Kutenderera Kwemamiriro Okunze eJapan: Kuumba Kunoita Mitambo Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Nguva Yemberi Yorudzi Yemhoteredzo

Sezvo mubato wenyika wechishanu mukurusa wecarbon dioxide neG7 wezvemari zvinotsamira zvikuru pazvinocherwa, Japan inomira panzvimbo yakakomba mumugariro wayo wemhoteredzo. Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika enyika ndiwo magadzirirwo makuru edavidzo yawo kunjodzi yemamiriro okunze, kupa zviono zvakajeka zvinodzikamisa dzikamo yemari, chengeteko yesimba, uye chinzvimbo chemhoteredzo. Iyi kurukurirano inonzvera kuti masimba makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan ari kuzvimisa amene pachinjo yemamiriro okunze enzvimbo chazvo neRokrametic Democratic Par (LDP) kumapoka maduku anofambira mberi uye anoshora izvo mamiriro awo ezvinhu anoparira mano enyika kusvitsa 2050 echibvumirano checarbon.

Kufurira Kwenyika Kwematongerwe Enyika muJapan uye Kudzikamisa Kwemamiriro Okunze

Chifo cha 1955, gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan yakatsigirwa neLiberal Democratic Party inosarira. Masangano eIndaneti akatonga inenge nguva yose yapashure pehondo, kazhinji kazhinji muwirirano necentrist Komeito. Kudzora kweLDP kwakaita mamiriro ezvinhu anotsigira kuchinja kwemitemo, fariro dzesangano, uye tariro yezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu pamusoro pokuchinja kwokukurumidza kwezvivako. Masangano anoshora (jeka) akabatanidza Constigational Democratic Par (CDP), chiKomonisi yechikomonisiti yeJapan (JCP), Nippon Is non Kai, Reiwa Shinsenmi, uye Ddemocratic Par Party yeInter yavanhu (DFP).

Gadziriro yemamiriro okunze muJapan inoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana: nhaka yenjodzi yenyukireya ya2011 inonzi Fukushima Daiichi, iyo inovhara njodzi dzakawanda dzenyukireya dzenyika yacho; kutsamira kukuru pagasi rinonyungudutsa rakabva kune dzimwe nyika (LNG), marasha, uye mafuta; kukwegura kwevanhu vanodzvinyirira upfumi hwemadhimoni; uye kukurudzira kune simba kwezvokutengeserana kunodzivisa kuderedza kubatana kwematuro akakomba. Mapoka emato ezvematongerw enyika anoongorora kuoma uku ukuwo asi achibvuma kufurirwa nemhepo yepasi, pfungwa dzevoruzhinji, uye kuwedzera kwezviitiko zvemamiriro okunze emhepo akadai semadutunhu uye mapfutawave.

Kuongorora Kwokupedzisira Nzvimbo Dzakawanda Dzeboka

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) – Technological Pragmatism ine gear inononoka

LDP yakazvipira nenzira yakarongwa kuwana carbon pa2050 , nharidzano yakaziviswa napanguva iyeyo naPrime Yoshihide Suga muna October 2020. Zvisinei, kusvika kwebato kunoratidzirwa nokuda kwe “kuchinja kwapanyungunda” kupfurikidza nokuwedzera kupfurikidza nokuderedza kana kuti kuraira mitemo. LDP inotsigira mutengo unopfuuridzirwa mu carbon, kutora, uye kuisa (CUS), hydrogen neam cofifififififie mumor, uye manyukiteria enyukireya, kubatanidza mamorectives (M.)

Mubasa, LDP yakadzivisa madanho echitsama chemarasha anoiswa kunze kwezuva. Japan ichiri kuronga kuvaka nzvimbo itsva dzemagetsi dzinotsva nemarasha .Ndokwa 17 michina mitsva iri mupaipi(* uye yakatarisana netsoropodzo dzinobva kuInternational Energy Agency ne nevegotators nokuda kwokutsigira nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa marasha kunze kwenyika kupfurikidza namasangano ayo anotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Kubatanidza simba kwebato kunoisa zvipfuro zva 2030 nokuda kwechinangwa cha 3638% zvinomutsidzirwa, 202122%, uye yasara yezvo muwashi wamagetsi, mwero uyo vaongorori vazhinji vanokwirira havakwani kusvitsa chibvumirano cheSangano chekubereka chinenge 1.5.

Mapoka makuru aripo mukati meLDP. “mavara anowedzera”, akawiriraniswa namaindasitiri makuru sesimbi, simende, uye petrorochemical, vatsigiri nokuda kwokuchinja kwaidzorwa kunodzivirira zvinhu zviripo namabasa. Chinjo inokura“ "yakakura” inoiswa nemitezo miduku yeDiet uye dzvinyiriro inobva kubhizimisi yeKiidanren (iyo zvino inotsigira kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo inodzorwa kwechisimba), inopfuurira nokuda kwokumutsidzirazve kwoutsinye necarbon crinic. LDP’s 2023 GX Rasic inotanga [[FLT:] chirongwa cheP] chitsono chemikari yakapfurati yemari inopfuurirwa kupfuurira (matongerweinjini yemite yemitengo) inotookero yechamu yechapanyu yakato (200]) inopfuuni yakapfuuni yakapfuutsa .

Mubato unochengetawo chimiro chakasimba cheprocroclear, uchitsigira kutangazve kwemagwenya asina kugadzirwa pashure pekudziridzwa kwekotsekano pashure peshure peFukushima. Anenge 10 emagwenya anonyandura maopera 33 eJapan akatangwazve, asi mamwezve akatangazve kutarisana nechishoro chapamutemo nechomunzvimbomo. LDP inoona nyukireya sechinopa magetsi chakakomba kuti iwane zvose zviri zviviri decrobonzed nechengeteko yesimba (zvikurukurukuru pashure pokuvhozhozhozhozhokerwa kweUkraine yakadzongonyedza kutengeserana kwe ZNG.)

Constitution Democraticism Party (CDP) – Zvirongwa Zvinoda Kutongwa uye Mitemo yeChiratidzo-Framed

Mubato weJapan wetsoro hurusa wetsoro, CDP, yakaisa panzvimbo yenzvimbo yemamiriro okunze ane donzo guru. Muitiro wayo wapamutemo unoraira kusava netariravirira kwemarasha pakasvika 2050 nepfupi yepakati pe 60% yefodya inodzikiswa kubva pa2013 mwero inopfuudzwa na 2035 .

CDP inosimbisa ruramisiro inowirirana uye kuchinja bedzi, nepurogiramu dzokurovedza vashandi mumaindasitiri emichero, inotsigira dzimba dzesimba, uye inoita kuti kubvisa simba kusava nomutoro wevagari vemo unowana mari. CDP inotsigira mutero wecarbon wakabatanidzwa negadziriro yebhangi yecarbon, kunzvera kwakasimba zvikuru kwemabasa enzvimbo yeindasitiri, uye chikamu chezvicherwa zvemafuta (Z $8) (mubatanidzwa weJapan (mubatanidzwa wemadhora) wemadhora ane mabhiriyoni 20 000 000) gore negore. CDP inodzivisawo kukuramuranisa simba renyukireya, ichitendera kugadzirwa semuteshi inogadziridzwa.

Pasinei zvapo neiyi nzvimbo yakasimba, CDP yakatamburira kuputsa kubata kweLDP pasimba. Mujaho rakaderera ra2021 reimba, mubato wakawana zvigaro 96 kumaLDP’s 261. Mitemo yayo yemamiriro okunze, nepo yakakurumbira nevoruzhinji vaduku vomuguta, inorangarirwa nenzira yokupanikira nenzvimbo dzokumaruwa nenzvimbo dzeindasitiri dzinotya kuvhiringidzwa kwezvemari. Varwi vakatsvaka kuumba zvibvumirano zvakafara pamberi pekupesana nezvimwe mauto anoshora, asi misiano yomukati panhau dzakafanana nesimba renyukireya nechetural carbon itruction comprificial inoshayisa mashoko akaoma kunzwisisa.

Komeito – Bhiriji Rinoorora

Sezvinopesvedzera mukwanyina weLDP muduku chifo cha 1999, Komeito kupfurikidza nekuva nomwero nehana yenzanga. Yakavakirwa musangano reBuddha Soka Gakkai, mubato unosimbisa rugare, garikano yenzanga, uye tsinhirano yemhoteredzo. Chikuva chayo, nepo chine shungu duku kudarika CDP, chinosunda LDP kuchiito chakasimba zvikuru kupfuura chingaitika icho choga.

Komeito anotsigira nharidzano [[FLT: 0] 2050 yokusatora rutivi kwecarbon. Komeito anotarisira kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba, achifutunura simba rezuva nemhepo, uye kusimudzira “nzanga” nezvivako zvakasvibira. Mubato wave uri mutsigiri mukuru we 2025 Osaka World Expond kuti ishande sechikamu chemichina inochengetedza. Komeito yakadanwawo nokuda kwemari yakawanda nokuda kwemitengo yemba inochengeteka nemotokari dzemagetsi kugamuchirwa kwezuva, uye nokuda kwe padziro yemararass inodzivisa kupfupikisa kuraira chirambidzo chakaoma. Chikwata chacho chakaonekwawo muLD PPC 2023, chikabatanidza kugamuchirwa kwezvikamu zvemagadziro chamagaro chavanhu, zvinoratidzira mirangariro yavashandi. Koto yemato yemato.

Komeito inowanzotsigira simba renyukireya sechisarudzo chakaderera checarbon, asi rovedza ngwariro pakuwedzerazve pedyo nenharaunda dzinogarwa. Dare remhoteredzo rebato rakaraira nokuda kwemirau yakakomba yakakomba nekurukurirano yakajeka nenzanga dzomunzvimbomo. Nepo Komeito asingaiti muitiro wemamiriro okunze enzvimbo nenzira ine simba samamwe mapoka anoshora, basa raro rinokuita simba rinodenha reenderero mberi yewedzero mukati menhambo inotonga yeJapan.

Chikwata chechiKomonisiti cheJapan (JCP) – Radical Decarbon and transformation

JCP vatsigiri vezvirongwa zvokubvisa tsvina kukurusa uye kukurumidza pakati pemapati makuru. Chikuva chayo chinoda nhambo yakakwana kubva pazvinocherwa mumidziyo inoiswa muvhu panosvika 2030.(kubatanidza marasha, mafuta, uye gasi romusikirwo) nokudzimwa kwemiti yose yenyukireya panosvika 2025. JCP inoisa mufananidzo wesimba rinovakwazve pa 100% panosvika 2035, richitsigirwa nokutengwa kwesimba guru ravose mukuchengetedzwa, kukwidzwa kwemitevedzero, uye gadziriro dzesimba dzenzanga dzakafanira.

Chinjo yemamiriro okunze ebato senjodzi yehuzvinapfuma yebhizimisi, ichitaura kuti masangano makuru eJapan nesimba zvinodzivisa chinjo yakarurama. Zvikarakadzo zveJCP zvinobatanidza kushandisa simba renyika, kudzosera bvumirano yebatira pamwe yenyukireya yeJapan neU.S., uye kudzosera mari yehondo kupfuma yose inogadzirwa nemishonga yepeturu. JCP inoshora purofiti yose uye kuraira mutero papfuma yakanyanyisa kuti itsigire mamiriro okunze enzvimbo.

Nepo JCP ine zvigaro 10 bedzi muImba yaMamiriri inokwana 465, kuita kwayo kwokunze kune fariro inowedzera pakati pavavhoti vaduku namasangano emhoteredzo. Zvisinei, kuraira kwayo nokuda kwedavidzo yodokubuda yezvinocherwa muvhu inoiswa muzvinocherwa zvinocherwa kurangarirwa zvikuru sezvisingabviri mune zvemari nezvamatongerwe enyika, kuchiganhurira pesvedzero yazvo mugadziriro inoshanda.

Nippon Ishin kwete Kai – Fiscal Discipline and Thechnology Critical

Yakavakirwa zvikurukuru munharaunda yeKansai, Ishin (Japan Innovation Party) inoita chimiro chechika kana kuti chetsika chechikafu, cheprocretat pamamiriro okunze. Vatsigiri vanotsigira nharidzano 2050 yecarbon yeJapan yokusatora rutivi asi inosimbisa miuyo yezvokutengeserana, miitiro yemitengo, uye kusatora rutivi muruzivo rwemitengo yezvokugadzirwa kwe[[FLT]].Ishin inotsigira gadziriro yecarbon prime nescrosocial emhuri, kukurumidza kuiswa simba renyukireya (kubatanidza SMRs ne-genersss), uye kukura kwemitengo yehydroid.

Ishin anoshora kutsigirwa kwemitengo chaiyo sezuva rinogarwa, achiitirana nharo panzvimbo pezvo nokuda kwezvinonyandura zvinovanzirwa kuita basa uye zvitsva zvechikamu chakavanzika. Vapati vakaraira kuti vadzore musika wesimba kuti vabvumire vatsva vatengi ndokuderedza ndyiko. Nepo Ishin anobvuma kudikanwa kwokuderedza, uzivi hwavo hwemari hunoisa kukura nokukwikwidzana pakuderedza kwoutsi hwesimba. Vapapati vacho vanotora zvigaro 44, vachizviita zvokuwedzera kwechitatu muimba yakaderera uye mubiyamubatanidzwa weLDP.

