Zvematongerwe enyika zveJapan zvakaumbwa kare nokushanda kwedzvinyiriro dzemhuri nedenho dzamarudzi ose. Pakati pemasimba ane simba zvikurusa anoparira chinjo dzezvamatongerwe enyika pane kukakavadzana kwemiitiro yokumwe, uko kunogona kubatanidza mabato muzvinoparira kana kuti kuvhunika kwemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa mizhinji yepfungwa. Kunzwisisa kuti idzi nharo dzinopesvedzera sei nzvimbo dzeJapan kunokosha kunzwisiswa kudzoresa dzose dziri mbiri kudzora kwadzo kwemhuri uye basa radzo renyika yose. Nyaya ino inonzvera miitiro yokumwe inorwisana nayo neizvo inoreva kuchengeteka nokubatanidza kwemagariro eboka renyika nereshape, zvichinongedzera kunhau yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi neyazvino.

Kupararira Kwemakakatanwa Emitemo Yokumwe yeJapan

Gakava remitemo yokunze kweJapan hadzisi nharo dzisinganzwisisiki; inhau chaidzoidzo, dzine mativi akakwirira anotapura zvakananga kuzivikanwa kworudzi nechengeteko yemari. Kukakavadzana kunopfuurira uye kunokakavadzana kunobatanidza:

  • [[FORT:0] Kutaura kwechiito:[[FT:1] Maruwa eNorthern/Kuril Islands gakava neRussia, Senkaku/Diayu Islands neChina, uye Takeshima/Dokdo gakava neSouth Korea.
  • Kubatana kwoutsanana: Basa reU.S.-Japan Treaty Treaty, gakava pamusoro pemagariro ezvimene akabatana, uye ukama hweJapan neNATO uye gadziriro dzechengeteko dzomunharaunda.
  • [[FLT: 0] Trade neshata dzemari:[[FLT: 1] Kusadzikama kwezvokutengeserana kwebiteral, kakavadzano dzoudzori (kubatanidza idzo dzakatangwa neU.S. muudzori hweTrump), uye kutarisirwa kweketani mumhoteredzo inopomerwa nezvamatongerwe enyika.
  • Nhau dzemitemo nezivikanwo: Nzira iyo Japan inotaura nayo nguva yayo yakapfuura yehondo, kubatanidza shanyo dzapamutemo kuYasukuni Shrine, iyo inotambudza ukama neChina neSouth Korea uye inopesvedzera zvimiro zvokupandukira.

Imwe neimwe yeaya makakatanwa ine ukoshi hwakasiana - siana nokuda kwamapati ezvamatongerwe enyika akasiyana - siyana, uye kutama kwawo kunogona kuchinja nokukurumidza mumhinduro kuzvinoitika zvokunze zvakadai sokurovedzana kwehondo, mibatanidzwa yekurukurirano, kana kuti zvirango zvemari.

Kupesana Kunoita Mitemo Yokumwe Nemasangano Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Gakava remitemo yokumwe rinobatira sechinjo ine simba mukubatana kwebato namakwikwi. Kutapura kwaro kunogona kucherekedzwa mumitoo miviri yakafara: chinzwano chechinguvana mukati menjodzi uye kubatana kwenguva refu.

Zvikamu Zvakabatana Nebatira Pamwe Yepabumbiro

Apo Japan inotarisana netyisidziro yapanze kana kuti njodzi huru yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yenhau, mapoka ari mumativi anowanzotsigira nzvimbo yavose yorudzi. Iyi "kutenderera mureza" tapuro inoziviswa zvikurukuru mugakava renyika, umo vanhu vanokarira chimiro chakasimba, chakabatana. Somuenzaniso, mukati menhambo dzenyanduko huru paZvitsuwa zveSenkaku, zvose zviri zviviri chiremera cheLiberal Democratic Party (LDP) uye chishoro chikuru cheBumbiro reMitemo-mitemo DDEmocratic Party (CDP) zvakatsigira kutsigira kwouchangamire hwehurumende nokutsamira kwayo paU.S.

