Muitiro wokuvhota ikokupa simba renzanga ipi neipi yedemocracy, kushandura zvisarudzo zvomunhu oga kuva udzori hweboka. Kuvambira pakugadzirwa kwokutanga kwepepa retsoropodzo kusvikira kuchiratidzo chokupedzisira chemiuyo, nhano iri yose inovakirwa pamipimo yemitemo, gadziriro dzoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye miitiro yokudzora. Kunzwisisa urwu rwendo kunopa simba vagari vemo kutungamirira tsika yacho nechivimbo, kuziva kuti zvingava dziviriro dzinodzivirira kuperera kwokusarudza. Nyaya ino inogovera kunzvera kwakakwana, kunzvera matanho ose okuvhota, kuongorora matambira ose, kunyoresa, kunyora, kunyora, kunyora, uye kuisa mativi epashure.

Rongedzero Yezviridzwa: Hwaro Hwokugadzira Zvinhu Zvakarurama

Nhano yokutanga inokosha mumuitiro wokuvhota ndiyo magadzirirwo echirongwa chokuvhota. Muvhota akasanorongwa anoderedza nyongano yomuvhoti, anoderedza mavhoti akashatiswa, uye anotapura zvakananga kururama kwemiuyo yesarudzo. Rongedzero yeBallot inharaunda yakarovedzeka inobatanidza kunzvera kwokuzvidira, mipimo yokuwana, uye zvinodikanwa zvokuchengeteka. Vakuru vakuru vamasangano vanoshanda navagadziri vane mifananidzo nenyanzvi dzavanhu kugadzira mabhuroko akajeka, eOctookia, uye epamutemo.

Marudzi Amabharoti

Marongerwo akasiyana - siyana anoshandiswa mafomu akasiyana - siyana. Marudzi anozivikanwa navose anosanganisira:

  • Pepager blott: Mavota anoisa chiratidzo chaanosarudza zvakananga papepa, iro rinobva raongororwa kana kuti kuverengwa nemaoko. Mapepa anogovera nzira inotevedzerwa yecherekedzo yecherekedzo uye ndiwo mupimo wendarama nokuda kwechengeteko.
  • Mavhota escape aioptical: Mavhozhowe anozadza matomu kana kuti kubatanidza miseve papepa rock iyo inoraviwa gare gare nenzvero yemaziso.
  • Michina yemagetsi inonatsiridza: Michina inoita zvisarudzo pagiramu rokubata, uye mavhoti anochengetwa pakombiyuta. Mitemo yakawanda yeDRE zvino inobatanidza mapepa anovhotera (VPAT) kubvumira kurondedzera.
  • [[FT:0] Internet kana kuti kuvhota kwapachivande: Inoshandiswa mune dzimwe nyika nokuda kwegadziriro dzevavhoti kana kuti vatyairi vendege, inomutsa itiro hanya huru dzepakombiyuta uye haiwanzogamuchirwa muUnited States nokuda kwesarudzo dzavose.

Nheyo Dzinokosha Dzokuronga

Magadzirirwo ebhangi anobudirira anotevera mashandisiro anoitwa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa:

  • Ubhadharo: Ballots dzinofanira kugarisa vavhoti nourema, kubatanidza avo vane urema hwemaziso. Vhekitari huru, zvitati-manzwi enzwi (zvikuru, michina yokuisa chiratidzo), uye kuenzana kwemuravi kunodikanwa pasi pemitemo yakadai seHelp American Vote Act (VA).
  • Mhesano: Mirayiridzo inofanira kuva yakapfava, inonyorwa, uye mazita aidzorwa akarongwa nenzira inopfuurira. Mavara akashata akadai sezvikamu zvinovhiringidza kana kuti chinyorwa chiduku-duku, zvinogona kutungamirira kupfupi kana kuti kupfuvura.
  • Ugaro: zvinhu zvinodzivisa kushatisa. Mapepa anowanzobatanidza zvinhu zvokuchengetedza zvakadai semarking, mabharokodhi echienzi, kana kuti maingi chaiwo.
  • Zvitarisiko zvakagadzirirwa kumira zviri pakati nepakati zvinoderedza zvikanganiso zvevavhoti. Somuenzaniso, mapoka enhurikidzwa dzehofisi anoda kutendwa pahofisi, nepo marusarudzo ebato rebato rinorongwa nebato rezvematongerwe enyika.

Dare Rokuvhota reU.S. (EAC) rinogovera nhungamiro dzegadziriro yokuvhota yokuzvidira nemiitiro yakanakisisa nokuda kwegadziriro yokuvhota.

Mitoo Yokuzivisa Nayo: Zvisarudzo Nezvinonetsa

Sarudzo dzemazuva ano dzinopa nzira dzakawanda dzokuvhota nadzo kuti munhu awedzere kutora rutivi asi achichengetedza.

MuPuroton Poling paZuva Rokusarudza

Uyu mutoo wegamuchidzanwa unoramba uri mutoo wakakurumbira zvikurusa munzvimbo dzakawanda. Vanofamba kunzvimbo inovhota yakasarudzwa, kusimbisa kuzivikanwa kwavo, kugamuchira bhakisi (pepa kana kuti magetsi), kuranga zvisarudzo zvavo mutende rapachivande, uye kuisa bhanisi. Muvhotera rinogovera kuzviisa pasi kwokukurumidza uye rinoderedza ngozi yokunonoka kudzoka kana kuti kupfuudzwa. Zvisinei, rinogona kuparira mitsetse mirefu, inoda vashandi vanonzvera vakakwana, uye ingadzivisa kuvhozhokerwa pakati paavo vane purogiramu kana kuti kudzorwa kwakarongwa.

Kutanga Kurutsa

Kuvhota kwokukurumidza kunobvumira vagari vemo kukanda mavhota pamunhu panzvimbo dzakatarwa Zuva Rokuvhota risati rasvika. Ikoku kunotambanudza hwindo rokuvhota, kuderedza dzvinyiriro pazuva rimwe uye kugovera kuchinjika. Nguva dzokuvhota dzapakuvamba dzinovambira pamazuva mashomanene kusvikira kumavhiki anoverengeka. Tsigiro yechengeteko dzinoratidza avo vezuva resarudzo(---tsororo, mabhuku okuvhota, uye kuchengeteswa kwokuchengeteka kunochengetwa kunochengetwa munguva yokuvhota. Kunzvera kubva kuBrennan Center kunoratidzira kuti kukurumidza kuvhotera kunowedzera, zvikurukuru pakati pemhuri dzinoshanda.

Matsamba Mukutengesa (Bhosee Voting)

Mune kuvhota mabvumidza vavhoti kugamuchira, kupedza, uye kudzorera mapepa nepositi kana kuti bhokisi rokudonha. Uyu mutoo wakura nokukurumidza, zvikurukuru pashure pedenda reCOVID. Muitiro unobatanidza chikumbiro (mudzimwe nyika, vavhoti vose vanoshingaira vanotumirwa zvavose pamusha, uye kudzoka kupfurikidza neposi kana kuti kukanda bhokisi rakachengeteka. Chisainimende ndechokuchengeteka chakakomba chinoenzanisa kusaina pahamvuropo kusinjo pafaira. Masangano akadai seColorado, Oregon, uye Washington akatungamirira sarudzo yose yematsamba kwamakore, achiratidzira chengeteko nokutora rutivi rwakakwirira. National Conference of State State of Legastiglatures (NCSL) mitemo yeposi uye inoshuma kuti nyika dzose dzinopa pamutemo dzokuvhota.

Mari Inogadzirwa Negadziriro

Apo kugamuchirwa kwomuvhoti kusingagoni kusimbiswa nokukurumidza. Nemhaka yenhau dzokunyoresa, zita risingawirirani, kana kuti kushaikwa kwezvizivikanyo() zvinobvumirwa kukanda muvhoti. Iri tsoroti rinochengetwa bedzi pashure pokunge vakuru vakuru vasimbisa kusagona kwomuvhoti. Kuvhota kwegadziriro hakuvimbisi muvhoti anotsaurirwa apo anochengeta perero yenhamba yokupedzisira. Muna 2020, mamirioni evavhoti akarovhati akarambwa munyika yose; chikamu chiduku muzana chakarambwa pakupedzisira chakasimbiswa, chichisimbisa kukosha kwokunyoresa kwakarurama.

Kugadzirira Kupa Zvokufambisa: Kubva Pakunyoresa Kuenda Pakutsvakurudza

Kutora rutivi kunobudirira kunoda kufanogadzirirwa. matanho acho anosiyana - siyana asi anowanzosanganisira kunyoresa kwevondi, kuongorora mapepa anoshandiswa pakuongorora, uye kunzwisisa zvinodiwa kuti munhu aziviswe.

