Kuvhota kwachinja kubva munzvimbo yemhiri kwamakungwa navashandi vehondo kuenda mutoo mukuru wokukanda mabhora muUnited States nemimwe mibatanidzwa yamadomu. Kukura kwazvo kunokurumidza kwakapiwa neCHOVAD yakadzorwa nedenda re19 yakaunza ngwariro yakamutsidzirwa kukushanda kwemashandiro egadziriro idzi, nzira yadzinodzivirira nayo kuvhota, uye nzira yavanochengeta nayo perero yokuvhota. Kunzwisisa vagadziri vetsamba mukuvhota kunokosha nokuda kwavakuru vakuru vakuru vebasa, vagadziri vemitemo, uye vavhoti. Nyaya ino inogovera kunzvera kwakakwana udzame, mativi okuwana, chengeteko, zvishandiro zvokugadzirwa, zvishandiso zvokugadzira zvinhu, uye zvinetso zvinoramba zvichiumba kuvhotambira nhasi.

Mapinduriro anoita mabasa etsamba: Mugumisiro Kumugumo

Kuvhota mutsamba, kunowanzonongedzerwa kukuvhota kwokusaenda, kunotevera nhevedzano yakarongwa yamatanho akarongedzerwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti muvhoti ari wose akakodzera anogona kukanda bhisikiti nenzira yakakotsekana uye kuti bhangi riri rose rinoverengwa zvakarurama. Nepo miitiro yakananga inosiana kupfurikidza nokudzora, basa guru rinoramba richitsinhirana mumiitiro mizhinjisa.

Kukumbira Bharati

Muitiro unovamba apo muvhoti anokumbira muvhoti weposi. Ikoku kunogona kutoitwa paIndaneti kupfurikidza nenzvimbo yevhoti kana kuti dare resarudzo, kupfurikidza neposi ine sundo yakatsikirirwa, kana kuti munhu pahofisi yasarudzo. Mamwe masangano anongotumira mavhotasi ose akanyoreswa kuvhota (semuColorado, Oregon, Utah, uye mamwe), achibvisa nhano yokukumbira. Vaya vanofanira kukumbira, vakuru vakuru veSarudzo vanoyera mugariro wokunyoresa, kero, uye vanokwanisa kuvhotera pamberi pokutora bhorati.

Kugadzirwa Kwebharati Nokurerwa

Kana yasimbiswa, hofisi yesarudzo inonyora hofisi yakasiana inogadzirirwa nzvimbo yomuvhoti. Iyi block inoiswa mumvuropu yakavanzika yomukati (kana kuti “chikwereti chetsono”) uye ipapo muhamvuropu yokunze iyo inobatanidza zita romuvhoti, kero, uye kazhinji kazhinji chinyorwa chemirayiridzo yokunyora. Pakitera inewo mirayiridzo, mavhiropu okudzosera ane posi inobhadharwa napasati aparirwa nzvimbo munzvimbo dzakawanda, uye pane dzimwe nguva chimiro chokuvhotera. Vallots vanotumirwa kukeroota kukerosi yakanyoreswa kutoti kuti chikumbiro chaicho chekero chakasiana chinotenderwa (g., nokuda kwavadzidzi kana kuti vagari vemakororwi).

Kutsvaka Bharuti

Pashure pokugamuchira bhavhoti, muvhoti anofanira kuratidzira zvisarudzo zvavo mukuwirirana nemirayiridzo, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nokuzadza mavhota kana kuti miseve inobatana. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira vavhoti kushandisa ruzivo rwokubatsira kana kuti kugamuchira betsero kumunhu wechisarudzo chavo (neganhuriro dzakati). Chivhoti chapedzwa chinoiswa mukati memvuropu yakavanzika kudzivirira kuva voga, uye mvuro yacho inoiswa mukati mehamvuropu yedzokerero. Muvhoti anoisa chiratidzo chemvuropo yokudzoka .

