Chaunga chavagari vemo chinoshanda sechikamu chokutonga chakabatana pakati pavagari vemo nehurumende dzavo, chichishanda secherekedzo pasimba rehurumende nemutungamiriri wenzwi ravose. Nhengo dzose dzinotonga noutongi hunosarudzwa navanhu hunoshamisa munyika yose, chaunga chavagari vemo chine simba kazhinji kazhinji ndiwo mutsetse wokutanga wedziviriro paruchiva, ushati, uye usingaverengeki. Iyi nzvero yakakura inonzvera basa renyika revagari vemo mukusimudzira kujeka kwehurumende, mibato yainoshandisa, mhinganidzo dzachakatarisana nadzo, uye tapuro dzainooneka dzachakawana. Kunzwisisa ukama inhau nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anozvipira kuvaka pachena, kugamuchira, uye kuvimbika kwavose.

Mavambo Okuona Hurumende Zvairi Nezvokudzora Kwayo

Kuoneka kwehurumende hakusati kuchingovawo zvako kwakaisvonaka; iko iko kuvamba kwehurumende inotonga yedemocracy. Papakati pako, kujeka kunoreva kuti vanhu vane maruramiro okuziva kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei, kuti mari yavose inoshandiswa sei, uye kuti simba rinoshandiswa sei. Apo vagari vemo vanogona kusvika panguva yakafanira, yakarurama, uye mashoko anonzwisisika, vanogona kutora rutivi nenzira ine revo mumiitiro yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, vanobata vakuru vakuru vakuru vanozvidavirira, uye vanobatira pamwe nehurumende padenho dzakagoveranwa.

Kuona chitarisiko mushongawo une simba kuushati. Kana zviito zvehurumende zvikavanzwa panzvero yavose, mikana yokupfumbadzira chiokomuhomwe, kuwanda kwemari. Ukuwo, bhajeti rakazaruka, zvinyorwa zvavose, uye zvinoitika zvemitemo zvinowanika zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma zvikuru kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vashandise zvisina kufanira nzvimbo dzavo. Sangano reSangano reSangano reMarudzi rizive kuti masangano ane zvinhu zvinooneka zvakajeka serutivi rweSteinable Development, 16 urwo runoraira kuti kuvakwa zvinobudirira, zvine mutoro, uye kuti zvisaitwe pamwero yose. Kunzvera kubva kumasangano akafanana neWorld Bank nguva dzose kunoratidza kuti nyika dzine mwero yakakwirira zvikuru yokuoneka zvakanaka dzinova nouori, kukura zvikuru mune zvemari, uye kuvimbwa navanhu vose.

Hurumende hadziwanzopi mashoko nokuzvidira; kazhinji kazhinji dzinoda kumanikidzwa zvakasimba nevagari vemo vakarongwa uye mapoka anozvimirira kuti dziwane chivando chehurumende.

Kupinza Kunoita Sosaiti Yavagari Vemo Hurumende Kuona Zvakanaka

Masangano enzanga yavagari vemo (CSOS) anoshandisa nzira dzakawanda kusimudzira kuona. Kuongorora kwaanoita basa, kutsvakurudza, kunyoresa, kuendesa pamutemo, dzidzo yavose, uye kushandira pamwe nehurumende inochinja. Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinotsanangura zvinhu zvikuru izvo nzanga yevagari vemo inofambira mberi kupfurikidza nazvo kudzora.

Kuongorora Nokutarisira Kwomunhu Oga

Chimwe chemipiro yakananga zvikurusa yenzanga yehurumende kutarisirwa kwakarongwa kwemibato yehurumende. Masangano anoongorora ndyiko dzavanhu vose, mabasa okunzvera, anoyera kuitwa kwemitemo nemitemo, uye zvinoitika zvezvinyorwa zvetsvina kana kuti ushati. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzakawanda, CSOs yadhinda "kuoneka" nhano dzinonzvera bhajeti renyika kana kuti romunzvimbomo ndokuenzanisa mari yakarongwa nemigumisiro chaiyoiyo. Apo kusabvumirana kuvamba, aya mapoka anowana pachena zvaawawana uye kukumbira tsananguro kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Mukuwedzera kukutarisirwa kwemari, mapoka enzanga avagari vemo anowanzochengeta sarudzo, marusando emitemo, uye gadziriro dzemiitiro yokusarudza. Mishoni yokunzvera kupfurikidza neCSOs inobetsera kuvimbisa kuti miitiro yokusarudza inoramba yakasununguka, yakanaka, uye inopenya. Nenzira yakafanana, masangano enjanji anopinda mvumo dzavose uye mushumo pamusoro pokuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanobata vagari vemo nenzira inowirirana kana kuti vanoshanda seri kwemasuo akavharwa. Uku kutarisira kwokuzvimirira kunoparira kudzivisa kune simba mutsika uye kugovera vanhu mashoko anodikanwa kuyera basa rehurumende.

