Sumo: Basa reRaje Sabha muKuzvidavirira kweParamende

. . . . . nepo Lok Sabha akasarudzwa zvakananga uye anoshandisa simba rokuunza hurumende, Rajiya Sabhaha inoita basa rinokosha mukunzvera nokurangarira. Rimwe rezvishandiso zvinowanika kumitezo yeRapya Sabhaha kuti ichengete mutoro mukuru ndiro [[FLT: 0]] nhingi yebasa rokuderedza hurumende. Zvisinei, muitiro, ukuru, ukuru, uye migumisiro yemibato yakadaro muNhau yeImba yapamberi inosi inosiana neyapachisabha. Kunzwisisa uku kunokosha nokuda kwavadzidzisipi navapi navapi, uye vadzidzi vanofarira, sezvaizivisa mutevedzero yehurumende.

Raje Sabra, neratidziro yayo isina kunanga yehurumende nenharaunda dzemibatanidzwa, inowanzova nomurangariro wenguva refu wemiitiro. Mitezo yayo inobatanidza nyanzvi dzakatanhamara, vaichimbova vabatiri vehurumende, uye vamiriri vedzimba dzehurumende. Kusafamba kwepamutemo muRaje Sabha iratidziro yapamutemo yokusagutsikana neDare reVafundisi kana kuti mushumiri mumwe nomumwe. Kunyange zvazvo isingamanikidzi hurumende kurega, ine uremu hukuru hwezvamatongerwe enyika netsika, ingagona kumanikidza hurumende kudzivirira chinyorwa chayo uye kutarisana nenhau yavose. Nyaya inopa nhungamiro inotenderwa, nenhungamiro inodzorwa kupfurikidza nemitemo, pamutemo, mamiriro enhau, uye .

Kutevedzerwa kweBumbiro Romutemo Nemitemo

Chikamu 75(3): Mutoro Wokuunganidza kuLok Sabhaha

Nheyo yenheyo yehurumende yeparamende muIndia inonyorwa mu Article 75(3) yeBumbiro reMitemo: “Dare raVafundisi richabatanidzwa pamwe chete kuImba yaVanhu.” Ikoku kunoreva kuti kupukunyuka kwehurumende kunotsamira pakuchengeta chivimbo cheLok Sabba. Raja Sabhaha haisati ichidudzwa muchikamu ichi. Somuuyo, kufamba kwoufundisi kunopfuudzwa neRajasya Sabba, pachako, pachakuvamba, kuvamba kubuda kwehurumende. Zvisinei, ikoku hakusati kuchipfuudza kumhanya - mei. Rajanha anogona kupfuudza kushaiwa chivimbo, icho chinogona kuita kuti dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika iveidzoi zvikurukuru kana kuti kundika.

Mitemo Yebasa uye Mufambiro Webhizimisi muRaje Sabra

Muitiro une udzame wokusafamba kusina kuvimbika muRajiya Sabha wakanyorwa pasi pa RURES 187 kusvikira ku 199 [ ye [[FLT:]] Miganhu yeProcedure neBhizimisi muDare reUnited States (Raja Sabhaha). Iyi mitemo yakaiswa pasi pezvinodikanwa zveziviso, nhamba duku yavatsigiri, ganhuriro dzekufambisa, nguva yokuvhotera. Zvakagadzirirwa kudzivisa mafambiro oupenzi apo kusava nechivimbo kunogoverwa. Mitemo inodzo inodzokororwa nguva nenguva.

Kupinza Nhanho Isina Chivimbo: Nhano Nenzira

Ndiani Angafambisa Kufamba Kwacho?

Mutezo upi noupi weRaje Sabhaha unogona kupa ziviso yokufamba kunoratidzira kuda chivimbo muDare raVafundisi kana kuti mumushumiri akati.

Chinodikanwa Chokutsigirwa

Chinodikanwa chokutanga chakakomba zvikurusa ndechokuti kufamba kunofanira kutsigirwa nemitezo inenge 50 bedzi mu55 , asi mwero wakaderera. Chinangwa ndechokuvimbisa kuti kufambisa bedzi netsigiro inokosha kunofarirwa, kudzivirira kudzongonyedzwa kwegadziriro dzedzimba.

Ziva uye Magadzirirwo Aro

Kufamba kunofanira kuva kwokunyora, kusinwa nemitezo inopa ziviso, uye kuchiperekedzwa namasaini avatsigiri vanenge 50. Kwakataurwa kuMunyori Mukuru weRaje Sabha. Kufamba kunofanira kuva kwakananga ndokutanga zvikonzero zvokushaikwa kwechivimbo. Hurukuro inoti: “Iyi Imba inoratidzira kushaikwa kwayo kwechivimbo muDare raVafundisi [kana kuti zita remushumiri] nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera...” Chiziviso chinofanira kupiwa rinenge zuva rimwe kufamba kusati kwarangarirwa, kunyange zvazvo muzvinoitika chigaro chingabvumira chiziviso chipfupiso chekukurumidza nebvumirano cheHoro.

Kunzvera Nokusagona Kuonwa

Parista, Munyori anogara achingotaura chiziviso kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti anowirirana nemitemo. Chisai (Mugavhuna kana kuti Sezari Chaipeya) chine chiremera chokusarudza kusagona kufambisa. Kufamba kungasadzorwa pasina kurongeka kana kune mutauro usina kuremekedza, kana kuti kunowirirana nekokorodzano dzeparamende. Kana kusinganzwisisiki, chiito chacho chingarongwa kuti chive chisina kurongeka nokuda kwekurukurirano.

Nguva Yokukurukurirana

Mukuwirirana noMutemo 195, kufamba, kana kubvumwa, kunofanira kufungwa nokuda kwekurukurirano mukati mamazuva 10 erisiti rayo. Musi nenguva zvinogadzwa naSachigaro mukubvunza vatungamiriri veuriri hwehurumende. Kurukurirano yacho inowanzoitika pazuva rakagoverwa neBhizinesi Advisory Committee. House ingasarudzawo kutanga kufamba nokukurumidza kana paine bvumirano. Kana musi wacho wangogadziriswa, kufamba kunoziviswa kumitezo yose.

Nharo Nokutaura

Mavambo Enharo Yacho

Gakava pamusoro pekusavimbana rinowanzova rakakura. Mutezo wakafambisa kufamba unotaura kutanga, achitsanangura huwa hwenzvimbo. Pashure pacho, uriri hunozarurirwa mimwe mitezo kutaura nenzira inoda kana kuti kupesana. Mutungamiriri wePrime kana kuti mushumiri anoitira hanya (kana kuti kufamba kunorwisana nomunhu) angapindura pamugumo. Nguva yose yekurukurirano inogarorongwa neImba – kazhinji kazhinji 4 kusvikira kumaawa matanhatu, asi inogona kuwedzerwa. Speaker (kana kuti Hangetaimani) anovimbisa kuti mirangariro yose inzwiwe uye kuti kurukurirano inoramba yakarongwa.

Kugadziridzwa Kwezviito

Mitezo ingachinja mufambiro, zvakadai sokutsiva nhevedzano yakasiana yezvikonzero kana kuti kubvisa mativi. Zvisinei, donzo guru rokufamba - ratidza kushaikwa kwechivimbo – harigoni kuchinjwa. Chigadziro chinosarudza kugadziriswa kwekugadziriswa. Kana kugadziriswa kukaitwa, kufamba sekugadziridzwa kunova chikarakadzo chesumo chapadukusa chinoiswa kuvhota.

Nzira Yokufambisa Nayo

Kuvhota kunogona kuitwa nenzwi kupfurikidza nokubvunza ‘ Ae’ uye ‘ Noes’ ’ kana kuti neboka (nhamba yemagetsi kana kuti yokunyama). Kana boka rikadikanwa nemitezo inenge 25, vhoti inoziviswa. Muuyo wacho unoziviswa naChaisheya.

Kukura Kunodiwa

Kuti kusafamba kwokuvimba kupfuure muRaje Sabha, kunofanira kutsigirwa ne yakawanda yemitezo iripo novhota. Ikoku kunoreva inopfuura hafu yaavo vakavhota chaizvoizvo (kuisa ndangariro). Hakufaniri kudikanwa nevoruzhinji vemitezo yose yeImba. Zvisinei, Imba inofanira kuva necostarum (chinenge chikamu chimwe chemitezo yose, iko, mitezo 25) nokuda kwevhoti kuti ive inoshanda. Kana kufamba kwacho kukundikana, hakugoni kudzokororwa murusando rumwe cheterwo.

Kunetsa Nemigumisiro

Zvematongerwe Enyika uye Kurema Kwokufananidzira

Nemhaka yokuti Raje Sabba haagoni kumanikidza hurumende kurega pasi peChikamu 75(3), chiito chisati chapfupirwa hachisi tsiuro yokufananidzira nezvamatongerwe enyika. Kumirira kuvhotera kwapamutemo kwokusatenderwa kunoitwa neImba yapamusoro nenzira isina kunanga. Kuchinja kwakadaro kunogona kukuvadza mukurumbira wehurumende, kusabvumirana kwomukati, uye kushinga chishoro. Muzvimwe zviitiko, kwakatungamirira kukurega kwomufundisi anotarisana nepomero dzomunhu oga, kunyange zvazvo kurega kwakadaro kuri kwokuzvidira.

Zvinoitika Kuhurumende

Kana chiito chiri mukurwisana neDare rose raVamiririri, hurumende ingasarudza kurirangarira senhau yehana uye kutarisana naro. Kazhinji kazhinji, hurumende inoshandisa gakava racho kuratidzira zviitwa zvaro ndokupesana nepomero dzechishoro. Kunyange kana chiito chacho chikapfuvura, hurumende haisati ichidikanirwa nenzira yapamutemo kurega, nemhaka yokuti mutoro wayo wose une chokuita neLokwa Sabhaha. Zvisinei, Rajiya Sabbaha kwete anoisa chiziviso uye anogona kupesvedzera murangariro wavose, zvikurukuru kana ichisimbisa kundikano yetsika yakakomba kana kuti ushati.

Tapuro Pavashumiri Mumwe Nomumwe

Mushumiri anogona kuramba ari muhofisi kutoti Mutungamiriri weHurumende achisarudza kumusiya.

Kuparadza Imba Here?

Kusiyana neLok Sabha, Rajiya Sabha iImba yechigarire uye haiparadzwi. Kufamba kusina kuvimbika muRaje Sabhaha hakuna simba pakuvadziko yeImba kana kuti mitezo yayo. Ikoku kunosimbisa pfungwa yokuti kufamba ichenjedzo pamukuru panzvimbo pomutoo wokuchinja kuumbwa kwechirongwa chemitemo.

Misiyano Pakati paRaje Sabha naLok Sabha No Rwendo Rwokutenda

Kunzwisisa miitiro nemiuyo zvakasiyana mudzimba mbiri kunokosha nokuda kwokunzwisisa masimba makuru eparamende yeIndia.

Aspect Lok Sabha Rajya Sabha
Constitutional effect If passed, government must resign (Article 75(3)). No constitutional compulsion to resign; political and symbolic.
Minimum support 50 members. 50 members.
Time limit for discussion Usually taken up within 10 days. Within 10 days (Rule 195).
Majority required Simple majority of members present and voting. Same.
Frequency Relatively common; dozens have been moved. Very rare; only a handful have been attempted.
Impact on House Can lead to dissolution and fresh elections. No impact; Rajya Sabha is permanent.