Batira pamwe yakadaro yebipartis inotambanukira kukushandiswa kwehondo kwazvino uno nokuzvidzivirira. LDP nomubiyayo wayo vakasundira nokuda kwebhajeti yokuzvidzivirira kunowedzera, uye nepo CDP yakatsigira kazhinji kazhinji kudziviswa kwemari yokuwedzera mukati menjodzi. Iyi nzira inoratidzira bvumirano yakasimba yokuti Japan inofanira kudzivirira perero yayo yenzvimbo ndokuchengeta batano yayo neUnited States.

Kupesana Nokuparadzana

Pasinei zvapo nenguva dzechinzwano, kukakavadzana kwemiitiro yokumwe kunowanzofumura nokudzika mikaha yepfungwa pakati pemapoka. Chikamu chikuru chemapoka chakavakirwa pamwero wekukurukurirana kwemanzwiro okusabvumirana, pamwe chete nokusvika pakuyananisa kwenhau. Kupesana kukuru kunobatanidza:

  • Vatsigiri verudzi (mutoo, mapoka mukati meLDP, Japan Innovation Party) vanotsigira nokuda kwehondo yakasimba zvikuru, gadziridzo yeChikamu 9 chebumbiro remitemo, uye chimiro chakaoma zvikuru pakutaura kwenzvimbo.
  • Mitemo inosimbisa mipimo yetsika (umh., Komeito, mimwe mitezo yeLDP) inorangarira mubatanidzwa weU.S. asi inosimbisa kuvimbisana kwemibatanidzwa yezvemari uye kuwirirana kwezvemari, zvikurukuru neChina.
  • Mapati anofambira mberi/anobva kuruboshwe-refu (mutoo, CDP, Japanian Communist Party) anoitirana nharo nokuda kwomuitiro wokumwe wokusada kurwisana, kuomerera kwakakomba kuChikamu 9, uye mutoo wakawanda uyo unorangarira kuti U.S. inotsigira gadziriro yeSangano reChibatanwa chaMarudzi nebatira pamwe yenharaunda.

Kusvetuka uku kunogona kudzivisa kuumbwa kwemibatanidzwa mirefu, kunyange munguva yenjodzi. Somuenzaniso, apo hurumende yeLDP yakatanga kutsanangurazve bumbiro remitemo kuti ibvumire boka kuzvibatanidza muna 2014, mapoka anoshora akabatana pairi, asi kubatana kwavo kwakanga kusina kusimba nemhaka yokuti CDP naJCP vaiva nezviono zvakasiyana zvikuru zvenzvimbo yokuzvidzivirira yeJapan. Mugumisiro wacho wakanga uri kumira kwemitemo kwakakurumbira kwemasangano emitemo anoumbazve masangano echikwata negadziriro dzevhoti.

Kuchinja Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokugarisa

Gakava remitemo yokunze rinogonawo kuva nekakavadzano, sezvo mabato anokamurana kana kuti kubatanidza nheyo huru dzemitemo yokumwe. Muenzaniso unoshamisa zvikurusa wemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi kuumbwa kweCDP muna 2017, iyo yakaunganidza yaichimbova mitezo yeDemocratic Party, zvimiriri, uye kunyange vaparadzi kubva kuLDP yaishora Prime Minister Shinzo Abeo's reconficistsm nokubata kwake nhau dzenhau. Nenzira yakafanana, kumuka kweJapan Innovation Party, iyo inotsigira mutemo wokumwe wevoruzhinji wenyika inopesvedzera, yakabvisa PDP kubva kujinga kworudyi rweLDP, kusimudzira PDP kutsigira zvikwanikiso zvayo zvenyika kuti ichengetedze nhau dzayo.

Kutaurirana kwechiKomeito kunopesvedzerwawo zvikuru nokuwirirana kwomuitiro wokumwe. Chibvumirano cheLDP-Komeito chakatsungirira kwamakumi amakore nemhaka yokuti chimiro chaKomeito chine mwero pachengeteko nebatano dzacho dzakasimba kusangano reSoka Gakai Buddhis chinogovera bhirina kumufananidzo wevavhoti venyika inorwisana nehondo, kubvisa kuva mutsigiri wevhoti wenyika. Zvisinei, uyu mubatanidzwa wakanetswa apo LDP yakatsikirira nokuda kwemirairo yemitemo yehondo yakawanda. Mukupesana, kuedza kuumba mubatanidzwa mukuru unorwisana wakundikana wakundikanazve nemhaka yemisiano misiyano yezve pamuitiro wokumwe, zvikurukuru yemauto eU.S.

