Rusaruro rwezera runoramba rwuri denho yakapararira munzvimbo dzebasa mumaindasitiri ose. Apo mushandi kana kuti mukumbiri webasa anodavira kuti vabatwa zvisina kufanira nemhaka yezera ravo, kunyunyuta nezviremera zvakarurama kunogona kutanga kunzvera kwakarongwa kuronga kana mutemo waputswa. Kunzwisisa kuti nyunyuto idzi dzinonzverwa ndokupedzwa kunotambudza sei vose vari vaviri avo vangave vachirangarira kunyoresa maruramiro navashandirwi avo vanoda kuwirirana nemitemo inorwisana nezvakaipa. Iyi nhungamiro inogovera kupfupikiswa kwakakwana kwegadziriro, kubva pakunzvera kwokutanga, chisarudzo, uye kutevera kutungamirira.

Kunzwisisa Kusarura Vanhu Nezvezera Ravo uye Zvakunoita

Rusaruro rwezera runoitika apo munhu mumwe nomumwe anobatwa zvakanaka zvishoma nemhaka yezera rake, zvikurukuru rinotapura vashandi vane makore 40 navakuru. MuUnited States, mutemo mukuru wehurumende unorambidza rusaruro rwezera mumabasa ndi Age Discrimination in Observatory Act (ADEA) ya1967]. ADEA inoshanda kuvashandirwi vane 20 kana kuti vanopfuura, kubatanidza hurumende dzehurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, masangano ebasa, uye masangano ebasa. Inodzivirira rusaruro pavanhu mukubhadharwa, kusimudzwa, kubhadharwa, uye mibayiro kana kuti mabasa.

Dzimwe nyika dzine dziviriro dzakafanana. Somuenzaniso, United Kingdom’s Act yeSayenzi yeMasano ya2010 inorambidza rusaruro rwezera mukushanda nokurovedza mabasa. European Union’s Employment Exation Direction [2000/78/EC] inogovera gadziriro yemasangano emitezo kurwisa rusaruro rwezera. Kunzwisisa mashoko apamutemo anokosha nemhaka yokuti miitiro yokunzvera nemishonga zvinosimubatanidzwa zvinosiana nebumbiro renyika.

Basa Rezvirongwa Zvokumanikidza

.Equal Opportunity Commission (EOC) isangano rehurumende rine mutoro wokusimbisa ADEA muUnited States. Pamwero wehurumende, nyika zhinji dzine masangano ebasa akaenzana (FEPA) anonzvera kutaura kwerusarura pasi pemitemo yehurumende. Muzvimwe zviitiko, aya masangano anoshanda muvhantem neEEOC kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvebasa. Mapoka akafanana aripo munyika yose, se kusasarura uye Komisheni yavanhu [[FLT]] muUK [FLT] na [FLT:] .Australian Rights Human Rights [FFFF]

Maruramisirwe Anoitwa Rusaruro Rwezera Ravo

Muitiro wacho unovamba apo munhu anopa nyunyuto yapamutemo, inowanzonzi “kubhadharwa kworusaruro,” kusangano rakakodzera. Kupomera idiro kuisa mhaka yapachivande muADEA. Kunyunyuta kunogona kuchengetwa mumunhu, netsamba, kupfurikidza norunhare, kana kuti paIndaneti nomunomirari yavose yeEEOC. Kunokosha kucherekedza kuti ganhuriro dzorumano dzenguva dzinoshanda – kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji, pomero inofanira kuiswa mukati me mazuva 180 echiito chinopomerwa kuva noutsotsi (idzorwa kumazuva 300 mukutaura nemitemo inorwisana nedimicration).

Mutongo wacho unofanira kuva nemashoko akajeka:

  • Zita rakazara, kero, uye mashoko efoni zvomunyunyuti
  • Zita nekero zvomushandirwi (asina kubatana)
  • Tsananguro yakajeka yechiito chokusasarura chinofungidzirwa uye apo chakaitika
  • Hwaro hworusaruro (nzvimbo, uye kana zvichishanda, mavara akadzivirirwa okuwedzera)
  • Ufakazi hupi nohupi hunowirirana, hwakadai samaemail, kuhwirudzura kushanda, kutaura kwapupu, kana kuti magwaro emitemo

Kana nyunyuto yacho ikanonoka kupera kana kuti ikanonoka kupiwa, pomero yacho ingarambwa kana ikagamuchirwa, sangano racho richabatira ziviso yepomero pamuridzi womushandi ndokutanga kunzvera.

Kuongorora Kwaiitwa Muudzame

Pashure pokunge pomero yagamuchirwa, nhano yokunzvera inovamba. Nharidzano yokuunganidza ufakazi hwakakwana hwokuwana kana pane “chisakiso chine mufungo” chokudavira kuti rusaruro rwezera rwakaitika. Iyi nhano inowanzobatwa nomunzveri kana kuti nyanzvi yokutenga zvokudya. Muitiro wacho unogona kutora mwedzi inoverengeka, pane dzimwe nguva kusvikira kugore kana kuti kupfuura, kuchitsamira pakuoma kwenhau yacho uye mutengo wesangano.

Mugove Wokutanga Neziviso

Mushandirwi anowanzonzi anyore tsamba yebasa, izvo zvingasanganisira magwaro uye mashoko okuramba mhosva yacho.

Kuunganidza Uchapupu

Mitoo inozivikanwa navose inobatanidza:

  • Mirangariro: Munyunyuti, vamiriri vomushandirwi, uye zvapupu zvipi nezvipi zvinowirirana zvingabvunzurudzwa mumhiko kana kuti namasanga. Munzveri angabvunza pamusoro pemiitiro yomushandirwi, miitiro yokuita zvisarudzo, uye migariro chaiyo yorusaruro runonzi.
  • Tsamba Zvikumbiro: Sangano ringakumbira mafaira avashandi, mari inobhadharwa, rondedzero dzebasa, nhamba dzemari, zvinyorwa zvokuranga, uye kunyunyuta kwomukati. Panhau dzezera, mashoko pamusoro pekuparadzirwa kwezera ravashandi, kubviswa, kana kuti kusimudzirwa kunogona kuva kunokosha zvikuru.
  • Panzvero yeSult: Muzvimwe zviitiko, munzveri angashanyira nzvimbo yebasa yomushandirwi kuti aongorore zvinyorwa, kucherekedza migariro, kana kuti kubvunzurudza vashandi nenzira yakavanzika.
  • Sativical Analysis:[ Nokuda kwezvinotaurwa zvorusaruro rwegadziriro, vaongorori vanganzvera mitoo yokurovha kana kuti yokukwidziridza kuti vaone kana zera rakaita basa rinokosha zvikuru muzvisarudzo zvakaipa.

Mipimo Yapamutemo Nomutoro Woufakazi

Panenge pachiongororwa, sangano racho rinoshandisa mipimo yepamutemo yakatangwa. Pasi peADEA, munyunyuti anofanira kuratidza kuti zera rakanga riri “asi nokuda kwa” chisakiso chebasa rakaipa – kureva kuti chiito chacho chaisazova chinhu chisina kuva chisakiso chezera. Ichi itsika yakakwirira kupfuura“ nzvero inonyandura” inoshandiswa paTitle VII nokuda kwedzinza kana kuti shatiso yevatano. Vatendishi vanotsvaka ufakazi hwakananga (umh., tsinhiro dzakajeka dzakava noufakazi hwezera) kana kuti ufakazi (um., muenzaniso wavashandi vakura vanotsiviwa navaduku).

Mushandirwi anogona kudzivirira kutaura kwacho nokuratidza kuti chiito chacho chakavakirwa pane chimwe chinhu chine musoro kunze kwezera (RFOA), zvakadai sezvinodiwa nebhizimisi zviri pamutemo, nhau dzokuita basa, kana kuti matanho okuderedza mari akashandiswa pasina kupindira.

Nguva Yakakodzera uye Kunonoka Kwatingaitwa

EEOC inoronga kupedza kunzvera mukati mamazuva 180 okunyora, asi nhau dzakaoma kazhinji kazhinji dzinotora nguva refu. Kunonoka kunogona kuitika apo mapati anokundikana kupindura nokukurumidza, kukumbira, kana kuti apo vaongorori vanenge vachibata nhau dzakawanda. Vanyunyuti vanogona kukumbira chiziviso cha “pakusvika kumativi makuru” kubva kuEEOC pashure pamazuva 180, icho chinovabvumira kunyora mhaka mudare rehurumende kunyange kana kunzvera kuchipfuurira.

Mitoo Yokusarudza: Kubva Pakutaurirana Kuenda Kuchiito Chapamutemo

Kana kuongorora kwapera, sangano racho rinopa chisarudzo. Pane migumisiro mitatu mikuru: hapana chisakiso chine mufungo, kana kuti chigadzikiso chakawanwa kupfurikidza nechisarudzo chokumwe kupesana. Nzira imwe neimwe ine revo dzakajeka nokuda kwamativi ose ari maviri.

Hapana Chisakiso Chine Mufungo Chokutsunga

Kana munzveri akawana ufakazi husina kukwana hwokutsigira kutaura kwacho, sangano richapa “chisakiso chisina mufungo” chokutsunga ndokudzinga pomero. Munyunyuti anogamuchira chiziviso chakarurama chenhau, achibvumira kunyora dare rapachivande mukati mamazuva 90. Mushandirwi anoziviswa nezvokudzingwa, uye mhaka yacho inopfigwa mumurangariro wesangano.

Chisakiso Chine Mufungo Chokutsunga

Kana munzveri akawana ufakazi hwakakwana hwokudavira kuti rusaruro rwakaitika, sangano racho rinopa “chisakiso chine mufungo” chisarudzo. Ikoku kunonyandura muitiro wokubvumirana kwetsika, umo sangano rinoedza kusvika kugaro kwokuzvidira pakati pamapoka. Sangano richakarakadza mishonga chaiyo, yakadai somuripo, kudzorerwa, kubhadharwa, kana kuti chinjo dzemitemo. Mushandirwi anokurudzirwa kutora rutivi mukutenda kwakanaka, asi kana kubvumirana kukundikana, sangano racho ringaisa mhaka nokuda kwomunyunyuti. Muchiito, EEOC inokwedzera mukaka muduku bedzi kenhau dzine mufungo, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kacho kuchengetwa kwenhau dzevoruzhinji kana kuti mufambiro wakashata wakakomba.

Kubudisa Nhau Negakava Rinotsiva

Masangano akawanda anopa kutaurirwa kwokuzvidira pakuvamba mukuita, pamberi pokuvamba kwenzvero yakazara. Chirongwa cheEOC chokubudisira mashoko hachibhadhari uye chakavanzika. Murevereri asingatori rutivi anobetsera mapato kukurukurirana nokunzvera zvigadzikiso zvinobvumiranwa. Kuyananisa kunogona kupedza kurukurirano nokukurumidza, kazhinji mumwedzi mishomanene, uye kudzivisa dzvinyiriro nendyiko dzenzvero refu kana kuti rondedzero. Kugara mumashoko kunogona kubatanidza muripo wemari, kudzorerwa kwebasa, nongedzero dzisingatsigiri, kana kuti purogiramu yebasa. Hapana boka rinodikanwa kugamuchira bvumirano, uye kushatiswa maruramiro okupfuurira kunzvera kana kukundikana.

