Table of Contents

Kurondwa kwomutemo kunokosha zvikuru kupfurikidza nesangano ripi neripi rehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu rinotsvaka kugovera ruramisiro nenzira isina muganhu. Pamavambo aro, kuzvidavirira kunonongedzera kumiitiro, mitemo, uye miitiro izvo zvinovimbisa vakuru vakuru vamapurisa namasangano avo zvinozvidavirira nokuda kwezviito zvavo. (zvikurukuru apo zviito izvozvo zvinoputsa mutemo, mirau yavanhu, kana kuti maruramiro avanhu. Pasina miganhu inorema kuzvidavirira, kunyange mapurisa anosanosarondwa anogona kurasikirwa nechivimbo chavose icho chiri madikanwa nokuda kwokudzivirirwa kwoutsotsi hunobudirira nekotsekamikanekano yenzanga. Nyaya inopa kunzvera kukuru kwokuzvidavirira kwomutemo, kuzvidavirira kwawo, ganhuriro dzinoramba kukuitwa kwawo, uye zvigadzikiso zvinosanopfumidzwa izvo zvinogona kuita kuti nhevedzano ruramisiro ive nhevedzano yavose inoita kuti gadziriro yorunako nokuda kwomunhu ari wose.

Nhoroondo Yokuzvidavirira Kwehurumende

Murangariro wazvino uno wamapurisa hauna kubuda mumugariro wavanhu. Muzana ramakore rechi 19 napakuvamba rechi 20, policial yeAmerica yakadzorwa zvikuru, ichibatira fariro dzemichina yezvamatongerwe enyika nenyanzvi dzakapfuma. Masangano amapurisa okutanga akasanoumbwa, akadai seyakagadzwa muNew York muna 1845, akashanda pasina utarisiri hwehurumende. Kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira kusangano rekodzero dzavagari vemo renyika re 1960 iro rinowana utanhamari hwerudzi. Zviitiko zvakakwirira zvezviito zvehoshoo dzamapurisa (se komuma 1965 yenyongano dzamaProeting uye kurohwa kwaHondreyy (Z $8) uye kurohwa kwa199 kwenzanga yezvikumbiro zvakapararira nokuda kwokuvara nokuvandudza. Izvi zviitiko zvakatungamirira kukuumbwa kwegadziriro kwehurumende kwehurumende yehurumende yehondo yehurumende yehurumende neMitemo yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeSangano dzinodzokororwa zvikuru, zvichipfuutswa zvikuru, zvichidzorwa zvikuru kupfurikidza nokupfurwa kupfurikidza nokupfuudzorwa kwegadziriro yemitemo yenzanga dzenyika,

Kukosha Kukuru Kwokuzvidavirira Mutsika Dzazvino Uno

Masangano anoona nezvokuchengeteka kwemitemo paanochengetwa pamipimo yakakwirira kupfurikidza nemiitiro inojeka, nzanga yose inobetserwa.

Kudzivirirwa Kwekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Kudzivirirwa kweFenth Amendment pakutsvaka kusina musoro uye kubatwa nepfari, vimbiso yeFindth Amendment yokurambidza kwaSend Findrence kuranga kwoutsinye uye kusiri kwenguva dzose zvose hazvina zvazvinoreva kana mapurisa anohutyora asina migumisiro.

Kuvaka Nokuchengeta Chivimbo Chavose

Kuvimba imari yemapurisa anobudirira. Nzanga dzinodavira kuti vakuru vakuru vavo vachavabata zvakanaka sezvingabvira zvikuru vanoshuma mhaka, vanobatira pamwe nenzvero, uye vanobatira sezvapupu. Nzvero ya2020 yakaitwa nePew Research Center yakawana kuti 38% yeBlack America ne 56% yeHispanic America dzakaratidza chivimbo mumapurisa omunzvimbomo, kana zvichienzaniswa na73% yeWhite America. Kuisa izvi zvisaririra kunoda kuzvidavirira kunowirirana.

