Mari dzinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinotevera dzinongova shopu dzakareruka chete uye zvinhu zvemitsetse, zvirongwa zvemari zvinosarudza kuti upenyu hunenge hwakamira sei munzanga. Chitima chese, kirasi yechikoro, paki yevose, uye basa rengozi zvinotsamira pazvisarudzo zvinoitwa panguva yokuronga mari. Asi kuvagari vakawanda, mari dzemo dzinoramba dziri dhaundi. Kunzwisisa kuti mari iyi yagadzirwa sei. Kubatsira kwadzinoita mari yacho kunobva pai, uye kuti inopedzwa sei nokuda kwevadzidzisi kudzidzisa kuvimbisana kwehurumende, vadzidzi kudzidza mashandire ehurumende, uye kuvagari vemo vose vanoda inzwi mumashandisirwe emari madhorabhuro. Iyi inotungamirira kunyora mari yemari yomubhadharo, kuongorora kutapura kuidziko chaiyo, uye nzira dzinoshandiswa kuti dzidzidziswe kuti dziitewo nhengo dzenzanga kuti dziitewo.

Kushandiswa Kwebhajeti Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende yomunzvimbomo iri yose (ingava guta, nyika, kana kuti ruwa rwechikoro) inoshanda mugadziriro yemari inowanzova inodzokororwa gore rimwe. Mari inodzorwa igwaro repamutemo rinobvumira kushandisa mari uye kuisa kariro dzemari. Kunzwisisa zvinhu zvayo zvikuru kunobetsera vagari vemo kuona kuti zvinhu zvinokosha zvinoshandurwa sei kuva madhora.

Manyuko Emari

Hurumende dzemo dzinounganidza mari nokusanganisa mitero, mitero, kutamisira zvinhu muhurumende, uye dzimwe nguva kukwereta.

  • [ Mitero inowirirana[: inotsigirwa panzvimbo nenzvimbo yakavakirwa paukoshi hwemari hunorangarirwa. Iyoyi kazhinji kazhinji ndiwo manyuko makurusa okupinzwa kwemari nokuda kwezvikoro namabasa makuru ehurumende.
  • Mitero[: yakaunganidzwa pakutenga kwezvitoro. Mwero inosiana neguta neruwa, uye mari inowanzoiswa nokuda kwegadziriro kana kuti chengeteko yavose.
  • Mari kana kuti kubhadhara mitero yepepa : Dzimwe nharaunda dzinoisa mutero wakareruka pamubhadharo unowanwa muhurumende yadzo, kuwedzera imwe mari.
  • [ Mibhadharo yavashandi [: Mitemo nokuda kwemvumo, zvinoiswa mumitengo, mapurogiramu evaraidzo, uye mamwe mabasa anobatanidza mari yakananga nokushandiswa.
  • State neromubatanidzwa mari: Kutamisirwa kwakarongwa kunotsigira mapurogiramu akananga akadai sechokufambisa, pokugara, kana kuti dzidzo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuronga nezvisungo[[FLT: 1]: Nokuda kwezvirongwa zvikuru zvikuru zvakadai sokuvaka chikoro chitsva kana kuti kugadzira bhiriji, hurumende dzinobudisa zvisungo zvinobhadharwa kwamakore akawanda kupfurikidza nehova dzemitero dzakatsaurirwa.

Manyuko emari inopinzwa ane ganhuriro dzayo amene dzezvamatongerwe enyika nedzemari. Mitero yenzvimbo, somuenzaniso, yakatsiga asi inogona kuva isingafarirwi navaridzi vemisha. Mitero yemari inova inodzokororwa zvikuru uye inogona kuva inodzokororwa, inosvika mhuri dzinowana mari dzakaderera zvikuru. Nhare dzebhajeti dzakasanovhengana kuderedza ngozi uye kuva nechokwadi chokupiwa kwebasa kwenguva dzose.

Zviratidzo Zvokupedza

Kurutivi rwendyiko, bhajeti dzomunzvimbomo dzinokamurwa kuva ndyiko dzokushanda (mabasa ezuva nezuva) nendyiko dzamari huru (zvinhu zvirefu zvenhambo). Marudzi ezvinoitika anobatanidza:

  • Comment : Chinhu chimwe chikurusa mubhajeti dzomunzvimbomo dzakawanda, miripo, zvinhu zvokurairidza, zvivako zvokutarisira, uye mabasa okutsigira.
  • Kukotsekana kwePublic: Mapurisa, madhipatimendi okudzima moto, mabasa ekurumidziro, uye kugadzirira ngwavaira.
  • Tsamba[[FLT: 1]: Migwagwa, mabhiriji, mvura netsvina, kufamba, chiedza chomugwagwa, uye nzira dzomumugwagwa.
  • Mapark nevaraidzo: kugadziridza papaki, nzvimbo dzenzanga, nzvimbo dzemitambo, nzira, uye zvirongwa zvetsika.
  • [[FT:0] Murimo namabasa avanhu: kiriniki dzoutano hwavanhu, mabasa outano hwendangariro, tsigiro yavakuru nemhuri dzinowanwa dzakaderera.
  • Hurumende yeGeneral: utarisiri, mahofisi akasarudzwa avakuru vakuru, mabasa apamutemo, mari, uye pfuma yavanhu.

Somuenzaniso, nzvimbo itsva yenzanga inogona kuoneka pasi pemapaki nevaraidzo asi inoshandawo senzvimbo yokuvhota uye nzvimbo yokugara yekurumidziro.

Kurongwa Kwebhajeti

Kuronga mari yemo yokushandisa kunotevera karenda inofanoziviswa.

  1. [ Kupa mutengo: Madhipatimendi ehurumende anopa zvikumbiro zvawo zvemari zvakavakirwa pagadziriro dzemitengo uye mari inokarirwa. Bazi remari rinounganidza izvozvi mubhajeti yegadziriro.
  2. [ kunzwa kwePublic: vagari vanokokwa kuhwirudzura kunyorwa kwechibvumirano, kubvunza mibvunzo, uye kugovera mhinduro. Iyi misangano inowanzoitwa madekwana kuti igadzire mhuri dzinoshanda.
  3. [ Kudzorwa netendero: dare rakasarudzwa kana kuti kurukurirano dzedare dzinogadziriswa uye mavhoti pabhajeti yokupedzisira. Nyika zhinji dzinoda bhajeti yakadzikama yakaenzana.
  4. [[[FT:0] Kuenzanisira[[FLT: 1]: Mugore rose rechitsama, madhipatimendi anoita bhajeti seyakatenderwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu asingakarirwi angavamba gadziridzo pakati pegore.
  5. [[FOL:0] nokushuma: Pashure pegore rapagore rapamusoro, kunzvera kwazvimirira kunosimbisa kuti mari yakashandiswa nenzira yapamutemo uye yakarurama. Iyi mishumo magwaro avose.

Kunzwisisa izvi kunoita kuti vagari vemo vakwanise kuitawo chimwe chinhu panguva yakakodzera, kwete kana vatozoshandisa mari yavo.

Kubatsira Kunoita Mari Inoshandiswa Munzvimbo Yacho Dzidzo

Dzidzo ndiyo nzvimbo inooneka uye ine simba zvikuru yokushandisa mari yomunzvimbomo.MuUnited States, inenge hafu yendyiko dzose dzehurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoenda kuzvikoro zveK -12, zvinotsigirwa zvikurukuru nemitero yezvinhu. Runako rwedzidzo yemwana rwakabatana zvikuru nezvisarudzo zvemari zvinoitwa nedare rechikoro chavo nehurumende yomunzvimbomo.

Kushandisa Mari Yezvikoro: Kuderedza Nhamba

Ndyiko dzemari dzinosiyana zvikuru paruwa noruwa, kazhinji kazhinji dzinoratidzira pfuma. Nharaunda dzakapfuma dzinogona kusimudzira mari yakawanda kupfurikidza nemitero yakaderera nemhaka yokuti mipimo yezvinhu zvavo yakakwirira. Maruwa avarombo anofanira kubhadhara mitero pamwero wakakwirira kana kuti zvimwe kutsamira payamuro yehurumende kuvhara mukaha. Iyi mari inopa mari mari muuyo wedzidzo usingaenzaniswi.

Nharaunda huru dzinokanganiswa nemari yechikoro dzinosanganisira:

  • [ Mubhadharo woMudzidzisi nebetsero[[FLT: 1]: Bere retsiro inokwezva uye inochengeta vadzidzisi vane unyanzvi. Maruwa ane mari yakaganhurirwa angarasikirwa navadzidzisi kumaruwa akapoteredza kana kuti kumamwe mabasa.
  • Tsigiro dzepaburiro: Mabhuku, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, michina yerabhoritari, uye mifananidzo zvose zvinotsamira pakushandisa mari. Makirasi akashongedzwa angashaiwa zvinhu zvinosvika panguva ino.
  • Kushanda nokunatsiridzwa[[FLT: 1]: Zvivako zvezvikoro zvakwegura zvinoda kuiswa mari nguva dzose. Kugadziridzwa kwaparadza kunotungamirira kuzvinetso zvakadai sematenga anodonha, kushaikwa kweHVAC, uye chengeteko isina kukwana.
  • [[FT:0] Vadzidzi vanotsigira mabasa[[FLT: 1]: Vapi zano, vakoti, nyanzvi dzendangariro, uye gadziriro dzedzidzo chaiyo kazhinji kazhinji ndivo vokutanga kutarisana nekuvadziko apo bhajeti inobatikana.
  • Mibato yepashure pechikoro [[FLT: 1]: Mitambo, bhendi, horo yemitambo, uye makirabhu zvinopfumisa upenyu hwavadzidzi asi kazhinji kazhinji zvinotsigirwa nemibhadharo kana kuti kubhadharwa mari nomubereki mumaruwa akapinzwa mari.

Nokuda kwokunzvera kwakadzama pamusoro penzira dzokushandisa nayo mari, Conferenceal of State Legislatures inogovera kuputsika kwehurumende nehurumende. Mukuwedzera, yeVhiki yenzvero yePurces inopa mepu dzinokurukura mepu dzinoenzanisa padzinenge dzichishandiswa mumaruwa ose.

Mabhajeti Echikoro Nezvinhu Zvinotanga Munzanga

Sarudzo dzechikoro uye mabhajeti zvinodzorwa zvakananga nedzidzo. Vagari vanopinda misangano yedare vanogona kutsigira mapurogiramu akananga() anoreva kuwedzera mari yokushandisa nokuda kweSTEM arabs, kuchengetedza dzidzo younyanzvi, kana kuti kuwedzera dzidzo youhwana. Dora rimwe nerimwe rinogoverwa kunzvimbo imwe harina kupedzwa kune imwe nzvimbo, zvinoita kuti mubatanidzwa wenzanga uve unokosha.

Kubatsira Kunoita Vanhu Mumashandiro Ebhangi

Zvirongwa zvemari zvomunharaunda hazvisi zvisarudzo zvematongerwo enyika chete; zvisarudzo zvematongerwe enyika zvinoratidza mipimo inokwikwidza.Kubatanidzwa kwemagariro kunoratidza kuti kushandisa mari kunowirirana nezvinodiwa nevagari vemo chaizvoizvo.

Nzira Dzokubatanidzwa Nadzo

Sezvineiwo, kune nzira dzakawanda dzokushandisa inzwi rako:

  • Njere dzemari dzinodzorwa nokunzwa nemisangano yavose: dare reguta nemisangano yedare rechikoro zvinobatanidza nhambo yetsinhiro yavose. Nzvera karenda yehurumende yomunzvimbomo uye kusvika wakagadzirira kutaura kana kuti kupa chipupuriro chakanyorwa.
  • mugari wemo anopinda mudare rokuronga : Masangano mazhinji anogadza nzvimbo dzavazvipiri kuti vahwirudzure mabhajeti akakarakadzwa ndokuita rumbidzo. aya matare anopa nzira yakarongeka yokuchera nayo udzame.
  • Paricipate mukuronga mari yokuisa parutivi: Mamwe maguta akagamuchira bhajeti yokushandisa, umo vagari vanosarudza zvakananga nzira yokugovera nayo chikamu chemari yavose. Uyu muenzaniso wakashandiswa nenzira inobudirira munzvimbo dzakadai seChicago, New York, uye Vallejo, California.
  • Kuwana zvinobudisa mashoko zvomunzvimbomo nezvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga: Tevera zviziviso zvemabhajeti zvenhau dzomunzvimbomo uye manyuko esangano rehurumende nokuda kwezviziviso zvemari. Maguta akawanda zvino anogara mumitemo yemisangano uye mapepa anotumira paIndaneti.
  • [[FLT: 0] Taura navakuru vakuru vako vakasarudzwa[[FLT: 1]: Email pfupi kana kuti runhare kumutezo wedare kana kuti dare rechikoro rinovimba rinogona kupesvedzera chimiro chavo pazvinhu zvakati.

Nokuda kwenhungamiro ine udzame pamusoro pokuva anobudirira, International City/Community Management Association (ICMA) inopa gadziriro gumi dzinoshanda nokuda kwokuvimbisana kwavagari.

Kunzwisisa Mutero: Kwamunoenda Mari Yenyu

Mitero ndiyo inokosha zvikuru mumari dzinoshandiswa munzvimbo.Kunzwisisa mashandiro adzo kunobetsera vagari vemo kuyera mabasa uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire. Matatu makuru emitero yomunzvimbomo anobhadhara mizhinjisa yemibato:

Mitero Yezvinhu

Mitero yenhumbi inotengwa zvichitsamira paukoshi hwenzvimbo. Mwero wemitero (wakawanda unotaurwa semwero wekugaya zvinhu(wn) mutengo we $6 000 pamutengo wemari inoongororwa) unoiswa nehurumende yomunzvimbomo. Varidzi vedzimba, varidzi vedzimba, uye mabhizimisi ose anobhadharwa. Nemhaka yokuti mipimo yezvinhu inowanzokwira munguva, iyi mutero inokura nenzira yakatarwa, asi inogonawo kuparira mitoro nokuda kwavagari vemo pamari inotarwa. Maganhu mazhinji anopa kusigira vakura, vawadhi vemori, uye vasarira mari inogamuchirwa navose.

Mitero Inotengeswa

Mitero inounganidzwa padanho rokutengeswa kwezvinhu namamwe mabasa. Mwero inosiana zvikuru; mamwe maguta anowedzera mutero wavo vamene wokutengesa pamusoro pemwero wehurumende. Mitero inotengeswa inodzorwa(5) mhuri dzinowana mari shoma dzinopedzera mugove mukuru wemari yadzo pazvinhu zvinobhadharwa. Zvisinei, yakakurumbira nemhaka yokuti dzinobhadharwa mumitero miduku uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzakarongedzerwa nokuda kwamadonzo akati akadai sechokufambisa kana kuti chengeteko yavose.

Mari Yaibhadharwa uye Kubhadhara Mitero

Kusiyana nemitero yezvitoro, mari iyi inogona kutora mipiro kubva kuvanhu vanoshanda muguta vachishandisa mabasa eguta asi vachigara kune imwe nzvimbo.

Nokuda kwokupeta kuzara kwezvivako zvemitero zvomunzvimbomo, Tax Foundation inobudisa mishumo yegore negore pamitoro yemitero yomunzvimbomo mumaguta ose eU.S.

Kushandisa Mari Kunoita Zvirongwa Neguta Guru: Kuvaka Nokuda Kwemangwana

Mari inoshandiswa inovaka nokuchengetedza bhajeti yenzanga. Iyi mipiro yokuisa mari yenhambo nenhambo inogona kutora makumi amakore. Kana mabhajeti omunzvimbomo akamanikidzirwa, zvirongwa zvedzimbahwe zvinowanzodzorwa (a) chisarudzo chinoderedza ndyiko dzenguva pfupi asi chinotungamirira kukuwedzera kwezvikwereti zvokugadzira gare gare.

Nzvimbo Dzinokosha Dzokudzidzisa

  • : Mugwagwa unobudisa, kugadzira mabhiriji, zviratidzo zvemotokari, michina yokufambisa yavose, migwagwa yebhasikoro, uye nzira dzomumugwagwa. Marongedzero ezvifambiso anosanotsigirwa basa remari uye anoderedza nguva dzepasi.
  • Water netsvina mvura: nzvimbo dzokurapa, matsime, pombi, uye kutarisirwa kwemvura yedutu. Nhepfenyuro dzemvura dzinokura munyika yose, nepombi dzomutobvu uye tsvina inoparirwa nemhepo inoparira ngozi dzoutano.
  • [ Mitambo nenhandaro: Nharaunda, minda yemitambo, mapindu enzanga, makwara, uye nzvimbo yakazaruka. Izvi zvinhu zvinovandudza utano hwendangariro nomuviri uye zvinokwezva mhuri namabhizimisi.
  • zvivako zvinowanika[: horo dzeguta, maraibhurari, zviteshi zvomwoto, nzvimbo dzamapurisa, uye nzvimbo dzenzanga. Zvivako izvi zvinofanira kuva zvinosvikika, zvinoshanda zvakanaka, uye zvakakotsekana.
  • Nhevedzo yemasangano ezvesayenzi: Mibatanidzwa yemabhande, nzvimbo dzemikoto, uye Wi-Fi zvinorangarirwa nenzira inowedzera sezvinhu zvinokosha. Mamwe maguta ari kuisa mari mumibatanidzwa yezvikepe kuti avhare kuganhurana kwemitengo.

Mushumo unobva ku American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) mamakisi esangano renyika uye unosimbisa chiverengero chikuru chezvirongwa zvemari inodikanwa. Mabhajeti omunzvimbomo anofanira kuisa nhevedzano yakakwirira zvikuru inogovera kudzokera kwakakwirira pamusoro pekotsekano, kukura kwemari, uye kunaka kwoupenyu.

Migumisiro Yagara Nguva Refu Yezvisarudzo Zvemari Zvinoitwa Munzvimbo Yacho

Kushandisa mari yakarongwa kunogona kuita kuti nzanga ibudirire, nepo kuderedza kungwarira kuchiita kuti ipedzisire yaderera.

Kubudirira Kwezvemari uye Kusikwa Kwebasa

Kugadzirwa kwemari mudzidzo, marongedzero, uye chengeteko yavose kunoparira mhoteredzo inokwezva mabhizimisi navashandi vane unyanzvi. Makambani anotsvaka nzanga nezvikoro zvakanaka, zvokufambisa zvakavimbika, uye rudzi rwoupenyu hwakanaka. Hurumende yomunzvimbomo yakasanosanopfuudzwa inogona kupa sundo sebhadharo remitero kana kuti kunatsiridza mutoo wokubvumira kukurumidzisa.

Kurembera Kwechisungo Nendyiko Dzokukwereta

Kuyera kwechisungo chaMabhazi nes &P(ref) kwakarongwa namasangano akadai seMoody’s and S&P(refrects ugwinyi hwemari hwehurumende yomunzvimbomo. Kukudzwa kukuru kunobvumira nzanga kukwereta pamibereko yakaderera, kuchengetedza mamirioni amadhora pamabasa makuru. Kutarisirwa kwemari yemari, chikwereti chinokwira, kana kuti penjeni isina kutsarukana kunogona kutungamirira kukuderera, kukwira kwendyiko nokuda kwavabhadhari.

Kubatana Kwevanhu

Zvisarudzo zvebhajeti zvinomutsawo mibvunzo yetsika pamusoro peruramisiro muzvizvarwa zvose. Kushandisa mari yazvino kupfurikidza nokukwereta kunochinja ndyiko kuvagari vemo vomunguva yemberi. Ukuwo, kukundikana kuisa mari yenhambo refu sezvikoro negadziriro dzemari dzinopfupikisa chizvarwa chinotevera. Ndyiko yemari inoganhurirwa zvinodikanwa zvanhasi nemisengwa yamangwana.

Mugumisiro: Basa Rako Mukushandisa Mari Zvakanaka Munzvimbo Yacho

Mari yemongi haisati iri magwaro ounyanzvi omunzvimbomo anoratidzira mipimo yenzanga nezvinoiswa pakutanga. Mugari ari wose ane danda pamusoro penzira inosimudzirwa nayo mari uye inopedzerwa. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza zvinokosha zvemari, ndyiko, uye nhevedzano yemari, unogona kupinda zvinobudirira zvikuru navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa uye kutsigira mabasa anodiwa nenzanga yako. Kana uri mudzidzisi anoshandisa chidzidzo ichi mukirasi, mudzidzi ari kunyora pepa rokunzvera, kana kuti mubereki ane chokuita nemari yechikoro, zvishandiso zvokuita musiano. Pinda musangano, verenga kupfupikisa bhajeti, bvunza, uye vhoti muvhoti. Kutora rutivi ndirwo hwaro hwezvidzidzo chehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeko yehurumende yemunharaunda yenzanga inobudirira.