Kupomera uye Kutonga Kwedare

Kana kurangana kana kuti kuyananisa zvikakundikana, uye sangano rinosarudza kuisa mhaka mudare rehurumende. Munyunyuti anogonawo kuisa mhaka yapachivande pashure pokugamuchira chiziviso chakarurama chenhau. Mudare, mutoro weufakazi unotsamira pamutengi kuti aratidze kuti zera rakanga riri chisakiso chinodzivisa chiito chakaipa. Miedzo inogona kubatanidza majaji, uye vatambi vanobudirira vangawanazve mubhadharo, mubhadharo wapamberi wapamberi, mari yakabviswa (kaviri kana kuputsa kwacho kwakanga kuri kwamaune), mitero yegwetaro, uye nyaradzo inokodzera somuridzo. Kuko wezvirango kunogona kuva kwakakomba, zvikurukuru apo vashandirwi vanowanwa vanoitwa kuva vanoita nokusazviito zvokuzvidzwa nokuda kwomutemo.

Kudzivirirwa Pakudzorwa uye Kutevedzerwa

Mitemo yeFederal nehurumende inodzivirira zvakajeka vanhu vanonyora zvichemo zverusaruraganda zvezera kuti vasatsiva. MuADEA, hazvibvumirwi kuti mushandirwi arange mushandi nokuda kwemiitiro yokupandukira mhaka, kuisa dare, kutora rutivi mukunzvera, kana kuti kupupurira mukupfuurira. Kurevererwa kunogona kubatanidza kubviswa, kubviswa, kutambudzwa, mubhadharo, kana kuti chimwe chiito chipi nechipi chakaipa. Kana kutsiva kuchipomerwa, mushandi anogona kuisa mhaka yakaparadzana, uye sangano racho ringanzvera zvose zviri zviviri rusaruro rwapakuvamba nechiito chokutsiva.

Pashure pechigaro kana kuti chisarudzo chinobudirira, masangano angatevera kunzvera kutevera kuva nechokwadi chokuti vashandirwi vakashandisa mishonga inobvumiranwa, yakadai sokudzosa mitemo, kurovedza, kana kuti kudzorera vashandi kunzvimbo dzavo dzawo dzakafanira. Somuenzaniso, EEOC ingada mishumo inotevedzerwa nguva nenguva kana kuti shanyo dzepurogiramu. Uku kutungamirira kunopfuurira kunobetsera kudzivisa kupunzwa kwomunguva yemberi uye kusimbisa ukoshi hwemiitiro yebasa yezera rimwe nerimwe.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokuti Vashandirwi Vadzivise Ndokubata Nezvinyunyuto

Vashandirwi vanogona kuderedza zvikuru ngozi yokunyunyuta kwekusarurwa kwezera ravo nokushandisa matanho anoshanda.

  • Kubatanidza mitemo inorwisana nokusasarura inorambidza zvakajeka shanje yezera muzvisarudzo zvose zvebasa, nerovedzo yenguva dzose yamaneja nevashandi veHR.
  • Zvisarudzo zvebhizimisi zvokusaidziranwa [ - nhau dzebasa, mipimo yokubvisa, uye zvisarudzo zvokusimudzirwa zvinofanira kuvakirwa pavavariro, zvinhu zvine chokuita nebasa zvinogona kudzivirirwa kana zvichidenhwa.
  • chiverengero chavashandi panhambo nenhambo kuziva mitoo ipi neipi ingakarakadza kuvadziko inopesana pavashandi vakura.
  • Kuwirirana nokukurumidza uye nebatira pamwe apo pomero inochengetwa, apo unenge uchinzvera zano rapamutemo. Kubatira pamwe navaongorori nokugovera mashoko akakwana, mashoko akarurama anogona kuratidzira kutenda kwakanaka uye sezvingabvira kupfupikisa muitiro wacho.
  • [ Kurangarira kutaurirana pakuvamba kupedza nharo dzinoda kushanda uye zvakavanzika.