Kuzvidzwa Netsika Dzakaipa

Migumisiro yakajeka nokuda kwokusazvibata — kubva pakuzvidzora nokurevesa kusvikira kukuparadza nokupa mhaka dzoutsotsi — tumirai shoko rine simba rokuti kubatwa zvisina kufanira hakuzoshivirirwi.

Kuvandudza Kunoramba Kuchiita Tsika Dzechipo

Gadziriro dzokuzvidavirira, apo dzakasanogadzirwa, dzinobudisa mashoko anogona kunzverwa kuzivisa mitoo yechinetso", yakadai somwero wakakwirira weboka rakati wekushandiswa kwezvinoitika zvesimba kana kuti kusawirirana kwedzinza mukumira kwemotokari. aya mashoko anosunda kugadziridza, kugadziridza kwomuitiro, uye kugoverwa kwamanyuko, kuita kuti mapato ave akachengeteka uye anobudirira zvikuru.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvikuru Zvokuzvidavirira Kunobudirira

Pasinei nokuziva kwakafara kukosha kwaro, kuzvidavirira kune revo kunoramba kuri nyore.

Kushaikwa Kwokuyera mativi Ose uye Kuunganidzwa Kwemashoko

Madhipatimendi akawanda amapurisa anoshanda nokutarisira kwakaderera. Angarega zvinyorwa zvenyunyuto, kushandisa mishumo inomanikidza, kana kuti zviito zvokuranga, kududza mitemo yakavanzika kana kuti zvibvumirano zvebasa. Kunyange apo mifungo inounganidzwa, kazhinji kazhinji inopesana, kuchiita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuita basa rebhendi kana kuti kuziva zvinetso zvegadziriro. [FLT] [] LAW INFDmentation ALD data yemitem

“ Rusvingo Rwebhuruu Rwokunyarara”

Kurega kutaurirana kunowanzotadzisa vakuru vakuru kushuma zvakaipa zvinoitwa nevamwe vavo, dzimwe nguva zvichikonzerwa nokutyisidzira kutsiva kwenzanga kana kuti kwenyanzvi, zvinodzivirira vatadzi nemadhipatimendi anodzivirira kuti vasaongororwa.

Zvinhu Zvisinganyatsoshandisi Miviri

Madare anotarisira avagari vemo, vatungamiriri vehurumende, uye masangano enhau omukati kazhinji kazhinji haapindwi basa uye haafarirwi. Vangatarisana nenziyo dzezviuru zvenyunyuto, kuchitungamirira kukunzverwa kwenguva refu nezviwanwa zvishomanene zvinotsigirwa. Mukuwirirana ne[FLT]] Convention for Civinian Oversidect of Law Inforcement[[FLT][FLT]], kutarisira kunoshanda kunoda mari yakatsaurirwa, simba repeyi, uye kuzvimirira kubva kuboka remapurisa.

Dziviriro Dzapamutemo Nedzavose

Masangano amapurisa akataurirana zvibvumirano zvinogona kudzivirira vakuru vakuru pakuzvidavirira. Gadziriro dzakadai se “chirango chinofanira kuiswa mukati menhambo pfupi yenguva,”“ vakuru vane maruramiro okuhwirudzura kutaura kwokunyunyuta vasati vabvunzwa,” uye “nyunyuto dzenhema dzisinganzverwi" dzakarovedzeka. Mukuwedzera, dzidziso yokudzivisa kukwaniriswa kunogona kuita kuti kuve kusingabviri kuisa vakuru vakuru voga vanotapurwa nemitemo, kunyange apo vanoita mukutenda kwakashata.