Kunyoresa Nemari

Nyika imwe neimwe kunze kweNorth Dakota inoda kuti vagari vemo vanyorese vasati vavhota. Kunyoresa nguva kunosiyana kubva pazuva rimwe chete (mumiganhu yakadai seCalifornia neMinnesota) kusvikira kumazuva 30 pamberi pekuvhota. Kunyoresa kunogona kupedzwa paIndaneti, netsamba, kana kuti mumunhu pamahofisi emotokari kana kuti mamwe masangano ehurumende, nemhaka yeNational Voter Legabligial Act (NVRA). Bipartarisan Policy Center inopa zano rokuti kunyoresa kuvhota kwomunhu oga (AVR), uko kunonyoresa vagari vakakodzera kana vachishanda nemasangano ehurumende, kwakaratidza kuti kukwirira nokukosha uye kurura.

Vaongorori vanofanira kunyatsoongorora kuti vanyoresa sei vasati vapedza nguva yacho, kunyanya kana vatama, vachinja mazita, kana kuti vasina kuvhota musarudzo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi.

Kutsvakurudza Zvidzidzo Nenhau Dzacho

Kuvhota kwakagadzirwa kunoda kunzwisisa mahofisi, vada kutemwa, uye zviteshi. Nonpartisan avhota, zvakadai sezviya zvinobva kuChinzwano cheWomen Voters, zvinogovera mashoko edonzo. Chirango chamabhii(anowanika kubva mumahofisi esarudzo eruwa(anobvuma vavhoti kuti vasarudzei nokugadzirira. Nhau huru dzokunzvera dzinobatanidza nzvimbo dzezvirongwa, manyuko emari, uye pesvedzero yemitemo inokarakadzwa kana kuti gadziridzo dzamabumbiro emitemo. Marudzi emitemo nemirando yomunzvimbomo zvinofuratirwa kazhinji kazhinji dzinofuratirwa asi dzine miuyo inokosha panzanga.

Kunzwisisa Zvinoshandiswa Pakushandisa

Voter vanofanira kusimbisa mutoo wavachashandisa nawo(in-person, pakuvamba, kana kuti posi) uye vanodzidza mitemo yakananga. Nokuda kwekuvhota, ikoku kunobatanidza kuziva nzvimbo nemaawa enzvimbo yavo yokuvhotera, zvimiro zvinogamuchirika zvezivika (dzimwe nyika dzinoda idi yepictoid, dzimwe dzinogamuchira magwaro asingashandisi ), uye nzvimbo ipi neipi chaiyo nokuda kwavanhu vane urema. Kuvhota, vavhoti vanofanira kunzwisisa nzira yokupedza nayo zvakafanira bratsvuroti, kusaina, uye svitsa miganhuro inodzosera. Mitezo yePstmark inositi: mimwe inoda kuti shonge kugamuchirwa neZuvarosaro yokutumira vanhu vane urema nenguva pfupi pashure pezuva iroro uye vagamuchirwa mukati mazuva mashomanene.

Kukanda Mutambo: Chiito Chacho Pachacho

Kungava kuvhota munhu kana kuti kutumira tsamba, kukanda bhoti ibasa rokunyatsonyora rakaitirwa kuti pave nechakavanzika, kururama, uye kuchengeteka.

Mumatanho Okubudisa Mazaya

  • CK-in: Voter inoratidzira (kana kuchidikanwa) kumushandi wokuvhota. Mushandi wokuvhota anowana muvhoti mushopi yokunyoresa (kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nebhuku revhotera ramagetsi) uye anobudisa bhorati kana kuti kadhi rokuvhota.
  • Chiratidzo chamabharo: Mubato unovambira panzvimbo yakavanzika. Nokuda kwamapepa, muvhoti anoshandisa peni kuzadza miseve. nokuda kwemisengwa yeDRE, zvisarudzo zvinoitwa pagiramu retapu. Madhivhaisi okuratidzira (BMDS) anogona kubatsira kuvhota nezvinorema kupfurikidza nokugovera mashoko kana kuti zviwirirano zvounyanzvi.
  • Kuzviisa pasi kwemapepa: Mapepa apedzwa anoiswa mubhokisi rakanamirwa kana kuti anoiswa munzvero yemaziso. DRE inorekodwa pakombiyuta, uye michina yakawanda inodhinda chinyorwa chepepa nokuda kwouchapupu. Voters inokurudzirwa kuhwirudzura zvisarudzo zvavo vasati vapedza kunyora.
  • Ext: Muvhoti anodzorera bhokisi kana kuti anowana chibvumikiso chokuti vhoti yakaisirwa. Vashandi vanovhota vangapa “Ini] ndadhinda pepa rinonamirwa, asi ikoku ndokwokufananidzira.

