Kubva paBill Kuenda Kumuitiro: Rwendo Rwomutemo Rwokumanikidza

Mutemo mumwe nomumwe unovamba sepfungwa (chiono nokuda kwenhevedzano, ruramisiro, kana kuti chengeteko yavose. Asi nzira inobva mupfungwa iyoyo kusvikira kukuchengetwa chaikoiko mumugwagwa nderenguva refu, inoiswa mumativi, uye inowanzoshatiswa. Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoiswa inoda kutarira sei muitiro wose: kuti unosikwa sei, unoashandisa sei, unoadudzira sei, uye zvinoitika apo anoputswa. Nyaya inoputsa chikamu chimwe nechimwe, kubva mukamuri remitemo kuenda kumotokari inorinda, uye inonzvera mabasa amasangano makuru, zvinetso zvaanotarisana nazvo, uye nzvimbo inotenderera yerongedzero.

Muitiro Womutemo: Kubva Pakugadzwa Kuenda Kukunyoreswa

Muitiro wemitemo ndiyo nheyo panogara kutevedzerwa kwose. Nepo muitiro chaiwoiwo uchisiyana kupfurikidza nehurumende inodzorwa navanhu, gadziriro zhinjisa dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu dzinotevera mutoo wakafanana.

Kukarakadza Nokuedza

Mutemo unotanga se bhill, inowanzotangwa nomutezo wedare remitemo (mumiriri, mumiriri, kana kuti mutezo weparamende). Mutezo ungabva mumhatsa yamanyuko: sangano rehurumende rinozivisa mukaha wokudzosera, boka refariro yavose rinosundwa nokuda kwechinjo, kana kuti muiti wemitemo anogamuchira itiro hanya yechibvumirano. Kudzokororo ibasa remibato (svori vemiitiro, uye nyanzvi dzemiitiro yokurondedzera pamutemo kurondedzera mutengi, zvinorambidza, uye zvirango. Zvikwereti zvinoshati zvinoshatiswa nenzira yokushatisa.

Kuongorora uye Kuitisana Nharo Nedare

Pakangotangwa, mutengi unogoverwa kudare rinoona nezvenzvimbo yakakodzera (muremu, dare redare, utano, zvokufambisa). Dare rinogara richinzwa apo nyanzvi, vatsigiri, uye vashori vanopupurira. Apa ndipo apo mutengo unowanzogadziridzwa, pane dzimwe nguva zvikuru. Pashure pokunge dare rapamhindi, mutezo unoiswa pauriri nokuda kwekurukurirano. Mumatare akawanda emitemo, kurukurirano inorongwa kubvumira vose vari vaviri vatsigiri navashori kutaura, uye tsinhirano dzinogona kukarakadzwa kubva pauriri.

Kutengesa uye Kutendera Vanhu Kunofarirwa

Pashure pekurukurirano, dare rinovhota. Mugadziriro yeuncameral, voruzhinjiwo zvavo vangakwana; mugadziriro dzebimameral (seUnited States Congress kana kuti UK Parliament), makamuri ose ari maviri anofanira kupfuura shanduro dzakafanana. Kana akasiana, dare remusangano rinoyananisa kusawirirana. Chikamu ichi chinogona kudzora muromo kusvikira kunguva isingazivikanwi, zvikurukuru mumhoteredzo dzakadzikira zvikuru.

Kutenderwa Nokuitwa Kwehurumende

Pakarepo, chikwereti chinotumirwa kumukuru mukuru (mutungamiriri wehurumende, gavhuna, mutungamiriri wehurumende, kana kuti mambo). Mukuru mukuru anogona kuchisaina mumutemo, kana kuti mudzimwe gadziriro(_whendeka) kuva mutemo usina kusayina pashure penhambo yokumirira. Chibvumirano chinogona pane dzimwe nguva kuva chisingasarudzirwi nevhoti huru mudare. Apo chisainwa chinenge chiri mutemo wakaitwa [ uye chinogoverwa nhamba yomutemo wavose. Zvisinei, kugadza hakurevi kuchengetwa kwapanguva iyoyo. Mitemo inobatanidza musi unononotswa unononotswa unoparira nguva yokupa masangano nguva yokugadzirira.