Kusanyatsorovedza Patsika Nokuderedza Kukura Kwemari

Zvikoro zvakawanda zvinopa maawa mashomanene bedzi omurayiridzo pamusoro petsika, rusaruro, uye kuderera, nepo zvichipa mazana amaawa kupfuti nokuzvidzivirira. Varwi vanopinda mumunda vasina kugadzirira kubata nenhamo dzendangariro, kuita misiano yendangariro pasina masimba masimba, kana kuti kutungamirira tsika. Gadziriro dzokuzvidavirira hadzigoni kupedza kundikano yerovedzo; ivo vanogona bedzi kuranga miuyo iyo rovedzo inofanira kuva yakadzivisa.

Michina Yokusimbisa Kuzvidavirira

Hapana kuchinja kumwe chete kwakakwana, asi kana kwabatanidzwa, zvinhu zvinotevera zvinogona kuita kuti munhu azvidavirire.

Mabhodhi Anotarisirwa Nevanhuwo Zvawo

Mabhodhi akaumbwa nemitezo yenzanga isina batano nokuchengetwa kwomutemo anogona kuhwirudzura nyunyuto, kunzvera kushandiswa kwezvinoitika zvesimba, uye kuita rumbidzo dzemitemo. Mabhodhi anoshanda zvikurusa ane simba rakaderera, zano rapamutemo rakasununguka, uye chiremera chokumanikidza chipupuriro. Mienzaniso yakadai se Office of Police Clickts muWashington, D. yakaratidza kuti kutarira kwokuzvimirira kunogona kuderedza nyunyuto nokuwedzera chivimbo munzanga.

Macamera akagadzirwa noMuviri ne Ruzivo Rwokuratidzira

Makamera omuviri, apo akabatanidzwa nemiitiro yakajeka pamusoro pokuti inofanira kunyorwa sei uye kuti tsoka inochengetwa sei, inogovera chinyorwa chakananga chezviwirirano. Nzvero dzakawana kuti makamera anoderedza zvichemo zvose zviri zviviri uye zviitiko zvesimba. Zvisinei, haasati ari pamutemo: vakuru vakuru vangakundikana kuita kuti makamera ashande, uye tsoka dzinogona kunyimwa kana kuti kurongwa. Policies anofanira kuraira kubudiswa kwomuzvarirwo kwezvirekodwa muzvinoitika zvakakomba.

Kukurumidza Kupindira

Miitiro yemireza yapakuvamba inonyevera ichiratidza mitoo yetsika dzechinetso − yakadai senyunyuto dzakawanda, kushandiswa kwesimba nguva dzose, kana kuti zviverengero zvakakwirira zvekumira kwemotokari. Ava vakuru vakuru vanogona kupiwa zano, kurovedza, kana kuti tarisiro yapedyo mufambiro wavo usati wawedzera. Police Profectical Research Forum yakabudisa nhungamiro dzokushandisa gadziriro dzakadaro nenzira inobudirira.

Mirayiro Yakaregeredzwa uye Kutarisira Kwehurumende

Apo Dhipatimendi reRuramisiro reU.S. rinowana mutoo kana kuti muitiro wepoto yehurumende, inogona kupinda mumurairo wokubvumirana − chibvumirano chedare chinoraira dare kuita chinjo dzakati. Mirayiro yebvumirano mumaguta se Baltimore, New Orleans, uye Cleveland[FLDA:1] yakatungamirira kukuvandudzwa kwemitemo pakushandisa simba, mapurisa akasununguka, uye kuvimbisana kwenzanga, kunyange zvazvo muitiro wacho unogona kutora makore gumi kana kuti kupfuura.

Kusimbisa Dziviriro Dzemavhuvhu

Vakuru vakuru vanoshuma kusazvibata mukati kazhinji kazhinji vanotsiva. Mitemo inodzivirira vanoridza mhete pakuderedzwa, kupfura, kana kuti kunetswa (kwakadai se Raw yeChibvumirano cheRevolution [ mune dzimwe nyika] inodikanwa kuputsa tsika yokunyarara.

