Muitiro uyo hurumende dzinosarudza nawo vasarudzi vapurezidhendi unomirira chimwe chemativi akasiyana zvikurusa ehurumende yeAmerica. Nepo vagari vemo vachikanda mapepa avo nokuda kwavanoda kuva purezidhendi makore mana ari ose, ivo chaizvoizvo vavhotera nokuda kwetsamba yavavhoti avo vachasarudza nenzira yapamutemo purezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi kupfurikidza neElectoral College. Iyi gadziriro yokusarudza isina kunanga yakagadzwa, yakagadzwa neBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., inopa chiremera chakati kuti mukusarudza kuti vasarudziri vavo vanosarudzwa sei, vachiumba basa rakaoma remitemo nemiitiro mumativi ose munyika yose.

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo Yokusarudza

Chikamu II, Chikamu 1, Claus 2 cheUnited States Constitution chinoraira nyika imwe neimwe kugadza chiverengero chavavhoti chakaenzana nenhume dzehurumende iyoyo ndokupa simba musangano wehurumende mumwe nomumwe kusarudza mutoo uyo vavhoti vehurumende ivava vanosarudzwa nawo. Iyi gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo inogovera miganhu noungwaru hukuru apo inotanga gadziriro huru yeElectoral College sy.

Electoral College ine 538 vavhoti, uye mavhoti 270 akasarudzwa anodikanwa kuvhota Purezidhendi. Nyika imwe neimwe ine nhamba imwe cheteyo yavavhoti semaonere anoita mitezo yayo muCongregational: rimwe nokuda kweDare rimwe nerimwe muImba yavamiriri uye Vamiririri vaviri. Pasi pe 23 Demende yeConstitution, Divity yeColumbia inogoverwa vasaruri vatatu uye inobatwa seHurumende nokuda kwezvinangwa zveElectoral College.

Vagadziri veBumbiro reMitemo vakagadzira iyi gadziriro seyakati bvumiraniso pakati pesarudzo yakakurumbira nechisarudzo chakaitwa neCongress. Muitiro wokushandisa vavhoti unobva kuBumbiro reMitemo uye wakanga uri kubvumirana pakati pevhoti yakakurumbira yavagari vemo nevhoti muCongress. Iyi gadziriro yakaratidzira funganyo pamusoro peganhuriro dzekurukurirano muzana ramakore rechi 18, chishuvo chokudzikamisa fariro dzehurumende nedzehurumende, uye mibvunzo pamusoro pamano omuvhotera anobva kunyika dziri kure okuyera vavhoti.

Chiremera Chomutemo cheHurumende Pamusoro Pokusarudza

Mitezo ine simba guru rokugadza miitiro yayo imene yokusarudza vavhoti, mukuwirirana neganhuriro dzakati dzebumbiro remitemo. Hurumende imwe neimwe inogadza vasaruri vachishandisa miitiro yemitemo yakasarudzwa nedare rayo. chiremera ichi chakaguma nokusvika kwakasiana - siana munhau yose yeAmerica uye chinopfuurira kuparira misiano mumuitiro wazvino uno.

Dare Rapamusorosoro rakacherekedza kuti matare anogona kusarudza pakati pemhatsa yemitoo inobvumirwa mukusarudza vavhoti, kubatanidza nedare rimene padare rinosarudza vavhoti, kupfurikidza nedare rinotonga kupfurikidza nevhota rakabatana redzimba mbiri, kupfurikidza nokuvhota kwavanhu nokuda kwetikiti ravose, kupfurikidza nokuvhota kwavanhu vari mumaruwa, kupfurikidza nokusarudza navanhu murutivi rumwe norumwe kupfurikidza navanhu vanovhota mumaruwa uye parutivi nedare remitemo, kupfurikidza nechisarudzo chakaitwa nedare remitemo ravanhu vaisarudza vanhu vari mumaruwa, uye mudzimwe nzira.

Zvisinei, kungwarira kwehurumende hakuna kuganhurirwa. masimba akapiwa aya nguva dzose anoganhurirwa kuti angasashandiswa nenzira inoputsa dzimwe gadziriro chaidzo dzeBumbiro reMitemo.

