Kunzwisisa kusiyana kwemitemo yehurumende neyematsotsi kunokosha pakufamba - famba kwepamutemo kweupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Mapazu ose ari maviri emutemo anobatira zvinangwa zvakasiyana - siyana uye anoshanda kumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana - siyana angasangana nevanhu. Nyaya ino inogovera kuongororwa kwakajeka kwetsanangudzo, zvinhu zvinokosha, marudzi anozivikanwa, uye kushandiswa kunoshanda kwomutemo wehurumende nowematsotsi, zvichipa kujeka pamabasa avo uye kukosha munzanga yazvino uno.

Mutemo Wehurumende Chii?

Mutemo wehurumende unodzora kodzero nemisengwa yavanhu vamwe navamwe, mabhizimisi, uye mamwe masangano avanhu. Igadziriro yapamutemo inopedza gakava kwete kubatanidza zviito zvoutsotsi. Donzo guru romutemo wehurumende harisi chirango asi kudzorera (nenzira inopesana kupfurikidza nokubhadhara mari, kuita kwakati. Kunovakwa mumagamuchidzanwa emitemo eRoma yakare uye yakakudziridzwazve mumiitiro yavose yemitemo, mutemo wevagari vemo unofukidza wirirano hurusa yemunhu, kuvambira pakusaina fomuro yokupomera mhaka nokuda kwokuzvidza.

Mavara Makuru Omutemo Wenyika

  • [ Gakava: Nhau dziri pakati pemapati avanhu voga(individhia, masangano, kana kuti masangano) kupfuura hurumende.
  • Kutsiva chirango: Nharidzano ndeyokuita kuti vakuvara vapote, kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nekuvadziko kana kuti nyaradzo inoenzana.
  • Mutoro unorema wechibvumikiso: Mubati anofanira kubvumikisa chinoitika chavo ne kurangarira ufakazi[ (i., sezvingabvira zvikuru kusa).
  • Sarudza kuvamba: Batani reagtried (mutsivi) rinoisa mhaka mudare, kwete muchuchisi wehurumende.

Marudzi Anozivikanwa Navose Emhosva Dzomutemo Wavagari Vemo

Nyaya dzevagari vemo dzinomuka munenge mumativi ose oupenyu hwezuva nezuva.pazasi pane mapoka akapararira zvikurusa, rimwe nerimwe rine mienzaniso yenyika chaiyoiyo.

Gakava Rinorwisana

Kana vaviri kana kuti kupfuura vanopinda mubvumirano inosungisa pamutemo (hwungava ukanyorwa, unotaurwa, kana kuti unotaurwa unodzora kuchengetwa kwayo.) Kukakavadzana kwavose kunobatanidza kuputswa kwebvumirano yokutengesa, kukundikana kupa mabasa, kana kuti kubhadharwa kwemari nokuda kwebasa rinoitwa. Somuenzaniso, muridzi wemba anobhadharira muridzi wekicheni kuti agadziridze uye agamuchire basa risina kukodzera kuputsa chibvumirano kuti agadziridze mari yaanoda kugadzirisa.

Kutaura Kusina Kufanira

Zvigubhu ndezvokutadza kunoitwa nevagari vemo kunokuvadza kana kuti kunorasikirwa; Kunowira mumativi matatu:

  • . . . . kukundikana kushandisa ngwariro ine mufungo, yakadai setsaona yemotokari inoparirwa nokutyaira kunotsauswa.
  • [[[FT:0] Madanho epfungwa: Anoita sedenho, bhatiri, kana kuti kuzvidza.
  • Chikanganiso: Chivi pasina mhaka, chinowanzoshandiswa muzvinoitika zvechinoparira chibereko (mutoo wakaremara unokuvadza mushandisi).

Kusawirirana Nezvinhu

Mienzaniso yacho inosanganisira kusawirirana kwemisiyano pakati pevavakidzani, kurwisana kwevanogara panzvimbo imwe chete, kana kuti kukakavadzana pamusoro penhaka kana pasina chikonzero chokuiwana.

Mutemo Wemhuri

Mutemo wemhuri unobata nhau dzeukama hwemhuri. Dzinowanzobatanidza chatanuro (kupesana kwezvinhu, antimony), kodzero yokuchengeta vana neshanyo, tsigiro yavana, kurera vana, uye zvisarudzo zvokubereka. matare avagari vemo anopa mirayiridzo inotapura upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwamamirioni emhuri.

Mutemo Webasa

Mutemo wehurumende unobatanidzawo nhau dzebasa dzakadai sekakavadzano dzemibayiro, rusaruro, kubviswa kwebasa zvisina kururama, uye kuputswa kwezvibvumirano zvebasa.

Mativi Omutemo Wehurumende

Nyaya dzevagari vemo dzinotanga apo mutongi anotanga kunyunyuta. Mukwirirwi anopindura, uye mativi ose ari maviri anopinda mukuwana (ufakazi hunowedzera). Nhau zhinji dzinogara pamberi pokutongwa. Kana kutongwa kukaitika, mumwe munhu angakumbira dare rinobetsera vatongi, kana kuti mhaka yacho ingasarudzwa nomutongi. Kukwirira kunogona kutevera, asi pamutengo wakakwirira zvikuru nenguva.

Mutemo Wematsotsi chii?

Hurumende (inoita chiito chekupinzwa kwemhosva) ichiita kuti munhu apedzisire atadza kupara mhosva. Zvinangwa zvikuru ndezvokudzorwa, kudzorwa, uye kutsiva. Kusiyana nomutemo wehurumende, nyika inotakura mutoro wose wokutsigira, uye migumisiro yacho inogona kubatanidza kurasikirwa norusununguko.

Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvinoshandiswa Nomutemo Wematsotsi

  • State sepati: Hurumende (hurumende, kana kuti nzvimbo) inotonga mukwiridziri. Munyajambwa haasati ari mubato, kunyange zvazvo vangatora rutivi sechapupu.
  • Kushambadza kwakaiswa: kunobatanidza faindi, kuedzwa, basa renzanga, kuiswa mutorongo, kana kuti (mumamwe mativi) chirango chorufu.
  • Mutoro wakakwirira wechibvumikiso: Kukwirira mhaka kunofanira kubvumikisa rutivi rwuri rwose rwemhosva kupfuura kusava nechokwadi kune mufungo
  • Dziviriro dzeChonsitution: Vadziviriri vanofarikanya maruramiro akadai sechikarakadzo chokusava nemhaka, maruramiro okupa zano, dziviriro mukurwisana nokuzvidzora, uye maruramiro kumuedzo wokukurumidza.

Marudzi Anozivikanwa Navose Emhosva Dzemitemo Yeutsotsi

Kunzwisisa mapoka aya kunobatsira vagari vemo kuziva migumisiro yokuita zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo.

Mifaro

Mienzaniso inobatanidza kuponda, kubata chibharo, kuba nezvombo, kubiwa, kutengeswa kwemirimo kwakakomba.

Mahumbwe

Mitongo haina kukomba zvikuru asi ichiri kutakura zvirango kusvikira kugore rimwe mutorongo, faindi, kana kuti basa romunzanga. Miitiro inozivikanwa navose inobatanidza kuba tunhu (kukwidziridza bhizimisi), kudenha kwakapfava, mufambiro usina nhevedzano, DUI (mhosva yokutanga munyika zhinji), uye kudarika mutemo. Vatadzi vazhinji vokutanga vane nguva ino vanogona kushandisa nokuda kwepurogiramu dzinodzokororwa kana kuti kubviswa.

Kudarika

Matikiti emotokari, kuputswa kwemotokari, kuiswa kwetsvina, uye kunyunyuta kweruzha mienzaniso chaiyo.

Utsotsi Hwechichena

Iyi mhaka isina masimba masimba inosundwa nemhindu yemari. Inobatanidza kubiridzira (kuchengetedzwa, kusachengeteka, mutero), kubhadharwa kwemari, kubhadharwa, chiokomuhomwe, kutengesa mukati, uye kuvigwa kwezivikanwo.

Kukanganiswa Kwemhosva

Mhaka youtsotsi inowanzovamba nokusungwa kana kuti kumira. Mukwirirwi anopomerwa mhaka, uko vanopomera mhaka ine mhaka kana kuti kwete. Kupa mhaka, kukumbira, uye kuwana zvinotevera. Kana mhaka yacho ichienda kukutonga, vatongi vanofanira kusvika chisarudzo chavose (mumitemo mizhinji) nokuda kwokupwiswa. Kutsiviwa kunoitika kwakaparadzana, uko vatongi vanorangarira kukwirira nokusasarura. Kukwirira kunowanika asi kunoganhurirwa.

Misiyano Inokosha Pakati Pomutemo Wevagari Vemo Nowematsotsi

Kunzwisisa misiyano yacho hakusi kungodzidza chete, kunochinja maitiro anoita vanhu kuzvinetso zvepamutemo.

  • Paratisi dzinobatanidzwa: mhaka dzavagari vemo itsoro duku v. Mukwirirwi (munhu oga); mhaka dzoutsotsi imvumo dzehurumende. mukwirirwi (nzanga).
  • `Chibvumikiso: Chisakiso chevagari vemo [[FT:2] kufungisisa ufakazi [ [ (%+); utsotsi kudarika kusava nechokwadi kune mufungo (769%).
  • [ Kurapa kwevagari vomunyika kunobatanidza kuvadziko dzemari, mirairo, kana kuti chiito chaicho. Zvirango zvoutsotsi zvinobatanidza kusungwa, faindi, kudzorwa, kana kuti basa romunzanga.
  • Chinodikanwa chisingatenderwi: mutemo wetsotsi unowanzoda [[FT:2]mens rea [pfungwa dzenhema] nokuda kwokupwiswa; mutemo wehurumende ungaisa mutoro kunyange pasina vavariro (mh., kuregeredza kana kuti chikwereti chakasimba).
  • Vapomeri vemhosva vane kodzero yebumbiro remitemo kugweta; vamiriri vehurumende havawanzodaro, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe mhaka dzehurumende (mr., kubviswa kwekodzero dzavabereki) dzichivimbisa zano.
  • Dziviriro yengozi isingakaringani: Mumutemo woutsotsi, munhu haagoni kuidzwa kaviri nokuda kwemhosva imwe cheteyo. Mutemo wavagari vemo hauna chitaviridzo chakakwana chakadaro, kunyange zvazvo ] jucata[ inogona kudzivisa kudzokororwa kwenhau dzakasarudzwa.

Kushandiswa kwoMutemo Wavagari Vemo NoweCriminal Muupenyu Hwezuva Riri Rose

Pasi apa pane zvinoshandiswa zvinoratidza kuti mutemo wehurumende nowematsotsi unoshanda sei muzviitiko zvezuva nezuva.

Vatendi Namaruramiro Okutenga

Kana kambani ikabudisa chinhu chakaremara, kana ukatenga kadhi rechikwereti, kana kuti ukabvumirana nekadhi rechikwereti, unodzivirira vanhu vose. Kana kambani ikabudisa chinhu chakakanganiswa, ungakwidza mhosva kuti uparadze chibvumirano kana kuti uite chikwereti. Kana ukasabhadhara chikwereti, munhu wacho angawana mutongo wehurumende. Kunzwisisa kodzero dzako kunogona kudzivirira kubatwa zvisina kufanira / somuenzaniso, uchiziva kuti muridzi wemba haagoni kukudzinga pasina murayiro wedare (muitiro wedare) uye kuti kuramba kubhadhara chikwereti kungatungamirira kusututi yehurumende, kwete kutsoropo dzoutsotsi (hati kunoitwa).

Kukuvara Kwomunhu Oga Nokukuvara

Apo kuregeredza kwomumwe munhu kunoparira kuvadziko(a tsaona yemotokari, shamhu muchitoro, kana kuti kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwezvokurapa kwechitoro (chinopa mirayiridzo yemari inobhadharwa) Vanyajambwa vanogona kuwanazve ndyiko dzezvokurapa, mari inorasika, marwadzo nokutambura, uye kuvadziko yokutsiva muzvinoitika zvinopesana. Kuziva mutemo weganhuriro (zvikurukurusa 1 293 makore) kunonetsa; kurasikirwa nemira miganhu yokunanguro inovandudzika nokusingaperi.

Kupara Mhosva Nemigumisiro Yacho

Kuziva mutemo woutsotsi kunobetsera vanhu kudzivisa mufambiro usiri wapamutemo uye kunzwisisa kodzero dzavo kana vakapomerwa. Somuenzaniso, une maruramiro okuramba wakanyarara apo unomiswa namapurisa; kuushandisa hakusati kuri kubvuma mhaka. Nenzira yakafanana, kuziva kuti kuba mutongo woutsotsi nezvirango zvinowedzera (kubva pachinhu chinoiswa panzvimbo yemhosva yakavakirwa paukoshi) kunogona kuodza mwoyo zvisarudzo zvokusafunga. Mutemo weutsotsi unodzorawo umene: ungashandisa simba rine mufungo kuzvidzivirira umene, asi simba rakakomba rinogona kutungamirira kudenha mhaka.

Nhau Dzemhuri Nedzemumba

Mutemo wemhuri unotapura zvisarudzo pamusoro peroorano, chatanuro, uye tsigiro.Murairo wechatanuro igadziriro yavagari vemo inotapurawo zvinhu nemitero.

Basa Nekodzero Dzebasa

Nhau dzebasa kazhinji kazhinji dzine zvose zviri zviviri mativi omutemo neoutsotsi.

Kuva Nezvinhu Nekusashanda

Kukakavadzana kwezvivako kunozivikanwa navose: muvakidzani anovakira fenzi panzvimbo yako; muvaki anokuvadza imba; mugadziri anokundikana kupedza kuvandudza. mutemo wehurumende unogovera miitiro yakafanana nokubudiswa, zviito zvamazita okuremekedza akanyarara, uye kukumbira matare zvitsama zvitsama zvezvitsama. Mutemo wetsotsi unogona kushanda kana muvakidzani akaita mhaka kana kuti kuba zvisaririra.

Kunyanyisa Kwomutemo Wevagari Vemo Nowematsotsi

Zviitiko zvakawanda zvinotanga zviitiko zvevagari vomunyika imwe chete nezvoutsotsi nemhaka yokuti mufambiro mumwe chetewo unogona kuputsa zvose zviri zviviri kodzero dzapachivande nenhevedzano yavose. Muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikurusa ndiO.S.Simpson mhaka: Akasunungurwa mudare routsotsi (mutoro woufakazi husati hwasangana) asi akawana kuva ane mhaka nokuda kwerufu rwakaipa mudare ravagari vemo (kupamhiko yemhosva). Nenzira yakafanana, munhu anodenha mumwe anogona kuita utsotsi (asrapt) nemutongo wechinobhuroputi; nyajambwa anogona kukwidzwa nokuda kwokukuvadziko apo hurumende inotonga. Kunzwisisa uku kunokosha: chisarudzo chemhosva mudare routsotsi chinogona kushandiswa sechiratidzo chapashure, asi muregi haadzivisi mutongo wavagari vehurumende.

Nei Mashandiro Anoita Zvinhu Zvose Achikosha?

Mutemo wavagari vemo unonangidzira ngwariro pamibhadharo neruramisiro yapachivande, nepo mutemo weutsotsi uchimanikidzira miitiro yenzanga nokuranga chakaipa. Pamwe chete, zvinogovera gadziriro yapamutemo yakakwana. Somuenzaniso, kambani inotengesa zvinhu zvine ngozi namaune ingatarisana nemhosva dzeboka revagari vemo (vanyajambwa vanobhadharwa) uye pomero dzoutsotsi nokuda kwechitsotsi kana kuti kuuraya (kurambidza sangano nevakuru vakuru varo). Uku kusvika kwemiitiro yepamberi inopesana kunodzivisa kusazvibata uye kunovimbisa kuti vanyajambwa havasiyiwi pasina dziviriro.

Nzira Yokutsvaka Nayo Betsero Yapamutemo

Kupa mhaka kana kuti zvimwe mutemo wehurumende woga kune ngozi. Kunhau dzehurumende, bvunza gweta rehurumende rinopa pamutemo nzvimbo yakakodzera (chibvumirano, tort, mhuri). Masangano akawanda ebhawa anopa mabasa anobatsira. Kunyaya dzoutsotsi, munhu anopomerwa mhosva anofanira kukumbira gweta nguva pfupi kana vasingagoni kubhadhara, dare rinofanira kugadza mudziviriri wavose. Masangano epamutemo anobatsira kuwana vanhu pasi pano nemhosva dzevagari vemo dzakafanana nokudzingwa munyika kana kuti kudzivirirwa nemasimba masimba. Kuwedzera, manyuko epaIndaneti anogona kugovera nhungamiro yokutanga:

mhedziso

Mutemo wavagari vemo noweutsotsi imhaka mbiri dzetsika, imwe neimwe ichitaura mativi akasiyana omufambiro wavanhu. Mutemo wevagari vemo unopedza kukakavadzana kwapachivande uye unogovera mishonga, nepo mutemo woutsotsi uchidzivirira nzanga kupfurikidza nokuranga nokudzivisa zvikanganiso zvavose. Kana uri kusaina chibvumirano, kutenga musha, kutarisana nemhosva, kana kuti kubatwa munhau yeutsotsi, nzwisiso huru yamapazu aya inokusimbisa kudzivirira kodzero dzako, kuita misengwa yako, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvaunoziva. Mutemo unobata rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu.