Kutanga Kuwana Simba Rehurumende

Kukamukana kwechiremera pakati pehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, dzehurumende, uye dzehurumende kunoumba mavambo okutonga kweAmerica. Ichi chivako chakanangidzirwa, chinozivikanwa sechibvumirano chehurumende, chakarongedzerwa kudzivisa chinhu chipi nechipi kuva chine simba zvikuru nepo chichivimbisa kuti mabasa avose anoramba ari pedyo navanhu vaanobatira. Nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzisi, kunzwisisa iyi gadziriro yesimba inokosha kukunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei, inosimbiswa, uye inochinjirwa munyika yose. Bumbiro reMitemo rinogovera gadziriro yenheyo, asi mazana amakore okushandisa, matare, uye gadziridzo dzemitemo zvakaumba ukama hune simba hwatinoona nhasi.

Simba Rinogoverana Rinoitwa Pabumbiro Remitemo

Bumbiro reMitemo rinosimbisa gadziriro yehurumende inoronga zvakajeka masimba ehurumende yorudzi nepo ichichengeta mamwe masimba ose kuhurumende. Uku kuparadzana hakusati kuri kwakakwana(kurova maoko) uye kubatana kuchiita ruwara rwakaoma urwo runoda kukurukurirana nokubatira pamwe. Hurumende yeHendement inosimbisa nheyo iyi: "Masimba asina kupiwa United States neBumbiro remitemo, kana kuti anorambidzwa neUnited States, anochengeterwa kuUnited States, kana kuti vanhu." Iyi mhedziso inheyo yapamutemo yechiremera chehurumende uye inoganhurirwa kusvika kwesimba rehurumende.

Asimbiswa, Akashandiswa, uye Masimba Akachengetwa

Marudzi matatu anorondedzera ukuru hwechiremera chehurumende. Nhamba] ndiayo akanyorwa zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo, akadai sesimba rokuzivisa hondo, anodzora kutengeserana kwenyika, uye mari yemari. masimba anoshandiswa anotora kubva kuMasimba anodiwa naFanet Claus (I, Chikamu 8), chinobvumira Congress kuti pave mitemo iri "inodikanwa uye yakafanira" yokuita mabasa ayo akarongwa. Somuenzaniso, kusikwa kweFederal Reserve System kwakaruramiswa sesimba rinoratidzirwa rokutarisira mari nechikwereti. [FOct:] masimba anodiwa [[FOct4] , Chikamu 8).[FOT] Chikamu 8) Chinobvumira kuti chive chisarumbiso chisaidzo chaidzodzodzodzodzodzodzodzo mumitese.

Masimba Ehurumende Akabudirira Zvakadzama

Hurumende yehurumende ine chiremera chikuru pamusoro penhau dzinotapura rudzi rwose. Kupfuura masimba mashanu akakomba akarongwa munyaya yapakuvamba, mitoro inoverengeka yokuwedzera inoshanda muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Congress inogona kutora mitero yezvevy, kukwereta mari, uye kutanga mutemo mumwe wokuita zvinhu. Bazu guru rinodzika mitemo yehurumende uye rinoita muitiro wokumwe, nepo judicariary inotsanangura Mutemo wemitemo yemitemo yehurumende nekakavara pakati pehurumende nehurumende. Masangano ehurumende akadai seInvironmental Protection Agemental (EPA) uye Dhipatimendi rezvemari yezveutano (HS) anoshandisa mitemo inogadza mipimo yepasi pose pamusoro pomugariro wakaisvonaka, zvokudya, uye chengeteko yeutano.

Kufurwa Nekusunungurwa

Chikamu VI cheBumbiro reMitemo chine Supremacy Claus, icho chinozivisa kuti mutemo wehurumende i "mutemo wenyika inodzorwa" apo mitemo yehurumende kana kuti yomunzvimbomo inorwisana nemirau kana kuti mirau yehurumende, mutemo wehurumende unowanzokurira(a rekusunungurwa). Somuenzaniso, EPel Air Act inobvumira EPA kuti iise mipimo yenyika, uye nyika dzingasagamuchira miganhu mirengwano yakaoma zvikuru kupfuura yemubatanidzwa, seizvo California yakaita nokubudisa motokari pasi pechinopa. Uku kuoma pakati poukuru hwehurumende nenzvero yehurumende ndiwo musoro unodzokororwazverwa muAmerica.