Kushata kwezviito zvokusavimba muRaje Sabra kunosimbisa kushandisa kwavo kwakaganhurirwa kunoshanda. Zvisinei, ivo vanoramba vari chishandiso chinokosha cheparamende chokusimbisa nhau idzo hurumende ingafuratira.

Mienzaniso Yezvakaitika Kare uye Mienzaniso Inoshamisa

Kurwisa Hurumende yeMorarji Desai kwa1979

Imwe yemiitiro yapakuvamba zvikurusa yakanyorwa isina kuzvivimba muRaje Sabhaha yakanga ichirwisana nehurumende yeJanata Party yaitungamirirwa naMorarji Desai muna 1978. Kufamba kwakasundwa nebato reCongress asi kwakakundikana kuwana tsigiro inodikanwa. Zvisinei, kwakaparira gakava pamiitiro yezvemari.

Kurwisana neHurumende yaRajiv Gandhi ya1989

Muna 1989, chishoro chakasunda kusafamba kwokuvimba muRajiya Sabhaha mukurwisana neHurumende yePurezidheni Rajiv Gandhi, kuchidudza kunyadzisa kweBofos nedzimwe nhau. Kufamba kwakakurirwa, asi kwakaparira kusagutsikana kwavanhu kuri kukura uko kwakatungamirira pakupedzisira kukurasikirwa neSarudzo yeLok Sabhaha gare gare gore iroro. Ikoku kunoratidzira kuti rajiya Sabbaha inogona sei kuva chiratidzo chechinjo yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kuedza Kwenguva pfupi Yapfuura

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, kufamba muRaje Sabha kwave kusingawanzoitiki. Muna 2018, chishoro chakaedza kusunda kusazvivimba kwehurumende yeModi muRajiya Sabbaha pamusoro pechibvumirano cheRafale nenhamo yeagrian. Kufamba hakuna kuitwa nemhaka yokuti Chaipe yaitonga pasina kurongeka panzvimbo dzemichina. Muna 2020, mukati mekupararira kweCHOVAD-19, kuedza kwakafanana kwakaitwa asi hakuna kuunganidza sigini dzinodikanwa. Fireferi hurusase-idzo yakakwirira zvikurusa munguva dzazvino yazvino yakaitwa muLok Sabba muna August 2023, apo chishoro chakasunda imwe Hurumende yeModi. Kufamba uku kwakaitika pashure pekurukurirano yezuva maviri. Kwakadzokorokorodzwa muSyhabtting, sechikarometic at.

Kutsoropodza Neganhuriro Zvechiito cheRaje Sabha No Chokuregerera

Kushaikwa Kwesimba Rokubatanidza

Kutsoropodza kunowanzoitika ndekwokuti kufamba kwacho hakuna simba.Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti ipambadza yenguva yeparamende nemhaka yokuti hurumende inogona kungoifuratira. Vamwe vakakumbira kuti pave nechinjo yebumbiro remitemo kupa Rajiya Sabba simba rakafanana neiro reLok Sabhaha, asi ikoku kungasekesa nheyo yomutoro weboka kuImba yakakurumbira. Vamwe vanoomerera kuti kufambisa kwacho chinongova chishandisowo zvacho nokuda kwesimba ravanamatongerwe enyika.

Zvinogona Kukanganisa Maonero Acho

Vashori vekufamba kwacho vanotaura kuti muitiro wacho unogona kushandiswa kumisa rimwe bhizimisi remitemo. Nguva yeziviso, gakava, uye vhoti zvinopedza nguva inokosha. Kana kutora zvinhu kusingakoshi kukaitwa, vanogona kudzongonyedza rudungwe rweImba. Chikumbaridzo chakakwirira chesiginicha 50 chakaitirwa kudzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira, asi kunyange chiito chinotsigirwa zvakanaka chinogona kukanganisa purogiramu.