Nhano Dzokufambisa Tsamba

  • risiti yeBallot:[[FT:1] Voter inogamuchira chikwama chebhorati mupositi, zvikurukuru chine blackot, hamvuropu yakavanzika, mvurororo yedzoke neaffidavit, uye miraidzo.
  • Kutsiva: . Voter inotara chivhoti muchivande, ichitevera miraidzo yose nokungwarira. Overvotes (anosarudza vanopfuura mumwe nokuda kwamakwikwi mamwe) anoderedza ukoshi hwemakwikwi; vhoti dzisina kunyorwa hadziverengerwi nokuda kwenhangemutange iyoyo.
  • [[FFLT:0] Explace: Broadot yapedzwa kuiswa muhamvuropu yakavanda (ichinge yashambadza munhu upi noupi kuona zvisarudzo). Imvuropu iyoyo inoiswa muhamvuropu yokudzosera. Muvhoti anoratidza hamvuropu yokudzosera affidavit; mune dzimwe nyika, chapupu kana kuti sigini inonyorwa inodikanwawo.
  • Dzororo: Mvuroro inodzoserwa kana kuti kuiswa mubhokisi rakachengeteka redonhwe pamberi penguva. Vadzori vanogona kunyora mugariro werota yavo kupfurikidza namahotera ehurumende(iyi inovaratidza risiti ndokuvanyevera kunhau dzipi nedzipi (sesitayina risipo).

Ita Kuverenga Kuchitangira Kukugadzira

Kana nguva yokuvhota yangopera bedzi, vakuru vakuru vesarudzo vanovamba muitiro wakaoma wokuverenga vhoti.

Kuunganidza Bharuti uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwekodzero Yokuchengetwa

Marobhoti ose (*kukandwa mumunhu, pakutanga, kana kuti neposi) anochengetedzwa ndokuendeswa kunzvimbo iri pakati pokuverenga. Mitemo yekodzero yokuchengeta mwana inonyorwa panhano iri yose, kazhinji kazhinji nezvidimbu, matanda, uye bipartarisan. Makamera echengeteko angatarira nzvimbo dzokuchengetera. Munzvimbo zhinji, zvigadzikiso zvemagetsi zvinochengetwa zvakavharwa, zvikavharwa pazvisingashandiswi.

Kusimbiswa Nokufambira Mberi

Mapepa okuvhota asati agona kuverengwa, vakuru vakuru vesarudzo vanofanira kubvumikisa uchokwadi hwawo:

  • Kusainwa kwouchokwadi: Nokuda kwemabhoroti eposi, vashandi vakarovedzwa vanoenzanisa siginicha pahamvuropu inodzorwa nechisaini chokunyoresa chomuvhoti kana kuti chinyorwa cheDMV. Mismatches dzinoiswa panzvimbo kuti dzirapirwe; vavhoti vanopinzwa kuti vapedze nhau yacho. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira kusaina kupfurikidza nesoftware inogadzirwa nekombiyuta inotarisirwa navanhu.
  • trapligtion: Mabhora akakuvadzwa kana kuti asina kufanira angada kudhindwa neboka rebipartaan pamabhora akachena kubvumira kutara. Ikoku kunofanira kuitwa nenzira ine repokujeka, kazhinji kazhinji navacherekedzi varipo.
  • Preftices: Svurosa, kudzika, uye kurongedza nenzvimbo. Mune dzimwe nyika, mahamvuropu anovhurwa uye mabhuroti anobviswa mazuva pamberi poMusi weIdzokusarudza; zvisinei, kuverenga chaiko kusingagoni kutanga kutozosvikira kuvhota kwava pedyo.

Nzira Dzokuchengetedza Nadzo

Mavhota anoverengwa achishandisa zvimwe zvirongwa zvemaoko kana kuti zvinoshandisa magetsi. Optical scanner mutoo wemagetsi unozivikanwa zvikurusa nejeni nejekiseni remagetsi. Michina yeDRE inovhota vhota zvoga mukati. Mamitengi epakati anoita mabhora ose panzvimbo imwe. Kuziviswa kwokururama kwetabhurasiti kunoitwa kupfurikidza nokufunga kwapamberi pekusarudza uye kuongorora zvakarurama, pamwe chete nezvinoongororwa papashure pekuvhotai.

Mashoko

Kana mucheto worukundo wakatetepa zvikuru (kazhinji kazhinji pasi pe 0.5% kana kuti chiverengero chakati chavavhoti), kurondedzera kunongoerekana kwaitwa. Zvikamu zvingakumbirawo kuratidzira. Zvitsauko zvinogona kuva bhuku remaoko (kuverenga mapepa) kana kuti muchina wakavakirwa (mapepa anodzokororwazve kupfurikidza nezvinwiwa). Kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemitemo inorondedzerwa, nongedzera kuNational Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) rondedzera shoo.

Zvirongwa Zvekusarudza Zvapashure: Mitemo, Zvibvumikiso, uye Zvinetso

Pashure pokuverenga kwokutanga, nhevedzano yemiitiro yapashure pokusarudza inosimbisa miuyo ndokupedza kusawirirana kupi nokupi. Iyi nhano inokosha nokuda kwechivimbo chavanhu uye mhedziso yapamutemo.

Mitemo

Kunzvera kwengozi (RLS) kuri kuva mupimo wendarama nokuda kwokunzvera miuyo yesarudzo. RLA nenzira yapachivande inoyera nhamba duku yetsororo ndokuenzanisa miuyo inoiswa mumaoko nehwerengedzo yemichina inoiswa mumichina. Kana kuverenga kwamaoko kuchiwirirana nomunhamba yemichina mumitemo yenhamba, mugumisiro wesarudzo unosimbiswa nechivimbo chikuru. Kana kusawirirana kunooneka, kuwanda kwekubatanidza mabhorati akawanda. Mitengo yakadai seColorado neVirginia yakapayona RLA. Vertified Foundation inogovera zviwanikwa zvakaisvonaka pamitengo yokuongorora uye ukoshi.

Kupiwa gwaro

Pashure pokunge mavhoti ose averengwa, arondedzerwa (kana zvichishanda), uye kuongororwa, sarudzo inopupurirwa nedare rakasarudzwa (sezvikurukuru, dare reruwa revagadziri vemitengi, munyori wehurumende, kana kuti dare resarudzo). Chibvumikiso chinozivisa nenzira yapamutemo vawiri vehurumende nehwerengedzo yezvirongwa zvegadziriro, mabhorati okunze, uye denho. Misiano yeCrekita inogadzwa nomutemo, zvikurukuru mavhiki akati pashure peZuva reSarudzo.

Kugadzirisa Zvinetso Nemakakatanwa

Miuyo yechisarudzo inogona kudenhwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yapamutemo. Masangano angaiswa pahwaro hwepomero dzenyengedzo dzenyengedzo, mhosho yokutungamirira, kana kuti kuputsa mutemo. Dare rinohwirudzura ufakazi uye rinogona kurondedzera, kunzverazve, kana kuti kunyange sarudzo itsva muzvinoitika zvakanyanyisa. Perero yetsika yokusarudza inotsamira pagadziriro yapamutemo yakasimba inowirirana nemhinduro inobhadharika nemhedziso. Brennan Center yeRugare rwaMado neSarudzo yakabudisa rondedzero huru pamusoro pechisarudzo chechisarudzo chevhiri.

mhedziso

Rwendo rwokuvhota kubva kupurani inovhota kuti ive yokupedzisira ibasa rakaoma, rakagadzirwa rakawanda rinoda kugadziriswa, kujeka, uye kuvimba navanhu vose. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe(chiratidzo, kunyoresa, kunyora, kunyora, uye kuongorora) chinodzivirira kuda kwevavhoti. Nokunzwisisa nhano idzi, vagari vemo vanova vapindi vakazviziva zvikuru uye vanogona kuva vatsigiri vari nani mukuvandudza marongedzerwo avo. Chimiro chedemocracy chinorarama kana kuti chinofa pachivimbo chavanhu chavanhu chayo, uye chivimbo ichocho chinotanga nomuitiro wokuvhotera wakajeka, unosvikika, uye wakachengeteka.