Nokuda kwekunzvera nyika chaiyoiyo muitiro wemitemo weUnited States, Coreff.gov muitiro womutemo [[FLT: 1] inzvimbo yakaisvonaka.

Bazi Rine Vatungamiriri Nokushandiswa

Mitemo haisi yokuzvitema. Bazu revakuru vakuru (*) rinodzorwa napurezidhendi, gavhuna, kana kuti mutungamiriri wehurumende) rinotakura mutoro mukuru wokushandisa mitemo. Ikoku kunobatanidza mabasa makuru anoverengeka.

Kutonga Kwevamiririri

Mitemo mizhinji yakanyorwa namashoko akafara. Mutemo ungarambidza "kusatendera kana kuti mabasa anonyengera kana kuti miitiro," asi unoda sangano rokudzosera zvinhu (zvakadai se Federal Trade Commission []] kurondedzera zvinoreva. Nhau yeProfectoration revhossion [[FLT]] [inonziwo mitemo kana kuti inopiwa) inozadza urongwa hwemitemo. Iyi inotevera muitiro: kuzivisa kurongwa hwokuita mitemo hunokarakadzwa, tsinhiro yavose, chinyorwa chokupedzisira muchinyorwa chehurumende (g.g., chinyorwa chamapepa muU.S.)

Kugovera Zvinhu Nevashandi

Kumanikidzirwa kunoda mari, vanhu, uye maturusi. Mabazu makuru anoronga mari, kukumbira mari inobva kudare remitemo, uye anopa zvinhu kusangano rokuita kuti pamutemo urambe. Mutemo unorambidza rudzi rutsva rwemirimo, somuenzaniso, unoda kurovedzwa kwevakuru vakuru, midziyo yerabhoritari yokuedza, uye zvichida mitsva. Pasina zvitengo zvakakwana, kunyange mutemo wakanakisisa hauna maturo.

Mirayiridzo Inoshanda uye Kutarisira

Mukuru mukuru anopawo mirayiridzo kumasangano pamusoro pokuisa mutemo pakutanga. Somuenzaniso, gavhuna angarayira mapurisa ehurumende kuti aise pfungwa pakutengesa vanhu kana kuti kuchengeteka mumugwagwa mukuru. Mutungamiriri wesangano anoshandisa zvinenge zvichidiwa, kuongorora, uye() mune dzimwe gadziriro ($s) simba rokubvisa misoro yemasangano. Kutarisira uku kunovimbisa kuti mitemo inodzorwa nguva dzose uye maererano nezvinangwa zvemitemo.

Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pomuitiro wokutungamirira weU.S. kubva ku Regurations.gov portal.

Mufundisi: Kududzira uye Kuhwirudzura

Kunyange pashure pokunge mutemo waitwa uye masangano avamba kudzikamisa mutemo, mibvunzo inomuka nenzira isingadzivisiki.Chitsama chakati chinorevei?

Kududzira Mashoko Anokosha

Apo mhaka inouya pamberi pedare, vatongi vanonzvera rugwaro rwomutemo, nhau yawo yemitemo, uye vavariro yavagadziri. Matare anoshandisa manyoro akasiana - siana okuvaka . zvakadai somutemo wakajeka werevo, mutemo wokuva muridzi (mumutemo woutsotsi), uye murangariro unorwisana nokusunungurwa kwemutemo. Tsinhiro dzawo dzinova muenzaniso unowirirana nokuda kwenhau dzomunguva yemberi.

Kuparadzana Kwegakava

Zviito zvokutarisira mutemo zvinowanzotungamirira kugakava: mugari wemo anotaura kuti asungwa zvakanga zvisiri pamutemo; makwikwi ebhizimisi aidzorwa pamutemo; anodenha kudzingwa kwedare. Dare rinopikisa idzi nharo, rinoyera ufakazi, rinonzwa, uye rinotonga.