Reiwa Shinsengumi – Ruramisiro Yemamiriro Okunze Nemafuta Anobuda

Yakavakwa muna 2019 neyaichimbova mutezo weCDP Taro Yamamoto, Reiwa Shinsengumi iboka rakabva nepopust rine mhoteredzo yakasimba. Chikuva chayo chomugariro wokunze chinobatanidza chirambidzo chakakwana pakuvakwa kwenzvimbo itsva yemarasha [, chikamu kubva pamiti yose yemarasha iripo panosvika 2030, carbon levy ye10 000 pat, uye “Garand , iyo ichaita mamirioni emabasa musimba rinomutsidzira, kugadzirwa kwavose, uye kudzorerwa kwemhoteredzo.

Mubato unoreverera kuita urombo hwesimba chinhu chikuru chinonetsa, achiisa magetsi okutanga kubva muzvingadzorwa zvemhuri dzinowana mari yakaderera. Reiwa Shinsengumi anotsigirawo chigaro chokudzora pamuchina wenyukireya uye kukura kwenyukireya mukati megumi ramakore anotevera. Nezvigaro zvakaderera zvitatu bedzi zveimba, boka racho rinobatira sechikamu chakabva kuruboshwe chinosunda kurukurirano yemiitiro kupfuura LDP-CDP.

Chikwata Chedemocratic Party for the People (DPFP) – Centrist Néarl - Relactive Pragmatism

DPFP, yakaumbwa neyaichimbova mitezo yeDemocratic Party yazvino yapamberi pedemocratic, inoita mutoo une mwero, wetechnocratic. Vatsigiri vanotsigira mix yezvinomutsidzirwa, nyukireya, uye simba rinopisa rakachena [ senzira chaiyoiyo inoenda ku 2050. Mitemo yeDPFP inoraira kusimbisa kushandiswa kwezvinogadzirwa nezvinochengeteka nokugamuchirwa kwavose, nepo inokwevera mhepo yegungwa nezuva rinotevedza denga.

DPFP inorumbidza muitiro wecarbon princing uyo wakajeka, newedzero yapashoma napashoma mumakore gumi anotevera, uye inosimbisa chengeteko yakatsiga nedzikamo inodhura. Mubato wacho une zvigaro 10 uye wakabatira pamwe neLDP pamabhirini akati emagetsi. Nepo isati iri mutambi mukuru, DPFPP inomirira nzvimbo ine mwero iyo inowanzoumba kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira muDiokeri yeJapan.

Gakava Rinokosha Remitemo Nenzvimbo Dzehondo Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika

Marara Akabuda: Rini uye Sei?

Japan inoramba iri imwe yenyika dzakabudirira zvikurusa dzinoshandisa marasha, dzine kambani dze 30% dzechizvarwa chamagetsi. LDP yakagadza “kukwira kwe 2030 nokuderera kwegore rayo” asi haina kuzvipira kuzuva rakazara. CDP neyamashaidhi dzinoda musi unopfuudzwa na2030, kududza IPCC paraces. Kukakavadzana pamusoro pemari: vamiriri vemarasha seFuki neNiigata kunotarisana nokurasikirwa nebasa, apo maindasitiri engarava nesimbi anopikisana kuti marasha anokosha nokuda kwamakwikwi. [FLT:] Kudzivisa kwemarasha kunorema kwemarasha kunonyanya muruwa [FLDPFP]

Carbon Pricing: ETS v. Carbon Tax

GLP inoronga GX inosuma gadziriro yokushambadza yokuzvidira yokushambadza. Ishini inotsigira mari yepetroli yecarbon yakatemwa nemitero yemakambani. Chisarudzo pakati pemitero neETS chinopesana zvikuru.

Simba renyukireya: Mushonga wemaruva unotangazve

Simba renyukireya rinokamura mapoka. LDP, Komeito, Ishin, uye DFP inorangarira nyukireya samanyuko akaderera anokosha anoiswa mufashoni. CDP ne JCP vanotsvaka nzvimbo, vachidudza ngozi dzekotsekano, tsvina isina kugadzirirwa, uye ndyiko dzakakwirira. Murangariro wePublic unoramba wakavhengana[, navagari vemo vazhinji vanorwisana narozve nharaunda dzomumaguta asi vanoigamuchira munharaunda dziri kure. Calculus inobatanidza kutengeswa kwenzvimbo pakati pezvipfuro zvemo zvemhepo, simba, uye kudzorwa kwezvidzokoro.

Kukura kwegirini kunopesana.

Tsika dzeLDP semukana wokukura kwedandemutande ($GX semutyairi wezvinotangwa, zvinotumirwa kunze kwenyika, uye kugadzirwa kwebasa mumabhatiri, hydrogen, uye motokari dzemagetsi. Mapati anosiiwa anopesana nouyu muchina wokugadzira zvinhu, achisimbisa kuti nzira dzinosimba dzinoda kuderedza simba rose neshandiro yezvinhu. JCP naReiwa Shinsengumi vanotsigira nokuda kwevhiki pfupi inoshanda, zvinhu zvavose pamusoro pezvishandiso zvavose, uye kuchekwa kukuru mundege nengarava.

Zvinetso Zvokuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze muJapan

Japan inotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvinopfuura mitsetse yebato. Nzvimbo yayo ine makomo negungwa rakadzika zvinoganhurirwa nemhepo yegungwa nemhepo yakatsiga iri pasi pemhenderekedzo. Chishoro chavose kumapurazi makuru ezuva chakakura pakati perwisano dzenyika. Group inoramba yave yakadzorwa pakati pekumabvazuva kwa50 Hz nemadokero (60 Hz), ichidzivisa kudzorerwazve. Njodzi ya 2011 yakakanganisa bhizimisi renyukireya, uye kudzokera kunzvimbo yapamberi peFukushima. Munguva ino, shongwe yezvoupfumi hweJapan, yave ichinonoka kuchinjira kumotokari yemagetsi yenyika yose, neToya uye mamwe masero anotsigira masero enyukireya.

Chimwe denho ndi[NHAU] yeInteria musangano. Michina yakadai seMETAI (Minstry of Economy, Trade and Industry) na MOE (Kuedza Nhaka yemhoteredzo) kazhinji kazhinji ine zvinhu zvinopesana , zvinoda bhizimisi nechengeteko yesimba, MOEE anofamba achimhanya nokuda kwemitemo yemhoteredzo yakasimba zvikuru. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika anofanira kufambisa aya mabhii anokwikwikwidza kuti ashandise muitiro wezvokubatanidza.

Mikana Yokutungamirira

Pasinei zvapo nemhinganidzo idzi, Japan ine simba rerevo. Inotungamirira muruzivo rwemasero emafuta , namakambani akadai seKawasaki Haymigh Industries naToyota kugadzira H2 motokari dzemotokari nemafuta. Japan mutungamiriri wenyika yose mu muchengeteko [panemic naMurata] uye ane mhepo huru inobvira, zvikurukuru turbines dzinoyangarasika dzinokodzera nokuda kwemvura dzayo dzakadzika. Gameia GXX, kana ichigona kugadzirwa zvakanaka, kugona kushandura maindasitiribhu.

Kukwira kwe misengwa yemambure-dereti inoparirawo nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwomuitiro woupengo mukuru. Keidan, yaichimbova ine utsinye kutsika yemamiriro okunze, zvino inotsigira mamiriro okunze nevavariro 2050. Vavengi vakuru vesangano seGPIF vakavamba kuisa ngozi yemamiriro okunze muhombe. Idzi dzvinyiriro dzose kuti dzisimbise zvikamu zvavo, zvikurukuru sechiito chekusimbisa mamirire okunze enzvimbo pabhokisi rebhoroti.

Nzira Iri Mberi: Mafungiro Ane Simba uye Okupa Mutemo

Sarudzo yakaderera inotevera iripo panosvika 2025, kunyange zvazvo kuparadzwa kwokukurumidza kuchibvira.

Masimba enzvimbo dzinogara dzinoda kugadzirwa mvura. Kana LDP irasikirwa neyayo yakawanda, ingamanikidzirwa kupinda mubatanidzwa wakafara naKomeito uye sezvinobvira Ishin kana kuti DPFP, iyo ingagona kusunda purogiramu inodzora kumitemo yezvemamiriro okunze akawanda. CDP yakabatanidzwa, kunyange zvazvo isingabviri munguva pfupi, ingakurumidzisa zvikuru decarbontion tragory yeJapan, kubatanidza diviti remarasha, kubatanidza diviti remove yerass necarbon prime.

Nguva yemberi yemamiriro okunze eJapan ichasarudzwa kuti ndeipi miuyo yezvigaro zvakaringanira zvebato kudzora. Mhete dzakakwirira: sezvo chimwe chezvoupfumi hukurusa hwenyika nezvinoitika zvenhau, zvisarudzo zveJapan zvichapesvedzera bhajeti yecarbon yenyika yose, misika yoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye kuvimbika kweParamende yeParis. Paramende dzezvamatongerwe enyika (8) pachadzinogarwa nefariro dzadzo dzezvemari, masvoreji, uye misengwa yetsika dzetsika (jere) ndizvo zvinoparira vatambi vakuru muiyi chinoitika chinopeta.