Kutanga: Zvematongerwe Enyika Nekodzero Dzokusarudza Zvematongerwo Enyika muJapan

Chimiro chezvamatongerwe enyika cheJapan chakadzorwa kwamakumi amakore neLiberal Democratic Party (LDP), simba retsika rakaumba miitiro yorudzi chifo cha 1955. Nepo LDP yakatarisira kukura kunoshamisa kwezvemari nedzikamo, vatsoropodzi vanoomerera kuti udzori hwayo kazhinji kazhinji hwave huchinonoka kukurukura maruramiro amapoka maduku. Zviverengero zvavagari vemo muJapan . Kubatanidza pesvedzero huru dzedzinza dzakadai seAinu, Burakun, uye Zainichizeri, uyewo vanhu veChoriya, vane urema, uye nzanga yeLBGTQh. Nemhaka yetsika dzakatarisana nerusarura nzanga uye pasi pokumirira. Kunzwisisa kuti pesvedzero huru dzemasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika dzinotapura sei mapoka aya eJapan dzinotapura kuenzana nyika nokuenzana.

Mukupesana, masangano echishoro akafanana neConstitution Democratic Party (CDP), Japanese Communist Party (JCP), uye mapoka maduku anofambira mberi akasundidzira nguva dzose nokuda kwemitemo yakasimba inorwisana norusaruro uye kuva pakati penzanga kukuru. Pesvedzero yawo yakura mumakore achangobva kupfuura, ichimanikidzira gakava rorudzi pakodzero shomanene idzo dzakamboiswa parutivi. Nyaya ino ino inonzvera chimiro chamasangano makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan, tapuro chaiyo pamapoka akati kuti amirei, hurumende yomufananidzo wezvamatongerwe enyika, uye mhinganidzo dzinopfuurira kuvandudza.

Nhoroondo Yekodzero Dzokudukuswa muJapan

Japan’s yapera Hondo II, yakaitwa muna 1947, inoisa maruramiro makuru avanhu nokuenzana pasi pomutemo ( Article 14). Zvisinei, chinyorwa hachidzivisi zvakajeka rusaruro rwakavakirwa parudzi, dzinza, mirangariro yevatano, kana kuti chizivikanwo chavanhu. Uku kusiya nzvimbo yapamutemo iyo mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika ave achinonoka kuzadza. Nomusimbo, hurumende yeJapan yakaronda muitiro wokusarira vanhu veAinu ndokuisa ganhuriro yakakomba panzanga yeZainchizeria, vazhinji vavo vakamanikidzirwa kuramba vari muJapan pashure pehondo. [FLT:] Burmun [5], vazukuru vegaro, vadzoro yetsika dzapamutemo kutarisana nemhoshoro, pasinei kutarisana nechisarudzo nemitemo yenzanga muruware.

Kwamakumi amakore, ngwariro yeLDP pakubudirira kwezvemari netsinhirano yenzanga yaiwanzoreva funganyo dzenhando. Mubatanidzwa webato nemapoka ezvitendero namabhizimisi asingachinji zvakasimbisa muenzaniso wetsika. Kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira muma 1990 apo Ainu yakawana zivikanwo yapamutemo savanhu vomunzvimbomo, uye muna 2019 bedzi Diet yakapfuudza Ain Reationion Act[ Act [[FLT], iyo inobvuma kodzero dzavo netsika asi inomira kukupa kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kana kuti kodzero dzenyika. Nenzira yakafanana, kukwikwikwidzanisa roorano imwe cheteyo kwave kwave kuripo kubva pa2019, pasina LGT+ diviscrectal mutemo unorect. Boka raveri rezvamatongerwe enyika rave richingofambira mberi kwazvo.

Mapoka Makuru Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Nekutsigira Kwawo Kodzero Dzouduku

Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinoongorora mapoka makuru nenzvimbo dzawo pakodzero dzevashomanana.

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)

LDP yave ine simba rinenge rinopfuurira chifo cha 1955, kuumba hurumende dzakabatana nebato reKomeito. Chiteshi chayo chomutemo chinosimbisa kukura kwemari, chengeteko yenyika, uye mipimo yemhuri yagara iripo. Pakodzero dzechiduku, LDP yave ichizengurira munhau kuisa mutemo unodzivisa kupesana nediscrinition. Somuenzaniso, boka racho rakashora mutemo 2021 waiitirwa “kunzwisisa” LGBTQ+ zvinyorwa, uye shanduro yokudiridza zvikarakadzo zvapakuvamba (*) pashure pokunge LDP yaita kuti pamutemo idzivirire vanhu vashomanene vevatano. RDP ringagona kusekesa mipimo yemhuri yomukati, kubatanidza [[FLD:]]“ Socie yedziviriro yedziviriro yetsika dzeJapan [FFF]

Pamitengo miduku yedzinza, LDP yakatsigira Ainu Promotion Act asi yakadzivisa zvinodikanwa zvezvizvarwa zvemo zvinozvibatanidza. Vapati vanochengetawo batano dzapedyo ne Buraku Livition League? Aiwa, chaizvoizvo, LDP yakadzivisa kurwisana kwakananga nenhau dzechiBhereni, kusarudza kuvimba nemhinduro dzomunzvimbomo dzakakodzera. Mumitemo yekodzero dzavakadzi, PDP pasi poMutungamiriri wePrime Shinzo Abe inosimudzira “Mabasa echikadzi" kusimudzira kutora rutivi rwechikadzi, asi mitemo yayo haina kudzora kusarura kwakakomba kwouchirume kana kuti kwechikadzi. Boka rinoramba richisarira zvimiro zvomunzvimbomo zvomunhukadzi muparamende.

Constitution Democraticment Party (CDP)

CDP, yakaumbwa muna 2017 sekubatanidzwa kwemapoka akati kuti eruboshwe, iboka gurusa rinoshora. Iro rinotsigira nhano dzinoshingaira kudzivirira kodzero dzechiduku, kubatanidza mutemo unopesana norudzi, dzinza, vatano, uye urema. CDP yakakarakadza Mutemo mukuru pakodzero dzevanhu. uyo ungasimbisa mibato inodzika. Mukati mechirongwa 2021 chokuvhota, chikwata chakagadzwa kunyoresa muchato wetemutemu, uye kusimudzira kutora rutivi rumwe cheterwo rwavakadzi nevamwe vanhu vaduku mune zvematongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, musangano wacho nedzimwe nguva nemapoka maduku akakanganisawo zvikumbiro. CDP yakadanawo kuti zvizivikanwe uye kuti zita reAitwe. Kunyange zvazvo zvichine kodzero dzokusarudza nyika dzakaita kuti dzishandurwe kana kuti dzive dzakanzi dzivepo.

Komeito

Komeito, mubiyake murungano rweLDP, anobva musangano reSoka Gakkai Bhuddha. Chikuva charo chinosimbisa garikano yenzanga, rugare, uye chiremera chomunhu. Komeito anowanzoita sesimba rinonyandura mubatanidzwa, achisunda chinjo dzekuwedzera panhau shoma. Somuenzaniso, chakaita basa guru mukupfuudza 2021 LGBTQ+ renzwisiso. Zvisinei, Komeito ave achingwarira paroorano imwe cheteyo yetex, achidudza kurangarira kworudzidziso. Pamitengo, boka rinosimudzira kuchengetwa kwetsika asi haritsigiri nokuda kwokugadziridzwa kwekodzero dzezvivako. Chinjo dzaro charo pamusoro pekodzero dzavanhu vashomanene dzinoganhuridzwa nereyiro.

Boka rechiKomonisiti reJapan (JCP)

JCP ndiyo mubato unofambira mberi zvikuru nguva dzose pakodzero shoma. Inoraira kurambidza kwakajeka kwebumbiro remitemo kurambidza rusaruro rwedzinza nerechikadzi, kunyoreswa kwapamutemo kwechibvumirano chomutezo chimwe chetecho chevatano yevatano yevatano yevatano yavanhu vakasiyana, uye kubviswa kwechirango cherufu (jenian) nhau isina kubatanidzwa zvakananga nevorushoma asi ine chokuita neruramisiro yenzanga. JCP inotsigirawo kodzero dzaZanichi Korea, kubatanidza kodzero yokuvhota mukusarudza kwapanyika, uye yakakarakadza kutsivazve kudzorwa kwehurumende yeJapan. Pasinei zvapo nechimiro chayo chakajeka, JCPP yave yakadzorwa muzvamatongerwe enyika, ichiva bedzi zvigaro 10 muimba yakaderera. Mifungo yayo inowanzova mutemo, asi inochengeta nhau shomanene mukurukurirano yeparamende.

Nippon Ishin no Kai (Boka Rokuchinja reJapan)

Iri boka rakavakirwa kuOsaka rinonangidzira ngwariro pakuvakwa kwakafanira kwenharaunda nenzvimbo yezvokuchengetera kodzero dzechipameso. Harina kuva nenzvimbo dzakasimba pakodzero dzechiduku, kazhinji kazhinji richisiyira nhau dzakadaro kuvagadziri vemitemo vamwe navamwe. Muna 2022, vamwe mitezo yeIshin yakashora chibvumirano chinorwisana nediscrination chinoratidzira pesvedzero yebato racho pakodzero shomanene inoramba iri duku.

Tapuro Pamapoka Evaduku Chaiwo

Uduku Hwemadzinza: Ainu, Burakumin, uye Zainichi Korea

Nhoroondo yehurumende yeJapan yokuva rudzi rwakafanana yakafukidza kwenguva refu mhatsa yedzinza. Ainu , yakaberekerwa munharaunda dzeHokkaido nedzokuchamhembe, yakazivikanwa muna 2008 nechisarudzo chaDiet icho chisina kupa kodzero dzakaderera. 2019AI Provention Act yakatanga mari yemibato yetsika asi yakaramba zvakajeka kodzero dzehurumende kunyika kana kuti kuzviisa pasi. Hurumende dzakapesana neIIIN, dzakapa rumbidzo dzokudzora migaro yavo yegamuchidzanwa. Mukupesana, mapoka akafanana neCDP neJCP anotsigira kodzero dzenyika nehurumende.

nzanga inonzi Burakumin, inofungidzirwa kuva vanhu vane mamirioni 1, inopfuurira kutarisana nerusaruro mumabasa neroorano. LDP yakatsigira Buraku Livotion Law[ (1969) uye vatsivi vayo, asi iyi mitemo inonangidzira pakuvandudza migariro yokurarama panzvimbo pokudzivisa kupesana. Chishoro chakasundira nokuda kwokuchengeta zvakasimba zvikuru negadziriro yezvokwadi, asi izvi zvikarakadzo zvakadzorwa. Mapokate enyika haawanzova anoramba ari manyuko.

Zainichi Coréas, vazukuru vechizvarwa chechitatu ne chechina vavatami vanotama vachibva kunyika imwe chete, vanotarisana nerusaruro rwapamutemo: vanorambidzwa kuvhota murusarudzo rworudzi uye vane miganhu yokuwana dzimba dzavose. LDP yakadzivisa kupa kodzero dzokuvhota, nepo CDP neJCP zvichiritsigira. Komeito yakazvitsigirowo. Zvisinei, zvematongerwe enyika achachinja mutemo unoramba wakaderera, uye pfungwa yokuvenga Keroa nguva nenguva inodzorwa neyaKra.

Vakadzi Nekuenzana Kwevanhu Vose

Vakadzi muJapan vanotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinopfuurira: kuratidzirwa kwakaderera muutungamiriri, musiyano wevatano we 24%, uye mwero yakakwirira yenetsiro dzevatano. “Solometics” nhano dzakawedzera dzokutora rutivi rwavashandi vechikadzi asi hadzina kukurukura nhau dzegadziriro dzakadai sebasa repamba risingabhadharwi kana kuti kushaikwa kwokutarisira vana. CDP naJCP vatsigiri nokuda kwezvikamu zvechikwata zvevatano mumabhodhingi nezvigaro zvevatano. Muna 2020, Japan yakawana nhamba ye 120 kubva munyika 156 muWorld Economic Forum’s Demilt Index. Mapokaka avanhu havasati vaita kuenzana kwevatano nechinhu chikuru; PD inochengeta idikarevo yetsika yetsika.

Muna 2023, mutemo unoda kuti makambani ane vashandi vanopfuura 300 azivise musiyano wavo wevatano yavanhukadzi wakaitwa pasi peboka reLDP-Komeito, nhano yokufambira mberi. Zvisinei, zvimiro zvakawanda zvokusarura zvinoramba zviri zvapamutemo. Mapoka anoshora anopfuurira kushinga nokuda kwemipimo yakasimba zvikuru, asi kudzivisa kweLDP kwanonozeka fambiro mberi.

LGBTQ+ Kodzero

Japan inoramba iri nyika G7 bedzi isingabvumiri pamutemo roorano dzevatano kana kuti masangano avagari vemo. Muna 2021, LDP-Komeito yakaisa mutemo uyo “kunzwisisa” kweLGBTQ+ vanhu (ichikamu chakabvumirana zvisina kurambidza rusaruro). Chifo chepo, matare eruwa akawanda akatonga kuti kushaikwa kweroorano imwe cheteyo yevatano yevatano yevatano yavanhu voga yoga kusatenderwa, asi LDP haina kunyandura kuchinja mutemo. CDP neJCP yakasuma zvikwereti zvekuenzana roorano uye zvinorwisana nediscriniorectimi zviito zvinonzwika zvikuru, asi haana kupfuudza nemhaka yezvo.

Murangariro wavose wachinja nokukurumidza: nzvero zvino dzinoratidza inopfuura 70% tsigiro yeroorano youhuhuhu. Bva mapato ezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru LDP, anononoka kuchembera. Vaiti vemitemo veLDP vanotya kushatisa vatsigiri vorudzidziso nevegamuchidzanwa. Muuyo wacho unooneka: LGBTQ+ vanhu vanoshuma mwero yakakwirira yokuzviuraya nokuzviparadzanisa. Chimiro chezvamatongerwe enyika chinopesvedzera zvakananga mhoteredzo yepamutemo nenzanga.

Kumirira Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika uye Muuyo Womutemo

Miduku inomirirwa zvakakomba muDiet yeJapan. Vakadzi vane inenge 14% yezvigaro zvakaderera zveimba ngezantsi chete . Pasi pezvigaro zveOECD. Kune avhareji shomanene bedzi yeLGBTQ + vagadziri vemitemo pachena, uye hapana dzinza duku reMPS muimba yakaderera. [[FLT:] [FLT]] Buramaminin [[FLD:] ine mumiriri mumwe weimba yapamusoro BURA COP] COP[FLD]

Miuyo inoratidzira uku kushaikwa kwomufananidzo. Basa paKusimudzira Tsika yeAinu harina gadziriro dzokuita kuti zvinhu zvivepo. Antiririti-Brilish Act[ (20203]) haidziviriri zvakananga vadzidzi vashoma. [[FLT:]] Ukuenzana muProtestiation Act[[[FLT:]] (2017) inokurudzira maganhuro akaenzana avadaidzo asi asina chirango nokuda kwezvisingawi. Ruoko rwakakwana runodzivirira ruvengo ruvengo kana kuti rusarura, mabasa. [FTB]] [FT]

Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika ane mutoro nokuda kweidzi nzvimbo. Kudzora kweLDP kunoreva kuti zvikwereti zveshamwari shomanene hazviwanzosviki pavhoti. Chishoro, nepo chisingagoni kutaura, kumanikidza chiito chomutemo. Muuyo mutoo wokuwedzera uyo unowanzosangana nokutsoropodza kwamarudzi ose. Somuenzaniso, Dare reUN pamusoro peKubvisa Rusaruraganda rakakurudzira rakurudzirazve Japan kutora mutemo wakazara.

Zviitiko Nezvinetso Zvemisi Ichangobva Kupfuura

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, maruramiro mashoma akawana ngwariro yavose zvikuru, yakasundwa nedzvinyiriro yamarudzi ose, zviito zvemiitiro yetsika, uye chinjo yechizvarwa. 2020 Tokyo Olympics yakaunza nzvero kukubatwa kweJapan neLGBTQ+ nzanga. Matare muSapporo, Tokyo, uye Fukuoka akatonga kuti kurambidzwa kweroorano youdivi, kunoputsa bumbiro remitemo rinoyera remitemo (gconstrupt). Muna 2023, LDP [FLT: 0] yakaramba zvikarakadzo zvechishoro kuti ipedze kurukurirano yeparamendi pamusoro pokuenzana, kunyandura hasha dzavo pachena.

nzanga yakawanawo rukundo ruduku muna 2022 apo hurumende yakagovera mari nokuda kwedzidzo yomutauro, asi kushaikwa kwamaruramiro ezvamatongerwe enyika kunoramba kuri nhau yakakomba. Munguva ino, kuvenga Zainichi Coreans [ inopfuurira, zvikurukuru paIndaneti, uye masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika akaita zvishomanene kuidzora. CDP naJCP vanotanga chirevo chokurambidza kutaura kwakafara zvikuru, asi haina kupfuura.

Denho dzinobatanidza kubata kukuru kwemirangariro yenzanga, LDP, uye kukamukana kwamapoka anoshora. CDP yakatamburira kupa pamberi pakabatana, uye mapoka maduku anobatira pamwe zvisina kunaka. Kushaikwa kwegadziriro yemienzaniso ine mireza miduku inodzivisa chinjo. Uyezve, LDP inowanzova neboka renzanga duku revagari vemo, ichideredza zvinodikanwa zvavo. Somuenzaniso, Buraku FUGUV Chinzwano cheMutengo weRepublication yakatsoropora kugamuchira PLDPG.

Murangariro Wakaenzana Nechitarisiko Chenguva Yemberi

Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakakwirira, Japan inoderera mukodzero shoma. United States, Canada, uye nyika dzeEurope dzine mitemo yakakwana inorwisana nekusawirirana kwevatano, roorano yevatano, uye chiito chakasimba zvikuru. Kushaikwa kweJapan kwekodzero dzavagari vemo nenzanga yayo isina kusimba zvinhu. Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika muJapan haagamuchiri zvikuru kumitemo miduku nemhaka yokuti aya mapoka ane simba rechisarudzo rakaganhurirwa.

Zvisinei, chinjo dzechiverengero chavagari vemo nokudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose zviri kumanikidzira vawirirani kuchinjika. Hum Rights Watch 2024 mushumo paJapan wakakurumbira fambiro mberi paAinu asi yakatsoropodza kusavapo kwomutemo wehurumende unorwisana nediscration. International Labour Organization yakadanawo dziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru pakusasarura. Kukwirira kunopfuurira kweroorano imwe cheteyo kungamanikidza pakupedzisira kudzora roorano yeLDP, zvikurukuru kana murangariro wavose ukapfuurira kushandura.

Nguva yemberi yamaruramiro mashoma muJapan inotsamira pamasimba ebato rezvamatongerwe enyika. Kana LDP ikaramba iri musimba, fambiro mberi ichanonoka uye inowirirana. Mubatanidzwa wamapoka anoshora angagona kuita chinjo huru. Kuparadzana pakati pamapapiro ayo eLDP anochinja-chinja uye emazuva ano kungagona kuparira chinjo. Basa reKomeito somubiyake wemubatanidzwa richavawo rinokosha: ingagona kusunda nokuda kwemimwe miitiro inofambira mberi kana ichida.

Mapoka avagari vemo, akadai se Uronzesa nokuda kweJapan yose neAinu Association yeHokkaido[, inopfuurira kugamuchirwa nokuda kwokuchinja. Nhamburiko dzayo, dzabatanidzwa nokunzvera kwamarudzi ose, dzinganetesa zvishoma nezvishoma kukunda kweLDP. Zvisinei, kusvikira kumirira vashoma muDiet kwawedzera (*) kupfurikidza nezvikamu kana kuti kuchinja kwevhiyiyo (-8) kungangoramba kuchidzorwa.

mhedziso

Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan anoita basa guru mukuumba nzanga yekodzero shomanene. Kudzora kwenguva refu kweLDP kazhinji kazhinji kwakachengeta mugariro, kuterama pamberi panzvimbo yokubatanidzwa. Mapati anoshora, zvikurukuru CDP ne JCP, zvakasundwa nguva dzose nokuda kwedziviriro dzakasimba zvikuru, asi kushaikwa kwavo kwesimba remitemo kwakaganhurira pesvedzero yavo. Kufambira mberi kwakaitwa padzimwe nhevedzo dzedaviso , LGBTQ, uye kutora rutivi kwavakadzi kwakaderera.

Nguva yemberi yekodzero dzechishoma muJapan haina chokwadi. Ichatsamira pachido chezvamatongerwe enyika chemabato makuru, kuunganidzwa kwenzanga shomanene, uye dzvinyiriro dzokunze. Kusvikira zvino, mukaha pakati pezvibvumirano zvamarudzi ose zveJapan nechinhu chaichoicho chinoramba wakafara. Kuwana wirirano kuchada kwete bedzi chinjo yemitemo asiwo chinjo mutsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika (jere redi retsika) inokoshesa kupesana nokubatanidzwa. Gakava rinopfuurira mukati menzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan, kunyange zvazvo richinonoka, rinokosha mukufambisira mberi kodzero dzavagari vemo vose vayo.

nyanzvi dzeUN dzinokurudzira Japan kutora mutemo wakakwana unorwisana neparation → [[FLT:]BC: mapoka maduku eJapan uye kurwira kodzero