remwedzi yokuhwirudzura kwapamutemo, kunyora, uye kuongorora kukuru.

Mhiko imene, yakatangwa muChikamu II, Chikamu 1 cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., yakapfava nenzira yokunyengera: I inopika zvakakomba (kana kuti simbisa) kuti ndichaita nokutendeka Hofisi yaPurezidhendi weUnited States, uye ichadzokera kuzvakanakisisa zvesimba rangu, inochengeta, inodzivirira nokudzivirira Bumbiro reMitemo reUnited States. Bva kugadzirira kwayo kunobatanidza mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma egamuchidzanwa, uchokwadi hwemitemo, uye kuronga kuti vashomanene kunze kweboka rinochinja vakambopupurira. Nyaya ino inodzosa vhara ji kuti izivise sei mhiko yapurezidhendi, yakaongororwa, uye pakupedzisira yapiwa noururangu.

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo Nouremu Hwenhau

Kunzwisisa kugadzirira kwazvino uno kuseri kwechinogadzirira kunoda kutanga kunzwisisa chikonzero nei mhiko ine simba rapamutemo nerokufananidzira. Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakaisa chinodikanwa chemhiko muChikamu II kusungira purezidhendi somunhu oga kumutemo mukuru wenyika. Ruzivo rwuri rwose — kushandiswa kwe "shambadzo" vs. "Applicate," kuiswa kusingaitwi kworuoko parugwaro rworudzidziso, mashoko akarurama — rwakakurukurwa ndokupedzwa kwamazana amakore. Dare reBokamwe Rokusonganisi paInfault Concerial Commental on Inaugial Ceremonies (JCIC) zvino rinotarisira chinoitika chacho, asi mhiko imene inoramba isingachinjiki kubva muna 1789.

Mumakore akapfuura, nguva shomanene dzekupika dzakava dzinorondedzera yeuko dzorudzi — kubva kuna George Washington anowedzera kuti "Soka ndibetserei Mwari" (mashoko asati ari murugwaro rwebumbiro remitemo asi zvino agamuchidzanwa) kuna Mutongi Mukuru John Roberts anogumbura mashoko mukati mokutsaurirwa kwokutanga kwaBarack Obama, kuisa murairo pachivande zuva rinotevera. Zviitiko izvi zvinosimbisa chikonzero nei kugadzirira kusati kuri kwoumbozha asi kudikanwa. Mhiko yacho haisi yokufananidzirawo zvayo; inozadzika chinodikanwa chapamutemo chokutora basa. Kana mhiko yacho ichipiwa nenzira isina kururama — kunyange kupfurikidza nedisiro imwe — pamutemo yemitemo yemavambo eshoko racho.

Muenzaniso wenhau unozivisawo zvirongwa zvokuedzesera. Somuenzaniso, pashure pekukanganisa kwa2009, Obama White House yakatanga muitiro wakaoma zvikuru nokuda kwokupika munguva yemberi, kubatanidza kugadzirira kwapachivande muMapu House. JCIC inopa nhungamiro dzakadzama [ dzakavamba kubatanidzwa kwete bedzi rugwaro asi chitsama, kuisa maoko, uye nguva yedariro yedariro redariro reSaruti yeChibhamu che 21. Boka rapurezidhendi mumwe nomumwe anofunda izvi zvidzidzo zvenhau kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvinodzokororwa.

Chikwata Chinoitika

Chikwata chakazvipira chinotanga kushanda mwedzi yakawanda Zuva Rokuongorora Zuva risati rasvika, kazhinji kacho chinotanga pashure pokunge zvasarudzwa zvapupu.Vatambi vakuru vanosanganisira:

Zano Romutemo Rinochinja Vatarisiri Vebumbiro Remitemo

Boka duku ramagweta ebumbiro remitemo mukati meboka rokuchinja kwapurezidhendi rinotungamirira mukuva nechokwadi chamashoko emhiko inowirirana neBumbiro remitemo nezvinodikanwa zvipi nezvipi zvomubatanidzwa. Vanoyambuka - yambuka mabhii chaiwo kubva kuNational Archives, vanosimbisa kana purezidhendi akasarudza "chipfeko" kana kuti "Afring," uye vakanyora chisarudzo. Magweta anopfupikisawo mutongi pamipimo yepamutemo — somuenzaniso, kuti mhiko yacho inovabatanidza kutsigira Bumbiro remitemo kunyange apo inorwisana nezvitendero zvomunhu oga kana kuti zvipikirwa. Iyi ndiyo nheyo yokutanga yepamutemo yokugadzirira.

Dare Retsika Nenyanzvi Dzemitemo

JCCIC inogadza "mutsinhiranisi akasarudzwa" uyo anotarisira zvirongwa zvinooneka: kuiswa kwadais, kuiswa kwamagudzanzwi, kusarudzwa kweBhaibheri kana kuti rimwe bhuku, uye nguva yokupinda kweMutongi Mukuru. Uyu mutsinhiranisi anoshanda pedyo neMutungamiriri weHome yeProtootoom yeWhite uye boka revatarisiri vapanyika kuva nechokwadi chokuti hapana udzame hunofuratirwa. Ivo vanorongawo "kufamba-kufora" kuhwirudzura — kwainowanzoitwa mavhiki maviri pamberi pomutambo wacho, ipapo zvakare usiku husati hwasvika, uye pakupedzisira suo yakavharwa inomhanya mangwanani eIngrotion Day.

Vatauri uye Vakurukuri

Kunyange zvazvo mhiko imene yakaigadzirirwa, nhambo dzakaipoteredza — dzakadai sechigunwe chipfupi chapurezidhendi mugadziri weSangano Guru, mugadziri wokusimudza ruoko rworudyi, uye kumira pamberi pe "Naizvozvo Mwari" — vanonyorwa navanyori vemashoko navakuru vakuru vekurukurirano. Vanoumba mashoko okuchinja anotangira mhiko uye vanova nechokwadi kuti mutongi anoziva chaizvoizvo apo achatanga kutaura. Mukuhwirudzura, ava vagadziri vanofamba munhevedzano yose, kubatanidza zvinhu zvisiri zvamagariro: kutarisana, kukwirira kweziso, uye nzvimbo yoruboshwe pamusoro peBhaibheri. Vamwe vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakato vakato vama vakatoita pamberi pechioni kuti vawane chimiro chomuviri chakakwana.

Masangano Okuchengeteka Nemasangano Anokosha

Dare reIndaneti rePamberi, Capitol Police, uye Joint Task Force- National Communist zvose zvinobatsira kuti kuchengeteka kwemhiko yacho kuvepo. Kugadziriswa kunosanganisira mamiriro okudzivirira anotevedzerwa — kubvira pakunonoka kwemamiriro okunze kusvikira kunyonganiswa kwemapoka — kuva nechokwadi chokuti mhiko yacho inogona kupiwa zvakakotsekana kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi. Basa reSweki Rinoyera rinojekeserawo nzira ichafamba, nzvimbo chaiyo inoiswa chidzitiro chepfurapfura, uye kuiswa kwegudzanzwi kuvimbisa kuti terevhizheni inotepfekerwa.

Kuongorora Nhano Nenhano

Kugadzirira mhiko chaikoiko muitiro wakarongeka, unorongwa. Apo vanhu vanoona bedzi chiito chokupedzisira, matanho anotevera anoitika seri kwamasuo akavharwa:

Danho 1: Kusimbiswa Kworugwaro Rwepamutemo

Mavhiki pamberi pomutambo, magweta anotora mashoko epamutemo muRaibhurari yeCongress oaenzanisa neshanduro yakadhindwa mutsauriro dzakapfuura. Kusiyana kupi nokupi — kwakadai sokubviswa kwekoma kana kuti kushandiswa kwe "chipfeko" panzvimbo pe"chishongo — kunoiswa uye kunopedzwa. Boka rokuchinja rinozobudisa runyoro rumwe, rwokupedzisira runoiswa muchereso yapurezidhendi weSarudzo pazuva.

Danho 2: Kudzokorora

Anenge mavhiki maviri pamberi peZuva rokuManyika, miitiro yeSangano yokudzokorora mhiko zvinonzwika mugadziriro yapachivande — kazhinji kazhinji kacho kamuri duku remusangano mudzimbahwe rokuchinja kana kuti nzvimbo yokugara youtevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Vanoperekedzwa nomutungamiriri mukuru wenhau nomugadziri wevhidhiyo anonyora rusando kuti vagogona kuhwirudzura chimiro nokudzokorora. Mutongi anodzokorora mhiko yacho kuvambira pakashanu kusvikira kumakumi maviri kusvikira mashoko anzwika kuva anongoitika. Vamwe vapurezidhendi vanoshandisa noMutongi Mukuru chaiye uyo achapa mhiko; vamwe vanoshandisa chimiro kuti vaonezve chimiro nokudzoresa ruramisiro Huru.