Mitongo inokosha yeDare gurusa yakarondedzera miganhu yesimba rehurumende. Mu MCULLOch v. Maryland (1819), Dare rakatsigira kudzorwa kwemitemo yeChipiri cheBanki reUnited States ndokuparadza mutero pabhangi, kusimbisa ukuru hwehurumende. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, NFIB v. Sebelius [202] Chikamu cheHurumende chakaganhurira simba reChambe cheChambery Claussmake kupfurikidza nokutonga kuti murairo womunhu oga weAfford Carect Act Act haungagoni kururamiswa somutezo wokutengeserana wokutengeserana wapakati pokutengeserana, kunyange zvazvo zvakatsigirwa somutero. Izvi zvino zvisarudzodzodzodzodzo dzinoramba dzichidzokororwa.

Masimba eHurumende neAutonomy

Hurumende dzine chiremera chakafara pamusoro pemativi mazhinjisa oupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kubatanidza utano hwavanhu vose, chengeteko, dzidzo, zvokufambisa, uye mutemo wemhuri. Simba ramapurisa rokugara nhaka rokudzora garikano yavose.(*) rinobvumira kupfuudza mitemo pachinhu chiri chose kubva pamitemo yokuvaka kusvikira kuidzoro yenyanzvi. Hurumende dzinotarisirawo gadziriro dzadzo dzimene dzedare, migwagwa mikuru, uye masangano emitemo. Nemhaka yokuti Bumbiro remitemo haridurudzo aya masimba, rinoachengeta kwenguva refu kwazvo sezvadzisingapunzi mutemo womubatanidzwa kana kuti kodzero dzamatongerwe.

Mitemo yeHurumende Nebasa Rayo

Hurumende imwe neimwe ine bumbiro rayo amene, iro ringapa maruramiro okuwedzera nedziviriro kupfuura izvo zviri muBumbiro reMitemo reU. Somuenzaniso, mamwe mabumbiro emitemo anodzivirira zvakajeka maruramiro emhoteredzo kana kuti anoraira kupiwa mari yakaenzana nokuda kwedzidzo yavose. Aya magwaro anogadzawo gadziriro yehurumende yehurumende . Nenzira yakatanhamara bazu rinotungamirira kutungamirirwa nagavhuna, mutezo wemitemo (kunze kweNebraska, iyo iri isina kumira), uye hurumende yehurumende inogona kugadziriswa zviri nyore zvikuru kupfuura Bumbiro remitemo, achibvumira nyika kuchinjika mamiriro ezvinhu kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvehurumende uye kunongedzera kumitemo.

Ukama Hwokubatana Nezvakanakira Kutenda Kwakazara Nechikwereti

Chikamu IV cheBumbiro reMitemo chinoda nyika kukudza mabasa avose, zvinyorwa, uye zviito zvokutonga zvedzimwe nyika `inheyo inozivikanwa se "kutenda kwakazara nechikwereti". Ikoku kunoreva rezinesi reroorano rakabudiswa munyika imwe inozivikanwa munyika dzose, uye rutongeso rwedare kubva kune imwe nyika runogona kumanikidzirwa mune imwe. Mitemo inopinda mumibatanidzwa yehurumende kuti ipedze zvinetso zvakadai sekodzero dzemvura, mikoto yezvifambiso, uye kuderera kwoutsotsi. Somuenzaniso, Port Authority of New York neNew Jersey isangano guru rinobatira, migero, uye makwikwidzano endege anoyambuka mitsetse yehurumende.

Masimba eHurumende Yomunzvimbomo: Chiyero Chapedyo Kwavari

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo ($[FLT: 0]]] , matura, mataundikishi, uye maruwa chaiwo zvinogoverwa nehurumende. Kusafanana neukama hwehurumende yenyika, iyo iri imwe youchangamire, ukama hwenzvimbo yakavakirwa pamutemo wehurumende. Munsi [[FLT: 0]] Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzine masimba iwayo bedzi anopiwa nehurumende, anorehwa kubva kune yaakapiwa, kana kuti kuri madikanwa kuita madonzo adzo. Zvisinei, mifungo mizhinji yakagamuchira mutemo wehurumende [[[FLT:]] Gadziro dzinopa hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kudzora zvinhu zvadzoka, kubatanidza mano okuita mitongo panzvimbo, mitero yavose, uye pasina kudzivirirwa kwehurumende nokuda kwechiito chimwe nechimwe.

Masangano aMabhazi uye Utongi Hwemataundi

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinogovera mabasa anokosha anotapura zvakananga kunaka kwoupenyu hwavagari vemo. Anobatanidza mapurisa nemirazvo yomoto, kuunganidzwa kwemarasha, kugoverwa kwemvura, mapaki nevaraidzo, maraibhurari avose, uye kugadziriswa kwemigwagwa yomunzvimbomo. Mayars, madare eguta, uye vakuru vakuru veruwa vanoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pokushandisa nyika kupfurikidza nemirau yokuronga nzvimbo, kuvaka mvumo, uye kuronga bhajeti yemari yomunharaunda. Mumaguta makuru, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoshandisawo gadziriro dzezvokufambisa vanhu, ndege, uye nzvimbo dzekokorodzano. Chinetso chavakurudziro chavakuru vemo vari kuenzanisa zvinodikanwa zvenzvimbo inosimuchadenga, zvokukwegura, uye kukwegura kwezvirongwa zvenzvimbo nenzvimbo zvehurumende nezvinodzokorodzadzoro dzenzanga.

Maruwa Chaiwo uye Zvibvumirano Zvenzvimbo Yacho

Kupfuura hurumende dzine chinangwa, zviuru zvemaruwa chaiwo zvinopa mabasa akadai semvura, tsvina inodziyisa moto, uye dzidzo yezvikoro. Maruwa ezvikoro muenzaniso wakanyanya kuzivikanwa, nematare anosarudzwa anogadza zvidzidzo nemitero. Zvibvumirano zvenzvimbo iri pedyo zvinobvumira hurumende dziri pedyo kubatira pamwe paminamato yakadai sekutumira kana kuti kuronga nzvimbo, kugadzira madhingindindindindindindi. Zvirongwa izvi zvinoshandira pamwe zvinobatanidza mari kuti zvigogona kukurukura sei zvinetso pasina kubatana nechiremera chakakwirira chehurumende.

Kushandira Pamwe: Kushanda Pamwe Chete Nokuda Kwenharidzano Dzakagoveranwa

Kofesitive yehurumende, inonziwo "marble-cakeism," inorondedzera ukama hwakabatanidzwa umo hurumende yehurumende, hurumende, uye yemo dzinobatira pamwe panzvimbo dzemiitiro iyo yakagura mitsetse yehurumende. Iyi muenzaniso wakava wakatanhamara mukati meNew Deal neGreat Society Era, apo hurumende yehurumende yakavamba kushandisa mari yemari yokukurudzira chiito chehurumende munharaunda dzakadai sechivakwa kwemugwagwa mukuru, dzidzo yemibato, uye utano hwavanhu. Nhasi, hurumende inobatira pamwe inooneka mupurogiramu yakadai seMedid·a programu yemission-state youtano yeUnited States yeFegency Emetername Agency (FMA).

Marudzi Evaimbi Vemari

Hurumende yehurumende inoshandisa marudzi makuru maviri ezvipo kupesvedzero yehurumende nomunzvimbomo. Zvipo zvemasangano zvinoiswa nokuda kwezvinangwa chaizvo, zvakadai sokuvaka mugwagwa mutsva kana kuti kuvandudza gadziriro dzezvokudya zvechikoro, kazhinji kazhinji zvine migariro mikuru yakasungirwa. ganhuriro dzinopa mari [[ inopa mari yakawanda nokuda kwenzvimbo dzose dzakafanana nokubudirira kwenzanga kana kuti mabasa enzanga, inopa uchenjeri hukuru pamashandisirwe emari. Dzinza pakati peaya marudzi anopa mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja nguva, kurangarira pamusoro pokuchinjika kwehurumende nokuzvidavirira kwomubatanidzwa. Somuenzaniso, purogiramu yechinguvana yezvinodikanwa zvebetsero zvegariko neyamuro yapa purogiramu dzegarikano neyamuro yemari pamusoro pezvikamu zvakapa migove zvakapfuwo zva 1990, uye zvinodaro.

Kugamuchira Ngwavaira Nokupindirana Kwehurumende

Njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzakadai semadutu, njodzi dzinopisa, uye zvirwere zvinooneka zvinoratidza kudiwa kwekushandira pamwe kwehurumende. Kana njodzi yaitika, hurumende dzoga dzinotanga kupindura, asi dzinoda nokukurumidza mari dzehurumende uye kutsigira kwehurumende. Hurumende yeStafford Act inodzora nzira inobatsira nayo, kubva payamuro yekurumidziro kusvika kumari yokunaya. Nhenda yeCHOVAD-19 yakaedza ukama uhwu sezvo hurumende dzakaita matanho outano hwehurumende aigovera mushonga neyamuro yemari. Kubatsirana kunoda mitsetse yakajeka, zvibvumirano zvokuyamurana, uye mitemo yokubatsirana, zvibvumirano zvokukurumidza kugadziriswa kwemari inoramba iripo kuti irambe iripo nokuda kwemasangano okutarisira njodzi.

Kusawirirana Pakati Pezvinzvimbo zvehurumende Nezvavanoda

Kusawirirana pakati pehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende, dzehurumende, uye dzomunzvimbomo dzinopiwa ganhuriro dzisingadzivisiki nenzvimbo dzakasiana- siana dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Rwisano dzinowanzomuka munharaunda dzakadai semurayiro wemhoteredzo, umo hurumende dzingadzivisa murairo wehurumende, kana kuti kuchengetwa kwokutama, umo dzimwe nharaunda dzinogamuchira "mitemo yokusasarura" inoganhurira batira pamwe nezviremera zvomubatanidzwa. Nyika inoshandisa gakava rinogona kuparira mirau yemunzvimbomo kuganhurira nharidzano dzehurumende dzokugara kana kuti dziviriro dzehurumende dzemhoteredzo.

Chisarudzo Chokutonga Nebasa Rematare

Matare inzvimbo huru yokupedza rwisano dzehurumende. Kupfurikidza nehwirudzuro yedare. Kupfurikidza nedare rinotonga, matare anodudzira miganhu yebumbiro remitemo, kurova mitemo inosvika, uye kujekesa apo kusunungurwa kwehurumende kunoshanda. Dare Rapamusorosoro rakataura rwisano pamusoro pokudzora pfuti (g., ] Guta reColumbia reColumbia v. Heller), rakaita kuti mariana ive pamutemo (panorambidzwa nehurumende inorwisana nomutemo wehurumende), uye kodzero dzokuvhotera. matare epasi anonzwawo zvitsauko pakati pemaruwa kana kuti pakati pehurumende yehurumende. Nepo kudzosa inogona kuva nguva yechikamu chenguva neyaidhura, inogovera gadziriro inokosha yokuchengeta nhevedzano pamutemo.

Kubvumiranisa Zvinhu, Kudzika Mitemo, uye Kubatsirana Nehurumende

Hakusi kurwisana kwose kunoguma mudare. Hurumende kazhinji kazhinji dzinokurukura kupfurikidza namasangano ehurumende akafanana neNational Garners Association kana kuti Musangano weU.Idzi mvungwe dzinogamuchira vakuru vakuru vehurumende nokuda kwechinjo dzemiitiro, kupa migariro, kana kuti mvumo yokudzorwa. Hurumende inogonawo kupinda nemitemo mitsva inojekesa kupesana kwechiremera. Somuenzaniso, Real ID Act inosimbisa mipimo inowirirana nokuda kwamarezinesi ehurumende, kubvisa kuchinjika kwehurumende munharaunda iyoyo. Vatongi vehurumende vangadzosazve nechisarudzo kana kuti kupomera mhaka, vachiparira kumanikidza nesimba kudzika miraudzo yemitemo inoguma.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwenhau KwechiFederalism

