Kunaka Kwezvinobudisa Nhau Zvazvino Uno

Zuva riri rose, vanhu vanosangana nenhau dzakawanda, zvinonyorwa namasangano enzanga, mavhidhiyo, uye mashoko. Mashoko akawanda anoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuparadzanisa kushuma kwechokwadi nemirangariro, kunyengera, kana kuti mashoko asina kururama zvakananga. Vadzidzi navadzidzisi, vachikudziridza mano okusanonzvera mirangariro yenhau haisi bedzi unyanzvi hwedzidzo, unyanzvi hunokosha hwokuva mugari wemo ane mutoro. Apo vanhu vanonzwisisa kuti tsveyaha dzinoshanda sei, vanogona kufamba kupfuura kurangarira zvinhu nenzira yokufunga, yokunzwisisa. Iyi nhungamiro inokudzwa inonzvera zvimiro zvenhau, chikonzero nei kuchiva, kuti kunokosha, kuti kuve kwakaipa, uye nzira dzinoshanda dzokudzidzisa unyanzvi ihwo mumigariro yedzidzo.

Chii chiri Bias wezvokubudisa Nhau?

Hapana chinobudisa nhau chinogona kushuma chiitiko chose munyika, uye chisarudzo chiri chose chinobatanidza mwero wakati wechisarudzo chenhau. Bias anova anodenha apo inomonyanisa nenzira yakarongwa mashoko, inodzvinyirira mirangariro yakafanira, kana kuti inotsausa vateereri. Kunzwisisa zvimiro zvakati zvinotora inhano yokutanga mukunzvera nhau nenzira yokusangwarira.

Kusarudza Bias

Rusarura runoitika apo kupfuudza kunosarudza kufukidza dzimwe nhau apo unenge uchifuratira dzimwe. Somuenzaniso, imwe nhau ingatungamirira nemhosho yezvamatongerwe enyika, nepo imwe ichitungamirira nenhau yekubudirira kwezvemari. Hapana chisarudzo chisina kururama nenzira yomuzvarirwo, asi mutoo wokufukidza nawo unoumba izvo vateereri vanorangarira sezvinokosha. Nokufamba kwenguva, kusiiwa kwadzokororwa kwemisoro yakati kunogona kuparira mufananidzo wakajeka wechokwadi. kusarura kunopesvedzera matauriro avose [[ kupfurikidza nokusarudza kuti inhaui dzinowana ngwariro uye dzinoramba dziri mumimvudzi.

Kuumba Bias

Kuisa mirangariro yakaipa kunoitika apo maidi mamwe chetewo anopiwa nenzira inokurudzira kududzira. Chisarudzo chamashoko, mifananidzo, uye mashoko akapoteredza zvinogona kutungamirira vateereri kumhinduro yemirangariro chaiyo kana kuti mhedziso. Somuenzaniso, kurondedzera kutsutsumwa se "dhimoni" mukupesana na"aro "arot" anoisa chiitiko nenzira yakasiana zvikuru. Nhakadzo nemhaka yokuti chinoumba kuti vateereri vanonzwisisa sei kupindura nomutoro [ nokuda kwezvinoitika.

Kusimbisa Bias

Kusimbisa fungidziro irusaruro rwokufunga, kwete rwokusanzwa mashoko, asi runoshanda zvikuru nokushandiswa kwezvinobudisa nhau. Vanhu nenzira yomuzvarirwo vanosarudza mashoko anowirirana nezvitendero zvavo zviripo. Zviteshi zvenhau zvinogona kushandisa ichi chimiro chendangariro kupfurikidza nokubudisa zvirimo zvinosimbisa kuona nyika kwevateereri vavo. Apo vaoni vanongopedza bedzi mashoko anobva mumanyuko anosimbisa mirangariro yavo, vanova vanopesana zvikuru uye vasingazaruki kumamwe mafungire. Kubvuma kutsigira mirangariro mukati menyu kunokosha nokuda kwokushandisa kwakadzikama kwezvinobudisa nhau .

Partisan Bias

Pertisan dission inonongedzera kukombamiro yenhau yokuda mubato wakati wezvamatongerwe enyika, pfungwa, kana kuti zvirongwa zvemiitiro. Ikoku kunogona kuva kwakajeka, somumapepa emirangariro, kana kuti kunyengera, somuchimiro chemisoro yenhau. Pertisan inogona kutungamirira kukushuma kwakasarudzwa, uko maidi akanaka anosimbiswa kana kuti maidi asina kunaka anoregwa. Vazivi vanofanira kuziva nezvemirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika yamashoko makuru [ uye kutsvaka mirangariro yakasiana-tsiviwa.

Kunzwa

Kufunga chimiro chefungidziro icho chinoisa mavambo mutambo, rwisano, kana kuti pesvedzero yemirangariro pamusoro pechinhu. Nhau pamusoro poutsotsi, njodzi dzomusikirwo dzinowanzogamuchira ngwariro yakasiyana nemhaka yokuti dzinoparira kudhurowa nokuyera. Nepo idzi nhau dzisati dziri dzenhema hadzo, kunyanyisa kwavo kunogona kutsausa panhau dzinotevera dzakadai sekurukurirano dzemiitiro, nzvero yesayenzi, kana kuti nhau dzomunzanga. SANSALY] inokanganisa mano evoruzhinji okuvandudza zvinhu zvirokwazvo.

Chikonzero Nei Kunzwisisa Zvikara Kuchikosha

Kukwanisa kuona uye kuongorora rusaruro muzvinhu zvinobudisa nhau kunobatsira zvikuru vanhu uye nzanga.

Kuva Mugari Wemo Akaziva

Vagari vemo vanotsamira pamuvhota uchiziva. Apo vagari vemo vanogona kuziva rusaruro, vanoshongedzerwa zviri nani kuyera kutaura kwokukwikwidzana, kunzwisisa kutengeswa kwemiitiro, uye vanorangarira kuti vatungamiriri vanozvidavirira. Vagari vemo veMedia-retary havatani kubatwa nyore namashoko anoparadzirwa uye kunyengera[. Vanogona kutora rutivi muhurukuro yehurumende nechivimbo, vachiziva kuti mirangariro yavo inotsamira pahwaro hwokunzvera kunotsoropodza panzvimbo pokukumbira mirangariro kana kuti kukurudzira kumwe.

Unyanzvi Hwokufunga Hunonyanya Kunaka

Kunzvera manyuko enhau kunoda unyanzvi hwezvokunzvera hunochinjirwa kukunzvera kwedzidzo, basa rebasa rebasa, uye kuita zvisarudzo kwomunhu oga. Kubvisa ufakazi, kuziva fungidziro, uye kurangarira dzimwe rondedzero inyinzi huru dzinokwikwidzana dzokufunga kwokutsoropodza. Nyanzvi dzinoshandisa kurukurirano dzezvinobudisa nhau dzinova vazivi vanodzorwa zvikuru [, vanokwanisa zviri nani kuwana mabudiro ane mufungo, chiremera, uye vanoumba nharo.

Kuverenga Nokunyora Zvinobudisa Mashoko

Kugona kurava nokunyora mashoko kukwanisa kusvika, kunzvera, uye kugadzira zvinobudisa nhau muzvimiro zvakasiyana- siyana. Kunzwisisa fungidziro chinhu chikuru chedzidzo yokunyora nokunyora. Sezvo michina ichiita kuti mitsetse ive pakati pezvinyorwa, kushambadzira, uye mashoko akaiswa mushandi, kurava nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau kuchava kunokosha zvikuru. vadzidzi vane unyanzvi hwokudzidza vanobudisa nhau vanovagadzirira kuongorora zvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvakaita zvinhu zviri munyika yepasi pe [ apo munhu upi noupi anogona kubudisa chinhu, uye kuva nomutendiso unofanira kuwanikwa panzvimbo pokuzvitendwa.

Kutsungirira Mashoko Asina Kunaka

Mishumo yemashoko nemashoko zvinoparadzirwa nokukurumidza pasociation, kazhinji kazhinji nemigumisiro chaiyoiyo yakakomba yenyika. Vanhu vanonzwisisa rusaruro vane bviro huru yokupanikira kutaura kwokunyumwira, kuyera manyuko, uye kudzivisa kugoverana zviri mukati zvisina kutenderwa. Nzvero yenhau dzinoshanda semushonga wokudzivisa nhema[, kuita kuti vanhu nenzanga zvive nesimba zvikuru kutsinhiranisa zvirongwa zvepesvedzero.

Tsitsi uye Kuona Zvinhu Semaonere Anoita Munhu

Kubatanidzwa namanyuko akasiyana - siyana enhau kunokurudzira tsitsi kupfurikidza nokuratidzira vateereri kuzvinoitika nemirangariro yakasiana nezvavo vamene. Apo vadzidzi vanoenzanisa kuti kubuda mumativi ose ezvamatongerwe enyika kunofukidza sei chinoitika chimwe chetecho, vanovamba kuona kuti chinhu chimwe chetecho chinogona kutsanangurwa sei munzira dzakawanda. uyu muitiro unokurudzira kuzvininipisa kwoungwaru noruremekedzo nokuda kwemirangariro yakasiana - siana [, mavara anokosha nokuda kwekurukurirano inobudirira munzanga ine mizhinji.

Kuziva Kwaungaita Bias Muzvinhu Zvinobudisa Nhau

Kuziva kuti munhu ane rusaruro kunovandudza maitiro ake uye zvinotevera zvinobatsira pakuongorora nyaya dziri munhau.

Ongorora Kwakabva

Usati waita chimwe chikamu chenhau, wana nguva yokunzwisisa mabudiresi akaibudisa. Nzvera chimiro chounini, muenzaniso wemari, uye basa rokunyora nhau rechinyorwa chacho. Sangano renhau rine sangano guru ringava nerwisano dzefariro dzinopesvedzera. Zvibudiso zvinotsigirwa navanhu zvingashanda pasi peganhuriro dzakasiana- siyana kupfuura dzezvokutengeserana. ] VaWebsite dzakadai se , rinobetsera apo vateereri vanonzwisisa parimu rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Nzvera Mutauro

Sanoteerera kuchisarudzo cheshoko, nzwi, uye zita. Mutauro wakagadzirwa unogona kupa tendero kana kuti kusatendera pasina kuita nharo dzakajeka. Mashoko akadai se "claimed," "rected," "afukunurwa," kana kuti "aitenderwa" ane revo dzinogona kuumba kunzwisisa. Nenzira yakafanana, kuisa munhu sa "nyanzvi" kana kuti mutendi" anoisa kuvimbika kwake. rangarira misoro yemisoro iri mumativi ose kuti uone kuti mashoko akasiyana akachinja sei mashoko anorehwa. . Mutauro wemashoko unofanira kupa mashoko pasina chiratidzo chomutori wenhau.

Nzvera nokuda Kwedzikamo

Chenjerera kana kufukidza kwacho kuchibatanidza mifungo mizhinji panhau iripo. Nyaya yakadzikama haisati ichipa hayo ukoshi hwakaenzana kumurangariro uri wose, asi inofanira kubvuma nzvimbo dzakakodzera ndokugovera mashoko akapoteredza nokuda kweipo mapoka akasiyana - siyana anoramba. Ngwarira nhau dzinopa rutivi rumwe bedzi sedzakanaka apo unoramba kana kuti kufuratira ufakazi hunopikisa. inorevawo kupa manyuko mukana wokupindura kutsoropodzwa [ panzvimbo pokunokora mashoko avo bedzi vanotsigira zvinotaura ufakazi hunopesana.