Gadziriro Yokusarudza Nhaka Mbiri

Kusarudzwa kwapurezidhendi vavhota kunoitika kupfurikidza nomuitiro wezvikamu zviviri unobatanidza zvose zviri zviviri mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika navavhoti. Kunzwisisa matanho ose ari maviri kunokosha kunzwisisa kuti vavhoti vanosarudzwa sei pakupedzisira.

Chinotangira: Boka Rezvamatongerwe enyika Risingatsiviswi Nesimba RaElector Slates

Rutivi rwokutanga rwegadziriro yacho runodzorwa namapati ezvamatongerwe enyika muHurumende imwe neimwe uye anosiana muHurumende neHurumende, namapati achiwanzodudza zvitupa zvavanoda kusarudzwa pakokorodzano dzavo dzebato reHurumende kana kuti kuzvisarudza nevhoti yedare guru rebato racho mukuwirirana nemitemo ipi kana ipi iyo boka reHurumende uye pane dzimwe nguva boka rorudzi rinayo nokuda kwomuitiro wacho.

Mumaruwa akawanda, masangano makuru ezvematongerwe enyika anosarudza kana kuti anotora vanhu kuti vashande sevatongi vehurumende pakokorodzano dzehurumende dzinoitwa nebato maererano nemitemo yepamubato.

Mapoka ezvematongerwe enyika anowanzosarudza vanhu kuti vabvume basa ravo nokuzvitsaurira kubato iroro rezvematongerwe enyika, uye angava hurumende inosarudzwa nevakuru vakuru vehurumende, vatungamiriri vebato reHurumende, kana kuti vanhu vari muHurumende vane ushamwari hwomunhu oga kana kuti hwezvamatongerwe enyika nemutezo waPurezidhendi webato ravo. Kusarudzwa somuvhoti anobvira kunowanzorangarirwa kuva rukudzo runopiwa pamitezo yebato rakavimbika.

Ichi chikamu chokutanga chemuitiro chinoguma nechibvumirano chomukwikwidzani mumwe nomumwe ane chirevo chavo vamene chakasiyana chavanoda kusarudza. Mubato mukuru mumwe nomumwe, pamwe chete namapati maduku uye vakwaniriswa vakazvimirira vanokwanirisa nokuda kwokuwana mabharakiti, vanogadzirira ndaza yavo amene yavanhu vaizobatira savavhoti kana mukwikwidzi wacho webato akahwina vvhoti yakakurumbira yehurumende.

Chikamu Chechipiri: Kusarudza Zvokudya Zvakakurumbira

Mukati mesarudzo yavose, vavhoti muHurumende imwe neimwe vanosarudza vavhoti vavo veHurumende kupfurikidza nokukanda mavhota avo. Zvisinei, uyu muitiro unosiana neizvo vavhoti vazhinji vangakarira. Apo unosarudza muvhoti woMutungamiriri wehurumende, hausati uri chaizvoizvo kuvhotera Purezidhendi wako kuti iHurumende ipi yaunoda kuti ivhote pamusangano wavavhoti.

Musarudzo yapurezidhendi mukuru weUnited States, vhota pamutemo nokuda kwechiredhi chebato rezvamatongerwe enyika chavavhoti, kwete vatendi chaivoivo vapurezidhendi navatevedzeri vapurezidhendi. Mazita avasarudzi vanokarirwa angaoneka kana kuti angasaoneka pavhoti iri pasi pezita ravada kutendiswa sarudzo neforoma muHurumende imwe neimwe.

Nyika inoshandisa iyi miuyo yavose, inozivikanwawo sevhoti yakakurumbira, kugadza vavhoti vavo, nebato reHurumende rinohwina reHurumende rinosarudza vanhu vachava vasarudzi. Ikoku kunoreva kuti chitupa chavavhoti vakasarudzwa navanohwinwa chichava chirevo chapamutemo chichakanda vhoti dzehurumende.

Zvinodiwa Zvokusimbisa Nezvinoitwa

Mitemo yakagadza miitiro yesimbi inosarudzwa kuti inyore kusarudzwa kwavavhoti ndokuvimbisa kuchengetwa kwapamutemo kwenhau mumuitiro. Iyi miitiro inoparira nzira yepepa yapamutemo kubva pakunyorwa kwavasaruri vanobvira kupfurikidza nokugadzwa kwavo kwokupedzisira.