Kudzorera Bharuti

Voter vane zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka zvokudzorera zvirongwa zvavo: kupfurikidza nebasa repositi repositisro (kazhinji kazhinji nepositi inobhadharwa yapashure), kupfurikidza nokuiisa mubhokisi revhu revhoti rehurumende, kana kuti kupfurikidza nokuiendesa mumunhu kuhofisi yesarudzo kana kuti nzvimbo yokuvhotera yapakuvamba yakasarudzwa. Nhevedzano dzokudzokera dzinodzoka dzakasimba; mabhora anofanira kuiswa papepa neEcomment Day munyika dzakawanda kana kuti kugamuchirwa navakuru vakuru vesarudzo vasati vapedza kuvhota vamwe. Kurasa mabhokisi kunogovera kuchengetedzwa kwakakotseka kunoparira kuti kunonoka kunonoka kweposi kunotedzerwa ndokubvumira vavhotera kusimbisa kuti vasarutsi vavo vaiswe zvakakotseke zvakakotseka.

Kuwana Nokuzvidzosera Mabharaki

Vakuru vakuru veSarudzo vanounganidza mavhota anodzoserwa ndokuvamba mutoo wekujeka wakawanda. Chokutanga, vanonzvera siginicha pahamvuropu inodzorwa pasiginicha yomuvhoti panzvimbo inonyorwa mafaira. Chisaini chinoitwa nevashandi vesarudzo vakarovedzwa avo vanotsvaka kusaina mumavara manyoro, kuumbwa kwetsamba, uye vamwe vazivi. Kana siginicha yacho inogamuchirwa uye inogadzirirwa kuverenga. Kana paine utsi, muvhoti anowanwa ku "Veka" nhau yacho yagara ichipiwa neaffidat kana kuti kugovera kusayina kunyora mapepa mapepa.

Kana rangosimbiswa, hamvuropu yakavanzwa ine bhorati inoparadzaniswa nemvuropu yokunze kuti ichengetedze kuva yoga. Roti ipapo inoenda kunzvimbo inochengetedzwa, kupfurikidza nokunzvera panzvimbo iri pakati kana kuti zvimwe kupfurikidza nokuverenga maoko. Pakupedzisira, mahwendefa epashure pomunhevedzo (kubatanidza mabhajeti ane muganhu wengozi) inoita kuti muchina uvake mapepa, ichigovera ruvara runokosha rwechengeteko nokujeka.

Kubatsira Vari Kugadzira Michina Yose Kuti Vawane

Chimwe chezvibvumikiso zvakasimba zvikurusa zvinotsigira kuvhota mutsamba ibviro yako yokubvisa mhinganidzo dzinodzivisa vaAmerica vazhinji kuvhota panzvimbo dzegamuchidzanwa. Uwanduro hahusati huchingova bedzi pamusoro peurema hwomuviri; hunobatanidzawo mutauro, kufamba, daro, rudungwe rwebasa, uye mitoro yokutarisira.

Nzvimbo Dzinogara Vane Mazai Ane Urema

Mitemo yematunhu yakadai se Inobatsira America Vote Act (VAVA) ne Americans dzine chiTramisito cheUrema (ADA) inoda kuti mutoo wose wokuvhota usvike kuvanhu vane urema. Kana kuri kuvhota, uku kunoreva kugovera zvisarudzo zvakadai:

  • Kupiwa kwemabhora nokuratidzira: Majere ane urema hwemaziso kana kuti denho dzamaoko anogona kugamuchira roti rawo sePD, anoicherekedza ichishandisa purogiramu yescreentif kana kuti midziyo yemagetsi inobetsera, uye ipapo kutsikirira nokusaina bhorati. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira bhora rapedzwa kudzorerwa pakombiyuta (chiwinovha chakakotseka) sechinotsiva chinowanika.
  • Kupesana kunobva kumunhu wechisarudzo chavo [: Majekiseni angava nomutezo wemhuri, shamwari, kana kuti mutarisiri anovabetsera kurava nokuisa chiratidzo chevhoti, chero munhu iyeyo asingadzoreri zvisina kufanira zvisarudzo zvomuvhoti.
  • Chinyorwa chaChoko, brallle, uye mabhora ezvitakuri : Mativi mazhinji anopa mafomu okutsiva paanenge akumbirwa.
  • Misi inononokerwa: Dzimwe nyika dzinopa vavhoti vane urema hwakawedzerwa nguva yokudzorera tsamba dzavo muchikamu chokutumira kuti zvigoda kudzorwa zvishoma kana kuti kudikanwa kwebetsero.

Kuwanika mumutauro

Pasi peChikamu 203 cheVoting Rights Act, miganhu ine vagari vemo vanotaura chiNgezi vanofanira kugovera zvivhota zvemitauro miviri nemirayiridzo yokuvhota. Zvinhu zvokuvhota nazvo zvinoshandurirwa muSpanish, chiChina, chiVietnamese, chiKorea, chiTagalog, uye mimwe mitauro. Mahofisi eEcostation anowanzobatanidza mirayiridzo yakashandurwa mubhegi rebholoti uye anopa rubatsiro rwemitauro miviri.

Michina Yehondo Neyepamusoro Pegungwa

.Vagari vemo vanobva kune imwe nyika vanotarisana nedenho dzechienzi, zvakadai sokupa tsamba nemisiano yenguva zvisingadeyi kuonekwa. Kutaura nezvayo, mativi mazhinji anopa kupfuudzwa kwemibato yehondo isina kunyorwa uye kudzorwa. Dzimwe nyika zvino dzinobvumira UOCAVA purofiti kudzokera neposi. Vavhoti vanotarisana nedenho dzechienzi, dzakadai sokupfuudzwa kwetsamba kwapanguva isingafanoonekwi. Kutaura nezvayo, mativi mazhinji emagetsi anopa kupfuudzwa kwemibato yebhorati nedzoresa dzinodzoserwa. Dzimwe nyika zvino dzinobvumira UOCAVA purote kuti dzidzoke mapepa etsamba kana kuti echipokisi, kunyange zvazvo chengeteko dzinoramba dzichikurukurwa kukurukurwa.

Kubvisa Zvekufambisa uye Zvipingamupinyi

Vavhoti vasingagoni kutora nguva kubasa, kushaiwa zvokufambisa zvakavimbika, kana kuti kugara kure nenzvimbo yokuvhota (zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa), kuvhota netsamba kunobvisa dikanwo yokufamba. Kunoderedzawo nguva dzokumirira uye kuratidzirwa kumitsetse mirefu (inobetsera nokuda kwavakuru, vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingaperi, uye vabereki vana vaduku. Kuvhota matsamba kunobetserawo vanhu vanotama kazhinji kazhinji kana kuti vanenge vari kure kwenguva pfupi kubva pamba, zvakadai savadzidzi vekoreji kana kuti vashandi vemwaka.

Matanho Okuchengeteka: Kuchengetedza Kutsiga Kwokupa Tsamba

Vatsoropodzi vokuvhota netsamba vanowanzotaura nezvezvinhu zvinonetsa pamusoro pokubiridzira, asi vakuru vakuru vesarudzo vanoshandisa matanho okuchengetedza akawanda anopfuudzwa anoita kuti kubiridzira kuve kwakaoma zvikuru. Nhano imwe neimwe (kubva pakugadzirwa kwetsamba kusvika pakutemwa kwetsamba) yokungwarira kukanganisa, kunyepedzera, uye kukanganisa.

Kujekeswa Kwemashoko Nechiratidzo

Chisaini uchokwadi mutoo unozivikanwa zvikurusa wokusimbisa nawo siginicha yomuvhoti. Apo muvhoti anonyoresa, vanoisa siginicha (kazhinji kazhinji pafomu rekunyoresa pepa kana kuti paDMV). Pavanodzosa tsamba mubhorati, vanofanira kusaina hamvuropu yokunze. Vatongi vakarovedzwa vanofanira kuenzanisa kusaina kuviri. Kutarira nokuda kwesigini, dzvinyiriro, tsamba, uye mamwe mavara okunyora. Kana kusaina kuchipanikiridzwa, muvhotera anopiwa mukana wokusimbisa chiziviso chavo pamberi pokuramba.

Zvipfuva Zvakakotsekana Zvebharuti Nekokero Youbereki

Maemvuropu etsamba akagadzirwa kuti ave echerekedzo. Anowanzobatanidza zviratidziro zvemvura, zvisimbiso zvokudzivirira, kana kuti mabhaudi anotapa mabhii anotakurika paanofamba nomugadziriro. Vakuru vakuru vemitemo vanochengeta nhevedzano yakatsiga yekodzero yokuchengeta: munhu ari wose anobata maemvuropu ebhorati anotemwa, uye mabhorati anochengetwa akavharwa, makamuri akakomberedzwa ane pokupinda. Kurasa mabhokisi anodzorwa nekachidziro chechengeteko nezvinodzima moto uye zvinovhara mvura, uye anotengwa nguva dzose nezvikwata zvebipartis.

Gadziriro Dzokuongorora Mabharuti

Zvikamu zvizhinji zvinopa mavhoti apa paIndaneti mapepa anobvumira vavhoti kuona mugariro weposi ravo mubhorati(kubva ku "balot post" kusvika ku "balot yagamuchirwa" ku "balot ". Kurodha kunogovera kujeka uye kunobetsera vavhoti kuziva kana browcot yavo yakarasika kana kuti kana mumwe munhuwo zvake ari kuedza kudzosa bharobhu muzita ravo. Inoitawo kuti vakuru vakuru vesarudzo vagone kuronga mutengo uye vabudire nokukurumidza kushaiwa mabhoroti.

Mitemo yePurofiti yePuroteji yePuroteji uye Mitemo yeNjodzi

Pashure pekuvhota, chikamu chetsamba dzinoongororwa kuongorora kuti zvii zvinowirirana nezvinyorwa zvepepa. Kuongorora kwengozi (RLS) kunogamuchirwazve nemhaka yokuti zvinogovera mutoo wakakomba wokusimbisa nawo mugumisiro wesarudzo pasina kunyora bhii rimwe nerimwe. MuRLA, muenzaniso wakangofanana wevhoti unonyorwa, uye kana migumisiro yacho ikabatana nomugumisiro unoshumwa, kumira; zvimwe, mabhorati akawanda anoverengwa kusvikira muganhu wengozi wasangana.

Dziviriro Dzinodzivisa

Kuti vaderedze ngozi yokuvhota kwokunyengera, vakuru vakuru vesarudzo vanoshandisa kunzvera kwakawanda:

  • Vhota yokuchengeta murongedzo: Vavhoti vakafa, kopidhirodha, uye kero dzezuva dzinobuda dzinobviswa nguva dzose mumarobhoti.
  • BHANI pakucheka mazambuko [: Nyika zhinji dzinoganhurira kuti ndiani anogona kuunganidza ndokudzorera matsamba mubhora nokuda kwomumwe muvhoti (mitemo yapamusha inosiana zvikuru).
  • Chisaini chakarapa: Kana siginicha isingawirirani, muvhoti anopiwa banza rokusimbisa kuzivikanwa kwavo kupfurikidza nokugovera chibvumikiso chezivikanwo kana kuti siginicha itsva.
  • [[[NHAU]] Zvirango zvoutsotsi[: Kunyengera kwokuvhota muchiziva hako (kwakadai sokuvhota kaviri kana kuti kuisa siginicha yomumwe munhu) itsoropodzo ine zvirango zvakakomba.

Basa Rezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Matsamba

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runowedzera zvose zviri zviviri kuwanikwa nokuchengeteka kwokuvhota tsamba, asi runotangawo ngozi itsva dzinoda kutarisirwa nokungwarira. Vakuru vakuru vemichina yokusarudza vanofanira kudzikamisa kunaka nokuperera, uye vanotsamira pamusanganiswa wegadziriro dzekare nedzavatsva kuti vaite basa racho.

Kutakura Mabharuti Nekudhirowa Zvishandiso Zvemagetsi

Zvikamu zvakawanda zvinopa masuo paIndaneti apo vavhoti vane urema(kana vavhoti vose mune dzimwe nzvimbo) vanogona kudhaunirodha marobhoti avo, kuanyora pakombiyuta kana kuti paserura, uye vozodhinda roti yakaiswa chiratidzo kuti idzoke. Masangano aya anoshandisa kunyorwa kwemashoko kudzivirira bhorati neshanduro yakanyorwa. Dzimwe nzira dzinobvumira vavhoti kushandisa ruzivo rwavo rwokubatsira (zvakadai sokuverenga terevhizheni kana kuti mashoko) kugadzira mwero wokuridza vanhu vakaremara.