Dzikamo yesimba pakati pehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende yapasi yachinja zvinoshamisa pamusoro penhau yeAmerica. Dare rePretainment, rapakuvamba rinozivikanwa se chirevo chehurumende (zvinenge 1789-1933), rakaisa muchiono kuparadzanisa kwemakeke uko mwero mumwe nomumwe waishanda munzvimbo dzakajeka. Dare Gurusa rakamanikidzira uyu musiano, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji unoganhurira simba rehurumende. Kuderera kukuru noKuchinja, sezvo hurumende yakatakura mitoro mikuru nokuda kweteramo yepfuma negarikano yenzanga, kuchiunza purogiramu yeSangano yeSangano yeChikurusarudzo yedzidzo yakaitwa neyamuro.

Druevolution neNew Federalism

Kutanga muma 1970, sangano rinonzi "New Federalism" rakatsvaka kudzorera simba kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Mapurezidhendi Nixon naReagan akasimudzira mari inodzorwa nezvibvumikiso nokugoverana nemari, vachitaurira kuti hurumende dzakaiswa zviri nani kukurukura zvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo. Chinjo ya1996 yakasika TENF muenzaniso wakatanhamara wekubvisa ushanyi. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Dare repamusoro rakasimbisa uchangamire muzviitiko zvakaita se Printz v. United States (1997), iyo yakadzosa murairo wehurumende wokudzika mutemo wehurumende pamusoro pezvisarudzo. MY. [AFFF] v[FFFF] [FFF]] [

Kushanda Munzvimbo Dzinoshandira Nyika: Mari sechishandiso Chepesvedzero

Hurumende yehurumende inounganidza mari yakawanda zvikuru kupfuura hurumende kana kuti hurumende dzomunzvimbomo, uye inoparadzira mari iyi kupfurikidza nepurogiramu dzakasiyana- siyana. Ikoku kunotanga rutsamiro rungatungamirira kukwikwidzana ne(states) inganzwa yamanikidzwa kuva nenzvimbo yokutanga yehurumende mukutsinhana mari. Somuenzaniso, hurumende yehurumende yakatyisidzira kunyima mari dzemugwagwa kutoti nyika dzakwidza zera ramakore 21 kana kuti maruwa akakwidziridza kukwira Dare rapamusorosoro pakupedzisira mu South Dakotal. Dole (1987]).

Hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo zvinokwidzawo mari yadzo dzimene kupfurikidza nemitero, mitero, uye zvisungo. Mitero yenzvimbo manyuko manyuko makuru emari nokuda kwehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, nepo nyika dzichitsamira pamari inotambirwa nemitero yokutengesa. Nhenda yeCOVID-19 yakavhenganiswa neiyi mari, inosunda matura ebetsero enyika seAmerican Replation Plan Act, iyo inotumirwa zvakananga kuruwa nenzvimbo. Iyi nzanga yemari inoreva kuti kuderera kwemari pamwero wenyika inogona kuderera, uye nenzira inopesana, njodzi dzehurumende dzinogona kutapura zvinhu zvinokosha zvemari zvemari.

Basa Rokubatanidzwa Muhurumende Inokanganisa

Kutora rutivi kwomunyika kunokosha kuva nechokwadi chokuti mwero yose yehurumende inoramba ine mutoro uye inogamuchira. Kuvimbisa chiito chinokosha zvikurusa, asi kutambanukira kumisangano yedare rechikoro, kupupurira pakunzwa kwokugara, kumhanya nokuda kwehofisi, uye kukumbanira mapoka ezvikwata zvehurumende. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, kufambirana kwouswa kwakaenderera mberi nenzira inobudirira nokuda kwechinjo mumiitiro yemapurisa, mirau yemhoteredzo, uye mitemo yedzimba pamwero yenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo nehurumende. Zvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga nezviteshi zvepaIndaneti zvakaita kuti zvive nyore nokuda kwavagari vemo kuronga nokukwidza manzwi avo, asi kutoda hako kuziviswa pamusoro penhau dzakaoma.

Dzidzo uye Kuva Mugari Wemo Akazivikanwa

Kunzwisisa kuti simba rinopiwa sei kubvumira vagari vemo kutungamirira nhamburiko dzavo nenzira inobudirira. Munhu anoitira hanya mipimo yedzidzo anganangidzira ngwariro padare ravo rechikoro; mumwe munhu anonetseka pamusoro pechinjo yemamiriro okunze angatsigira nokuda kwesimba rinomutsidzirwa renyika kana kuti nokuda kwezvikarakadzo zvomubatanidzwa. dzidzo yeCBIVIC inokurudzira iyi nzwisiso, uko kuri kuti nei nyika dzakawanda dzichida makosi ezvikoro zvesekondari. Zvirongwa namasangano akafanana ne Center for CBINF anogovera zviwanikwa zvokubetsera vagari vemo kunzwisisa mibatanidzwa yehurumende uye basa ravo mukati mayo.

Magakava Azvino Uno Nenguva Yemberi YechiFederano

Nhasi, hurumende iri pakati penhau dzakawanda dzinotambudza. Kuitwa kwapamutemo kwecannabis kunopfuurira kuparira rwisano pakati pehurumende iyo yakanyoresa kushandiswa kwenhandaro nehurumende yehurumende iyo inoibatanidza sechirongwa cheSamende I. Kuchengetwa kwokutama kunoisa nzvimbo tsvene mukurwisana nezviremera zvehurumende zvokupinda munyika. Mirayiro youtano hwaputu, yakadai sezvinodikanwa zvenhomba mukati medenda, inonyandura kurwisana kwehurumende nechiremera chehurumende. Iyi kurukurirano haisati ichibvira kugadziriswa zvechigarire; panzvimbo pezvo, inochinja sezvamatongerwe enyika, nzanga, uye migariro yezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu inochinja.

Kubatanidza zvinetso zvakadai seiternetic requectives, recommunic, uye rongedzero yenjere kuchaedza gadziriro iripo. Somuenzaniso, nyika dzinogona kudzora nokuzvimirira kuunganidzwa kwemashoko nemakambani ezvoruzivo rwezvombo, kana kuti rudzi rweInternet runoda chiito chehurumende here? Mibvunzo yakafanana ichamuka pamusoro pemotokari dzinozvidzora, mijenya yemagetsi inomutsidzira, uye teleheath. Unyanzvi hweAmerica yehurumende itsika yayo inobvumira kuongorora pamwero yehurumende (yakadai semipimo yokubudisa zvinhu zvokupayona yeCalifornia) ichiita kuti ishande basa rehurumende painenge ichidakairwa. Kunetsa uku kuchagadziriswa kwamakore akawanda kuchaitika sei.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve kwechibvumirano chehurumende neukama hwehurumende, kunzvera zviwanikwa zvinobva ku LGELT Information Institute paCornell Law School, Conference yeNational of State Legistration, uye porticial of the U.S.[FLT]

mhedziso

Ukama pakati pehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye dzehurumende hahuna kujeka kana kuti kuva nyore. Igadziriro mhenyu yakaumbwa neBumbiro remitemo, dare, chiito chomutemo, uye kutora rutivi kwokushingaira kwevagari vemo. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa masimba akasiyana nemitoro yemwero mumwe nomumwe(ne kuti zvinobatanidza sei uye zvinobatanidza sei), vadzidzisi, uye kuvunganidza mitezo yavanhu vose yehurumende. Kunyange kutaura nezvenzvimbo dzezvamatongerwe enyika kwakaumbwa nebumbiro remitemo renyika, kutsigira chinjo dzehurumende, kana kuti kupesvedzera mutemo wenyika, vagari vemo vanoshongedzerwa zviri nani kuita kuti manzwi avo anzwirwe uye kuti hurumende dzavo dzirambe dzichizvidavirira. Kukurukurirana kunoramba kuri pakati pemitengo yehurumende kuchiita kuti kuongorora kwehurumende kupfuudzedzeri kupfuurira kubudirira kubudirira kukuita zvinhu zvitsva uye mikana mikana mikana mitsva.