Zvidzidzo Zvenyika Chaizvoidzo Zvinobva Kunhamburiko Dzokuchinja

Kunzvera nhau chaidzo kunozivisa zvose zviri zviviri bviro neganhuriro dzezviito zvokuzvidavirira.

Seattle, Washington: Kutarisira Vanhu Munharaunda Kuchiitwa

Seattle’s Community Police Community Commission, yakagadzwa pashure pomurairo weDOJ wekubvuma, inobatanidza mitezo yokuvhota inobva munzanga dzakasiyana- siyana uye inoshanda iri yoga yedhipatimendi ramapurisa. Komishoni inohwirudzura miitiro, marusando enzanga, uye inoita rumbidzo dzinobatanidza kuzvidavirira. Mushumo 2022 wakataura kuderera kwe 30% mushandisiro yesimba chifo chaapo rakavamba basa rayo.

Camden, New Jersey: Department Revedment

Muna 2013, Camden akabvisa chikwata chose chemapurisa pashure pemakore akawanda ouori nokusavimbana. Dhipatimendi idzva renyika yakabatana rakagamuchira mushandi wemapurisa enzanga, richida kuti vakuru vakuru vafambe, vapinde misangano yenharaunda, uye varapwe maawa 40. ChiCrimeseti chakadzika zvikuru, uye kunyunyuta kwakapera ne95% mumakore mashanu. Kuedza kweCamden kunoratidza kuti kuchinja kukuru kwezvivako, nepo kwakaoma, kunogona kubudirira.

Los Angeles: Murayiro Wokubvuma Wava Mutambo

Pashure pechinyadziso cheRampart chomugumo wema1990(8) uko vakuru vakuru vakawanikwa vakapinda mukuita zvechipameso, kutengesa mirimo, uye kupfura zvinodhaka (*) LAPD yakashanda pasi pomutemo webvumirano wehurumende kubva muna 2001 kusvika muna 2013. Murayiro wacho wakamanikidzira dhipatimendi kuronga kutevedzerwa kwemichina yekomupiyuta yokushandisa zviitiko zvekufambisa zvinoda kutorerwa, kutanga gadziriro yokupindira yapakarepo, uye kutanga mukuru mukuru mukuru weakazvishandira. Nepo zvinetso zvichisara, LAPD zvino zvino inoonekwa zvikuru somutungamiriri mukuzvidavirira kweminamatenzi wenhau.

Chicago: Kurwira Kuchinja Zvinhu Kwakatsigiswa

Dhipatimendi remapurisa reChicago rave riri pasi pomutemo wekubvumirana kubvira muna 2019 pashure pokubudiswa kwevhidhiyo inoratidza kuuraya kwa2014 Laquan McDonald. Kuchinja kwakabatanidza kushandisa mitemo yedanho, kurovedza njodzi, uye dare rinotarisira ruzhinji. Zvisinei, fambiro mberi yave isina kuenzana, nenhevedzo yakazvimirira inoshuma kunonoka nokudzivisa mubatanidzwa wamapurisa. Chicago inoratidzira kuti kunyange nemitemo yepamutemo, kuzvidavirira kwechokwadi kunoda dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika uye kupfuurira munzanga.

Basa Reruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Pakuderera Kwokuzvidavirira

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runogovera zvishandiso zvine simba zvokuona, asi runobudisawo ngozi itsva dzinofanira kutarisirwa.

Muviri Nemakamera Akarovesa: Chinyorwa Chakavhengana

Makamera akagadzirwa nomuviri zvino ava anorevererwa mumadhipatimendi akawanda. Nzvero inobva ku Journal yeChirimitive Chirwere cheCrimin [ yakawana kuti makamera akaderedza kuitika kwokushandiswa kwesimba ne 37% uye nyunyuto ne 30%. Kunyange zvakadaro miuyo inotsamira pamuitiro: mapato anobvumira vakuru vakuru kurangarira mishumo isati yanyora ingadzivisa betsero dzinodarirwa, sezvo vakuru vakuru vakuru vanogona kugadzira nhau dzavo. Miitiro yakanakisisa inoda kuti vakuru vakuru vanyore kurukurirano dzose navanhu vose uye kuti kufambidzana netsoka kudzokerwe kwamazuva 90.