Masangano ezvematongerwo enyika anosarudza vasarudzi vehurumende kupfurikidza nekokorodzano yebato kana kuti dare uye anofanira kuzivisa mazita avavhoti kuMunyori weHurumende.

Mumaruwa akawanda, zvinodikanwa zvokuwedzera zvinoshanda kuichi chitupa. Chitupa chinofanira kubatanidza kutaura kunoitwa nomuvhoti mumwe nomumwe anobvumirana kuvhota avo vakasarudzwa nokuda kwaPurezidhendi naPakaro weVice naPuresidhendi vakagadzwa nebato. Ichi chinodikanwa chevimbiso chinobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti vavhotisi vanonzwisisa kuzvipira kwavo kuvhota nokuda kwavada kutora.

Pashure pesarudzo yavose, inodaro Gwaro reChibvumirano. Pashure pesarudzo yavose, Mutungamiriri weHurumende anogadzira Gwaro Rokutemwa Kwokutemwa Kwokutemwa kwavanhu vose vari pamazita ezvinyorero nokuda kwomubhadhari mumwe nomumwe, chiverengero chamavhoti akagamuchira mumwe nomumwe, uye kuratidza kuti vanhu vapi vakagadzwa savasaruri veHurumende.

Electoral Count Reform Act inodudza kuti mukuru mukuru wehurumende anofanira kusimbisa kugadzwa kwehurumende yavavhoti ndigavhuna, kutoti mutemo wehurumende wakagadzwa pamberi pesarudzo usati wagadza mukuru mukuru akasiana kuti aite basa. ECRA inopa kuti mukuru mukuru wehurumende mumwe nomumwe anofanira kuzivisa chitupa chehurumende chavavhoti mazuva matanhatu musi apo vavhoti vanosangana pamutemo kuti vanyore mavhoti avo.

Muwine Akatora Zvose Negadziriro Dzezvinoita

Nepo hurumende dzichichinja - chinja nzira yadzinoronga nayo mavhoti adzo akasarudzwa, voruzhinji zvikurusa vakagamuchira kusvika kwose kwokukunda, namasangano maviri bedzi anoshandisa mutoo wakasiana.

Muwine Akatora Muitiro Wose

Manyika mazhinjisa ane gadziriro "mutoreri-all" iyo inopa vavhoti vose kuna Purezidhendi uyo anowana vvutiro yakakurumbira yeHurumende. Mu 48 neWashington, D.C., anowana mavhoti ose akasarudzwa nokuda kwehurumende iyoyo. Ikoku kunoreva kuti kunyange kana mutengi akahwina nomutsetse mutete, vanogamuchira 100% yamavhoti akasarudzwa nehurumende iyoyo.

Mukundi anopa chitupa chose chenyika ichocho chavavhoti vose kuna vavhoti vakakurumbira muhurumende, pasinei zvapo nokuti vhoti yakakurumbira yaiwirirana sei muhurumende. Uyu mutoo unogona kukudza simba rorukundo rutete ndokuita migariro apo vada kufunda vanonangidzira nhimbe dzavo pamakwikwi okukwikwidzana "vhoti" panzvimbo pekuti apo boka rimwe rine betsero yakajeka.

Pakasvika 1836, muwiridziri mukuru mukuru wehurumende akasarudza vose vavhoti akava muitiro. Nepo tsika ino isina kurairwa neBumbiro reMitemo, masangano anoigamuchira zvishoma nezvishoma somutoo mukuru, sezvingabvira nemhaka yokuti inowedzera pesvedzero yehurumende imwe neimwe musarudzo dzapurezidhendi kupfurikidza nokutumira vhoti dzose dzakasarudzwa seboka rakabatana.

Maine neNebraska’s District System

Maine neNebraska mumwe nomumwe ane mhatsa ye "rondedzero yorudzidziso". Zvikurukuru, muNebraska neMaine, muwani weHurumende anogamuchira vavhoti vaviri nomukundi woruwa rumwe norumwe rwomusangano anogamuchira muvhoti mumwe, uko kunobvumidza Nebraska naMaine kuvavhoti vanopiwa mubayiro kuvanopfuura vanopfuura vatsigiri mumwe.

Maine akagamuchira gadziriro yake yoruwa muna 1972 naNebraska muna 1992, navavhoti vaviri vakakura vakagoverwa kumukundi wevhoti yakakurumbira yenyika yose. Iyi tsika inobvumira bviro yamavhoti avavhoti vanosarudzwa vanokamura, ayo akaitika musarudzo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi. Maine akakamura mavhoti avo mana akasarudzwa 3-1 muzvose zviri zviviri 2020 na2016, uye Nebraska akakamura mavhoti awo mashanu avavhoti vakasarudzwa 4-1 mu2020.

Muuyu mutoo woruwa woruwa, nhimbe dzinofanira kupa ngwariro kwete bedzi kumiuyo yenyika yose asiwo kumaruwa mamwe namamwe amaruwa, kuchiita maruwa akati kuti ave namakwikwi zvikuru kunyange kana hurumende yose zvayo ichitsamira kubato rimwe.

Zvinodiwa neBumbiro reMitemo Neganhuriro Nokuda Kwavarangi

Nepo hurumende dzine chiremera chikuru chokusarudza vavhoti, Bumbiro Remitemo rinosimbisa zvikwaniriso zvakati neganhuriro izvo zvingabatira muiri basa.

Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rine gadziriro shomanene zvikuru dzine chokuita nezvikwaniriso zvavavhoti, neChikamu II, chikamu 1, chikamu 2 chinogovera kuti hakuna Mumiriri kana kuti Mumiriri, kana kuti Munhu ane Hofisi Yechivimbo kana kuti Iniversite pasi peUnited States, achagadzwa muvhoti. Ichi chirambidzo chinodzivisa vabati vehurumende kushanda savavhoti, vachichengeta kuparadzaniswa pakati pehurumende yehurumende nomusarudzo wehurumende.

Penjere rechi14 rinopa kuti vakuru vakuru veHurumende avo vakapinda mukupandukira kana kuti kupandukira United States kana kuti vakapiwa yamuro nenyaradzo kuvavengi vayo vasingakwanisi kushanda savavhoti.

Kupfuura izvi zvinodikanwa zvebumbiro remitemo rehurumende, Hurumende dzingatanga zvikwaniriso zvokuwedzera nokuda kwavavhoti. Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika ehurumende mamwe namamwe anosarudza chisarudzo chawo amene chavangada kusarudza, uye anosarudzwa kuva muvhoti, sei, uye apo anosiana nehurumende. Hurumende dzinoda chaizvoizvo vavhoti kuti vanyoreswe uye dzingaisa mimwe mipimo inogamuchirwa kupfurikidza nomutemo wehurumende.

Kusangana Kwavanarakisi Nokukamuranisa Zvinhu Zvemari

Vavhota vangosarudzwa bedzi kupfurikidza nesarudzo yavose, vanofanira kuungana kuti vasande mavhoti avo nenzira yakarongwa nokuda kwapurezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. uyu musangano unomirira mugumo wemuitiro wokusarudza uye nguva chaiyoiyo apo Electoral College inoshanda seyakaitirwa.

Nguva Nenzvimbo Yemisangano yeElectoral College

Musangano wavavhoti unoitika paChipiri chokutanga pashure peChitatu chechipiri muna December pashure pesarudzo yavose, navavhoti vachisangana muNyika dzavo dzakatsaukana, uko vakaisa vhoti dzavo dzaPurezidhendi naMutungamiriri wePrezidhendi pavhota dzakaparadzana. Iyi nguva yakagadziridzwa neElectoral Count Reform Act ya2022, iyo yakachinja musi womusangano kuvambira paMuvhuro wokutanga kusvikira kuChipiri chokutanga pashure peChitatu chechipiri chechipiri muna December.

Vadzidzi havaunganidzi munzvimbo imwe yenyika. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanosangana panguva imwe chete mudzimbahwe rehurumende, zvikurukuru muchivako chehurumende kana kuti chimwe chivako chehurumende. Iyi nzira inodzorwa inoratidzira chimiro chehurumende cheElectoral College system uye inoderedza ngozi yokudzongonyedzwa kana kuti pesvedzero isina kufanira ingaitika kana vavhoti vose vakaungana munzvimbo imwe.

Muitiro Wokutakurika

Vavhoti vavavhoti vakanyorwa paTsata yeVote, iyo inogadzirwa pamusangano navavhoti, uye Gwaro reHurumende reVote rinotumirwa kuCongress, uko vhoti dzinoverengwa, uye kuNARA, sorutivi rwezvinyorwa zvehurumende zveSangano raPurezidhendi. Iyi chinyorwa inovimbisa kuti vhoti dzehurumende imwe neimwe dzinonyorwa zvakanaka ndokupinzwa kuhurumende yehurumende nokuda kwomuitiro wokuverenga wokupedzisira.

Muitiro wokuvhota umene unobatanidza vavhoti vanosarudza vavhoti vakaparadzana nokuda kwapurezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, sezvinodikanwa neTwelfth Amendment kuBumbiro reMitemo. Twelfth Amendment yakachinja muitiro kuti ude kuti purezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi mumwe nomumwe asarudzwe mumavhoti akasiyana neElectoral College, navanoda Purezidhendi zvino vachasarudza vachashanda pedyo navo se “musongani wavo ” kuti vabatire sapurezidhendi wavo.

Vazivisi Vasina Kutenda: Mitemo Nokumanikidzwa

Rimwe ramativi anoitiranwa nharo zvikurusa eElectoral College rinobatanidza mubvunzo wokuti vavhoti vanofanira kuvhotera muvhoti yakakurumbira yehurumende kana kuti kana vane chisarudzo chokuvhota nenzira yakasiana.

Mutemo Wamagariro Negadziriro Dzebumbiro Remitemo

Hapana gadziriro yeBumbiro reMitemo kana kuti mutemo weFederal unoda vasaruri kuti vavhote mukuwirirana nemiuyo yevhoti yakakurumbira muUnited States yavo. Kana Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. kana kuti mirau yehurumende inonangidzira mufungo we "vasaruri vasingatendi," sezvo iyi nhau yakachengetwa kunyika.

Vavhoti vasina kutenda vasarudzi vanopedzisira vavhotera mumwe munhu kunze kwevavakavimbisa kuti vavhoti vasina kutenda vakamutsa kunetseka pamusoro pokuva pamutemo kwehurumende kweElectoral College uye kwakasunda nyika dzakawanda kuita mitemo inoita kuti nyaya iyi ipere.

Mitemo yeHurumende Inobatanidza Varavi

Dzimwe nyika dzinoda vavhoti kuti vavhoti vadziite maererano nevhoti yakakurumbira, neizvi zvipikiso zvichiwira mumapoka maviri — vatongi vanosungwa nomutemo weHurumende naavo vanosungirwa nezvipikirwa kumapati ezvematongerwe enyika. Mazhinjisa enyika neRuwa rweColumbia ane mitemo pamabhuku anoda vavhoti kuti vanyorere vvuti kuti vavhoti vemapoka avo vatsive vapurisa vaPrezidhendi naVatungamiriri vePurezidhendi.

Mitoo yokuchengetwa kweiyi mitemo inosiana zvikuru. Nepo nyika makumi matatu nenhatu neRuwa rweColumbia zvichida vavhoti kuti vavhotere mudaviri avanopikirwa, 14 bedzi enyika idzodzo dzine muitiro wokuchengeta wokutsiva muvhoti asina kutenda uye vhoti yake yakashata. Dzimwe nyika dzinorangarira kutyora mutemo sokuparira chibharo chinofanira kupedzwa, nepo dzimwe dzichiisa zvirango pavavhoti vasina kutenda.

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa Rinoyera Mitemo yeHurumende

Muna July 2020, United States Supreme Court yakataura kuti Hurumende inga "ita muvhoti nokuda kwokuputsa rupikiriro rwake nokuvhota nokuda kwomumwe munhu kunze kwomuvhotera wapurezidhendi uyo akawina vhoti yake yakakurumbira yeHurumende". Iyi chisarudzo mu Cafalo v. Washington yakapedza mibvunzo refu yakavanzika pamusoro pomutemo wemitemo yehurumende inovhotera vavhotera vavhoti vebato ravo.

Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa chakasimbisa kuti hurumende dzine chiremera chokushandisa zvibvumirano zvevavhoti uye kuti kuchengetwa kwakadaro hakuputsi Bumbiro remitemo. Ichi chisarudzo chakasimbisa hwaro hwemitemo yehurumende inoda vavhoti kuti vavhoti mukuwirirana nemigumisiro yakakurumbira yevhoti dzehurumende yavo, kunyange zvazvo isingadi kuti nyika dzigamuchire mitemo yakadaro.

Kuzadza Mabhandiji eElector

Mamiriro ezvinhu anomuka panhambo nenhambo apo muvhoti asingakwanisi kupinda musangano weElectoral College kana kuti apo vhoti yomuvhoti inoregwa nemhaka yokuvhota kusina kutenda munyika nemitoo yokuchengeta. Hurumende dzakatanga miitiro yokutaura nezveidzi nzvimbo.

Kana paine nzvimbo pamusangano wavavhoti, vavhoti vanofanira kuvhota kuti vazadze nzvimbo yacho. Miitiro yakananga yokuzadza nzvimbo inosiana nehurumende, asi kazhinji kazhinji inobatanidza vasarudzi vasara vanosarudza mutsivi mumwe cheteyo webato rezvamatongerwe enyika somuvhoti asina kana kuti muvhoti asina kukwaniriswa.

Dzimwe nyika dzinogadza vavhotani vamwe pachine nguva mberi kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti nzvimbo dzinogona kupedzwa nokukurumidza uye nenzira iri nyore. Uku kuchinjwa kunowanzosarudzwa nomubato rimwe chetero sevavhooti vakuru vomira vakagadzirira kubatira kana kuchidikanwa.

Basa Revakuru Vakuru Vehurumende

Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoona zvokusarudza, zvikurukuru vasarudzo veHurumende, vanoita mabasa anokosha okutarisira mumuitiro wokusarudza, kunyange zvazvo ivo chaizvoizvo vasina chiremera pamusoro pezvikamu zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvokusarudzwa kwezvitupa zvemitemo.

Vavambi veHurumende kana kuti vamwe vakuru vakuru vanogamuchira magwaro okuvhota kubva kumasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro pavasarudzo vavo vakasarudzwa, vanochengeta zvinyorwa zvapamutemo zvemiuyo yavose yesarudzo, vanogadzirira Zvitupa Zvikwangwani zvinozivisa kuhwina kwevhoti dzavavhoti, uye vanobatirana nezviremera zvehurumende kutumira vhoti dzinosarudzwa kuDare. iyi miraudzo yokutonga inovimbisa kuti mutoo wokusarudza ushande zvakanaka uye kuti manyoro akafanira avepo pachikamu chiri chose.

Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanoshandawo sezviwiro zvamashoko pamusoro pemiitiro yakananga yehurumende. Nokuda kwamashoko pamusoro pomuitiro weElectoral College muHurumende yenyu, nyorera Munyori weHurumende yeHurumende yenyu. Ava vakuru vakuru vanogona kugovera udzame pamusoro pemiitiro yebato, mafomu okuvhota, uye nguva yamatanho akasiana - siana mugadziriro yacho.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwenhau Kwemitoo Yokusarudza Elector

Kunzwisisa kufambira mberi uku kwenhau kunogovera mashoko emiitiro yazvino uno uye gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pokuchinja kweElectoral College.

Mumakore apakuvamba eRepublic, nyika dzakawanda dzakashandisa kugadzwa kwomutemo panzvimbo pevhoti yakakurumbira. Hurumende yaizosarudza zvakananga vavhoti pasina mubatanidzwa navavhoti. Uyu mutoo zvishoma nezvishoma wakaderera sezvo kutora rutivi kwehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji kwakakudzwa uye nyika dzakasundwa kuzvimiro zvakananga zvikuru zvouchangamire hwakakurumbira.

Chinjo kumitoo yakakurumbira yakaitika zvishoma nezvishoma muzana ramakore rechi 19. Pakasvika pakati pama1800, nyika zhinjisa dzakanga dzagamuchira chimiro chakati chesarudzo yakakurumbira nokuda kwokusarudza vavhoti, kunyange zvazvo miitiro yakananga yaisiyana. Muitiro wokuhwina wakava mukuru zvikuru nenzira inowedzera, kunyange zvazvo wakanga usingatongodikanwi nebumbiro remitemo.

Zana ramakore rechi20 rakava nemwero, neinodokuva nyika dzose dzichigamuchira kusvika kwose panguva yenhimbe dzamapurezidhendi dzazvino uno. Kugamuchira kwaMaine mutoo woruwa woruwa muna 1972 neNebraska muna 1992 kwakamirira mabudire kubva paiyi kombamiro, kunyange zvazvo iwaya achingova maruwa maviri bedzi anoshandisa iyi nzira inotsiva.

Makakatanwa Apanguva Ino uye Kuchinja Zvinhu

Gadziriro yehurumende yokusarudza vavhoti inopfuurira kuparira gakava rinokosha, nezvikarakadzo zvakasiyana - siyana zvokuchinja zvakanangidzirwa pakuchinja masanzverirwo anoitwa kana kuti kubvisa chose chose Electoral College.

Chibvumirano Chenyika Chakakurumbira cheVote Interstate

Imwe nhamburiko yakatanhamara yokuchinja inobatanidza National Popular Vote Interstate Community, chibvumirano pakati pehurumende dzinotora rutivi kunzvimbo dzadzo dzinovhota vavhoti vehurumende vanowana vhoti yakakurumbira yorudzi, pasinei zvapo nomuuyo uri munyika yavo vamene. Mubatanidzwa wacho waizoshanda bedzi kana hurumende dzakakwana dzakatora rutivi kuti dziite voruzhinji vakasarudzwa pakoreji, uye somuna May 2024, nyika 17 uye District of Columbia dzakabvuma kutora rutivi.

Iyi dare inomirira kuedza kuita gadziriro yamavhoti akakurumbira yorudzi pasina kudzosa Bumbiro remitemo. Inotsamira pachiremera chebumbiro remitemo chehurumende kusarudza kuti vavhoti vavo vanogadzwa sei, vachishandisa chiremera ichocho kugadzira gadziriro inotsinhiraniswa munyika dzakawanda.

Maonero Aiita Vanhu PaElectoral College Reformation

Maererano nokuongorora kwakaitwa muna 2023 kubva kuPew Research Center, 65 muzana yevanhu vakuru vokuAmerica vanoda kusiya Electoral College vachienda kuvhota munyika yose.

Muna 1824, 1888, 188, 2000, uye 2016, mukundi weElectoral College (* uye nokudaro Purezidhendi akawana purojeti yakakurumbira.Nhau idzi dzakawedzera nharo pamusoro pokuti tsika yazvino inoratidzira zvakakwana kuda kwavanhu veAmerica uye kana chinjo iri madikanwa.

Electoral Count Reform Act ya2022

Mutemo wehurumende wemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi wakavandudza mativi akati omuitiro weElectoral College, kunyange zvazvo usina kuchinja zvikuru nzira iyo hurumende dzinosarudza nayo vavhoti.

Congress yakapfuudza Electoral Count Reform Act ya 2022 (ECRA), mutemo webipartisan waibatanidza sorutivi rweambubhus appropriance negadziriro yemitemo iyo inochinja redhial Electoral Count (ECA) ya1887. ECA, yakarongwa neECRA, inogovera gadziriro huru yepamutemo yokuumba nokuverenga Electoral Colleges vhotations muchisarudzo chapurezidhendi.

Zvisinei, ECRA zvikurukuru inotaura nezvemuitiro wokuverenga kwesangano uye inojekesa zvinhu zvakava pachena mukati mesarudzo 2020.

Kuchinja uku kunovavarira kusimbisa kuperera kweElectoral College uye kuderedza mikana yokukakavadzana kana kuti kudzora, uku uchichengetedza marongerwo makuru okusarudza kunotsigirwa nehurumende.

Kubatsira Kunoita Vari Kugadzira Mari

Kunzwisisa kuti vavhoti vane revo dzinokosha sei nokuda kwavavhoti vanotsvaka kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira musarudzo yapurezidhendi.

Kutanga, vavhoti vanofanira kuziva kuti mavhoti avo apurezidhendi chaizvoizvo ivhoti yetsamba yevavhoti pane kuti ivo pachavo vaone kuti nei mafomu okuvhota achisiyana munyika dzose uye nei mamwe mazita evavhota asi mamwe asingadaro.

Chechipiri, gadziriro yokuwina yose inoshandiswa nehurumende zhinji inoreva kuti vavhoti munyika dzisingakwikwidzi vangarangarira kuti vhoti dzavo dzine simba shoma kupfuura vavhoti munyika dzinochinja. Uku kutaura kumiitiro nepesvedzero umo vanoda kutora vanoisa ngwariro panguva yavo nezviwanikwa.

Chechitatu, mitemo yehurumende pamusoro pavavhoti vasina kutenda inogovera mwero yakasiana - siana yevimbiso yokuti vhoti vakasarudzwa vacharatidzira muuyo wakakurumbira wevhoti. Vota vari munyika dzine miitiro yokudzikamisa yakasimba vanogona kuva nechivimbo chikuru chokuti vhoti dzakasarudzwa nehurumende yavo dzichawirirana nemiuyo yakakurumbira yevhoti.

Pakupedzisira, kunzwisisa muitiro wokusarudza muvhoti kunopa simba rokupinda mukurukurirano dzezivo pamusoro pechinjo dzinobvira uye kuyera zvikarakadzo zvokuchinja gadziriro. Kunyange vachitsigira chivako chazvino kana kuti kutsigira zvimwe zvinotsiva, vavhoti vanobetserwa nokunzwisisa kuti muitiro uripo unoshanda sei.

Mabhuku Emamwe Mashoko

Zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvine chiremera zvinogovera mashoko okuwedzera pamusoro pokuti hurumende dzinosarudza sei vavhoti uye basa reElectoral College rakafara.

National Archives and Records Administration inochengeta mashoko akazara pamusoro peElectoral College, kubatanidza tsananguro dzine udzame dzenhano imwe neimwe mumuitiro uye batano kumitemo yehurumende yakakodzera. Website yavo pa .gov/electoral-college inobatira sechisakiso chehurumende chehurumende.

National Association of Secretary of State inounganidza kupetwa kwemitemo kwehurumende neshoko pamusoro pavasarudzi vapurezidhendi, ichipa mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pemiitiro yokuisa mashoko murusando, zvinodikanwa zvegweta, uye misengwa yevhota munyika imwe neimwe. Iri vimba rinokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwokunzwisisa misiano yehurumende inojeka mumuitiro wacho.

National Conference of State Legislatures inoongorora nzira dzeElectoral College uye mutemo wehurumende une chokuita nokusarudza muvhoti.

Mahofisi esarudzo mamwe namamwe ehurumende anopa mashoko akananga kumiitiro yawo. Kuonana noMunyori weHurumende yako kana kuti mukuru wesarudzo anogona kupa mashoko ane udzame pamusoro penzira iyo hurumende yako inoisa nayo, mavhota, uye kuisa mubatanidzwa vasarudzo vapurezidhendi.

mhedziso

Muitiro uyo hurumende dzinosarudza nawo vavhoti vehurumende vamapurezidhendi unoratidzira gadziriro yomubatanidzwa yehurumende yeAmerica nekupa chiremera kweBumbiro reMitemo kuhurumende muiyi nharaunda inokosha. Kubva mukunyorwa kwokutanga kwezvisarudzo kunoitwa namasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nevhoti inosarudza kuti isitapi inogadzwa, kumusangano wetsika apo vavhoti vanovhota, nhano imwe neimwe inobatanidza mubatanidzwa womutemo wehurumende, miitiro yebato, uye zvinodikanwa zvebumbiro remitemo.

Nepo gadziriro yacho yakachinja zvikuru chifo chenhambo yamavambo, nokugamuchira kunodokuva kwapasi pose kwemitoo yakakurumbira yokuvhota nenzvimbo yose inowana mukundi, nyika dzinochengeta kuchinjika kwakati mumashandisirwe ayo aya maitiro. Kuvapo kwedzimwe nzira muMaine neNebraska, gakava dzinopfuurira pamusoro pemitemo yakasarudzwa isina kutenda, uye zvikarakadzo zvechinjo huru zvose zvinoratidzira kuti mutoo wokusarudza unoramba une simba uye unoda kuchinja.

Kunzwisisa kuti vasarudzi vehurumende vanopa sei nzwisiso inokosha muvhoti dzapurezidhendi weAmerica nebasa rakasiyana rinoitwa nehurumende mukusarudza mukuru mukuru wenyika. Kana gadziriro yazvino ikapfuurira isingachinji kana kuti inoita chinjo mumakore ari kuuya, muitiro wakavakirwa pahurumende wokusarudza ucharamba uri rutivi runorondedzera nzira iyo vaAmerica vanosarudza nayo purezidhendi wavo.