Kukosha Kwokumirira Mutemo

Vashandi vanobatsirwa nenhungamiro yepamutemo. Kune vashandi, gweta ragara nebasa rinogona kubatsira kuunganidza ufakazi, kuva nechokwadi chokuti pomero yacho inoiswa mukati memisi, uye kugoverwa kwemitemo. Nokuda kwavashandirwi, zano rapamutemo rinogona kubetsera mukugadzirira kutaura kwenzvimbo, kunzvera kwomukati, uye kubvunzurudza pasina pembedzo. Muzvinoitika zvizhinji, zano rapakuvamba rapamutemo rinogona kudzivisa kusanzwisisana kuduku kuenda kukuwedzera kupinda munyunyuto dzepamutemo.

Maonero Anoita Nyika Dzose Kuongorora Kwezera Rake Nekusarura Vamwe

Nepo gadziriro yeEEOC iri chinhu chikuru muUnited States, dzimwe nyika dzine gadziriro dzebasa. MuUnited Kingdom, kutaura kunonzverwa ne Kusaenzana neServiso Service (EASS) uye kunogona kuiswa kudare rebasa. Muitiro wedare unopfuura kunzvera kweEEOC, kazhinji kazhinji kunobatanidza kunzwa kwapamutemo. MuCanada, ruwa rumwe norumwe rune dare rumene rwekodzero dzavanhu, urwo runonzvera uye runoshatsa fungira zera. Mutezo weEurope Union unoda kuti ugove ugovera mishonga inobudirira, uye une kuenzana kwemitumbi yakawanda inoita kunzvera.

Pasinei zvapo nemisiano mumiitiro, misoro inozivikanwa navose inobuda: ngwariro pakuunganidza ufakazi, mikana yokugadzikisa kana kuti kudzivirira. Vashandirwi vemicheto yemichero yemucheto vanofanira kuziva mitemo munzvimbo imwe neimwe yavanoshanda, sezvo zvirango nemiitiro zvinosiana zvikuru.

Zviwanikwa uye Kuravazve

Vanhu vanotsvaka mamwe mashoko vanogona kunzvera manyuko ane chiremera anotevera:

  • [[Nto:0] Dare rePromportunity Commission’s Age rusaruro [ peji rinogovera nhungamiro ine udzame pakurongedza pomero neADEA.
  • [[NHAU][0] Chitendero nokuda kweHuman Resource Management (SRM)[FLM] chinogovera miitiro yakanakisisa nokuda kwavashandirwi kudzivisa fungidziro yezera.
  • Department of Labor’s Civil Rights Center inorapa zvichemo zvezera rorusaruro mukuvaki vehurumende.
  • [[ITSO] rugwaro rwakazara rweADEA runowanika pawebsite yeEEOC.
  • Nokuda kwemifungo yamarudzi ose, [[FLT: 0] Kuenzana neKomishoni yeMaruramiro avanhu muUK inogovera zviteshi zvakawanda.

mhedziso

Rusaruraganda rwezera runorangarirwa zvakakomba nezviremera nemhaka yokuti runosekesa nheyo huru yomukana wakaenzana munzvimbo yebasa. Kunzvera nechisarudzo, nepo pane dzimwe nguva yakareba, kunopa nzira yakarongeka kuti vashandirwi vatsvake ruramisiro uye kuti vashandirwi varuramise miitiro isati iri yapamutemo. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa nhano dzinobatanidzwa – kubva pakuronga pomero ine udzame, kupfurikidza nokuunganidzwa kwoufakazi nokubudisirwa, kukuwana mukana wokuita nokutevera tarisiro yavose - mativi ose ari maviri anogona kutungamirira gadziriro nenzira inobudirira zvikuru. Pakupedzisira, kunyunyuta kukuru hakungoradziki njodzi dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe bedzi asi kunobetserawo kuita mabasa anowirirana neakaenzana nezera.