Kuongorora Kutonga Kunoitirwa Mitemo

Mumiitiro yapamutemo mizhinji, matare anogona kurova mitemo inoputsa bumbiro remitemo. Iri simba, rinozivikanwa se hwirudzuro yemitemo , icherekedzo yakakomba pasimba romutemo neroukuru. Somuenzaniso, Dare Gurusa reU. rakashayisa simba remitemo pazvikonzero zvokutaura kwakasununguka, dziviriro yakaenzana, uye muitiro wakafanira. Apo dare rinowana mutemo usingawirirani, kudzikamiswa nokukurumidza nokuda kwesimba iroro. Iri basa guru rehurumende yemitemo yemitemo yazvino uno.

Kumanikidza Mutemo: Muganhu Womutemo

Nepo matare emitemo achigadzira mitemo uye achiidudzira, masangano anochengeta mutemo — “‘ mapurisa, vatongi, vamiririri vehurumende, vaongorori vamasangano anodzora — avo vanoagombedzera zvakananga muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Kuongorora uye Uchapupu Zvaiunganidzwa

Kumanikidza kunovamba nemashoko. Sangano rinoita kuti mutemo utevedzere ringagamuchira nyunyuto, rinoona mufambiro unonyumwira, kana kuti rinoita chiito papepa. Vakuru vakuru vanonzvera: zvapupu, kuunganidza ufakazi hwenyama, kuunganidza zvibvumikiso zvokutsvaka, uye kushandisa unyanzvi hwokutsvaka. Muzvinoitika zvakaoma.

Kusungwa Nokurega Kufunga

Apo chisakiso chingavapo chokuti mhaka yaitwa, vakuru vakuru vangasunga. Miitiro yokusungwa inodzorwa nemitemo yomutemo yorumano. MuUnited States, Gadziriro yeChine Inoda mvumo dzokusungwa kwakawanda mumisha, kutoti migariro yapakarepo yavapo. Pashure pokusungwa, kunyumwirwa kunobhadharwa, kupiwa mhaka, uye zvimwe kusunungurwa pabhegi kana kuti zvimwe pakutongwa kwakamirira. Kutongwa kunofanira kururamiswa nengozi yokubhururuka kana kuti ngozi kunzanga.

Patrol Nechinodzivisirwa

Kuongorora kwamazuva ano kunoramba kuri basa guru remapurisa. Kuvapo kwemunhu kunoitirwa kumisa utsotsi uye kugovera mhinduro nokukurumidza kuzviitiko. Kuedza kwemazuva ano kuongorora kunosanganisira mapurisa ane zvikwata zvinopisa (kuisa zvinhu panzvimbo dzakakwirira dzine upari-matomu) uye mitoo inotsigirwa nenzanga.

Kumanikidzwa Kunoita Kuti Uite Zvechienzi

Kupfuura mapurisa enguva dzose, mitemo yakawanda inoda masangano anodzivirira ezvokuchengetedza. anoongorora kushatiswa kwezvokudya, anoongorora kuchengeteka kwezvokudya, shatood religinages [[FLT] masangano] anotarisira misika yemisika, uye inodzorwa nokutyorwa kwemitemo yemiganhu. inodzorwa nokudzorwa kwemitemo yemitemo.

Nokuda kwechitsama chine chiremera chamasimba amapurisa neganhuriro, ona Office of Justice Programs.

Kubatanidzwa Kwenzanga uye Mutoro Weroorano

Vanhu vagari vemo vane basa rinokosha pakuchengetedza zvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo.

Kushuma Nokupupurira

Utsotsi hwakawanda hunouya kumapurisa nemhaka yokuti mumwe munhu anoashuma. Pasina kubatira pamwe kwevagari vemo, mhosva dzakawanda(8), zvikurukuru masimba omumba, kuba, kana kuti kuparadza zvinhu) dzingava dzisina kunyorwa. Zvapupu zvinowanzova chinhu chinopa mutongo. Kukurudzira kushuma kupfurikidza nemitsetse yezvipo zvisingazivikanwi, mahofisi epaIndaneti, uye kuvaka chivimbo munzanga chinhu chokutanga chemapurisa azvino uno.

