Kunzwisisa Zvinoitwa Nemitemo Yomunzvimbomo Inobvumiranwa

Gadziriro yokuchengetwa kwomutemo yeAmerica isangano rakarongwa ramasangano anoshanda munzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye hurumende. Apo utsotsi hunoitika, vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika: Ndiani anobata nechii? Mhinduro inotsamira pakudzora, rudzi rwemhosva, uye zviwanikwa zvinodikanwa. Mahofisi emapurisa omunzvimbomo namahofisi ehurumende anotarisira chiverengero chikuru chenzvimbo yavose, nepo masangano ehurumende anopindirana apo utsotsi hwehurumende hunoyambuka, hunobatanidza chengeteko yorudzi, kana kuti kuderera pasi pemiraudzo yakananga. Nyaya ino inogovera kuputsika kwakatanhamara kweiyi mipimo miviri yemitemo inosiana, uko anoshanda pamwe chete kuti adzivirire nzanga.

Kumanikidzwa Kutevedzera Mutemo Womunzvimbomo: Kudzivirira Vanhu

Masangano anoona nezvokuchengetwa kwemitemo omunzvimbomo — kubatanidza madhipatimendi emapurisa epepuresi, mahofisi eruwa emapurisa, uye maruwa chaiwo — anoumba mavambo emapurisa eAmerica. Iwo ndiwo anopa mhinduro huru kurunhare 911, zvinoitika zvemigwagwa, gakava renharaunda, uye mhaka zhinjisa dzakadai sokupaza, kudenha, uye kuba. Kudzora kwavo kunorondedzerwa muruwa: remo yemapurisa eguta rinoshanda mukati memiganhu yeguta, nepo hofisi yemutongi wehurumende inowanzofukidza nzvimbo dzisina kubatanidzwa dzeruwa.

Mitoro Yezvirongwa Zvomunzvimbomo

Vatarisiri vemo vanoita mabasa akawanda zuva nezuva.

  • Tsitsiro [ — kupindura kunodikanwa kwebasa, kubva kukurumidziro dzezvokurapa kusvikira kudzongonyedzo dzinoshingaira.
  • [[[FT:0] Patrol — kuvapo kunooneka munharaunda, maruwa ebhizimisi, uye nzvimbo dzavose kumisa utsotsi.
  • Nzvero dzoutsotsi — matikitivha anotevera pautsotsi hunoshumwa, anounganidza ufakazi, zvapupu zvebvunzurudzo, uye anoita kusungwa.
  • vimbisana yebvumirano — kuvaka chivimbo kupfurikidza neshanyo dzechikoro, mapurogiramu ewachi omunharaunda, uye zvinoitika zvokukurumidza.
  • [ kuchengetwa kweTraffic — kubudisa mashoko, kunzvera tsaona, uye kudzora nzvimbo dzokunzvera dzeDUI.

Zvikamu Zvemitemo Yomunzvimbomo Zvinomanikidza

Kunzwisisa zvivako zvakasiyana - siyana hakusi masangano ose ari munzvimbo imwe chete anobatsira kujekesa kuti ndiani anoita zviri munzanga.

  • Mapurisa: Madhipatimendi aya anoshumira maguta namataundi. Ukuru hwawo hunovambira pachiverengero chiduku chavakuru vakuru mumataundi maduku kusvikira kuzviuru mumasimba makuru akadai seNYPD kana kuti LAPD. Anobata nhau dzose dzokuchengetwa kwomutemo mukati memiganhu yeguta rawo.
  • MaBato eShouff: Anowanzotungamirirwa nomutongi akasarudzwa, aya masangano anobatira nhamba dzose, zvikurukuru nharaunda dzisina kubatanidzwa. Anowanzoshandisa majeri enyika, anogovera chengeteko yedare, uye anobatira magwaro apamutemo mukuwedzera kugadziriro yamagamuchidzanwa.
  • Nhevedzo inoiswa muMasangano eMunda: Madhipatimendi mazhinji ane SWAT , mapoka eK-9, mapoka ekurukurirano dzenjodzi, uye mibatanidzwa yeIndaneti. Aya masangano chaiwo anogona kuiswa nokuda kwezvinoitika zveringi yakakwirira kana kuti nzvero dzakaoma.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mapurisa:[[FLT: 1] Panzvimbo dzemaIndia eAmerica, masangano anotarisira mutemo wedzinza ane udzori munyika dzamarudzi, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kazhinji achibatira pamwe namasangano ehurumende seFBI nokuda kwezvisakiso zvikuru.

Kurovedza uye Zvinodiwa Nevakuru Vakuru Vomunyika Yacho

Rovedzo yamapurisa omunzvimbomo inosiana nehurumende asi inowanzobatanidza chikoro chamapurisa anosimbiswa chehurumende chinofukidza mutemo woutsotsi, pfuti, nzira dzokuzvidzivirira, mabasa emotokari dzekurumidziro, uye unyanzvi hwokuderedza. Madhipatimendi mazhinji anodawo kupfuurira mukurovedza basa. Vagadziri vemapurisa vomunharaunda vanosimbisa ukama hwokuvaka, kukwikwikwidzana kwetsika, uye chinetso. Chikoro chepaavhareji chinogara mwedzi inenge 68, chichiteverwa nokurovedzwa mumunda nomukuru mukuru webasa.

Kumanikidzwa Kutevedzera Mutemo: Kutonga Kwakawanda Nechiremera Chakasiyana

Masangano ezvokuchengetedzwa kwemitemo anoshanda pasi pechiremera chehurumende yeUnited States. Vanonzvera ndokuita kuti mitemo inodarika miganhu yenyika kana kuti yenyika ibatanidze zvinhu zvehurumende kana kuti vashandi, kana kuti vanorondedzerwa zvakajeka semhosva dzehurumende pasi peBumbiro remitemo reUnited States. Nhengo dzehurumende hadziwanzotarisi nharaunda kana kuti kuita chimwe chinhu kufoni dzinogara dziripo. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanonangidzira ngwariro pakuongorora kwakaoma, kazhinji kacho kukuru kunoda zviwanikwa uye unyanzvi hunopfuura hwenzvimbo yomunzvimbo yacho.

Ganhuriro Huru Nenzvimbo Dzadzo Dzakananga

Masangano makuru akawanda ari pasi peDhipatimendi Remitemo (DOJ), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), uye mamwe madhipatimendi edare. Rimwe nerimwe rine basa rakati raro:

  • FBI] FBI iri sangano guru rehurumende rinoita nzvero. Inobata tyisidziro dzekuchengeteka kwerudzi (vhoriyano, matsitsi), utsotsi hwakarongwa, kuputsa kodzero dzavagari vemo, utsotsi hwemitengo yezuva nezuva, uye utsotsi hukuru hwevoruzhinji. FBI ine 56 hofisi dzeminda muupeyi weU.S. uye inoshanda pasi pe fv.[FL:3]
  • Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): DEA inonangidzira ngwariro pakusimbisa mitemo yehurumende yemirimo, kudzongonyedza masangano okutengesa mirimo, uye kudzora zvinhu. Vamiriri vanowanzoshanda namasimba omunharaunda kurwisa njodzi yeopioid uye methamphetamine kubudiswa. Mashoko akawanda pa dea.gov
  • Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firemongs ne Explopasites (ATF): ATF inosimbisa mitemo ine chokuita nezvipfura, zvibhomba, arson, uye zvinodhaka/tobacco kutengesa. Inoita basa rakakomba mukuderedza masimba masimba epfuti kupfurikidza nepfuti dzinoshandiswa muutsotsi nokutungamirira pfuti dzehurumende.
  • Ibasa rapachivande reU.S.: rakanakisisa kuzivikanwa nokuda kwokudzivirira purezidhendi, mutevedzeri, uye kushanyira vanoremekedzwa vokumwe, Secret Service inonzverawo mhaka dzemari kubatanidza kunyepedzera, kubiridzira makadhi okutenga nechikwereti, uye kuba zvitupa. Basa ravo rinodzivirira rinobatanidza kuwirirana namapurisa omunzvimbomo nokuda kwechengeteko yechinoitika.
  • U.S. Marshals Service (USMS): Basa reMarshals rinogovera chengeteko nokuda kwamatare ehurumende, vasungwa vomubatanidzwa, vanotarisira purogiramu yedziviriro yokupupurira, uye vapoteri. Ndivo vatengi vekaresa vanoshandisa mutemo wehurumende, vanovambira kudzokera shure kusvikira muna 1789.
  • Nzvimbo yeHomeland Security APPressure: Inobatanidza Tsika dzeU.S. nedziviriro yeRudzi rweRefurence (CBP), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), uye Transportation Security Administration (TSA). Vanobata muganhu, kuchengetwa kwezvokubuda munyika, uye chengeteko yezvokufambisa.

Kupomera Kumwe: Hurumende Yehurumende Inobatanidzwa Rini?

Masangano anochengetedza mutemo akarerekera kuhurumende ane chiremera pamusoro poutsotsi hunoputsa mitemo yomubatanidzwa.

  • mhosva dzomunyika: Kutengesa mirimo mumativi enyika, kupinza vanhu muchivande, kubiwa kwavanhu (kana nyajambwa akaiswa munzvimbo dzehurumende), uye kubiridzira kwewaya.
  • Thohosa panzvimbo yomubatanidzwa: mhosva dzinoitirwa pazvivako zvehondo, mapaka erudzi, zvivako zvomubatanidzwa, kana kuti nzvimbo dzemaIndia okuAmerica.
  • Kuputswa kwamaruramiro: venga mhaka, kusazvibata kwamapurisa, uye rusaruro pasi pomutemo wehurumende.
  • Unyengeri hwemari: zvirongwa zvemasvomhu makuru, kubiridzira chikwereti, kubiridzira mubhangi, uye kubhadharwa kwemitero zvakanzverwa namasangano akadai seFBI kana kuti Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation (IS-CI).
  • chengeteko yenyika: Ugandanga, utsotsi, kurwisa paIndaneti pazvivako zvinotsoropodza, uye kudzorwa kwezvokudzorwa kwegadziriro dzokunze.

Vamiriri veFederal kazhinji kazhinji vane maturusi akafara zvikuru kupfuura vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo, kubatanidza mano okuwana mabhii echengeteko enyika, mawaya echaichero pasi peFernal Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), uye tsinhirano nokuchengetwa kwomutemo kwamarudzi ose. Zvisinei, kazhinji kazhinji vanowirirana nezviremera zvomunzvimbomo kutoti utsotsi hune nexus yehurumende yakajeka.

Kubatana Pakati Pegadziriro Dzomunzvimbomo Nedzehurumende

Nepo udzori hwawo huchisiana, masangano omunzvimbomo neehurumende kazhinji kazhinji anoshanda kupfurikidza namauto ebasa, kushanda kwakabatana, uye zvibvumirano zvemashoko. Iyi batira pamwe inokosha mukukurira mabhizimisi akaoma anoshanda mumativi akawanda.

Masimba Akabatana Ebasa

Masimba ebasa anounganidza vakuru vakuru navamiriri vanobva kumasangano akasiana - siana kuti vanangidzire ngwariro pachinetso chakati choutsotsi.Mienzaniso inozivikanwa navose inobatanidza:

Kugoverana Mashoko Nouchenjeri

Mapurisa azvino uno anotsamira zvikuru pamazano ouchenjeri. Nzvimbo dzehurumende — nyika namasangano omunzvimbomo anounganidza nokunzvera mashoko etyisidziro — zvinobatira senzvimbo dzokugoverana mashoko pakati pamasangano omunzvimbomo neoruwa. Department of Homeland Security Security Information Network (HSIN), izvo zvinobvumira kuchengetwa kwomutemo pamwero yose kugoverana mashoko anotapurika asi asina kurongwa pamusoro petyisidziro dzinomuka, mibato inonyumwirwa, uye miitiro youtsotsi.