Masitiro eGPS nenzvimbo inozviitikira inonzi Vehicle (AVL)

Kutsvaka nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa nemotokari kunobatsira vatarisiri kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vakuru vakuru vari kufukidza mabhiti avo uye havaiti zvinhu zvisina basa.

Zvidhina Zvinoratidza Kuti Vanhu Vachashuma

Masangano akawanda zvino anobudisa mabhodhi anoratidzira zviitiko zvesimba, kumira kwechiverengero chavagari vemo, uye miuyo yokunyunyuta. Aya maturusi anopa simba vatori venhau, vanzveri, uye vanhu kuti vasazvidavirira kumadhipatimendi. Brennan Center for Justice[[FL:1] anorumbidza kuti madhipatimendi ose aite kuti aya awanike mumafashoni ezvigadzirwa.

Ngozi Dzokudeya Kutaurwa Kwetsika Nokunetsa

Maarutimendi akarovedzwa pamashoko okusunga enhau anogona kupfuudzira mirangariro yedzinza nenzanga. Kana gadziriro dzokuzvidavirira dzichitsamira bedzi pamikana yengozi ine AI yakarongwa, angawedzera kusaruramisira chaiko kwadzinovavarira kururamisa. Kutarisira kwomunhu, kunzvera nguva dzose, uye kujeka mugadziriro yemitemo kunokosha.

Kurovedza uye Chinjo Yetsika Mumutemo

Kuzvidavirira hakungogumiri pakuranga kusiri mufambiro wakanaka chete, asi kutokudzivirira nokudzidza uye kuchinja tsika.

Kurovedza Kuderedza Kushanda Nenhamo (CITI)

Madhipatimendi emapurisa anopfuura 2 700 akagamuchira zvirongwa zveCIT, zvinodzidzisa vakuru vakuru kuziva chirwere chepfungwa, kukurukurirana zvinobudirira, uye kushandisa nzira dzisina masimba masimba kuti vagadzirise kusawirirana.Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti CIT inoderedza kukuvadzwa kwevakuru vakuru nevagari vemo uye inoita kuti mwero wokusungwa kwevanhu vari munjodzi ude kuitirwa vakuru vakuru vose.

Kutsvaka Tsika Kwakakwana

Nzvero inoratidzira kuti fungidziro dzisingazivi dzinogona kupesvedzera kuita chisarudzo muzvinoitika zvesendine. Kurovedza kunobetsera vakuru vakuru kuziva nokuderedza iyi mirangariro kwakaratidzirwa kuderedza paradzano yedzinza mumireza nokunzvera. Zvisinei, rovedzo yoga haikwani; inofanira kubatanidzwa nemirairo inoganhurira miitiro yakaganhurirwa, yakadai serambidzo pakumira kwapamberi perugwaro.

Tsika Neperero Setsika Dzakanaka

Madhipatimendi amapurisa anoverengeka akabatanidza kuita chisarudzo chetsika muzvidzidzo zvawo zvechikoro. Policial Standard muenzanisiro, unoshandiswa neNew York Police Department, unoshandisa fundo dzenhau nerovedzo yakavakirwa pazvinoitika kusimbisa ukoshi hweperero kunyange mudzvinyiriro.

Kuzvidavirira Kwevatungamiriri

Chinjo hadzisati dzichizonamatira kana vatarisiri namadzishe vasingapiwi mhaka nokuda kwokundikano. Kusimudzira kunofanira kusungirwa kuchinyorwa chomutungamiriri mukuderedza nyunyuto, kushandisa mapurisa omunzanga, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mapurisa anowirirana nemitemo yekamera. Mamwe masangano zvino anoshandisa “zvikwaniriso zvemishumo” nokuda kwavashandi vemiraudzo.

Kubatanidzwa Munzanga Nokugadzirwa Kwechengeteko Yavose

Kuzvidavirira mugwagwa unofamba nenzira mbiri. Nzanga dzinofanira kuva nechigaro patafura mukuumba miitiro yemapurisa nezvinokosha.

Tsika Dzomunharaunda Dzakaita Zvakanaka

Purofesa yenzanga haisati ichingovawo nhimbe yePR. Inoda mugove wechigarire wavakuru vakuru kunharaunda, misangano yenguva dzose, uye chinetso chakabatana navagari vemo. Kana ikaitwa zvakanaka, inowedzera udzori hwenzanga uye inoderedza kudikanwa kwokuita kuti vanhu varambe vachirangwa. U.S. Department of the Community Policing Services (COPS) Office yezvokugara. inogovera mipiro nerovedzo kutsigira izvi nhamburiko.

Kushandisa Mari Yacho Nokuda Kwokuchengeteka Kwevanhu

Mamwe maguta akaedza kubvumira vagari vemo kusarudza kuti chikamu chemari yamapurisa chinoshandiswa sei. Somuenzaniso, Dare reNew York City rePaparicationing project yeHrejing rakabvumira mitezo yenzanga kutsigira mapurogiramu epwere, mabasa outano hwendangariro, uye magetsi omumugwagwa (kufambisa mutoro pamapurisa) uye kupedza zvisakiso zvikuru zvoutsotsi.

Boka Rinotarisira Vanhu Rine Simba Chairoiro

Mabhodhi edzokororori akanyanyowanda avanhuwo zvavo anongotaura, asina chiremera chokuranga kana kuti kumanikidza chinjo mumuitiro.Vashandi vanopikisa kuti mapuranga anofanira kuva nesimba duku, vaongorori vakazvimirira, uye mano okurumbidza miuyo inodikanwa kugamuchira kana kuti kutsanangura mutsamba.

Ruramisiro Yokutsiva Nekurukurirano Dzamapurisa

Apo kusazvibata kwamapurisa kunoitika, vagadzirisi veruramisiro vanogona kubatanidza nyajambwa, mukuru mukuru, uye vamiriri venzanga kuti vakurukure kuvadziko ndokubvumirana pamishonga. Nepo zvisina kufanira nokuda kwezvinoitika zvakakomba, mutoo uyu wave uchishandiswa nenzira inobudirira mumaguta akadai se Longmont, Colorado kugadzira chivimbo pashure pezvinoitika zviduku.

Kupedzisa: Nzira Iri Mberi

Kuzvidavirira kwomutemo haisi donzo rinopfuurira asi muitiro unopfuurira. (8) Kunyange makamera echikwata, utarisiri, kana kuti mitemo inobvumira (zvinogona kuvimbisa kururama). Panzvimbo pezvo, chinjo inogara nguva dzose inoda nzanga yokuchinja kunowirirana: muunganidzwa wemashoko, utarisiri, kusachenjera kushandisa ruzivo, rovedzo inopfuurira, uye nzanga yechokwadi. Zvinetso zvacho zvinova zvinokosha, asi mapango haagoni kuva akakwirira. Nguva iri yose mukuru mukuru mukuru anoshanda pasina mutoro, chivimbo chavose chegadziriro yeruramisiro chinoderera uye kuva pamutemo kwegadziriro yeruramisiro kunoitika. Nenzira inopesana, nguva iri yose inogamuchira kuzvidavirira kwezvikanganiso, kurangana, kukanganisa, uye kuteerera nzanga zvinobatira nhano kunzanga yakarurama. Nzira mberi inoda kuzvipira kupfurikidza navapurisa, vatungamiriri, uye vagari vemo vakafanana. Inguva iyoyo bedzi tinogona kuvimbisa kuva chinhu chaichoivo mumutemo wose mukutonga ruramisiro.