Zvinotaurwa Nechokwadi

Kuvakwa imavambo ebudisi renhau dzakanaka. Varavi vanofanira kutanga tsika yokunzvera kutaura kwechokwadi mumanyuko akazvimirira. Idi rinocherekedzwa rakadai se Snopets, Platment[ PlatF], uye [[FLT:] FactC. org[FLT] ] nyora zvakarurama zvemashoko anoitwa nemifananidzo namashoko. Kana nyaya ikaita kuti izivise zvinoshamisa pasina kugovera ufakazi hunopesana, inoita nokusava nechokwadi kusvikira wagona kusimbisa mashoko akawanda.

Zviono Nemitsetse Zvinogadzirwa

Mifananidzo, machati, uye mavhidhiyo zvinogona kubviswa kana kuti kubviswa pamashoko akapoteredza kuti zvivakire pfungwa dzenhema. Chifananidzo chinoshamisa chingaperekedza nhau iyo isiri chaizvoizvo inomirira mamiriro ezvinhu akafara. Misoro inowanzonyorwa kusimbisa kudhuro, uye inganyanyokosha kana kuti kuwedzeredza zviri mukati menyaya. nguva dzose inoverenga musoro wenhau ndokutarira pamashoko akazara echinhu chipi nechipi chemaziso [ vasati vaumba murangariro.

Ziva Chinangwa Chacho

Rangarira kuti nei imwe nhau yakaitwa uye kuti ichava netapuroi yaiitirwa kuva nayo. Ko chikamu chakaitirwa kuzivisa, kunyengetedza, kutamba, kana kuti kunyandura chiito? Nhevedzano dzemirangariro, vapepeti venhau, uye zvirimo zvinotsigirwa zvine mipimo yakasiana yezvakafanana pane kushuma nhau dzakatwasuka. Kunzwisisa kunyorwa kwechidimbu kunobetsera kuisa kariro dzakakodzera[ nokuda kwokuvimbika nokururamisira kwayo.

Mibato Inoshanda Nokuda Kwavadzidzi

Mibato yomukirasi inobatanidza kunzvera kwokushingaira kwezvinobudisa nhau inogona kukudza nzwisiso yavadzidzi yorusaruro munzira dzisingakanganwiki.

Kuenzanisa Zvinobudisa Nhau

Sarudza chinoitika chikuru chenhau ndokukumbira vadzidzi kuenzanisa kuti zvibudiso zvitatu zvakasiana zvinoshuma sei. Chigovera nzira dzinobatanidza mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika, dzakadai semanyuko okuenda kuruboshwe, manyuko apakati, uye manyuko arudyi. Vadzidzi vanofanira kucherekedza misiano mumashoko emisoro, kusarudzwa kwenhau, manyuko anonokorwa mashoko, uye rudzi rwachose. Iyi rovedzo inozivisa kuti zvokwadi imwe cheteyo inogona kupiwa sei kupfurikidza namareyi akasiana zvikuru uye inobetsera vadzidzi kuziva unyanzvi hwakajeka hunoshandiswa kuumba.

Bias Journal

Vadzidzi vachengete magazini kwevhiki imwe umo vanonyora mienzaniso yerusaruro yavanosangana narwo mukushandiswa kwavo kwezvinobudisa nhau zvezuva nezuva. Kupinda kumwe nokumwe kunofanira kubatanidza manyuko, rondedzero pfupi yezviri mukati, uye kunzvera kuti rudzii rwefungira rwavapo. Vadzidzi vanogonawo kucherekedza kuita kwavo vamene kwemirangariro, uko kazhinji kazhinji kunoratidzira kuvapo kwomutauro wakatarwa kana kuti tsvetedzo. Kuratidzira kwomuzvarirwo kunovaka kuziva uye kunoita mirangariro inova inova inova inoitika panguva inotevedzerwa [.

Kunyorazve Musoro

Ratidza vadzidzi maidi asina kutora rutivi pamusoro pechinoitika chenhau ndokuvakumbira kunyora misoro yenhau iyo ichaoneka pamasuo ane mirangariro yakasiana yezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kuita kumanikidzira vadzidzi kufunga pamusoro penzira iyo kugadzira zvinhu zvinoshanda nayo pamwero mukurusa. Kutsaura misoro mikuru inovapo kunoratidzira kuti chisarudzo chamashoko choga chinogona sei kuchinja revo inorehwa [[ yenhau, kunyange apo maidi makuru anoramba ari mamwe chete.

Trace

Apo nhau dzinodudza nezvenhau fundo, mushumo, kana kuti kunokora mashoko kubva kumukuru mukuru, denha vadzidzi kuwana manyuko apakuvamba. Enzanisa nenzira iyo kubuda kwamashoko kwakaratidzira nayo manyuko enhau neizvo manyuko akataura zvomenemene. uyu mubato unodzidzisa vadzidzi kubvumikisa manyuko makuru uye unoratidzira zvinoitika umo zvinoparira nhau zvinonyanyotaura kana kuti zvinoshatisa rugwaro rwapakuvamba.

Gadziriro Yenharo

Ronga kurukurirano yekirasi panhau inomutsa nharo, asi raira vadzidzi kugadzirira nharo dzavo vachishandisa manyuko enhau bedzi kubva kurutivi rumwe rwezvamatongerwe enyika. Pashure pekurukurirano, kurukura kuti manyuko akaganhurirwa akatapura sei rudzi nokuzara kwezvibvumikiso zvavo. Students dzinozvionera amene kuti kunzwika kwenzwi kunodzivisa sei kunzwisisa [ uye chikonzero nei kuratidzirwa kumirangariro yakasiana - siana kuchikosha nokuda kwokufunga kwakakomba.

Kurinda

Kushambadza kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kwose kuri kuviri kunobva munhimbe uye mumapoka okunze, manyuko makuru orusaruro nokuchinja. Vadzidzi vanoita kuti vaongorore kushambadzira nokuda kwokururama kwechokwadi, kukwezva kwemirangariro, uye zvisakarurama zvine mufungo. unyanzvi hwokushambadzira hunobetsera vadzidzi kuona kupfurikidza namashoko anoparadzirwa [[[FLT: 1]] muzvose zviri zviviri zvamatongerwe enyika uye kutengeserana.

Mazano Okumwe Kudzidza

Maturusi akawanda nenongedzero zvinogona kutsigira dzidzo inopfuurira mukurava nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau uye kunzvera kworusaruro.

Mabhuku

Mabhuku anoverengeka anogovera zivo yakavakirwa pamusoro petsika dzebudisi, tsvedzero, uye kufunga kwokutsoropodza. "The Promont of Journalism" rakanyorwa naBill Kovach naTom Rosenstiel anotsanangura zvinofanira kuitwa munhau nokuda kwavagari vemo uye kuti idzii idzo vatori venhau vanofanira kutsigira. "The Media Elite" rakanyorwa naS. Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, naLichter S. Lichter vanonzvera zvimiro zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvavatori venhau. "Tshendeka Me, Im Lim Light" kupfurikidza naRyan Holiter kuzivisa kuti kushandisa zvinobudisa nhau kunoshanda sei muzera remichina. [FLT:] magwaro aya anopa zvose zviri zviviri zvigaro zvenhau zvinoshanda uye nhau dzinoshanda nokuda kwokunzwisisa tsvo.

Mawebsite

Zvikuva zvakawanda zvepaIndaneti zvinoongorora nokuyera shambidziko yezvinobudisa nhau. Media Bias/Fact check inopa miraudzo ine udzame yezviuru zvenhau dzakavakirwa parusaruro rwezvamatongerwe enyika uye kururama kwechokwadi. Zvikamu zvose zvinopa nhau dzinobva kuruboshwe, pakati, uye mativi akarurama, zvichiita kuti fungidziro ioneke kupfurikidza nokuenzanisa kwakananga. News Literable Project inogovera zviteshi zvekirasi nefambiro mberi yeunyanzvi nokuda kwavadzidzisi. bookmarkss arcom's arders arcom as as at atment project.

Kosi

Munhamba dzedzidzo dzapakombiyuta dzinopa zvikoro zvikurukuru panzvimbo yokunyora nokufunga kwakakomba. Kora ine "Media Literation" inofukidza kuyera manyuko amashoko. EdX inopa "Kunzwisisa Mashoko: News Literations Lessolution for Digital Citigitical" yeUniversity of Hong Kong. News Scheckology Project inogovera zvidzidzo zvokubetsera vadzidzi. [[FLT:]] Kosi dzinotenderwa dzinogona kugovera zvikamu zvakadzanwa zvose zviri zviviri vadzidzi nezvirongwa zvekirasi.

Maturusi Okuongorora

Zvokwadi inonzvera inogovera uchokwadi hwenguva chaiyoiyo hwezvinotaurwa nezvinobudisa nhau. MaSnope ave achibvisa ngano dzeguta nenhema chifo cha 1990. Poritifact mwero wokururama kwemashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika anoshandisa Zvokwadi-O-Meter.Check.org inonzvera ururami hwechokwadi hwezvinotaurwa navatambi vakuru vezvamatongerwe enyika. vadzidzi kuti vatsvake aya maturusi vasati vagoverana kutaura kupi nokupi nokupi kunonyumwira pazvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga .

Kuvaka Tsika Yokubatanidzwa Kwokutsoropodza

Kunzwisisa rusaruro hachisi chidzidzo chenguva imwe asi muitiro unopfuurira. Nharidzano haisati iri kuva inotsoropodza pamusoro pezvinobudisa nhau zvose, asi kukudziridza tsika yokuvimbisana kwokufunga. Apo vadzidzi vanodzidza kubvunza kuti ndiani akaita shoko, nei vakariita, uye kuti vakariumba sei, vanova vatori rutivi vanoshingaira muzvinhu zvipenyu panzvimbo pezvisaririra zvemashoko. Vadzidzi vanoita basa rinokosha mukuenzanisira ichi chimiro chakakomba uye mhoteredzo dzekirasi umo manyuko ebvunzo anokurudzirwa. Zvikoro izvo zvinobatanidza kurava nokunyora mashoko mumativi ose edzidzo zvinogadzirira vadzidzi kutarisana nenyika umo mashoko akawanda uye chivimbo chakaoma.

mhedziso

Munhambo yemashoko akawanda, mano okunzvera zvikuru kufukidzwa kwerusaruro nderimwe rounyanzvi hunokosha zvikurusa hunogona kutangwa nomudzidzi. Nokunzwisisa zvimiro zverusaruro zvinokura, kuziva chikonzero nei zvichiitika, kushandisa unyanzvi hwokunzvera kwakarongwa, uye kupinda mumabasa anoshanda, vadzidzi vanogona kufamba munzvimbo dzinobudisa mashoko nechivimbo nenzwisiso. Zviwanikwa zvinowanika nokuda kwefundo huru, uye betsero dzekudzidza nokunyora nokunyora mashoko dzinotambanukira kure kure nekirasi. Chiwiso chenyanzvi dzinotsoropodza ndicho chavanhu vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kupedza zvinetso, bhiri ramadhisikirwo yedevhiyo yedemocratic . Rwendo rwokuenda kudzidzo yezvenga kumusoro wezvidzidzo zvinovamba nomubvunzo mumwe: Ndiani wandinoudza izvi, uye nei ndichifanira kuzvivimba?