Betsero Dzokubatana

Apo masangano omunzvimbomo neomubatanidzwa anoshanda pamwe chete, miuyo yacho inogona kuva ine simba:

  • Kubatanidza: masangano eFederal anogona kugovera mari, kunzvera kwerabhoritari, midziyo yokuongorora, uye tsigiro yemadhipatimendi maduku omunzvimbomo asingagoni kubhadhara.
  • unyanzvi hwakawedzerwa: Vamiriri veFederal kazhinji kazhinji vanonakisa munzvimbo dzakaoma dzakadai seichnda yemakombiyuta, utsotsi hwemari, kana kuti ugandanga. Vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo vanounza zivo huru yenzanga dzavo noungwaru hwenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzomumugwagwa.
  • Kutongerwa kwakakomba: zvitendero zvinobatanidza kazhinji kazhinji zvine mitongo mirefu yakakomba, iyo inogona kuva kudzivisa vapari vemhosva vakakomba. Zvisarudzo zvokudare romubatanidzwa zvinogona kubvisa matsotsi ane ngozi munzanga kwenhambo refu.
  • Cross-jurinional anosvika: masimba ebasa anogona kuronda matsotsi mumitengo mizhinji nehurumende pasina kunonoka kwehurumende uko kazhinji kazhinji kunodzivisa masangano mamwe.

Matambudziko Okushandira Pamwe Kwevanhu Vomunharaunda

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero, kupopotedzana pakati pokuchengetwa kwomutemo womunzvimbomo nowehurumende hakusi kwechienzi.

Magakava Enhema

Kuziva kuti isangano ripi rine simba guru rinogona kuva negakava. Somuenzaniso, kuponda kaviri panzvimbo yeIniti America kungabatanidza zvose zviri zviviri FBI (sezvo iri nyika yehurumende) uye mapurisa erudzi rwomunzvimbomo. Kusabvumirana pamusoro pouyo anotungamirira kuongorora kunogona kunonotsa ruramisiro. Nenzira yakafanana, mumaguta umo vachuchisi vehurumende vanotsvaka kupomera mitezo yegen’a mumiraudzo yeRiCO, vafeyi vomunzvimbomo vangarangarira kuti mhaka dzavo dziri kutorwa kana kuti zvinhu zvinokosha zvehurumende hazviwirirani nezvinodikanwa zvenzanga.

Kushandisa Mari uye Kusawirirana Kwezvinhu

Masangano ehurumende kazhinji kazhinji ane mari huru zvikuru uye ruzivo rwamabasa rwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura madhipatimendi omunzvimbomo.Ikoku kunogona kuparira nzwisiso yokusaenzana. Mapurisa omunzvimbomo angashatirirwa chaanoona sechivhozhokero chehurumende, nepo vamiriri vehurumende vangarangarira masangano omunzvimbomo seasina kugadzirirwa. Mukuwedzera, mari dzehurumende dzinogona kuuya netsama dzakabatana, dzakadai sokuda mashoko kana kuti kugamuchira gadziriro dzakananga dzemapurisa idzo vatungamiriri vomunzvimbomo vangashora.

Misiyano Yetsika Neyazvinoshanda

Mapurisa omunharaunda anowanzova nepfungwa dzinotarisirwa munzanga. Vanoshandira pamwe nevagari vemo zuva nezuva uye vanozvidavirira kuvakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vomunzvimbomo. Nhume dzinoshanda, zvakapesana, kazhinji kazhinji dzichishanda pasi pomurairo wapakati uye dzine mutoo wokunzvera, unonangidzirwa. Misiyano murovedzo — vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo vanorovedzwa nokuda kwemigariro yokurinda yakakwirira, nepo vamiririri vehurumende vanowanzorovedzwa mukushanda kwenguva refu kwapachivande — vanogona kutungamirira kukukanganisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vamiririri venyika vangarangarirwa sevasinganzwisisi mashoko akapoteredza nzanga, nepo vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo vangarangarirwa sevasinganzwisisiki zvikuru.

Kusawirirana Kwematongerwe Enyika Nekwepamutemo

Gakava remisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi pamusoro pokuchengetwa kwokupinda munyika, maguta atsvene, uye masangano ehurumende nokuda kwemashoko emapurisa omunzvimbomo rakasimbisa kusawirirana kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Mimwe miganhu yomunzvimbomo inoramba kubatira pamwe navarwi veICE, kuchitungamirira kurwisano dzinogona kupedzerwa mudzimwe nharaunda dzokuchengetwa kwomutemo. Posse Comitus Act inodzivisa chiuto chehurumende kupinda mukuchengetwa kwomutemo wemudzimba, asi masangano ehurumende akadai seFBI neDEA anoshanda norusununguko, pane dzimwe nguva kuparira rwisano apo anorega mitemo yomunharaunda.

Kunyoresa Mumutemo uye Chiremera Chokutonga

Kunzwisisa miganhu yapamutemo pakati pokuchengetwa kwomutemo womunzvimbomo nowehurumende kunoda kunzvera mitemo inokosha nezvisarudzo zvedare.

Pfungwa youchangamire huviri inobvumira dzose dziri mbiri hurumende dzehurumende nedzehurumende kupomera mhaka imwe cheteyo pasina kuputsa utsotsi huviri hwePice Jeopardey Claus. Ikoku kunoreva kuti munhu anobira bhangi (iyo iri yose iri miviri utsotsi hwehurumende uye mhaka yehurumende kana bhangi rakatenderwa nehurumende) anogona kutarisana nepomero mugadziriro dzose dziri mbiri. Zvisinei, mukushanda kwezvo, vachuchichichi vehurumende kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanononoka kukwirira hurumende kutonge mhaka yacho yasvika zvinhu zvinokosha zvomubatanidzwa kana kuti inobatanidza zvirongwa zvakakura.

Zvisarudzo zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zveDare Gurusa zvakajekesa ganhuriro pasimba rehurumende mune dzimwe nharaunda, asi tsananguro huru dzeChommerce Clausle dzakabvumira hurumende yehurumende kuita mabasa outsotsi ayo ane kunyange batano duku nokutengeserana kwenyika.

Mienzaniso Yokuongorora Kwechitendero Chakakwirira Kunochinja Matanho Ose

Zviitiko chaizvoizvo zvenyika zvinoenzanisira kuti masangano omunzvimbomo neomubatanidzwa anobatira pamwe sei — uye pane dzimwe nguva anorwisana. Kunzvera kwokubhomba kweOklahoma City ya1995 kwaibatanidza FBI inotungamirira nzvero youtsotsi, nepo vadzimi vomwoto namapurisa vomunzvimbomo vakagovera dziviriro nebetsero yanyajambwa. Boston Marathon yakabhomba mapurisa eBoston Police, Massachusetts State Police, uye FBI inoshanda pamwe chete mukutsvaka uko kwakavhara guta. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Capitol brigist contry onst pa January 6, 2021, yakabatanidza zviuru zvemariso kuFBI yaibva kuFBI yavose, yakabatanidza namadhipati emapurisa omunzvimbomo kugura nyika kuti izivise nokusunga vatengi.

Kurutivi rwokuchengetedzwa kwemirimo, DEA’s Octop Overdrive vairwisa vatengesi vemethamphetamine vari munharaunda dzomumaruwa, kazhinji kazhinji vachitsamira pamahofisi omunzvimbomo ehurumende kuti agovere uchenjeri netsigiro yapasi. Nenzira yakafanana, ATF’s National Integrated Ballessis Information Network (NIB) inobvumira mapurisa omunzvimbomo kupa ufakazi hwokubudisa masheketi, iyo ipapo inonzverwa uye yakabatanidzwa nedzimwe kupfuradzo mumativi ose, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kunotungamirira ku mhaka yehurumende nokuda kwokuva nepfuti zvisiri pamutemo.

mhedziso

Musiyano pakati pokuchengetwa kwomutemo womunzvimbomo nowehurumende hauna kujeka nguva dzose, asi kunzwisisa mabasa anobetsera vagari vemo, vagadziri vemiitiro, uye vakuru vakuru vamene vanonzwisisa simba regadziriro yacho nezvikanganiso. Masangano enzvimbo anochengeta chengeteko yenzanga zuva nezuva, nepo masangano ehurumende achigovera mitoo chaiyo uye tsinhirano yenyika yose nokuda kwemhosva dzakakomba. Kuchengeteka kwavose kunoda kuti vose vari vaviri vashande mutsinhirano, pamusoro pekubatira pamwe chete kupedza zvinetso izvo pasina sangano rimwe ringagona kupedza. Utsotsina utsotsi — zvikurukuru nokukwira kwemishoni yemirimo yemirimo, uye ugandanga — mitsetse pakati penyika nehurumende ichapfuurira kujeka, kuita batira pamwe chete zvikuru kupfuura nakare. Nokuda kwokutarira kukuru mumasangano ako emapurisa negadziriro dzeFBFFF, shanyo [FFF]