Kutsvakurudza, Kuongorora Mashoko, uye Kuedza Kuzivisa Vanhu

Masangano enzanga anoshanda senzvimbo dzinoshandira ruzivo dzinoshandura mashoko akaoma kunzwisisa ehurumende kuva mashoko anowanika kuvagari vemo. Nokunzvera nokunzvera mashoko, anofumura nzira dzouori, kusakwanisa, kana kuti rusaruro rungaramba rwakavanzwa. Anobudisa mishumo, mashoko enhau, uye mawebsite okunyoresa anoita kuti zvive nyore kuti munhuwo zvake anzwisise kuti hurumende yake inoshanda sei. Uku kuchinjwa kwemashoko kunosimbisa vagari vemo kuti vapinde muruzivo rwokuziva.

VaCSOs vakawanda vanoshandisawo zviziviso zvevanhu, zvinobudisa mashoko, zviitiko zvavose, uye mashopu okushandira nzanga kudzidzisa vagari vemo nezvekodzero yavo yokuwana mashoko, kukosha kwokuona, uye kuti vangada sei kuzvidavirira.

Kunyoresa Kwepamutemo uye Mitemo Yakarurama Kumashoko

Zviitwa zvishoma zvenzanga yavagari vemo zvakachinja semitemo yenyika yose yerusununguko rwemashoko (FOI). Munyika nenyika, mapoka enzanga avanhu akatungamirira kurwa kuti aise, asimbise, uye ashandise mutemo weFOI. Vanotsigira nokuda kwerondedzero dzakafara dze "mashoko ehurumende," shomanene, yakaderera kana kuti isina mibhadharo yezvikumbiro zvezvitendero. Mitemo imo iri pamabhuku, CSOS inopfuurira kutarira kuzviisa pasi, kuramba kuzviisa mudare, uye vagari vemo pamusoro penzira yokushandisa nayo FOI zvikumbiro nenzira inobudirira.

Rusununguko rweInformation Act muUnited States muenzaniso unokosha, asi mitemo yakafanana zvino iripo munyika dzinopfuura 120. Indias Trust to Information Act (2005) wakanga uri mugumisiro wakananga wemakore ezviito zveuswa zvamasangano akadai seMazhoo Kiston Shakti Santagahan (MKS), iyo yaishandisa kunzwika kwapachena nenhambanokachaunga kuti ifumura uori mumaropinduriro omumaruwa. Izvi pamutemo hazvingavipo pasina dzvinyiriro isingachinji yenzanga yavagari vemo.

Kubatanidzwa Kwomugari Wemo Nokubatanidzwa Mukutonga

Kuona chitarisiko haisiyo mhedziso pachayo; mutoo wokugonesa kutora rutivi rune revoruzhinji. Sangano rinoita nzvimbo umo vagari vemo vanogona kubatira pamwe zvakananga navakuru vakuru vehurumende, vanogovera mutevedzeri wemitemo, uye betsero yezvisarudzo zvinotapura upenyu hwavo. Kubatanidzwa kwemari yokushandisa mari, somuenzaniso, kwakavamba muPorto Alegre, Brazil, mukupera kwama 1980 uye kubvira panguva iyoyo kwakapararira kumazana amaguta munyika yose. Muaya masangano, mitezo yenzanga inovhotera pamashandisirwe emari inopabhurowo yemari yehurumende, neCSOs inopa mutengo nokutsigira kwemichina.

Kuwedzera pakuronga mari, nzanga inoronga kukurukura nevanhu, horo dzemataundi, uye matare anotarisira vagari vemo.

Mashandisiro Akaitwa Zvemagetsi Nesangano Remazuva Ano Rokuratidza Kuti Zvinhu Zviri Kuoneka

Ruzivo rwezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakawedzera zvinoshamisa zviwanikwa munzanga. Zvikamu zvemahofisi edata, maapps eserura, mabutiro evanhu, uye maInternet zvinobvumira CSOs kuunganidza, kuongorora, uye kuparadzira mashoko pamwero usina kumboenzana. Masangano ava kutsvaira mawebsite ehurumende kuti awane mashoko, kugadzira mabhodhi chaiwoiwo ezvinenge zvichitengwa, uye kuita kuti vagari vemo vakwanise kushuma uori vasingazivikanwi kupfurikidza neserura.

Somuenzaniso, Hurumende iOpen Officer [OGP], ibasa rakawanda rakaitwa muna 2011, rinobatanidza hurumende nenzanga yavanhu kuti vabatane kuti vaite zvirongwa zvenyika zvekuonekana, kutora rutivi, uye kuzvidavirira. Masangano enzanga avagari vemo anoita basa guru muOGP kupfurikidza nokutarisira misengwa yawo yehurumende, achisundira nokuda kwechinjo dzinoda kuva nevavakidzani vane nzvimbo patafura. Mubatanidzwa wacho wakura kubatanidza nyika dzinopfuura 70 nemazana ehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, achiratidzira simba renzanga kuti ifambire nyika yose ive nechinjo yenyika yenyika yose.

Masangano ehurumende anofanira kugara achichinja - chinja zvinhu zvinovhiringidza, achichengetedza zvinhu zvawo uye kuti makombiyuta arambe achizvishandisa.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nenzanga Yevagari Vomunyika Muhondo Yokuona Kureruka

Pasinei nokuti nyika iri kuita basa rayo rinokosha, nzanga inoramba ichibudirira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uye anowanzobatana, zvichida kuti sangano rirambe richifambirana uye kuti nyika dzose dzive neukama hwakasimba.

Kubudirira Kwemari Nokusawandisa

Masangano mazhinjisa enzanga yavagari vemo anotsamira pazvipo zvinobva panheyo, vapi venyika yose, kana kuti mipiro yomunhu oga. Aya manyuko okutsigira mari anogona kuva asingadeyi kujekeswa, anodzorwa nezvinodikanwa zvezvamatongerwe enyika, kana kuti akabatanidzwa nezvinodikanwa zvitete. Kana pfuma iri shoma, CSOS inofanira kuisa purogiramu pfupi panzvimbo yechivako chenguva refu chesangano, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mano avo okutarisira kwenguva refu. Mukuwedzera, hurumende dzakawanda dzakagadza mitemo inoganhurira mari yokumwe nyika nokuda kweCSOs, inoumba masangano anozvimirira se "vambi vemo vomunyika" uye inogura mipa miparo yemari inokosha.

Kuparara Kwemitemo uye Kwemitemo

Munyika dzakawanda, hurumende dzakaisa ganhuriro dzechisimba panzanga yavagari vemo. Idzodzi dzinobatanidza zvinodikanwa zviduku, rondedzero dzakafara dze "zvamatongerwe enyika" dzinotsvaira mukodzero dzavanhu nebasa rokuona, uye zvirango zvehasha nokuda kwamasangano anokundikana kuwirirana. Vatsigiri vanotarisana nokunzverwa, kunetsa, kusungwa kwoudzvinyiriri, uye kunyange masimba masimba omuviri. shatency International ] shoborateter yepasi pose inosimbisa nguva dzose nzvimbo inoderera yenzanga yevagari vemo, zvikurukuru munyika umo chinjo dzokujeka dzinodikanwa zvikurusa. Zvirambidzo zvakadaro hazvingokuvadzi bedzi masangano mamwe namamwe mabasa.

Kusakendenga Kwavose Nemashoko Asina Kururama

Kunyange munzanga dzakajeka, vagari vemo vakawanda havadi kubatanidzwa muhurumende. Kuvimba nesangano zvishoma, pfungwa yokusava nesimba, kana kuti kuwanda kwemashoko kungakonzera kusakendenga. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kuparadzirwa kwemashoko asina kururama uye kubudiswa kwemashoko kunovhiringidza vanhu nemaune, kunokanganisa kutenda mumashoko echokwadi, uye kunoita kuti zviome kuti nzanga dzivake mibatanidzwa kuti dzichinjike. Kurwisa kusingadiwi kunoda unyanzvi nokupfuurira, kusanganisira kushandisa nyaya dzokurondedzera, kubatana kwomunzvimbomo, uye kunyora mashoko akanyorwazve kuratidza vagari vemo kuti varatidze kuti nyaya dzavo dzokuvimbisana.

Ngozi Dzokuchengeteka Nedzeko Nokuda Kwavaiti Vezviito

Vatori venhau, vatsigiri vekodzero dzevanhu, uye vanodzivirira kuratidzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu vanowanzotarisana netyisidziro dzokungoita basa ravo. Munyika dzakadai seMexico, Philippines, uye Russia, vatsigiri vemibatanidzwa yetsika dzakabiwa, dzakarohwa, kana kuti dzakaurawa. Nzvimbo yemakombiyuta haina kuchengeteka; kudzivirira kwehurumende, kukweva, uye kushambadzira kunoitwa nehurumende kunowanzova kwakakurumbira. Masangano enzanga evagari vemo anofanira kupinza murovedzo yechengeteko, kutaura kwakanyepera, uye kutsigira pfungwa dzevashandi vavo. Mitevero yemarudzi ose, yakadai semaUN anodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu, kazhinji haakwanisi, anosiya vatsigirirwi vanoparadza nenzira ine ngozi.

Zvidzidzo Zvemhosva: Chikwata Chehurumende Chiri Kushanda

Kuti unzwisise simba renyika chairo renzanga yevagari vemo pakuoneka kwehurumende, kunobetsera kunzvera nhano dzakananga dzakawana miuyo inotapukira. Mienzaniso inotevera inoenzanisira gadziriro dzakasiana - siana namavhesi akapoteredza.

Rusununguko Rwemashoko Runoita Chiito muUnited States

FOIA, yakaitwa muna 1966, yakanga iri muuyo wakananga wamakumi amakore okuva nomutsigiri wenhau navanyori venhau, magweta, uye mapoka ehurumende akanaka akadai seAmerican Civil Liberesties Union neSosaiti of Professional Points. Masangano aya akatsigira mutemo waizovimbisa kuwanikwa kwevhoriyamu yehurumende, achiramba achizvidza kuzvidavirira kwehurumende. Nepo mutemo wokutanga wakanga une mhosho huru, nzanga yavagari vemo yakapfuurira kumanikidza kugadziridza nhevedzano mukati mema 1970, 1990, uye 2000. Nhasi, FOIA chishandiso chine simba chokufumura mufambiro wavanhu, kubva kuPentagon Paperpons kufes ounziromatestry. Zvisinei, mapoka avagari vemo anoramba achiongorora nokutsigira kugadziridza kudzokera kudzokorodza kumashure kwezvirongwa.

Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka Munyika Dzose

Yakavakwa muna 1993, Transparency International (TI) yazova sangano renyika rinotungamirira kurwisana nenzanga yevagari vemo nouori. Kupfurikidza nerouori Peceptions Index, Global Uoric Barometer, uye basa rokushambadza, TI yaisa uori pamiganhu yenyika yose. Inotsigira zvitsauko zvenyika munyika dzinotarisira kuperera kwehurumende, kumanikidza kuti pave negadziriso yepamutemo, uye kupa simba vagari vemo simba rokuridza mhetezo pakubatwa zvisina kufanira. T Isvoctacy yakashandiswa mukugamuchira United Nations Convention yokurwisana noUorivhi, izvo zvinobatanidza gadziriro dzokuoneka nokubatanidzwa kwemitevedzero yezviito zvinoramba zvichiitwa, Ti yakaratidza sei kuti nzanga imwe yenzanga inogona kuchinja zvose zviri zviviri nhevedzano yezviwitsinga.

Mubatanidzwa Wehurumende: Muenzaniso Mutsva Wechisiko chaKo

Hurumende yeGuaunt Staniter inomirira kubatira pamwe kutsva pakati pehurumende nenzanga. Yakavambwa nenyika sere muna 2011, OGP zvino inobatanidza hurumende dzakawanda dzinotanga zvirongwa zvokuzvidira mukukurukurirana nemasangano ehurumende akasununguka. Zvirongwa izvi zvinofukidza nzvimbo dzakadai sekujeka kwemijenya, kukwanisa kuwana mashoko, kutora rutivi rwavose, uye kushandiswa kwemitengo yezvokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Sangano rinoita basa rimwe renyika: sechibvumirano chemipitiro uye senzvero yakazvimirira. OGP yatungamirira kumigumisiro chaiyo, kubatanidza kubudiswa kwemajeritsi anobatsira mumitengo inobetsera seUnited Kingdom, kugamuchirwa kwemipimo yavose muUkraine muUkraine muUkraine, uye kugadziridza mutengo yemari mumaguta eLatin America. Mufananidzo unoratidza kuti apo nzanga inova nenzanga inogarisa tafura yevagari vemo inodzoro, inodzoro inodzorwa zvikuru.

India Ane Kodzero Yeboka Remashoko

Zvichida hapana chimwe chinoitika chimwe chakarongwa apo vagari vomumusha varombo vakatarisana navakuru vakuru pamusoro pemibayiro yavagari vemo inoshayiswa pamutemo. Kutanga muma1990 munyika yakaoma yeRajasthan. Mutemo wakabva kuMKS wakatanga kutaurirwa navakuru vakuru vemisha vakaderera pamusoro pemibayiro inoshaika uye yakarongwa. Kushandira kwacho kwakakura kuva nhimbe yerudzi runoraira kodzero yepamutemo kumashoko. Pashure pamakore okuda kudzorwa nomugwagwa, Paramende yeIndia yapfuura RTI Act muna 2005. Kubvira panguva iyoyo pamutemo wakashandiswa mamirioni enguva nevagari vemo vawo zvavo kuti vaongorore zvinyorwa zvenyika, kufumuranisa uori mumabasa avose, uye kuva nechapupuri chinozvidavirira. Kurovedza uye kudzorwa kweCO kwaverwa kwave kwave kuchiitwa nomutemo wemitemo, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nokubudirira kwenzanga.

Mugumisiro: Basa Risingataurwi Nevanhu Vanogara Munyika

Kujeka kwehurumende hakusi chipo chinoti; kodzero inofanira kunzi inodzivirirwa. Masangano enzanga avagari vemo ndiwo anotanga kutaura izvozvo. Nokuongorora, kutsvakurudza, kurongera, kurongera, uye kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo, vanotsvaga masuo akavharwa, vanofumura mufambiro wakaipa, uye vanoita kuti mamiriro ezvinhu ave okutora rutivi rwapachena. Sezvinoratidzwa nenyaya ino, kukunda kunoitwa nenzanga yevagari vemo jeri remitemo yezvokuwana mashoko, magungano anopesana nedzezvouori, mabhajeri, uye kubatana kwehurumende kwakajeka, (jeka) haisi miganhuro yetsika isina kufungwa asi mifungo yehurumende inovandudza upenyu.

Asi nzira iri mberi yakazara nezvinetso. Kuderedza nzvimbo yevagari vemo, mikana yokuwana zvinhu, miganhu, uye kusakendenga kwevanhu zvose zvinotyisidzira kufambira mberi. Kutsigira kufambira mberi, masangano enzanga anofanira kugadzira zvikwata, uye kuisa mari mukuzvitsigira. Vagari vemo vanofanira kuziva kuti kujeka hakusi mumwe munhu; kunoda kuvimbisana kwokushingaira. Kutsigira CSOs, kuchishandisa mitemo yemo yeFOI, kurayira kuti mashoko avhurwe, uye kuvhotera kuti vatsigiriri vezvekujeka vose ibatsire.

Ukama pakati penzanga yehurumende nehurumende ndehwokusazvidzora. Kana nzanga yavagari vemo yakasimba, hurumende dzine mutoro mukuru, uye hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzine utano hwakanaka. Apo nzanga yavagari vemo inodzorwa, kusadiwa nouori zvinowanda.