Kunzwisisa mwero yakasiana- siyana yehurumende kunokosha kuti tinzwisise kuti nzanga yedu inoshanda sei. Kubva kunzira dzatinofambira tichienda kuzvikoro vana vedu vanopinda, nharaunda iri yose yehurumende inoita basa rakasiyana mukuumba mitemo nemabasa anotapura upenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Nepo vagari vazhinji vachibatirana kazhinji kazhinji nezviremera zvomunzvimbomo, zvisarudzo zvinoitwa pahurumende uye mwero yehurumende kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji zvinogadza gadziriro yezviito izvozvo zvomunzvimbomo. Nyaya ino inogovera kunzvera kukuru pamwero mikuru mitatu yehurumende(dender, hurumende, uye nzvimbo inodzokorodza mitoro yavo, mibato, uye nzira dzinowirirana nadzo kuti dzishande zvakanaka.

Mbiru Nhatu Dzoutongi: Federal, State, uye Nzvimbo

MuUnited States, simba rehurumende rinoparadzirwa mumitsetse mitatu mikuru: hurumende yehurumende yehurumende, uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Iyi gadziriro yakavakirwa munheyo yehurumende yehurumende, iyo inoparadzanisa chiremera pakati pehurumende yenyika nehurumende dzeruwa kudzivisa chinhu chipi nechipi kuva chine simba zvikuru. Mwero mumwe nomumwe une simba rawo umene, asi kazhinji kazhinji unopindirana munzvimbo dzakadai sedzidzo, zvokufambisa, uye utano hwavanhu vose. Kunzwisisa iyi gadziriro yakavharwa chinhu chinokosha kukunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei, inoshandiswa sei, uye inotsigirwa sei.

Hurumende Yenyika: Simba Panzvimbo Yehurumende

Hurumende yehurumende ndiyo mwero wakakwirira zvikurusa wehurumende, ine mutoro wenhau dzinotapura rudzi rwose. Masimba ayo anorongwa muBumbiro reMitemo reU.S., iro rinopa chiremera pamusoro pedziviriro yorudzi, nhau dzokumwe, kutengeserana kwenyika, uye zvakawanda. Hurumende yehurumende inoshanda mumapazu matatu(_legislative, mukuru mukuru, uye mutongi) ayo anogovera nzvero nedzikamo.

Hwaro Hwebumbiro remitemo Nokuparadzana Kwesimba

Bumbiro reMitemo rinosimbisa chimiro chehurumende yehurumende neganhuriro. Chikamu I chinoumba Congress (bazu remitemo) kuti aite mitemo; Chikamu II chinoumba unganganiziri (bazi rinotonga) kuti riite mitemo; uye Chikamu III chinoita Dare guru reSangano (rereredhiacuaty) kuti ridudzire mitemo. Uku kuparadza uku kunovimbisa kuti hapana bazu rimwe. Somuenzaniso, Congress inofanira kubvumira kutsigira mabasa ehondo, asi Purezidhendi anorayira mauto akashongedzwa. Dare repamusoro rinogona kutonga mitemo isingatengwi nemitemo, sezvinoonekwa munhau dzechiratidzo se [[FTL:0]. [FLT:]

Mitoro Namadhipatimendi Manokosha

Hurumende yomubatanidzwa inobata nhau dzinoda kutsinhiranisa nyika kana kuti kudzorwa kwenharaunda. Mitoro yayo mikuru inobatanidza:

  • National Defense: Department yeFout inodzora mauto ane zvombo (Army, Air Force, Air Force, Marine Corps, uye Space Force(kudzivirira tyisidziro dzokunze). Inoitawo zvivako zvehondo namasangano akangwara.
  • [ Affairs: Department of State inoita kukurukurirana, inotarisira zvibvumirano, uye inotaurirana zvibvumirano. Inomirira fariro dzeU.S. mumasangano amarudzi ose seChibatanwa chaMarudzi.
  • Entestate Cernal: Dhipatimendi rezvokutengeserana rinodzora kutengeserana pakati penyika, rinogadza mipimo yekotsekano nokuda kwezvigadzirwa, uye rinotarisira kukura kwemari. Federal Trade Commission inoraira mitemo inodzivisa kuvimbika.
  • Kubhajeta uye Dhipatimendi reZvemari:[[FT:1] Dhipatimendi reHofisi yePropatimendi rinounganidza mitero yemari yemari yehurumende ndokutarisira chikwereti chenyika. Hofisi yeDzidzo neHwaro yeDzidzo inobetsera Purezidhendi kugadzirira chikarakadzo chemari yegore negore.
  • Sacial Security and Medicare: The Social Security Administration inogovera betsero dzekurega basa neurema; Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services dzinopa kurukurirano dzoutano nokuda kwavakweguru navanhu vakaderera vanouya.
  • Kutora nokuchengetedza muganhu: Department of Homeland Security inomanikidzira mitemo yokutama uye inorinda miganhu kupfurikidza namasangano akadai seCroms neBord Recuit Protection.
  • dziviriro yezvemagariro: The Environmental Protection Agency inogadza mipimo yenyika nokuda kwomugariro wemhepo nemvura, ichidzora kushatisa mumativi ose enyika.

Masangano aya ane mahofisi omumunda munyika yose, asi hurumende haitarisiri mabasa akawanda ezuva nezuva, asi anosiyiwa kumaruwa nenzvimbo.

Kushandisa Mari Nebhajeti

Mari yehurumende yemari yegore ra2024 yaipfuura madhora ane $64 000 000 000, nezvikamu zvikuru zvokushandisa kubatanidza Social Security, Medicare, dziviriro, uye mhindu pachikwereti chenyika. Mari inobviswa zvikurukuru nemitero inotambirwa nemari yomunhu oga uye kubhadhara mitero. Hurumende yehurumende inopawo mvumo kunyika nenzvimbo dzinopa mari yemipiro yemapurogiramu akati (umg. Médicaid) uye mari inobvumira nokuda kwezvinangwa zvakakura (mt., kukura kwenzanga). Izvi zvinouya nemitengo, kupa hurumende yehurumende mari yokupesvedzera mitemo, zvakadai sokukwidza pamutemo nokuda kwenhambo yemari yemugwagwa mukuru mukuru.

Nokuda kwezvipo zvikuru nebetsero zvehurumende, shanyira USA.gov.

Hurumende: Vashandi Vehurumende Inosarudzwa Noruzhinji

Hurumende dzinoshanda pasi pemwero wehurumende, imwe neimwe ine bumbiro rayo imene remitemo, gavhuna, uye gadziriro yedare. Treendment reTenth Amendment haina kupiwa kuhurumende yehurumende, ichiiita kuti ive nemhaka yemhatsa yakasiyana- siyana yenhau dzomumba. Mutongi Louis Brandeis akadana nenzira yakakurumbira kuti masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu” nemhaka yokuti anogona kuedza mitemo isati yagamuchirwa munyika.

Mitemo yeHurumende Neautonomy

Hurumende imwe neimwe ine bumbiro remitemo rinoratidzira chimiro chayo chehurumende uye rinovimbisa maruramiro emhoteredzo kuvagari vayo. Aya magwaro kazhinji kazhinji ane udzame zvikuru kupfuura Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S.( somuenzaniso), bumbiro remitemo reTexas rakagadziriswa kanopfuura ka 500. Mabumbiro emitemo ehurumende anogona kupa dzimwe dziviriro, dzakadai sekodzero yedzidzo yavose yapachena (yakawanwa mumitemo yose) kana kuti maruramiro emhoteredzo (sese Montana). Hurumende inewo simba rokuita mitemo panhau ipi neipi isina kubviswa nomutemo womubatanidzwa wehurumende. Ikoku kunoreva kuti inogona kudzora kutengeserana kwokutengeserana kwapamutemo, dzidzo youtano, dzidzo, uye masimba emapurisa.

Mabasa eHurumende yeHurumende yeCore

Nyika dzinotarisira mabasa akanyanyofara kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo asi akanyanyoiswa munzvimbo yehurumende. Mitoro mikuru inobatanidza:

  • Traxamendi: United States inogadza mipimo yezvidzidzo, zvikoro zvemari, uye mudzidzisi anotarisira. Vanotungamirirawo mayunivhesiti ehurumende namakoreji enzanga. Somuenzaniso, California ine gadziriro huru yedzidzo yakakwirira inoronga gadziriro yayo yezvikamu zvitatu.
  • transportation: United States inochengeta migwagwa mikuru nemigwagwa mikuru (mitengo inotsigirwa nehurumende asi inotsigirwa nehurumende). Inodzorawo kubhadharwa kwomutyairi, kunyoreswa kwemotokari, uye gadziriro dzokufambisa dzavose sezvitima.
  • Charechis: United States inotarisira mapurogiramu eMedicaid (nemari yehurumende inowirirana), inodzora inishuwarenzi youtano, uye inoshandisa madhipatimendi outano hwavanhu vose. Anotarisirawo zvipatara nemisha youkoti.
  • Public Safety: mapurisa ehurumende anomanikidzira mitemo yemotokari nenzvero dzoutsotsi. MaUnited States anobatirawo majeri negadziriro dzezvirango. National Guard, pasi pokudzorwa nehurumende (pasina kudzorwa kwehurumende), anoita chiito kunjodzi dzomusikirwo sengwavaira dzomusikirwo.
  • Mitero yeruwa: Mafemu anounganidza mitero yemari inotambirwa (43 mitengo), mitero yokutengesa (maruwa 45), uye mitero yebhizimisi kuti itsigire mapurogiramu avo. Dzimwe nyika, seTexas neFlorida, hadzina mutero wemari yomunhu oga uye dzinotsamira zvikuru pamitero yokutengesa.
  • Sarudzo: United States inoronga zvisarudzo zvehurumende, nyika, uye zvomunzvimbomo(kugadza maawa okuvhota, mitemo yokunyoresa, uye mafora. Zvinokwevawo maruwa anosarudzwa (pamberi pemitemo yekodzero dzevagari vemo).

Kusiyana - siyana Kwakaita Nyika Dzose

Mitemo yehurumende inosiyana zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nyika dzakawedzera Medicaid pasi peAffordble Care Act, nepo dzimwe dzisina. Mitemo yeDzidzo inosiana: Vermont inoshandisa mutero wemari yenyika yose kuti ienzane nemari yechikoro, nepo Illinois inovimba zvikuru nemitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, ichiparira kuvadziko dzinoparadzana. Mitemo yemhoteredzo inosiyanisa mamiriro ezvinhu anosianawo okubudisa mhepo kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, nemvumo yehurumende pasi peCeaoc Air Act. Iyi mhesano dzinobvumira vagari vemo kutsauranisa mipimo inowirirana nemipimo yavo nezvinodikanwa.

Nokuda kwokunzvera kwakadzama masimba ehurumende, ona [[FLT: 0] Conference of State Legislatures [[FLT: 1].

Hurumende Dzomunzvimbomo: Mutsetse Wakananga Webasa Ravose

Hurumende yemo ndiyo iri pedyosa nevagari vemo, inoshanda mumaguta, mataundi, maruwa, uye maruwa chaiwo.Apo nyika dzinoita hurumende uye dzinogona kudziparadza, dzinowanzopa chiremera chinokosha chokutonga pamusha. Hurumende dzemo dzinopa mabasa anokosha anotapura upenyu hwezuva nezuva zvakananga, kubva pakuunganidzwa kwemarara kusvikira kumapurisa.

Marudzi Ehurumende Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzemo dzinoita zvimiro zvakasiyana - siyana:

  • + Mumaruwa mazhinjisa, mirangariro imapoka ehurumende, inogovera mabasa akafanana namarekodhi avose, mahofisi ehurumende, uye mabasa enzanga. Anofukidza nharaunda huru dzenzvimbo uye anobatanidza mibatanidzwa mizhinji yezvikamu.
  • [ Maguta, mataundi, uye misha inharaunda dzakabatanidzwa nehurumende dzazvo zvimene. Vanogona kupfuudza mitemo yomunzvimbomo (mutoo., mirau yeruzha) ndokugovera mabasa akafanana namapurisa, mwoto, mapaki, uye zvinoiswa mumiti.
  • Zvikepe zvakazvimirira: Mune dzimwe nyika (zvikazivikanwa muMidwest neNortheast), mataundikishi mapoka ezviverengero zvinobata migwagwa yomunzvimbomo uye kuvaka.
  • Maruwa: Idzi ihurumende dzine donzo rimwe dzinogovera mabasa akadai semvura, matsvina, dziviriro yomwoto, kana kuti kufambiswa kwavanhu vose. Somuenzaniso, Port Authority of New York neNew Jersey ruwa chairwo rweruwa rwenyika inomhanya nhandare dzendege namabhiriji.

Kubatsira Kunoda Kuoma Kunoitwa Nehurumende

Hurumende dzemo dzinoita mabasa anokosha kuti nzanga igadzikane:

  • Mabasa ePublic: nzvimbo dzokurapa mvura, kudzorwa kwemvura, kuunganidzwa kwetsvina, uye gadziriro dzokudzosera zvinhu zvinodzokororwa zvinowanzobatwa nedhipatimendi reguta kana kuti reruwa.
  • Public Safety:[ Madhipatimendi omunzvimbomo nemoto anopindura migariro yekurumidziro 24/7. Maguta mazhinji anewo mabasa okurapa ekurumidziro (EMS) anofamba namadhipatimendi omwoto kana kuti masangano akaparadzana.
  • Mapaki neNhandaro: Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinochengeta nzvimbo dzemitambo, nzvimbo dzemitambo, nzvimbo dzenzanga, uye nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu zvomusikirwo. Dzinorongawo mapurogiramu enhandaro nezvinoitika.
  • Development: mapuranga okugadzira zvinhu anodzora kushandiswa kwevhu(kubvisa apo misha, mabhizimisi, uye mafekitari zvinogona kuvakwa. Masangano omunzvimbomo anoita gadziriro dzakazara dzokukura.
  • Mitsara yapanharaunda: Maguta namabhii anotungamirira sarudzo nokuda kwameya, dare reguta, vakuru vakuru veruwa, mabhodhi echikoro, uye mamwe mahofisi. Vanodzorawo zvitatiso zvomunzvimbomo pamusoro pemitero kana kuti nhau dzemiitiro.
  • [[FLT: 0] dzidzo: maruwa ezvikoro zvavose anowanzoparadzana nehurumende dzemanisiparati, namasangano adzo akasarudzwa nemari. Zvisinei, mitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo inorema zvikuru.

Manyuko Emari Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinounganidza mari zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nemitero yenzvimbo, iyo iri manyuko makurusa emari yamaguta akawanda namatura. Dzinounganidzawo mitero yokutengesa (inowanzogoveranwa nehurumende), mari yemibato youshandisi (mutoo, nokuda kwemvumo dzokuvaka kana kuti nhandaro), uye kuendesa kwehurumende kubva kuhurumende nemipiro yehurumende. Dzimwe matare anomanikidzira mitero yemari yomunharaunda (mhiko, sezvik., New York City ine mutero wayo inobhadharo wayo). Nemhaka yokuti mari yomunzvimbomo inowanzobatanidzwa nemitengo yepfuma, nzanga dzakapfuma dzinogona kugovera mabasa ari nani, zvichitungamirira kumari inobviswa. Dzimwe nguva kumipiro inodzosai kupfurikidza nepurogiramu dzinopa.

Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemabasa ehurumende yomunzvimbomo kubva ku Chinzwano cheNational of Cities[[FLT: 1].

Kupindira Nokudarika: Mashandiro Anoita Matanho Acho Pamwe Chete

Hurumende, nyika, uye hurumende dzinoshanda pamwe chete panhau dzakawanda, dzichipana mari, chiremera, uye mabasa.

Mari Nezvipo

Hurumende yehurumende inogovera mari kunyika nenharaunda nokuda kwepurogiramu dzakati. Mipiro yezvipo, kufanana neiyo nokuda kwemagadzirirwo eMedicaid kana kuti mugwagwa mukuru, inouya nezvinodikanwa zvine udzame. Mipiro, yakadai seCommunity Development Block Grant (CDBG), inopa nyika namaguta kuchinjika kukuru. Hurumende inopfuudza mari kunzvimbo, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji nemigariro, somuenzaniso, hurumende ingada kuti mapurisa omunzvimbomo atevere mipimo yakati kuti agamuchire rupo rwehurumende. Iyi mari inodiro inoreva kuti bhajeti rehurumende inogona kudzokera kumapurisa omunzvimbomo kana kuti zvikoro.

Kushanda Kwoukama Hwokushandira Pamwe

Nharaunda dzemiitiro dzinoverengeka dzinoratidzira kuti yose mwero mitatu inotsinhirana sei:

Kuedzwa Nokurwisana

Nepo kubatira pamwe kuchizivikanwa navose, rwisano dzinoitika. Mutemo weFederal unogona kubvisa mutemo wehurumende pasi peSupremacy Claus. Somuenzaniso, hurumende hadzigoni kunyoresa mbanje nokuda kwokushandisa nhandaro pasina kuisa murairo wehurumende mungozi, kunyange zvazvo hurumende yehurumende yakaregeredza zvikuru mitemo yehurumende. Hurumende dzinobvisawo mitemo yomunharaunda.

Nei Kunzwisisa Hurumende Kuchikosha?

Kubatanidzwa Muchikwata Chiri Chose

Kuva mugari wemo kunoda kuziva mwero wekusangana nawo pamusoro pechinetso. Kana magetsi omugwagwa akabuda, dana guta; kana mugwagwa mukuru wehurumende uchida kudzorwa, onana neDOT; kana mutemo wehurumende unoratidzika kuva usina kururama, nyorera mumiriri wako weU. Kutsvaka musarudzo womunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji kune tapuro yakananga zvikuru paupenyu hwezuva nezuva kupfuura sarudzo yapurezidhendi, bva kujeka kwakaderera zvikuru. Kunzwisisa mabasa kunobetsera vagari vemo kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvidzore uye vatsirirwe nokuda kwechinjo.

Kutapura Upenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Mwero yehurumende inotapura chinhu chiri chose kubva kuukombi hwemvura yako yomupombi (nzvimbo inochengeterwa kurapa, mipimo yehurumende, EPA mirau) kusvikira kudzidzo yomwana wako (boka rechikoro chomunzvimbomo, zvinodzidzwa zvehurumende, mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo). Kunyange mafashoni ako anoumbwa nezviratidzo zvomumugwagwa, zviratidzo zvemugwagwa mukuru, uye mipimo yehurumende. Nokuonga kuti aya matura anowirirana sei, unogona kufamba zviri nani mugadziriro ndokupinda zvine revo muhurukuro yavose.

mhedziso

Nyika, hurumende, uye mwero yomunzvimbomo imwe neimwe ine mitoro yakasiana asi inowirirana. Hurumende yehurumende inobata nhau dzorudzi dzakadai sedziviriro nemitemo yokumwe; hurumende dzinotarisira dzidzo, zvokufambisa, uye utano hwavanhu; uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinopa mabasa anokosha anobata nharaunda zvakananga. Kupfurikidza nemipiro, mabatira pamwe chete, uye chiremera chimwe, iyi mwero inoshanda pamwe chete nguva dzose. Mugari wemo anonzwisisa simba iri nani kushongedzerwa kutora rutivi muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu uye kutsigira mitemo inovandudza nzanga yavo. Nokuda kwemibato yakakwana yehurumende, shanyira .