Kuedza Kufamba Nemotokari uye Kubudisa Manzwi PaIndaneti

Kutsvaka kuvhota kwakawanda kwakadzokororwa, zvikurukuru nokuda kwavavhoti vehondo navakumhiri kwamakungwa. Aya maapp anowanzobvumira muvhoti kunyora ndokudzorera kombiyuta, kazhinji kazhinji achishandisa kusimbisa kunyorwa kwemashoko uye biometric. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzechengeteko dzakamutsa funganyo dzakakomba pamusoro pemipimo yemotokari nemhaka yengozi dzinobva kumichina yehondo, michina yekombiyuta, uye mibatanidzwa yezvisakiso zvehurumende. Somuuyo, mativi mashomanene zvikuru akagamuchira kudzoka kwakazara kwemagetsi nokuda kwavagari vemo vose; mapepa anotambira anoramba ari mupimo wendarama nokuda kweivo.

Zvikarakadzo Zvezvinhu Zvisingashandisi Mamirire Ezvinhu

Vamwe vatsigiri vanorumbidza kushandisa ruzivo rwokuvhota kuti vagadzirise mutungamiriri wemavhota asingapindiri. Murondedzero, vakwani vangagona kugovera kujeka nokuongorora pasina kuvimba nechiremera chikuru. Zviito, gadziriro dzokuvhota dzinoiswa pamitemo inotarisana nezvinetso zvinokosha: kuva voga, kusatsarukana, uye kudikanwa kwokubatana kwemakombiyuta kwakavimbika nokuda kwomuvhoti ari wose. Nyanzvi zhinji dzeIndaneti dzinonyevera kuti brecultchain hadzisati dzakura zvakakwana nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvakapararira, uye mapepa anovhota anoramba ari mutoo wakachengeteka zvikuru uye unodzokororwa.

Mabharokodhi, Mavhodhiyo eQR, uye Mabhallet Anoraviwa

Mavhoti azvino uno anowanzobatanidza mabharani kana kuti macode e QR ane mashoko enzvimbo nemhiko. Mabudi aya anobetsera kuronga michina nokukurumidza uye zvakarurama. Nepo chikamu chinonyorwa nomunhu cheroti chinoramba chiri vhoti yapamutemo, mabhaudhi anobvumira kunzvera nokukurumidza uye kuderedza kuverengwa kwamaoko. Zvisinei, vavhooti vanofanira kungwarira kusaisa chiratidzo panzvimbo yebharade, sezvakunogona kudzongonyedza kudzosera kuvhotera.

Matambudziko uye Kufunga Nezveramangwana

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzahwo dzakawanda, kuvhota netsamba kunotarisana nedenho dzinopfuurira idzo vakuru vakuru vasarudzo vanofanira kutaura nadzo kuti vachengete chivimbo nokubudirira.

Dzidzo Yezvikepe Nemubato

Vavhoti vakawanda (hwunongedzero yokutanga muvhoti dzetsamba, vakura, uye vakurukuri veEngland vasino mitauro yeChirungu) vangasanzwisisa zvizere muitiro wacho. Kukanganisa kunowanzobatanidza kukanganwa kusaina hamvuropu, kushandisa hamvuropu isina kururama, kana kuti nguva dzinoshayikwa. Kubudirira kubudisa mutsamba, zvinobudisa nhau, zviziviso zvebasa ravose, uye masangano omunzanga anokosha. Mahofisi okuvhotera anoisa mirayiridzo yakajeka zvikuru, asi kuvhiringidzika kunoramba kuri chisakiso chikuru chokurambwa kwebhora.

Kudzorwa Kwebasa Rakapera

Kunonotswa kwetsamba iitiro hanya isingaperi, zvikurukuru muzvinhu umo mabhora anofanira kugamuchirwa neZuva reNzvimbo yokusarudza (panzvimbo pekunyorwa papasipo pazuva iroro). Chinjo mumitemo yeposvo, kudzongonyedzwa, uye zviverengero zvevhoriyamu zvinogona kuparira mabhora kusvika pakunonoka. Voters inokurudzirwa kudzosa mabhora nokukurumidza, kushandisa mabhokisi okuisa, kana kuti kuatumira mumaoko kuhofisi dzesarudzo kuti dzidzivise iyi ngozi. Dzimwe nyika dzakatamira nenzira inobudirira ku "kudzosa kupfurikidza" mirano yapamberidzo kudzosa mutoro pagadziriro yeposi.

Kusazivisa uye Kusaziva

Kuvhota kwazova chipfuro chenhimbe dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Kutaura kwenhema pamusoro pokupararira kwenyengedzo, kuparadza kwetsotsi, kana kuti gadziriro dzakashata dzinogona kubvisa chivimbo chavanhu. Vakuru vakuru vemivhoti vanovhota vanoramba ikoku kupfurikidza nokubudisa mashoko anojeka pamavhoti akarambwa, kuitisa vose kuedza midziyo yokuisa chiratidzo chezvinhu, uye kushanda namasangano anonzvera maidi kubvisa ngano. Masangano enhau enzanga anoitawo rutivi mukuderera kwezviri mukati.

Zvinetso Zvepamutemo Nemitemo Inochinja

Mitemo yokuvhota yakaiswa mumirau mikuru mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, matare achiyera miganhu, zvinodikanwa, miitiro yokurapa, uye kurasa bhokisi. Mitemo yakarongwa yehurumende inokuita kuti kuve kwakaoma nokuda kwavose vari vaviri vavhoti navasarudzo kuti varambe varipo. Kusatendeseka nokujeka mumutemo kunotsoropodza gadziriro yakavimbika. Vakuru vakuru vedare vanofanira kugadzirira kukurumidza kuchinja miitiro iri pakati pesarudzo.

Mutengo Nenzvimbo Yemanyuko

Kushandisa gadziriro yakasimba yokuvhota inoda kuisa musengwa wetsamba inokosha: kutsikirira nepositi, mahamvuropu akachengeteka, kutumira mashoko ekombiyuta, kusaina universi hwesimbi, vashandi vebasa rekugadzira bharati, uye dzidzo yavose. Nepo kuvhota posi kuchigona kuderedza kudikanwa kwenhamba huru yavashandi vevhota uye nzvimbo dzokuvhota, varatori vanokarakadza kuti kuvhota kwese pose pose kungava chaizvoizvo kunowedzera ndyiko dzesero, panenge pakutanga. Hurumende nemari yehurumende nokuda kwezvirongwa zvesarudzo yaverwa yave isingawirirani, zvichisiya zviverengero zvizhinji kuti zvitakure mutoro.

Mugumisiro: Kudzikamisa Zvinhu Zvakarurama

Kuvhota tsamba hausi muitiro wakakwana, asi apo kunoitwa nokungwarira, kunopa nzira inosvikika zvikuru, yakachengeteka, uye inosimbiswa yokuti vagari vemo vashandise nayo maruramiro avo okuvhota. Makambani okukumbira, uchokwadi, kuoneka, kunyora, kudzosa, uye kuongorora kuvamba muitiro unoshivirira pazvose zviri zviviri zvinodzivisa miganhu yomusikirwo nedenho dzakashata. Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runochinja nokuchinja kwavagari vemo, vakuru vakuru vesarudzo vachapfuurira kuchenesa kuvhota kuti vasvitse zvinodikanwa zvomuvhoti ari wose akakodzera.

Pakupedzisira, kubudirira kwokuvhota tsamba kunotsamira pakuchengetedza kunoitwa mudare rokusarudza, kurongwa kwemitemo kwakajeka, uye kuvimbwa navanhu kwakasimba. Nokunzwisisa miitiro ine udzame inorondedzerwa munyaya ino, vavhoti navagadziri vemiitiro vanogona kushanda pamwe chete kudzivirira perero yomuitiro wacho vachiwedzera kusvika kuchimwe chezviito zvikuru zvoubati ushe hunosarudzwa navanhu.