Kutanga: Basa Remapurisa eNorthern Ireland Riri Kuchinja

Mapurisa eNorthern Ireland (PSNI) akamira serimwe ramauto emapurisa anoongororwa zvikurusa uye anopomerwa zvokufananidzira muUnited Kingdom. Akatanga mushure meReadbook Friver Audition ya1998 (inozivikanwawo seBelfast Advment), PSNI yakarongedzerwa kwete kungomanikidzira bedzi mutemo asi kuumba nguva itsva yorugare, kuyanana, uye ruvimbo rwenzanga. Kwamakumi amakore pamberi, Royal Ulster Consabrary (RUC) yaimbova mutezo mukuru wedare, asi yakanga yakanamatira zvikuru murwisano yamasekete yaizivikanwa seNhamo, ichitungamirira kukusavimbana, zvikurukuru mukati nzanga dzorudzi nedzenyika.

Kuchinja kubva kuRUC kuenda kuPSNI kwaiumba kugarisana. Kwaida kurongwazve kwemapurisa munzanga iri kubuda kubva pamakore 30 erwisano yemasimba masimba. Nhasi, PSNI inoramba ichifamba panzvimbo yakaoma: kuchengeta mutemo wetsika nenhevedzano, kubvisa tyisidziro dzehondo dzinoramba dziripo, njodzi dzinoramba dziripo, njodzi dzinopesana nedzinoramba dziripo uye dzinotsigira mamiriro ezvinhu enzanga nezvamatongerwe enyika idzo dzisina kupera zvachose. Nyaya ino ino inoongorora basa rePSNI munhambo yepashure pePreeaze, mitoro yayo yehwaro, zvinetso zvayakanangana nazvo, uye kuchinja kwakaumba kuzivikanwa kwayo.

Nhoroondo: Kubva paRuc kusvika paPSNI

Kuti unzwisise basa razvino rePSNI, munhu anofanira kutanga kunzwisisa mavambo aro. Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) yakatangwa muna 1922 uye nokuda kwokuvapo kwayo kukurusa yaishanda sesimba reProtestant rakasimba zvikuru. Mukati meNharo (c.1968-1988), Ruc yakanga iri panzvimbo yemberi yerwisano, ichitambura vakuru vakuru vanopfuura 300 vakaurawa uye zviuru zvakakuvadzwa. Nepo vazhinji munzanga yesangano renyika vairangarira RUC sechidzitiro chesimba mukurwisana nougandanga, varwi venyika vaiiona nomutoo unokatyamadza sechirongwa chinoshatisa pamutemo, chechisianogombedzera chirevo icho chinowanzoshandisa zviito zvinorema zvikuru.

1998 Good Frive Agreement yakaraira mavambo matsva echiporisi muNorthern Ireland. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kuIndependent Commission on Policing for Northern Ireland, yakadzorwa naaichimbova muBritish Conservative Party Chris Patten, iyo yakabudisa mushumo wayo wenhau muna September 1999. Popurence yakaita rumbidzo 175, kubatanidza kutsiva RUC nesimba idzva, achichinja zita nezviratidzo, achisuma mushumo wayo wetsika yetsika yetsika yetsika yechiKaturike nePurotesitendi, uye kutanga miitiro yokuzvidavirira yakasimba.

Mutemo wePholice (Northern Ireland) wakaita izvi zvikarakadzo, uye PSNI yakasvika pamutemo pakuva musi waNovember 4, 2001 chinjo yakanga isiri bedzi chizoro; yaimirira chinjo huru muetos. Simba idzva rakagamuchira mutoo wakarurama wavanhu, unoita mapurisa enzanga pamwoyo yawo. bheji, yunifomu, uye kunyange mhiko yehofisi yakanga yasarudzwa kuti ive yakajekeswa kuti ive inobatanidza. Iyi chinjo yakanga iri madikanwa kuchengetedza tsigiro yemapoka erudzi akaita seSDLP uye, pakupedzisira, Sin Féin, iyo yakanga yaramba kare kutsigira zvivako zvehurumende zveBritain.

Mabasa EPSNI

Mabasa ePSNI ari kugadziridza zvikuru uye anoratidzira aya amamwe mabasa amapurisa muUK, asi ane vhiringidziko dzakawedzerwa dzakasiana nenzanga yapashure pekusununguka. Mitoro yawo mikuru inogona kuiswa munzvimbo huru nhanhatu.

Kuchengeta Mutemo Nenhevedzano

Kufanana nemapurisa api naapi, PSNI ine mutoro wokuchengeta mutemo kwezuva riri rose: kupindura runhare, kudzivirira nokunzvera utsotsi, kutarisira tsaona dzemotokari, uye kuvimbisa chengeteko yavose muzvinoitika zvakadai seOrange Order, izvo zvinogona kuva nzvimbo dzinoratidzira dzvinyiriro yesekete. Simba rinoshanda mumaruwa anofukidza nzvimbo dzose dzehurumende yomunzvimbomo yeNorthern Ireland, nedzimbahwe muLisburn.

Kudzivisa uye Kuongorora Utsotsi

PSNI inobata zvinhu zvose kuvambira pakuba kuduku kusvikira kuutsotsi hwakakomba. Yakatsaurira mapoka nokuda kwokunzvera utsotsi hukuru, utsotsi hweIndaneti, unyengeri, uye kutengesa mirimo. Simba rinoshanda zvikuru neNational Crime Agency (NCA) uye A Garda Síochána (Republic yemapurisa eIreland) pamusoro poutsotsi husingadzorwi. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, PSNI yakabatawo nenhau dzakadai sokutengesa vanhu nouranda hwazvino uno.

Kurwisa Utsotsi Nechengeteko Yorudzi

Kurwisa ugandanga kunoramba kuri chinhu chikuru. Nepo mapoka makuru emauto (IRA, UVF, UDA) akazivisa kutsakatika kwemoto uye zvombo zvinobviswa, mapato anopandukira eRepublic , akadai seNew IRA ne Óglaigh na hÉirean . Masangano echiuto akavimbika anorambawo achishingaira, zvikurukuru muutsotsi hwakarongwa asi panhambo nenhambo mudenho dzamasimba masimba. PSSI’s Terrorism Investigation Uni Instivition Unity of Northern Ireland’s Cribe Observations inoshanda pajinga paM5 naUK’s Coliclection Colicism Colicial.

Somuenzaniso, muna 2021, mupurisa mukuru wePSNI akataura kuti vaparabhuriki vanopandukira hurumende vakatyisidzira “zvikuru”, pashure pokuedzwa kupondwa kwomupurisa. PSNI ine Dare rePurgated Response Unit uye rinoshandisa zvinhu zvakabudirira kuvhiringidza zvirongwa zvemagandanga.

Chibvumirano Chenzanga Nokuvaka Chivimbo

Irori zvichida mutoro unosianisa zvikurusa uye unodenha. Purofesa wePSTIA yakarondedzerwa zvakajeka nenheyo ye “kushanda nenzanga.” Varwi vanokarirwa kuva vanooneka, vanosvikika, uye vanozvidavirira. Simba rinoshandisa [[FLT: 0] Policision Policing Coligist [NPT] muruwa rwuri rwose kuti vabatane navagari, vana vebhizimisi, vana vechikoro, uye vatungamiriri venzanga. Vavariro ndeyokuchinja kubva pakudzorwa kwebasa kuti vasarudze chinetso.

Somuenzaniso, mapurisa anofanira kuva nechivimbo munzvimbo dzinotsigira kubatana uye nyika, kazhinji nokubatanidzwa muzviitiko zvomunzvimbomo, kutsigira vanhu vanoitirwa utsotsi hwokuvenga, uye kukurukura nyaya dzinomutsa nharo panenge pachiitwa kurwisana.