Kudzidza Nyaya: Zvitsuwa zveSenkaku Zvinopikisana Neboka Rine Simba

Senkaku Islands inopa muenzanisiro wakajeka wenzira iyo muitiro wokunze unogona kubatanidza nokukamuranisa mapoka eJapan. Apo hurumende yeJapan yakabatanidza zvitsuwa zvitatu muna 2012, ichimutsa kutsutsumwa kukuru muChina uye kuderera kwoukama hwezvipfuro, LDP namapoka mazhinjisa anoshora akatsigira kutaura kwehurumende kwouchangamire. Chinoitika chacho chakakurawo mapoka: LDP yakashandisa njodzi kukwidziridza chimiro chakasimba chekuchengeteka munguva dzezvikepeto, apo CDP naJCP yakatsoropodza hurumende nokuda kwokushatisa mugariro wacho uye yakadana nokuda kwokusarira uchangamire.

Gakava razova muedzo wevavhoti. Mapati anoshandisa nzira yakaoma pazvitsuwa anowanzokwezva vavhoti, nepo avo vanosimbisa kutaura nezvibvumirano vachifadza vakawanda, vavhota vemarudzi ose. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, kunyange mukati meLDP, mave mune nharo dzomukati pamusoro pokuti zvitsuwa zvingashandiswa nokuda kwerovedzo yehondo yeU.S., chiito chaizowedzera kusawirirana. Uku kutyoka kwomukati kunoratidza denho huru yokudzikamisa rudado rwenyika nedikanwo inoshanda yeukama hweChina, shamwari hurusaimba yokushambadza yeJapan.

Gakava reSenkaku rinopesvedzerawo nhamba dzemhiko. Somuenzaniso, boka reKomeito pane dzimwe nguva rakashanda seburi rezvikarakadzo zveLDP kukudza kuvapo kwehondo pedyo nezvitsuwa, vachiitirana nharo panzvimbo pezvo nokuda kwematanho okuvaka chivimbo. Iri simba rakabetsera kuchengeta dzikamo inotonga, asi rinosimbisawo muitiro wokumwe wokudzikamisa mubato unotofanira kuitwa navatungamiriri vebato.

Dzimwe Nzvimbo Dzokumwe Dzinoonesa Zvezvamatongerwe Enyika Netapuro Dzadzo Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika

Maruwa Okuchamhembe Anorwisana neRussia

Gakava rakapfuvura rapakarepo pamusoro pezvitsuwa zveKuril rave riri manyuko ezvibvumirano zvebupartishashishi muJapan, namapoka ose makuru achitsigira nharidzano yokudzokera zvitsuwa. Zvisinei, kuvhozhokera kwa2022 kweRussia kwakabvisa calculus. Hurumende yeLDP pasi poMutungamiriri Ferial Fumio Kishida yakaiswa zvirango paRussia uye yakaregeredza kubatira pamwe kwezvemari zvine chokuita negakava renyika. Nepo mapoka anoshora zvikuru matanho aya, mamwe mapoka akasiiwa akapanikira kubudirira kwezvirango uye anorevedzera nokuda kwokuchengeta kurukurirano. Kukakava zvino kukakava kunopesana nemibvunzo yakakomba yesimba reJapan (Rsia ndiyo inopa magetsi inopa dziviriro) uye chimiro chayo mukuita zvivako chitsva pakati pezvirongwa zvokuchengeteko.

Kutengeserana uye US - Japan Relations

Gakava remiitiro yokunze hakuna kuganhurirwa kuchengeteko. Rwisano dzezvokutengeserana, zvikurukuru idzo dzakatangwa neUnited States, dzakava nebvumirano dzenhau dzakagadziriswa dzebato reJapan. Muma 1980 na 1990, rwisano dzokushambadzira motokari navezvokufambisa zvikatungamirira kumapoka pakati pamaindasitiri okusiiwa kwedzimwe nyika (kazhinji kazhinji achitsigirwa neLDP) uye matandi ane chokuita neveimba (anotsigira nemapoka anoshora). Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, bvumirano yebhizimisi yeU.S.S-Japan mugadziriro yeTRUMP yakamanikidzira P kudzikamisa mamiriro ayo ezvinhu okurima okunze emone neAmerica, mamiriro ezvinhu epaimba aidzo dzinoshandiswa nedare reruwa.