Nhano 3: Kufamba Kwakazara

Mukati mevhiki rokutsaurirwa, purofesa naMutongi Mukuru vanotora rutivi mukufamba kwakazara kuWest Front yeCapitol (kana kuti panzvimbo yakasiana kana mugariro wokunze uri chinhu). Uku kuhwirudzura kwakafanana nechinoitika chipenyu: mwenje mumwe cheteyo, mwero yemichina imwe cheteyo, nguva imwe cheteyo. Chirevo Chikuru chinorava mhiko yacho sezvaichapiwa, uye mutongi anoidzokorora noruoko. Mitezo yeStaff inomira muva vafundisi, uye gadziriro inovanda inoedzwa kana mamiriro ezvinhu akakundikana. Iyi inoumbwa nenzira ino udzame kwazvo zvokuti kunyange kuiswa kwemitezo yemhuri yapurezidhendi padais kunodzokororwa.

Nhano 4: Yamangwanani Anobata

PaZuva rokufemesesa, purofesa anosarudza rudungwe rwemhiko nguva yokupedzisira — kazhinji kazhinji mukati mechisvusvuro — uye anoita kunzwika kupfupi neboka ravo rekurukurirano. Mutezo weSecret Service unosimbisa kuti Bhaibheri (kana kuti rugwaro rwakasiana) riri munzvimbo yakarurama padais. Chiratidzo chikuru nemutongi anogoverana kubatana kwoga uye kusimbisa nguva. Ipapo, apo makamera anotsengwa, chiito chinodzokororwa chinopfuudzwa chinopfuudzira.

Gadziriro Dzorunako: Apo Muhara Unotadza

Pasinei zvapo nokugadzirira kwokungwarira, zvinhu zvinogona kuve zvakashata, uye zvakatoipa. Chinoitika chakakurumbira zvikurusa chenguva pfupi yapfuura chakaitika paitsauriro ya2009, apo Mutongi Mukuru John Roberts akarangarira zvisina kururama mhiko yacho, asingazivi achiwedzera kuti "Tsarurai" pashure pe "Kushanda" panzvimbo pepamberi. Obama yakamisa, ipapo yakadzokorora mashoko asina kurongwa zvakanaka. Kudzivisa kupanikira pamutemo kupi nokupi nokupi kwapamutemo kwakaitika, Mutongi mukuru John Paul Stevens akapa mhiko yacho zvakarurama muchinoitika chechivande cheVhite House zuva rinotevera. Ichi chinoitika chakatungamirira kuchinjo yechigarire: zvino chinobatanidza kuhwirudzuraniswa neChisarudzo chaShe Chikuru — chinowanzova Dare guru rakarega basa — anomira kupikazve kana kudikanwa.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoda kukurumidza kuitika zvinosanganisira:

  • Kunonoka kwechitsama: Kana kutonhora kukuru, mvura, kana kuti sinou zvichisunda mutambo mumba, kuhwirudzura kwose kunotevedzerwa nokuda kwenzvimbo yakasiana (mutoo, Capitol Rotunda). Kutsaurirwa kwa 2021 kwakashandisa mutambo wakaderedzwa wapasi kunze asi kwakadzidzira shanduro yomumba.
  • Nhamo yemigariro yapakarepo: Basa rakavanzika rine miganhu yechinoitika chekurapa mukati memhiko. chiremba anomiswa pakati pamamita 30 edais, uye mhiko inogona kumiswa kana kuti kupfupikiswa kana kuri madikanwa — kunyange zvazvo bedzi mutongi achiziva uye anokwanisa kupindura.
  • Kundikano yemapikicha: Microphone inopetwa kaviri (ine tambo imwe, imwe nyumoni), uye zvokudya zvenzwi zvinodzorwa negadziriro mbiri dzakaparadzana. Kana zvokudya zvikuru zvichikundikana, mafashoni okudzivirira mukati mehafu yechipiri. Kopidhi yokutsikirira inoiswawo mukati mesutu yegaba remutongi — tsika yekare inobetsera kana matelempter akundikana.

Basa reBhaibheri Nezvirungamutauro Zvokufananidzira

Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo risingadi kushandiswa kweBhaibheri — mapurezidhendi angashandisa bhuku ripi neripi kana kuti kungosimudza ruoko rwavo bedzi — vazhinjisa vanosarudza Bhaibheri rine revo yomunhu oga kana kuti yenhau. Boka rokugadzirira rinoshanda nemhuri yapurezidhendi kusarudza vhoriyamu, kazhinji kazhinji mwedzi inoverengeka pachine nguva mberi. Bhaibheri rinofanira kuongororwa nokuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu; mapeji dzimwe nguva anogadziridzwa kana kuti anosimbiswa kudzivisa kukwezvwa mukati memutambo. Kuiswa kwaro padais kunogadziridzwa kukuva nechokwadi chokuti rinogara paukwiriri hwakarurama neero yoruboshwe rwapurezidhendi.

Mumakore achangopfuura, vamwe purezidhendi vakashandisa maBhaibheri akawanda — somuenzaniso, vachishandisa rimwe raAbraham Lincoln parutivi pemhuri.Muchiitiko ichocho, chikwata chinodzidzira kubata mabhuku maviri panguva imwe chete, chichivimbisa kuti anenge akarongedzwa zvakanaka uye kuti ruoko rwapurezidhendi runenge rwakamira pamwe chete. JCCIC inobatanawo neraibhurari yeCongress kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti maBhaibheri enhau aoma anobatwa nemaglove machena uye anoiswa patsigiro.

Kugadzirwa Kwemafirimu Kwemazuva Ano: Mateleepromet Nemasero

Kunyange zvazvo mhiko iri mashoko 35 bedzi, mapurezidhendi kazhinji kazhinji anokarirwa kuiendesa pasina teleprompter — nguva inorangarirwa kuva yakavanzika zvikuru netsvene nokuda kwemiyamuro yemichina. Zvisinei, seri kwezviono, makadhi akagadzirwa seyaishandiswa. Mashoko anodhindwa muruvara rukuru, rwakajeka papepa rinoiswa paruwara rwekamera nenhengo yemutengi. Mushandi uyu anoyeudzirwa kumira padivi rakati kuti adzivise chiso chapurezidhendi. Muwezve, mahwiro enzeverevedzero anoshandiswa dzimwe nguva kutumira nhamba kubva kuna maneja wedangwe, asi haawanzoitwa mukati mepinduro amene kuti adzivise zvinotsausa kuona.

Kutsaurirwa kwe2021, chikwata chacho chakatanga chiedza cheLDcue chakaiswa mudais chairatidza nguva chaiyo yokuti purezidhendi atange kutaura.

Kutsigirana Neruramisiro Huru

Chinhu chechienzi chokugadzirira mhiko kuhwirudzura neChiratidzo chikuru cheUnited States — kana kuti, kana Ruramisiro huru isingawaniki, ruramisiro hurusa. Ruramisiro huru nenzira yamagamuchidzanwa inoita mhiko, asi batano yacho haisati iri yomuzvarirwo. Zviviri zvinoshandisa kudana uye kuyera: Mutongi Mukuru anorava mashoko mamwe namamwe, uye purezidhendi anoadzokorora. Nguva yokumira pakati pemashoko inopfavisa kudzivirira purezidhendi kuti asatapurirane kana kuti asakurumidza kutaura.

Pamutambo wa2009, Roberts naObama vakanga vabvumirana pamutinhimira, asi paterevhizheni ichiripo, Roberts akaisa shoko rokuwedzera. Kubvira ipapo, kutevedzera kunosanganisira kusimbisa rugwaro chairwo, kusanganisira kuongorora kuti "ndibatsirei Mwari" (izvo vamwe purezidhendi vanosarudza kuwedzera uye kusiya). Boka reMutongi Mukuru rinogadzirawo kadhi rekutsigira pachishandiswa rugwaro rwokutsikirira kana Mutongi Mukuru achida kukurumidza. Kadhi iri rinowanzoiswa mukati mejasi reMutongi Mukuru.

Chiteshi Chenyika: Broadcasting uye Nguva

Chipikirwa chinoparadzirwa chinoshanda munyika yose, uye boka rokugadzirira rinoshanda zvikuru nechiteshi chenhau kuvimbisa nzvimbo yekamera, chiedza, uye kutinhira zvakakwana. White House Communications Agency inoidza kupiwa zvokudya kakawanda, uye kuhwirudzura kunonyorwa kuchishandisa midziyo mimwe cheteyo ichashandiswa pazuva. Maneja wechiteji anotarira wachi yapaza pasi inoiswa parudungwe rwemawachi yeJCIC, inodzokororwa kusvikira kuwechipiri. Kana mhiko yacho yakarongwa nokuda kwe 12:00 PM ET, kugadzirira kuri kwose kunotanga panguva chaiyo iyoyo kuwirira nguva yezvirongwa zvemiviri.

Zvatinodzidza Munhoroondo: Kugadzirira Kunoyevedza uye Misha

Vanotarisira zvinhu vose vanodzidza kubva pane zvakaitika kare, uye bhuku rokutambisa rinochinja richibva kumativi ose.

  • George Washington (17789): Mhiko yokutanga yakanga isina kuhwirudzura; Washington yakawedzera nenzira yomuzvarirwo "Naizvozvo ndibetserei Mwari" ndokukotamira kuboka. Ikoku kwakapesvedzera purezidhendi apashure kurangarira kutapura kwomunhu oga — asiwo kwakasimbisa dikanwo yokuwirirana kwakanyorwa.
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt (1945): Kutsaurirwa kwechina kwakaitwa paWhite House portic nemhaka yeganhuriro dzehondo. Kuhwirudzura kwakanga kuri kuduku, uye Roosevelt, yairatidzika kuva inorwara, yaipa mhiko yacho panzvimbo yakagara. Pashure pacho, mitemo yakasimbiswa yeJCCIC codic yokugadziridza mhiko kunzvimbo nemigariro yomuviri yakasiana.
  • LINTON B. Johnson (1963): Shown muMuchairi Wendege Rokutanga pashure pokuurawa kwaJFK, Johnson akashandisa kupotsa kweKaturike panzvimbo peBhaibheri. Uyu mutambo usingadzorwi wakasimbisa kudikanwa kwegadziriro muchinoitika chechinjo yakamwe kamwe — kuchitungamirira kumuitiro wazvino uno wokuchengeta kopi yakanyorwa yemhiko yapurezidhendi muLimouscine panguva dzose.
  • Druld Trump (2017): Trump yakasarudza kushandisa maBhaibheri maviri (rimwe kubva pauduku hwake uye rimwe rakashandiswa naLincoln). Boka raidzidzira kuzvitutira nokuvimbisa urefu hwakabatanidzwa. Trump yakapesanawo netsika kupfurikidza nokutarisana neboka uye kusimudza ruoko rwake pamusoro pakakwirira kupfuura nhevedzano — gadziridzo dzakaitwa mukati mekuhwirudzura.
  • Joe Biden (2021): Murakatira unodikanwa kupfeka machira okuvhara kumeso uye kumira munzanga mukati mekuhwirudzura. Boka raishandisa zvigaro zvechigadziko chikuru uye raishandisa zvipfeko zvitatu zvakakwana, kubatanidza chimwe chine zvokudya zvokunyepedzera kuti riedze gadziriro dzokuchengetera.

Mugumisiro: Chirango Chisingaoneki Chiri Mugumisiro Womufaro

Mhiko yapurezidhendi inooneka kuvanhu sechiito chechipiri, chinozviitikira chokuvimbika kwebumbiro remitemo. Chaizvoizvo, ndiwo mugumo wamazana amaawa okuona pamutemo, kuhwirudzura kwomuviri, kuongorora kwounyanzvi, uye kugadzirira kwemirangariro. Boka riri seri kwezviono zvacho — kubva kumagweta anopedza mavhiki achipfuudza mashoko chaiwoiwo kuvakuru vakuru vanodzidzira kudzivirira kwekurumidziro — rinoshanda nenharidzano imwe yakagoveranwa: kuti mhiko yacho inopfuura pasina chinoitika, ichibvumira kuchinjwa kune rugare kwesimba kuti ienderere mberi nechiremera nechivimbo.

Nguva inotevera paunotarira mutungamiriri akagadzwa panzvimbo yakakwirira zvikuru yevhu renyika uye kudzokorora mhiko, yeuka zvikamu zvisingaoneki zvebasa zvakaita kuti nguva iyoyo ibvire. Bumbiro reMitemo ringaraira mashoko, asi igadziriro yokungwarira, yakanyarara inovimbisa kuti anopiwa sezvaakarongwa — kusungira mutungamiriri mutsva kumutemo wakakwirira wenyika uye kuvimba navanhu veAmerica. Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira nhau yakazara yemitemo, zvinyorwa zveNational Archives[[ inogovera rugwaro rwapakuvamba, nepo [[FLT:]] FF] FF [F]