Gadziriro Dzokudzivirira Utsotsi

Nzanga dzakawanda dzinoronga purogiramu dzeNeighboriod Watch, .CIMIZENI ZVIKORO ZVINOTAURWA ZVOKUSHAYA], kana kuti purogiramu dzeCrime. Izvi zvirongwa zvinosimudzira kubatana pakati pavagari nevakuru vakuru. Vanodzidzisa vanhu pamusoro pokuziva basa rinonyumwirwa, kuchengetedza zvinhu, uye kushandira pamwe chete nezvinoongororwa. Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvinobetserawo kuderedza kutya utsotsi uye kuvaka ruremekedzo.

Kutendeseka Nokuchinja Kwetsika

Vagari vanogona kuvavarira chinjo mumitemo vamene. Kupfurikidza nokukumbira, kunyandura, chipupuriro chapachena, uye kuvhota, vanhu vamwe navamwe namapoka vanogona kupesvedzera mitemo inopfuudzwa uye kuti kuchengetwa kwemitemo kunogadzwa sei. Somuenzaniso, kudzorwa kwekodzero kupfurikidza namasangano erusununguko rwavagari vemo kwakatungamirira kukuchinja mukushandiswa kwemitemo yemapurisa, miitiro yebhegi, uye nhungamiro dzechirango. Kuvimbisa kuva mugari wemo ichenjedzo inokosha pazvose zviri zviviri vanyengeri vemitemo uye kubatira zvisina kufanira.

Zvinetso Zvinotevera Pakushanda

Pasinei zvapo negadziriro yakaisvonaka, kuchengetwa kwemitemo kunotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvinopfuurira zvinonetesa kubudirira nokururamisira.

Kupindwa Muzvinhu Zvakawanda Nezvinosangana

Masangano akawanda anotarisira kuchengetwa kwemitemo anoshumwa maererano nezvinodiwa. Bazi duku remapurisa retaundi ringashaiwa midziyo, rovedzo, kana kuti vashandi kuti vabate nenhau dzekombiyuta dzakaoma. Sangano rehurumende ringava nenzvero shomanene zvikuru dzokutarisira nzvimbo iri yose. Kuperevedza kwemanyuko kunogona kutungamirira kukuchengetwa kwemitemo inosarudzwa nokumanikidzwa nepo mimwe ichifuratirwa, kuchiparira kusatsarukana.

Kuvimba Nehurumende uye Kururamisira

Apo vanhu vanorasikirwa nechivimbo mukuchengetwa kwomutemo, batira pamwe inoderera. Zviitiko zvikuru zvesimba rakanyanyisa, kushata kwedzinza, kana kuti ushati hunoparadza pamutemo. Pasina chivimbo, vagari vemo sezvingabvira havachaudzi mhaka, vanobatira sezvapupu, kana kuti vanogamuchira chiremera chamapurisa. Kuvaka chivimbo kunoda kuonana, kuzvidavirira, kuvimbisana kwenzanga, uye kazhinji kazhinji, chinjo dzemiitiro.

Kuoma Kunzwisisa Kwepamutemo Nokunyanyisa

Kuoma kwemitemo kunogona kukurira vose vari vaviri vamanikidziridziri navagari vemo. MuUnited States, somuenzaniso, mune zviuru zvemhosva dzehurumende, kubatanidza Hurumende nemirau yomunzvimbomo. Zvakawanda zvinogadzirwa, zvisina kujeka, kana kuti zvechinyakare. Uku upariri hwemhosva [ hunopa mapurisa uchenjeri hwakafara uye hunogona kutungamirira kukuchengetwa kusina kufanira. Kunokuitawo kuti kuve kwakaoma kuti vanhuwo kuziva kuti mutemo uripo, kusatongowirirana.

Kunetseka Nezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nezvakavanzika

Unyanzvi hutsva hwemichina (-makamera, kuzivikanwa kwechiso, maalgoritimendi anodeya kuzivisa, shoo dzesocial media dzemagariro enhau dzechisariranwa (jeresa) zvinopa zvishandiso zvokuvandika zvine simba asi zvinomutsawo funganyo dzakakomba dzerusununguko rwavanhu. Gadziriro dzapamutemo dzinowanzova dzinoderera pamano oruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. MaDare nemira misha inoramba ichirwisana nedzikano yedzika miganhuro yavanhu nekodzero dzavose.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Mukusimbiswa Kwomutemo

Zvinhu zvakawanda zviri kuitika zviri kuchinja nzvimbo yacho.

Nhengo Dzokushandisa Kubata uye Kuona Zvakanaka

Masangano anotarisira mutemo ari kushandisa nenzira inowedzera mashoko okuisa mipiro yezviwanikwa, kuziva mafambiro outsotsi, uye kuyera kushanda. Mamwe madhipatimendi anobudisa nhamba dzoutsotsi uye kushandisa mashoko anogombedzerwa paIndaneti kuwedzera kujeka. Zvisinei, tsvo nenhau dzemashoko zvinofanira kufungwa kuti zvisapfuuridzire rusaruro.

Mienzaniso Yapamutemo Yenzanga

Mapoka mazhinji amapurisa ari kubva pamitoo yokuita nayo zvinhu nenzira yakananga, yakarwiwa ku mapurisa anoshandira kugadzirisa utsotsi . Uhu uzivi hunosimbisa kupedza chinetso, kuvaka ukama, uye kubatanidza vagari vemo mukuisa zvinhu zvinokosha. Vakuru vakuru vanogoverwa kunharaunda chaidzo, kupinda misangano yenzanga, uye kushanda nemabasa enzanga kupedza zvisakiso zvikuru zvoutsotsi, zvakadai sourombo kana kuti kupindwa muropa.

Kuchinja Kwemitemo Nokuchinja

Broad inoda kuchinja - chinja - chinja - chinja nesangano renzanga, nzvero, uye masangano ehurumende zvinotungamirira kuchinjo mumitemo inodzora. Kuchinja, kubvisa mhaka dzakati (mt., kuva nembanje), zvimwe zvokuvanza kusungwa (mt., kubudisa nokusunungura), uye matare anotarisira ari kudzorwa mumativi akawanda. Vavariro ndeyokuita kuti mutemo utengwe nenzira inowirirana, inobudirira, uye inowirirana nemipimo yavose.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwenyika Dzose

Utsotsi hunowedzera kudarika miganhu. Kutengesa mari, kutengesa vanhu, uye ugandanga zvinoda kushandira pamwe kwemarudzi ose. Zvibvumirano, zvibvumirano zveyamuko, uye mativi ebasa zvinobvumira masangano anobva kunyika dzakasiyana- siyana kugoverana ungwaru, kufungira, uye mabasa eboka. Masangano akafanana ne INTERPOL uye [FLT:]

Kupedzisa: Muitiro Wakawanda Wokuzvidavirira

Rwendo rwokubva pamitemo kuenda kukushandisa runopfuura zvikuru muitiro wehurumende. Igadziriro ine simba inobatanidza mapazu akawanda ehurumende, masangano anochengetedza, uye vagari vemo vanoshingaira. Nhambo imwe neimwe(kubva pakuronga kuti vadzokere kuhwirudzuro yedare) inoronga denho dzayo imene nemikana. Kunzwisisa urwu rwendo kunobetsera vagari vemo, vaiti vemitemo, uye vazivi vanonzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri simba neganhuriro dzemitemo. Kupfurikidza nokuziva uye kuvimbisa, tinogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inobatira donzo rayo rakakwirira zvikurusa: kuita donzo rayo, rakarurama, uye nzanga yakarongeka nokuda kwavose.