Gakava rezvokutengeserana rinowiriranawo nekurukurirano dzechengeteko. Zvikamu zvinoda mubatanidzwa wakasimba weU.S. zvingava zvisingadi kutsoropodza muitiro wokushambadza weAmerica, nepo avo vanosimudzira mutemo wokumwe wakazvimirira zvikuru vanoshandisa rwisano yezvokutengeserana kushandisa rwisano yezvokutengeserana kuti vakwidziridze masangano ezvemari eJapan. Kukwikwidzana pamusoro peComprehensive and Progrective for Trans-Pacificial interalinistration (CP) neConce Comprecesive Economic eneralication (RCEP) zvakaona zvibvumirano zvemariat zvakatarisana nezviono zvenguva yemberi yemari yeJapan.

Kuyananiswa Kwenhau Neukama Hwenharaunda

Kushatiswa pamusoro peyeuko dzehondo uye kukumbira ruregerero kunoramba kwakasimba mune zvamatongerwe enyika. Bapiro reLDP risingachinji, rinowanzobatanidzwa naAbe aichimbova Mutungamiriri weHurumende, rakasundira nokuda kwenhau yokutsigira nyika yakawanda, kubatanidza shanyo kuYasukuni Shrine, iyo inokurisa ukama neChina neSouth Korea. Mapoka anoshora, zvikurukuru CDP neJCP, akatsoropodza nguva dzose izvi zviito uye akadana nokuda kwekusvika kwokupfidza zvikuru.

Makakatanwa aya enhau anokanganisa kubatana. Somuenzaniso, mumakore achangopfuura 2015 paikurukurwa mutemo wekuchengetedza, mapoka anopikisa akabvumirana kuti panofanira kuva nechido chokudzivisa kuchinja kwemasangano ezvourudzi mune dzimwe nyika, kunyange zvazvo vaisabvumirana padzimwe nhau dzakawanda. Nenzira yakafanana, JCP yakachinjira kukuva nechimiro chetsika chepakati nepakati paUnited States nemhaka yechido chokubatana nechibvumikiso chikuru chinorwisana neLDP's renhau.

Migumisiro Yakanaka Yemakakatanwa Emitemo Yokumwe

Gakava remitemo yokumwe haringotapuri bedzi vanhu vakatanhamara vebato; rinoumbawo muitiro wokuvhota uye zvirongwa zvebato pabhokisi rebhoti.

  • [[FLT: 0] Itssue surece: Apo njodzi yomuitiro wokumwe inodzora kufukidzwa kwenhau, inogona kusimudzira chengeteko neperero yenharaunda senhau dzokuvhota dzakakwirira, dzichibetsera vakwikwidzani vanozivikanwa sevakasimba mudziviriro.
  • Commentauter polation: Mapati anoshandisa muitiro wokumwe kuunganidza nzvimbo yawo. Masangano eRevolution anowana tsigiro pakati pavavhoti vanonzwa vachityisidzirwa neChina kana kuti Russia, nepo mapoka anodzivisa hondo achifadza avo vanotya uto.
  • Mikana yekakamu kane: Mifungo inoramba kuti mitsetse yegamuchidzanwa inogona kuzarura nzvimbo nokuda kwemapati matsva. Japan Innovation Party, somuenzaniso, inokwezva vavhoti avo vane rupo mune zvemari asi vasingadzoreki pamuitiro wokumwe(a mubatanidzwa usati uchimirira LDP kana CDP zvizere.

Gadziriro dzesarudzo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi muJapan dzakaratidza kuti muitiro wokumwe unogona kufambisa mavhota. Mukusarudza kukuru kwa2021, LDP yakatsigira zvikuru chimiro chayo chakasimba mukurwisana neChina uye mubatanidzwa wayo weU.S., izvo zvakaibetsera kuchengeta voruzhinji vakanaka. Munguva ino, CDP yakaedza kuzvisiyanisa kupfurikidza nokusimbisa kukurukurirana nekurukurirano asi yakatamburira kuwana goverano pakati peitiro hanya yavose yakakura pamusoro pechengeteko. Mune 20222 com, nhau yokugadziridza kwemitemo uye kuzviisa pasi peboka yakaparadzanisazve chishoro, ichibvumira PDP-Komito chibvumirano kuti iwine zvakanaka.