Kuda Kupfuura Makuriro

Pane kujeka pamusoro pokuti chiito chinogona kuva mukurwisana nomushumiri mumwe kana kuti chinofanira kuva chinopesana neDare rose raVafundisi. Mitemo inobvumira zvose zviri zviviri, asi muenzaniso wacho unovhengana. hurumende pane dzimwe nguva inoramba kuti chiito mukurwisana neDare rose ndicho bedzi chine revo, sezvachinowirirana nomutoro wavose. Vashumiri vamwe navamwe vanozvidavirira kuMutungamiriri weHurumende, kwete zvakananga kuImba.

Kuganhurirwa Kwetapuro Yenhau

Nemhaka yokuti hakuna Rajiya Sabra isina kufamba kwokuvimba kwati kwambopfuura (panenge pa 2025), dzimwe kurukurirano yacho imene inobatira sechenjero, kuchimanikidzira hurumende kutsanangura zviito zvayo. Ukoshi hwokufananidzira hwekufamba hakufaniri kurerutswa, zvikurukuru muboka rehurumende umo Rapya Sabhaha inomirira nyika.

Kubatana Nezvimwe Zvishandiso Zveparugaro

Kufamba kusina chivimbo ndichimwe chezvishandiso zvakawanda zvinowanika kuRaje Sabha kuti zvitarisirwe. Zvimwe zvinosanganisira:

  • Kuisa Ngwariro [ (Rule 180): Kubvumira mutezo kukwevera ngwariro kuhurumende kunhau youkoshi hwehurumende hunokosha nokukurumidza.
  • Kudzorwa kwemhepo (RULE 184): Kushandiswa kukurukura nhau chaiyo youkoshi hwavanhu hunokosha hwekurumidziro. Zvisinei, haigoni kusundwa muRajiya Sabbaha nemhaka yokuti yaigona kudzongonyedza Imba. (Musipo, kutsiva kunobvumirwa muRajiya Sabba pasi poMuraudzo 184, asi bedzi nebvumirano yeChisai; hazviwanzobvumirwa.)
  • [ Kukurukurirana kwoHwedzero [ (Rule 176): Kurukurirano pfupi pasina kuvhota.
  • [[[NHAU]] Chisarudzo cheChitezo [: Mitezo inogona kufambisa zvisarudzo zvinoratidzira mirangariro yayo.

Pakati paivava, kusavimba kuratidzirwa kwakasimba zvikurusa kwokusatendera nemhaka yokuti kunoguma nevhoti. Kunomanikidzira mutezo uri wose kunyora, uchiuita chishandiso chine simba chezvamatongerwe enyika kunyange kana kusati kuri kusungisa pamutemo.

Mugumisiro: Zvinoreva Kugara Nenguva Yacho

Muitiro wokusavimba muRajiya Sabha igadziriro yakasanogadzirwa inodzikamisa kudikanwa kwokuzvidavirira nokutsiga kwechapamusoro. Nepo ichishaiwa simba retsika reLok Sabha resimba rayo, unoramba uri chishandiso chinokosha cheparamende. Kufamba kunobvumira Rajiya Sabba kuisa kusatendera kwayo pachinyorwa, kuchimanikidzira hurumende kudzivirira zviito zvayo mutsika, pachena. Inoshanda senzvero yetsika nezvamatongerwe enyika, zvikurukuru panhau dzouori, dzoushati hwemitemo yemitemo, kana kuti kundikano yakakomba.

Nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzisi, kunzwisisa uyu muitiro kunojekesa kushanda kwakajeka kwehurumende yeIndia nehurumende yeparamende. Mitemo inovimbisa kuti kufamba kwacho hakushandiswi nenzira isina revo, nepo kuchipawo Imba mano okumisa hurumende nenzira inobudirira. Sezvo nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika yeIndia inochinja, fambiro yeRajiya Sabba isingatenderwi ingawana mari yakawanda zvikuru, zvikurukuru kana voruzhinji vehurumende vari muUpper House vapfupi. Pasinei zvapo, kuvapo kwayo kunosimbisazve nheyo yokuti kunyange kamuri rakasarudzwa nenzira isina kunanga.

[ Kurava nokunatsa