Kutsigira Vakatambudzwa Noutsotsi

PSNI inosimbisa zvakasimba tarisiro yavanyajambwa. Inoita kuti Vanyajambwa Vatsigiri vatsigiri uye inoshanda neyamasangano apamutemo kuti igovere zano, betsero inoshanda, uye kudzora. Ikoku kunokosha zvikurukuru muzvinoitika zvamasimba masimba omumba, denho yevatano, uye utsotsi hweruvengo, izvo zvinogona kuva nemativi makuru omunzanga yakakamukana. Simba rakabatanidzwawo munhaka yezvinetso, kugovera ruramisiro nokuda kwavananyajambwa kupfurikidza neHistorical Enquies Teation Tom (HET), kunyange zvazvo boka iroro rakatarisana nokushorwa pamusoro pokubatwa kwaro kwenhau dzakati.

Kudavidza Kwekurumidziro Nechengeteko Yavose

PSNI officers are often first responders to emergencies, including road traffic collisions, fires, and medical incidents. They also manage public order situations, such as protests and riot control. In a post-conflict society, the ability to de-escalate tension without inflaming sectarian passions is a critical skill. The PSNI has won praise for its handling of the 2020–2021 loyalist protests against the Northern Ireland Protocol, where it maintained order without heavy-handedness.

Zvinetso Nezvinoitwa Pashure Pokunge Ndava Kunetseka

Pasinei nokufambira mberi kwakaitwa kubvira muna 1998, PSNI inotarisana nezvinetso zvinoramba zvichienderera mberi uye zvinopedza matambudziko.

Kukurira Kuvimba Nevamwe Zvaiitika Kare

Denho imwe hurusa yePSNI yave ichiwana chivimbo chenzanga dzenyika neparabhuriki. Pakuzosvika pakupera kwama 2000, kunyoreswa kwakawedzera nenzira inobudirira kuratidzirwa kweKaturike (by 2021, kunenge 33% kwavakuru vakuru kwakanga kuri kwevaKaturike, zvichienzaniswa ne 8% muyaichimbova RUC. Zvisinei, kuvimba kunoramba kuri kusina kusimba. Mapoka anoratidza kuti nepo vanhu vazhinji muNorthern Ireland vane chivimbo muPSNI, vashomanene havasati. Mapurisa anopfuurira kutarisana nepomero dzekusarura kwemativi ose ari maviri: dzimwe nguva varwi venyika dzimwe nguva vanopikisa kuti simba racho richiri “British” uye mubatanidzwa wetsika, nepo masangano pane dzimwe nguva anonzwa simba rakanyanya kusarura.

Police Ombudsman weNorthern Ireland inoita basa rinokosha mukupindura nyunyuto nokunzvera kusazvibata. Hofisi yeOmbudsman inogamuchira nyunyuto dzine zviuru gore negore, zhinji dzinorondedzera kunzvera kwenhau kana kuti kushandiswa kwesimba. Nemhaka dzakakwirira, dzakadai senzufu dzavasiri varwi mukati memipoti, dzinopfuurira kuedza chivimbo chavanhu.

Kusawirirana Kwenzanga Nenhamo

Kuda kudzokororwa kwemwaka wa16 , kunyanya mhemberero dzeTwerofuti dzaJuly dzinoitwa neOrange Order . PSNI inofanira kudzikamisa kodzero yokuungana zvine rugare nengozi yokuvhiringidzika kwavose. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzakadai seArdoyne syne muBelfast, kufora kwakarambidzwa kana kuti kwakaganhurirwa neParades Commission, asi izvi zvakanyandura kutsamwa kwakavimbika. PSNI inowanzobatwa pakati, ichipomerwa navengi kuti ive inorevesai vanoregeredza uye navamati venyika vekuva vanoregeredza.

Kusawirirana kwemubatanidzwa nevezvourudzi, uko nzanga dzemubatanidzwa nedzenyika dzinogara dziri parutivi ne “masvingo orugare,” kunoda kuvapo kwemapurisa kwenguva dzose. PSNI inoshanda neukama hwemo kurwisano dzinoitwa uye kudzivisa kutanga kwemasimba masimba, zvikurukuru mukati memwaka wokufora kwezhizha.