Kunetsa Nguva Yemberi Yezvamatongerwe Enyika yeJapan

Miitiro inoverengeka inoratidza kuti muitiro wokumwe ucharamba uri chinhu chikuru chinonetsa:

  • Makwikwi makurusasa: Kuwedzera kwemakwikwi eU.S. kumanikidza mapoka eJapan kuti atore nzvimbo dzakajeka pakurongeka. LDP iri seri kweU.S., nepo CDP yakadana nokuda kweimwe rondedzero yakajeka "kuronga" nzira. Iyi frigrgence ingagona kuita kuti kukurukura kwomunguva yemberi kuve kwakaoma zvikuru.
  • gadziridzo yeConstituanical: Kugombedzera kwokupfuurira kuhwirudzura Chikamu 9 kunoramba kuri chiratidzo. Nzvero ipi neipi pakudzokororwa sezvingabvira ichaputsa chishoro uye ingadzvinyirira mubatanidzwa weLDP-Komeito, sezvo Komeito ave achitya munhau kurega reginetic register.
  • Kuchengeteka kwezvemari: Nhaka dzakadai sekubvisa ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kudzorwa kwokusiiwa, uye kugovera zviri kuva zvitsigiso zvenhevedzano zvehondo dzokunze. Mapati achafanira kudzikamisa nhevedzano yekubudirira kwezvemari nengozi yejiyoni nerezvamatongerwe enyika, kuchiparira nzvimbo itsva dzekusawirirana.
  • Chinjo yeChizvarwa: Vavhoti vaduku muJapan vanokombamira kuva vatsigiri vamarudzi ose zvikuru uye vanobatanidzwa zvishoma kugadziriro dzemiitiro yokunze kweHondo Youmhizha. Sezvo vanova mugove mukuru wevavhoti, mapoka angada kuchinja zvikamu zvavo zvemiitiro yokumwe, zvinobvira kugadzira nzvimbo nokuda kwemibatanidzwa mitsva.

Muchidimbu, kakavadzano dzemiitiro dzokunze isimba rinochinja mubato reJapan. Vanogona kuumba chinzwano mukutarisana nedzvinyiriro yokunze asi kungoputsa bedzi zvisungo zviripo apo nheyo dzapakuvamba dzinobonderana. Mapato eJapan haasi vateveri vasingaiti vemitemo yakagadzwa yokumwe; vanoshandisa nokushingaira idzi nharo kuti vazviise vamene, vakwikwikwidzanidze. Vacherekedzi vanonangirira bedzi pamatongerwe enyika emhuri yeJapan vanorasikirwa nourefu hunooma: chimiro chenyika yose iri yose iri mbiri yekurukurirano dzayo yomukati uye mutyairi wadzo wadzo.

mhedziso

Gakava remitemo yokumwe harisi renhau dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzeJapan; nderehwaro kunzwisiswa kuti masangano anoumbwa sei, anokwikwidzana, uye anotonga. Kubva pakutaura kwenzvimbo kuti ichengetedzei nokusawirirana kwezvokutengeserana, idzi nharo dzinoshanda sezvikonzero zvebatira pamwe nerwisano zvakafanana. Zvitsuwa zveSenkaku Islands, nhau dzeNorthern Producagees, uye kurukurirano dzenhau dzeyananiso zvose zvinoratidzira kuti muitiro wokumwe unogona kubatanidza mapoka mukati menjodzi asi unoitawo mapoka asingagumi ayo anochinja nyika yezvamatongerwe enyika. Japan sezvainofambisa mhoteredzo yenyika inongoipana kurwisana kwemiitiro yedzimwe nyika nepati zvichava bedzi zvakaoma zvikuru, kuumba chinhu chiri chose kubva muzvokudya zvinoshanda kuti chikwane chokuita norudzi. Munhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa nguva yemberi yeJapan, kufuratira magakava ezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kurava kwakawedzera:[ Conucil on Foreign Relations - Senkaku Islands Dispute ] bulungi- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .