Gadziriro yavose inoumba mitemo, zviwanikwa, uye zvokutanga zvinodzora upenyu hwezuva nezuva (kuvambira pakunaka kwemhepo nemvura kusvikira kukusvikika kwoutano nedzidzo. Chinongedzero chavagari vemo vazhinji, vadzidzisi, uye vadzidzi vanowana mutoo uyo iyi miitiro inosikwa nawo kuva isina kujeka kana kuti isingasvikiki. Nzwisiso yakajeka yesimba ravanhu rinogadzirwa sei rinopa simba vanhu kuti vatsigire muubati ushe hwedemokrati hwehurumende inotonga, kungava kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kutsigira, kana kuti kungogara bedzi vachiziva. Nyaya inopa kuputsika kukuru, chikamu chemiitiro yokugadzira zvinhu, kurongwa kwemasimba makuru anoipesvedzera, uye vatambi vakuru uye denho izvo zvinorondedzera miuyo yayo.

Kutanga Kwemitemo Yavose

Muitiro unowanzova mutevedzeri mumiitiro, asi nyanzvi dzakatanga gadziriro inobetsera yedanga shanu remasiteji: kurongwa kwezvirongwa, kuumbwa kwemiitiro, kushandiswa kwemiitiro, kuitwa kwemiitiro, uye kuongororwa kwemitemo. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinobatanidza vatambi vakasiyana, mipimo, uye kuganhurirwa izvo pamwe chete izvo hurumende haisati ichiita pamusoro penhau yapiwa.

Kugadzirira Agenda

Mugariro Agenda muitiro uyo zvinetso zvakati zvinoonekwa nawo sezvinoraira ngwariro yehurumende. Haisi nhau iri yose yenzanga kana kuti yezvemari inokuita kuti ive inorongwa navanhu vose; makwikwi nokuda kwengwariro anotyisa, uye zvinetso izvozvo bedzi zvinowirirana nevoruzhinji, vakakwirira, kana kuti masangano makuru anowana nhevedzano.

  • Murangariro wePublic nerootroots ism - kuitira hanya kwakapararira, kazhinji kazhinji kunowedzerwa nokuramba kana kuti zvikumbiro, kunogona kumanikidza nhau kugadziriro dzehurumende. Somuenzaniso, 2018 mudzidzi akarongedzerwa March nokuda kwenhimbe yeUniversity yeThitus yakaisa pfuti 93control panzvimbo yekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika yeU.S.
  • Kufukidzwa kwemaMedia - Zvinobudisa nhau zvinogona kuratidzira chinetso kupfurikidza nokushuma kwadzokororwa, kugombedzera, kana kuti pepanhau rokunzvera. Simba rezvinobudisa nhau pamiganhu yemitemo rinosanonyorwa; funga nezvenzira iyo tenderera kwe 243300 yeawa renhau kwakakwidziridza nayo njodzi yeopioid kana kuti chinjo yemamiriro okunze.
  • Boka rinokurudzira - Masangano anomirira bhizimisi, basa, mhoteredzo, kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinofarirwa zvinogarodhindwa vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa kuti vakurukure funganyo dzakati. American Petroleum Institute yakachengeta muitiro wesimba papurogiramu kwamakumi amakore.
  • Zviitiko zvinodzokororwa - Kamwe, zvinoitika zvinokwirira zveprofile `zvakadai senjodzi dzomusikirwo, kupfura kukuru, kana kuti kurovanya kwemari(*)) zvinotanga kugadziridza zvinhu (g., Dodd+Frank Act) yakanga yambomira.

Simba, mitemo yesangano (muchib., kudzora kwedare redare redare redare rehurumende), uye mamiriro ose ezvamatongerwe enyika akapararira izvo nhau dzinosarudzwa nokuda kwokurangarira kwakakomba.

Kudzorwa Kwemitemo

Chinyorwa chinenge changowana nzvimbo panhau, vagadziri vemitemo vanotanga kugadzira zvigadzikiso zvingangoda kugadziriswa. Iyi nhano inobatanidza kunzvera chinetso, kuziva dzimwe nzira, uye kunyora zvikarakadzo zvekongiri. Vatori vemiitiro vanobatanidza:

  • Masangano eHurumende – Vashandi vemo vebasa renyika navakuru vezvamatongerwe enyika mumadhipatimendi makuru vanowanzotanga zvisarudzo zvemiitiro ine udzame. Somuenzaniso, Environmental Protection Agency yeU.S. Inonzvera mutengo wezvikwereti zvine projekti pamberi pokuisa mipimo yemipimo yemari inoyera yemhepo.
  • [ Vatongi navashandi vavo [[FLT: 1] – Mitezo yeDare kana kuti paramende inoshanda nebetsero dzedare dzezvikwereti zvebasa, kazhinji kazhinji pashure pokuva nokunzwa chipupuriro chenyanzvi.
  • Matangi okufunga namasangano okunzvera – Mapoka aMonpartisan akadai seBrookings Institution kana kuti RAND Corporation inoita nzvero dzakaoma dzinoumba ndandanda yezvisarudzo zvinowanika kuvagadziri vemitemo.
  • Mapoka echiAdvocacy nesangano remaindasitiri - ava vatambi vanokarakadza zvigadzikiso zvinodanwa, pane dzimwe nguva vachiaisa se “mutemo womuenzaniso” uyo unogona kusumwa chiito chisingachinjiki navaiti vemitemo vanonzwira tsitsi.

Chinangwa ndechokugadzira gadziriro inoshanda inogona kuita kuti vanhu vakwanise kutsigira vana vasiri vavo.

Kugamuchirwa Kwevana Vari Mutsika

Kugamuchira mutemo ndechinguva apo muitiro unokarakadzwa unogamuchira tendero yapamutemo kubva kumutumbi unodzora.

  • vhoti dzinogamuchirwa[ - Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu zhinjisa, nzira hurusa yokurera mwana mutezo unopfuudzwa nemutezo wehurumende uye unosainwa nemukuru mukuru. Mitezo yeBimeral (mutoo., Congress, U.S.S. Paramende) inoda mvumo inobva mumakamuri ose ari maviri, kuwedzera cheki namabanza zvekugadziridza.
  • Mirairo inoreverwa - Mapurezidhendi, magavhuna, uye meya vanogona kutora nenzira imwe cheteyo mitemo isina mvumo yehurumende, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzechisarudzo chokudzora. Purezidhendi Obama’s Defered Action for Childhostles (DACA) muenzaniso wakatanhamara.
  • Referencems uye rakananga utongi hunosarudzwa navanhu [ – Mune dzimwe nyika nenyika, vagari vemo vanogona kuvhota zvakananga pachikarakadzo chemitemo. Chikarakadzo cheCalifornia 13 (1978) uye chiverengero chenguva dzose cheSwitzerland chinoratidzira kuti kurera mwana asiri woga kunogona sei kudzivisa masangano avamiriri zvakananga.
  • [[FOL:0] Kugadza mitemo [ - Hurumende dzine chiremera chinogoverwa dzinogona kubudisa mirau inosunga iyo inoshandisa nomutoo unobudirira muitiro. Mitemo yeFederal Communications yekutaviriranwa kwemambure inhau.

Muitiro unobva panzvimbo yavanorerwa nevabereki vasiri vavo ungava wakatoderera kana kuti wakasimba kupfuura zvawaimboita pakutanga, zvichienderana nokudzikamiswa kwematongerwe ezvematongerwo enyika.

Kushandiswa Kwemitemo

Kana zvangogamuchirwa bedzi, muitiro unofanira kushandiswa,(kazhinji kazhinji nhano yakaoma zvikurusa neyakaderera. Kushandiswa kunobatanidza kushandura rugwaro rwemitemo kana kuti nhungamiro dzavakuru vakuru kupinda pajira reji. Mabasa makuru anobatanidza:

  • [ inonyora mirau ine udzame[ - Mitemo inowanzova yakafara; masangano anofanira kupa mitemo yakananga iyo inojekesa zvinodikanwa, miitiro, uye miitiro yokuchengeta.
  • [ Nyukwa dzemari -Dzidzo dzinofanira kudiwa, vashandi vanorindwa kana kuti vanogoverwazve, uye manyuko anovakwa kana kuti kugadziridzwazve. Affordible Care Act yakadzongonyedzwa nemari yapakuvamba inodzorwa nokuda kwemiitiro yeIT.
  • Kurovedza vashandi – Front́line vashandi(mapoka, vadzidzisi, vaongorori vezvoutano, vateresi) vanofanira kunzwisisa miitiro mitsva nezvinosunda.
  • Kuiswa kwemitemo mumativi ose [ - Mitemo mizhinji inoda chiito nemwero inoverengeka yehurumende kana kuti masangano, kuchitungamirira kudenho dzokubatira pamwe. Kuitwa kwegadziriro yedzidzo yehurumende (Agaro Wose Mudzidzi Wedzidzo) anotsamira zvikuru pazviremera zvehurumende nedzidzo yomunzvimbomo.

Pfungwa yokuti “musiyano wokuparadza” inorondedzera kurema kwakaita zvipikirwa zvemitemo uye zvaunotovimbisa.

Kuongorora Mitemo

Kuongorora kunogona kuitwa nevanoongorora kana kuti zvisina kurongwa, nevanoongorora hurumende, vanotsvakurudza, kana kuti masangano evazivi vehurumende. Mitemo yacho inosanganisira:

  • Quantitical data - Kuyera zviratidzo zvakadai semwero youtsotsi, nhamba dzemiedzo, miuyo youtano, kana kuti miuyo yemhoteredzo pamberi uye pashure pechinjo yomuitiro.
  • [ Revoificial [ - Bvunzurudzo, mapoka akananga, uye dare rinotonga vanhu vose zvinogovera nzwisiso pamusoro penzira iyo muitiro unowanwa nayo naavo vanotapurwa.
  • Nzvero dzechikamuraniso - Kuenzanisa miuyo kumativi ose kana kuti nokufamba kwenguva kunobetsera kutsaura tapuro yemitemo.
  • Kunzvera kweCostÍbenefit – Maramical Accounting (umh., neHofisi yeKuzvidavirira yeHurumende yeUnited States) inoyera ndyiko dzemiitiro yemari nebetsero dzayo.

Nzvero inodzosera shure munhevedzano yomuitiro. Kana purogiramu ikawanwa isingashandi, ingabviswa, inogadziridzwa, kana kuti kutsiviwa(kutungamirira kurudungwe rutsva rwegadziriro nemugadziridzo. Somuenzaniso, chinjo yegarikano muma 1990 yakapesvedzerwa zvikuru nenzvero dzemapurogiramu emari asati avapo.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvinoita Kuti Vanhu Vasarudze

Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunokosha kuti munhu wose azive kuti nei mimwe mitemo ichikunda mimwe.

Kufunga Zvematongerwe Enyika Nokuparadzana

Chimiro chezvokushanda kwemagariro avanhu chinogovera maresiti kuti vaone zvinetso nezvigadzikiso. Masangano anowanzoda nzira dzinotevedzerwa, hurumende yakaganhurirwa, uye mutoro womunhu oga, nepo achitsigira kazhinji kazhinji kupindira kwehurumende, miraudzo, uye gadziriro yakabatana. Partisancation. inoziviswa zvikurukuru muUnited States / metain metations kudzivirira nhau kuti dzisaiswa pamiganhu. Gadziriro pamusoro pomuitiro wemamiriro okunze anoganhurirwa inoratidzira zvikuru kuti mativi epfungwa anoumba sei mativi anoshanda.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Ezvemari Nezvinetso Zvemari

Kukura kwemari kana kuti kuderera kwemari kunopesvedzera zvakananga izvo hurumende dzinogona uye zvichaita.

Masangano Enzanga Nemafungiro Avanhu Vose

Masangano enzanga anogona kuchinja hurukuro yavose uye kudzvinyirirwa kunoitwa nevakuru vakuru. Sangano rekodzero dzevanhu, sangano rezvakatipoteredza, uye masangano eBlack Live Math ne # Masangano eMeToo akachinja zvose zvinokosha. Masangano evanhu, sezvinoonekwa nenzvero, anoitawo seanozvimanikidza: mitemo inopesana zvikuru nemaonero oruzhinji haawanzotevedzerwi kana kutsigirwa.

Zviitiko Munyika Yose Nedzvinyiriro Dzamarudzi Ose

Hurumende dzeCHOVID NZANGA dzinomanikidza hurumende pasi pose kuti dzishandise mafambiro outano okukurumidzira, matura ezvoupfumi, uye zvirongwa zvokuwana mushonga zvaisazombofungwa munguva dzagara dziripo.

Basa Revachengeti Muchirongwa Chokudzora

Muitiro hauitwi bedzi navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa; chiverengero chikuru chavatambi (chose chiri zviviri mukati nekunze kwehurumende) shape chikamu chiri chose.

Vashandi Vehurumende

  • [ Vatongi navashandi vavo [ - Vanosuma zvikwereti, kukurukura kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye kutungamirira.
  • [ Masangano ebazu anoshanda [ – Anokarakadza mirau, anoshandisa mitemo, uye anogovera unyanzvi.
  • [ Courts - Kuhwirudzura Ruramisiro kunogona kuderedza kana kuti kutsigira miitiro, sezvakaitwa neDare Rapamusorosa reUnited States namativi eAffordicable Care Act uye kubvisa mimba.
  • Mitumbi yehurumende - Mumibatanidzwa, hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowanzoedza nemiitiro iyo gare gare inozivisa chiito chenyika (imo, device capby carbon àrand.grade program).

Non 88 Vaiti Vemitemo

  • [ Mapoka akadzika midzi namadhipatimendi - Vanogovera unyanzvi, nhau dzegadziriro, uye nhimbe nokuda kana kuti pamusoro pezvikarakadzo. Mazita emari yeCampaign inoratidza kupambadza kwavo kune muuyo unotapuriranwa pamiuyo yemitemo.
  • Matanki okufunga uye vanzveri vedzidzo - Zvinopa ufakazi nepfungwa dzinoumba chinhu chinokosha somuitiro wakanakisisa kana kuti unonzwika.
  • Media - Kupfurikidza nokusarudza, kunyora, uye kudzokorora nhau, pesvedzero dzinobudisa nhau dzinorangarira ruzhinji kuva dzinokosha (simba rinodzikamisa).
  • Vanhu [ - Voters, vanorwira kukura, uye masangano anogadzira michero anoisa dzvinyiriro kupfurikidza nesarudzo, kunyunyuta, uye kurukurirano yakananga.

Zvinetso Nezvirongwa Zvokuita

Kunyange zvazvo giradhi 93 iri chinhu chinobatsira, tsika yenyika inowanzova isina kutsarukana, inononoka, uye inongoramba ichikundikana.

Mikaha Yezvikwata Zvehurumende Nekupwanya

Kunyange miitiro yakasanorongwa inogona kuderera mukati mokuitwa. Vadzorwi vebasa rebasa vangadzivisa chinjo dzinodzongonyedza miitiro yakatangwa. Kurovedza kusina kukwana, nhungamiro isina kujeka, uye mirairo inopokanidzana inobva kumapoka anotarisira akasiyana - siyana zvinogona kutungamirira kukuurawa kusina kufanira kana kuti kusingashandi.

Pesvedzero Yemari Nokuba

Pesvedzero yakasanozivikanwa yamapoka ezviwaro zvemari zvakasanorongwa — zvikurukuru mugadziriro dzemari dzenhimbe idzo dzinobvumira kushandiswa kusina kuganhurirwa kwemari kusingaganhurirwi kunobvumira kudhura kwakasununguka kwehurumende.Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti miitiro inowanzoda vapi navapi vapfumi navashandi veindasitiri vebhizimisi kunzvimbo dzose. Nzvero yakaitwa nomusayendisiti wezvamatongerwe enyika Martin Gilens yakaratidza kuti vakatanhamara mune zvemari namapoka ezvisakiso akarongwa zvine pesvedzero huru zvikuru pamiuyo yeU.S.

Migumisiro Isingadzorwi Neyakanga Isingakarirwi

Mitemo inoita mibato yayo imene yezvamatongerwe enyika. Gadziriro dzinobetsera zvirongwa zvikuru (murevo, Social Security, Medicare) dzinova dzakaoma mune zvamatongerwe enyika kucheka, kunyange apo ufakazi hunokarakadza chinjo inodikanwa. Nenzira inopesana, mirau inogona kuparira miuyo yapashure isingakarirwa: mari yezvibayiro yakakwidzwa nemitengo yezvibage; zvinodikanwa zvegarikano zvingava zvakawedzera urombo nokuda kwamamwe mapoka. Nzvero nokutarisirwa kwemitevedzero kunokosha, asi zvikamu zvezvamatongerwe enyika kazhinji kazhinji zvinoita kuti kudzidza kwenguva refu.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa kuti muitiro wavose unoitwa sei — kubva pakuzivikanwa kwokutanga kwechinetso kusvikira kunzvero yokupedzisira yemiuyo — dhemand kugadziriro yezvirongwa zvakapoteredza, uye simba. Chikamu chezvikamu zvishanu zvesetichinopa nzira yakarongeka yokunzvera nayo nei mitemo yakati inobudirira apo vamwe vanotambura. Kunokosha zvakafanana kuziva mabasa epfungwa, zvoupfumi, masangano enzanga, uye zvinoitika zvenyika yose mukuumba zvinobvira. Vadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye vagovera basa rokutonga kwehurumende yedemocracy.

Kunzverazve musoro, rangarira kurava U.S. kupeta-pfuurwa kwehurumende kugadzira mutemo kwehurumende, Brookings Institution’s information [, kana kuti Governce Accocation Office’s Office yemishumo[.