Tyisidziro Yakaipa Yehurumende Neyechitsigiri Chehondo

. . Tractics dzinobatanidza kubhomba, kupfura, uye kurova. Nepo nhamba yedenho dzechengeteko dzenyika yakaderera chifo cha 1990, mwero wetyisidziro unoramba uri mukuru. Muna 2022, PSNI yakanyora denho dzamauto erudzi nezviitiko 22 zvinobatanidzwa nehondo.

Mauto echiuto akavimbika, kunyange zvazvo achirega, anoramba anobatanidzwa zvikuru muutsotsi hwakarongwa, bhizimisi remirimo, uye tyisidziro. Anoparirawo tyisidziro mukati menhambo dzenyanduko yezvamatongerwe enyika, zvakadai sePSNI’s Organting Crime Task Force inoshanda kudzongonyedza mapoka aya, asi pfuma yakaganhurirwa uye kuoma kwemibatanidzwa yetsotsi dzinoparwa netsotsi dzinoita iyi hondo yenguva refu.

Brexit neMuitiro Wemitemo woKuchamhembe kweIreland

Brexit yatanga zvinhu zvitsva. Kusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunoparirwa kwave kuchipararira muNorthern Ireland mumisika imwe yeEU, kwakaparira muganhu wetsika mugungwa reIreland. Ikoku kwakatsamwisa vabatanidzwa vazhinji, vanozviona sokunetesa Union neGreat Britain. Kusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunoparirwa pane dzimwe nguva kwakaparira mapurisa kudzora kutsutsutsumwa uye kutarira kugona kurwisana kwemamiriro ezvinhu. PSNI yaifanirawo kujairana netsika itsva negadziriro dzechengeteko pazviteshi zvengarava nenhandare dzendege.

Brexit inewo mapurisa akaoma. Nzvimbo inofambirwa vanhu vose pakati peUK neIreland inoramba iripo, asi misiyano muEU neUK yakada zvibvumirano zvitsva. PSNI yakaramba ichishandira pamwe naA Garda Síochána, asi kusavapo kweNorthern Ireland Administrate yakaita kuti kubatana kuve kwakaoma zvikuru.

Kuchinja Nokutarisira: Dziviriro Dzegadziriro

Chinjo yave iri muitiro unopfuurira chifo chokusikwa kwesimba. Northern Ireland Policision Board (NIPB) idare guru rinotarisira. Kubatanidza vamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika nemitezo yakazvimirira, NIPB iNHOROOD yeProject, inoisa bhajeti reProjekita, uye shoomho. Inovimbisawo kuwirirana nemisengwa yamaruramiro avanhu.

Police Ombudsman yakazvimirira inonzvera zvichemo pamusoro pamapurisa, kubva kukusazvibata kuduku kusvikira kupomero dzakakomba dzomufambiro woutsotsi. Ombudsman anogona kurumbidza chiito chokuranga kana kuti kunongedzera kuProsection Public Procussition Service. Mutumbi uyu unokosha nokuda kwokuchengeta ujeka, zvikurukuru kupiwa nhaka yenhau yaRuc.

Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission inoitawo basa, kudzosera mapurisa nokutarisira kuitwa kwerumbidzo dzekodzero dzevanhu. PSNI pachayo ine Dhipatimendi reMitemo yeMitemo neUnion Human Rights Unity. Kuwedzerazve, vakuru vakuru vose vePSNI vanogamuchira rovedzo yamaruramiro avanhu sorutivi rwedzidzo yavo yokutanga neinoenderera mberi.

Kuchinja Kunokosha Kubvira Muna 2001

  • 50:50 Recruitment: Kusvikira 2011, gadziriro inoisa mubatanidzwa yakava nechokwadi chokuti nokuda kwomupurisa mutsva ari wose wePurotesitendi akaripirwa, muKaturike mumwe anofanirawo kuhayiwa. Iyi yakawedzerwa zvinoshamisa kumirira kweKaturike.
  • [[FT:0] Patrol neRevo: Shift kubva Land Rovers kusvikira kumotokari dzemapurisa enzanga kuti dziwedzere kuoneka nokusvika.
  • [[FT:0] Kushandiswa kweMasimba: Kugamuchirwa kwezvimwe zvinotsiva zviduku, zvakadai seTasers neatnution communitors, uye mitemo yorumano papfuti.
  • [ Kushanyira Kodzero Yokuchengetedzwa yakazvimirira: Vazvipiri vanonzvera garikano yavasungwa.
  • DATA REPARET: Chinyorwa chenguva dzose chemashoko okumisa nokunzvera, venga nhamba dzoutsotsi, uye miuyo yokunyunyuta.

Kubatanidzwa Munzanga Mumuitiro

Kubatanidzwa kwePSNI munzanga kunopfuura kutaura chete.

  • [[[FLT: 0] Zvikwata zveNPT):[ Vatungamiriri vakazvitsaurira vakagoverwa kunharaunda dzakati, vachishanda navagari vemo kuziva ndokupedza zvinetso zvomunzvimbomo.
  • Mapurisa uye Safety Partnerfts (PCSP): MaFum munharaunda imwe neimwe yedare anounganidza mapurisa, hurumende yomunzvimbomo, uye vamiriri venzanga kuti vapedze nhau dzeutsotsi nekotsekano.
  • Urongwa hweYouth Diversion Schemes: hwokudzinga vanhu vaduku pautsotsi, kubatanidza mitambo nemibato younyanzvi.
  • Programme yezvirongwa: vamiriri vanoshanyira zvikoro kuti vataure pamusoro pekotsekano, kuva mugari wemo wemibatanidzwa, uye basa ramapurisa.
  • Zviitiko zvechitendero neCommunity: Mazuva akazaruka, mangwanani ekofi, uye kurukurirano dzinobatanidza kuvhara mabhiriji emapoka.

Imwe nhano inokosha i PSNI’s Cultural Awareness Training, uko vakuru vakuru vanodzidza pamusoro penhau namagamuchidzanwa zvenzanga dzose dziri mbiri. Ikoku kunovabetsera kunzvera migariro inotapukira, zvakadai sokubata nezviratidziro zvemireza kana kuti kuita chimwe chinhu kunyunyuto pamusoro poruvengo.

Zvisinei, kuvimbisana munzanga kune denho. Dzimwe nzanga dzinopomera PSNII kuti “kushandisa chibvumirano kupfurikidza nokubvumirana” kuva akapfava zvikuru pautsotsi hwakarongwa. Vamwe vanorangarira kuti kuvimbisana ichiratidzo chechiratidzo, kunoshandiswa kuunganidza uchenjeri panzvimbo pokuvaka ushamwaridzani hwechokwadi. PSNI inoona kutsoropodza uku uye yakatsvaka kusimbisa kuvimbisana, somuenzaniso kupfurikidza ne “Pricing in Partneiship”.

Mitambo Yava Kuitwa Iye Zvino uye Nhungamiro Yakanaka

PSNI inoshandisa mapurisa anenge 7 000 navashandi vasiri varwi 2 000. Mari yayo yegore negore inenge mabhiriyoni $1, inotsigirwa nehurumende yeUK. Simba racho richangobva kutanga gadziriro itsva ye2020-2025, “Kushanda muPricence: A Service Fit for the Future.”

Zvinhu zvinokosha ndeizvi:

  • Kuderedza masimba masimba akakomba noutsotsi hwakarongwa.
  • Kusimbisa ukama hwemapurisa omunharaunda uye hwenzanga.
  • Kuvandudza tsigiro yanyajambwa nokudzivirira.
  • Kushandisa mano ounyanzvi hwemakombiyuta uye kugadzirisa utsotsi hwepakombiyuta.
  • Kusimudzira kusiyana - siyana kwevashandi uye kubudirira.

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwazova chinhu chikuru. PSNI yashandisa makamera anogadzira muviri, kuzivikanwa kwenhamba dzinongoshanda, uye gadziriro yokudzora yemazuva ano. Inewo chikwata cheCyber Crime Unit chakazvitsaurira chinobata kubiridzira paIndaneti, kushandisa vana zvisina kufanira, uye kuronga zvinhu zvitema.

Simba racho raifanira kudzora zvinoitika zvinoverengeka zvezviono zvakakwirira mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, kubatanidza kupondwa kwomutori wenhau Lyra McKee muna 2019 pakupfura kwehurumende inopandukira, mhinduro kudenda reCOVID-19, uye kukumbira kunopfuurira kune chokuita neMatambudziko. Chimwe nechimwe chezviitiko izvi chinoedza kukwanisa kwePSNI kuchengeta chivimbo chavose pakuita mabasa acho nenzira inobudirira.

Nhau Dzenhaka: Nguva Yakapfuura Yakaoma

Zvichida denho inopfuurira zvikurusa ndeyokubata nenhaka yeNhaka. PSNII yakagarwa nhaka zviuru zvezvinoitika zvisina kugadziriswa kubva munhambo yeRUC. Muna 2005, hurumende yakatanga Historical Enquies Team (HET) mukati mePSNI kuhwirudzura idzi nhau. Zvisinei, HET yakatarisana netsoropodzo nokuda kwokusapa ruramisiro kumhuri dzakawanda.

Muna 2015, HET yakatsiviwa ne Service yeNorthern Ireland’s Legacy Investigation Branch, inoshanda ichitarisirwa nePolice Ombudsman. Munguva ino, hurumende yeUK yakaranga “kuziva ganhuriro” nokuda kwezvinetso zvine chokuita nemhosva, izvo zvingagumisa kupomerwa mhosva dzakawanda pamberi pa1998. Izvi zvakashorwa nemapoka evanyajambwa uye masangano ekodzero dzavanhu sechirongwa chegadziro chemhosva.

PSNI inobatwa pakati: inofanira kunzvera pomero dzenhau, kazhinji kazhinji noufakazi hwokukwegura nezvapupu zvinozengurira, nepo zvichipindurawo kurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika pamusoro penhaka. Kusabvumirana pakati pechishuvo chamapurisa chokuvharwa nezvinobatwa navanyajambwa kunoramba kuri manyuko edzvinyiriro.

Kupedzisa: Basa Ramapurisa Rinochinja

Mapurisa eNorthern Ireland akasvika kure kubva paakatanga. Akawana fambiro mberi inoshamisa mukuvaka mumiririri, anozvidavirira, uye mapurisa ane unyanzvi anoraira kufara(* kana kusiri kwose). Kubviswa kwemapurisa ane zvombo, ehondo kuRUC kumuenzaniso wenzanga, kodzero dzinonangidzirwa navanhu dzePSNI isungano yegadziriro yorugare uye ushingi hwevakuru vakuru nevatungamiriri vakaita chinjo.

Asi rwendo rwacho rune misino. Mapoka ehondo akachinja asi haana kunyangarika. Kusava nechokwadi mune zvematongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru paBrexit neramangwana rehurumende inoderera, zvinoita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kugadzikana kuti pave nokushanda. PSNI inofanira kuramba ichiita zvinhu zvakaoma zvemapoka ezvitendero, kumanikidzana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kunyunyuta kwenhau, zvose izvi zvichiitwa mabasa okudzivirira utsotsi uye kuchengeteka kwevanhu vose.

PSNI ichafanira kuvaka pamibatanidzwa yayo yenzanga, kuchengeta utarisiri hwakasimba, uye kuchinjira kukutyisidzira kwakadai sebutiro rekombiyuta nejekesi. Ichadawo kugadzirisa nhau dzomukati, kubatanidza kudzorwa nokudzorwa, zvikurukuru mukupesana neganhuriro dzemari. Rubudiriro rwegadziriro yorugare yeNorthern Ireland rwunobatanidzwa nokuzivikanwa kuva kwapamutemo kwechipo chemapurisa ayo. PSNI haisi bedzi sisi mavambo omutemo nenhevedzano; chiratidzo chokugadzikiswa kwepashure pemari. Kudzivirira kuti kuva basa rayo rakakomba zvikurusa mumakore anouya.