Kuwana Nyika Inodzora Yepamutemo muIndia

Kuwana nzvimbo muIndia kunodzorwa zvikurukuru ne Rakarurama kurumano nokujeka muLand Acconsition, Rehabilitation and Reparect Act, 2013 (Chiratidzo cheraundi). Iri murairo wakatsiva chirefu chezana ramakore reNyika Accoution Act ya189494, kuvamba chirevo chakajeka zvikuru, chakaenzana, uye kusvika kuvanhu vakakwirira. LIR Act inovavarira kuva nechokwadi chokuti vapi veminda vanowana muripo wakanaka, kuti nzanga dzinotapukurirwa zvakanaka, uye kuti muitiro wacho unoramba uchioneka zvakanaka kubva pakutanga kusvika kumugumo.

Gadziriro Huru Dzomutemo

RAR Act inosanganisira urongwa hunoverengeka hunokosha hwakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kodzero dzevaridzi venzvimbo nemhuri dzakabatwa nenjodzi:

  • Sacial Impact Assessment (SIA): Fundo yapamutemo yokuyera tapuro dzenzanga, dzemari, uye dzemhoteredzo dzinokarakadzwa dzokuwana nzvimbo nzvimbo kusati kwapiwa ziviso ipi neipi.
  • Zvinodikanwa zvokuzvidira: Nokuda kwezvirongwa zvapachivande, kubvumira kunobva kunenge 80% yavagari vemo vanotapurwa kunodikanwa; nokuda kwegadziriro dzesonganiro dzavanhu vose, kubvumira kuvambira pa 70% kunofanira kuitwa.
  • Kudzorwa: Varidzi veNyika vane maruramiro okubhadhara mari yemari inobhadharwa kana pamari yomusika munharaunda dzomumaruwa uye kupeta ruviri ukoshi hwemusika munharaunda dzomumaguta, pamwe chete nesolatium nedzimwe betsero.
  • Kugadzikiswa nokudzorwazve (R&R): Mhuri dzinotapurwa dzinofanira kugamuchira R&R zvipachi zvinobatanidza pokugara, basa, uye zvinhu zvemo.
  • Vatarisiri veNyika yokuwana: ruwa rumwe norumwe rune vakuru vakuru vakagadzwa vane mutoro wokutarisira gadziriro yokuwana uye kuva nechokwadi chezvinodikanwa zvapamutemo.
  • Kudzoka kweNyika isina kushandwa: Kana munda usati wawanwa usati washandiswa kwamakore mashanu, unofanira kudzorerwa kuvaridzi vapakuvamba kana kuti hurumende.

Matanho Mugadziriro Yokuwana Nyika

Kunzwisisa matanho aya kunokosha kune varidzi venzvimbo, vagadziri, uye vanoita zvepamutemo vanobatanidzwa mukutenga nyika.

Kuzivisa uye Kuzivisa

Muitiro unotanga apo sangano rehurumende kana kuti sangano rinobvumira rinozivisa nzvimbo inodikanwa nokuda kwedonzo ravose. Hurumende inopa ziviso yokutanga pasi peChikamu 11 che LAR. Iyi nzvero inobatanidza udzame hwenyika, chinangwa chokuwana, uye musi wezvirambidzo. Inobudiswa mumahofisi ehurumende, mapepanhau omunzvimbomo, uye pankachayat kuvimbisa kuziva kwakapararira. Nyika dzine mazuva 60 kubva paziviso kumashoko kudzoro kudzoroodza pamberi pomutengi.

Kufurirwa uye Kubvuma Kunoitwa Nevanhu

Hurumende inoita kuti paitirwe fundo yeSocial Impact Assessment (SIA) sezvinorayirwa neRARR Act. ESIA inoyera tapuro yokuwana upenyu hwemhuri dzakakuvadzwa, mararamiro omunzvimbomo, zvivako zvenzanga, uye migariro yemhoteredzo. Nzvero yacho inoitiswa nesangano rakasununguka rakagadzwa nehurumende. SAA rinoiswa pachena, uye mushumo wavose unotsigirwa kuti utendike. Yakavakirwa paSIA, hurumende inosarudza kana chirongwa chacho chiripo uye kana chichifanira kupfuurira. Zvirongwa zvaparo zvapachena uye zvibvumirano zvevoruzhinji, kuwana chinodikanwa kubva kuvagari vemo 80% kana 70} zvisati zvaenda mberi.

3. Kuzivisa Kwokupedzisira Nokutsunga

Pashure pokupedza SIA, kupindura zvirambidzo, uye kuwana tendero dziri madikanwa, hurumende inopa chiziviso chokupedzisira pasi peChikamu 19 che LAR Act. Ichi chiziviso chinogadza nenzira yakarongwa kuungana kuri mukufamba. Mutengi ipapo anosarudza chitsama chemibhadharo yakavakirwa pamusi weziviso yokutanga. Gadziriro dzokuwedzera dzinobatanidza:

  • Kuongorora kukosha kwemabhizimisi: Kuchienderana nemutengo wenzvimbo yakakwirira zvikuru yakaita seyakadaro munzvimbo yacho, avhareji ye50% yemabasa okutengesa, kana kuti kukosha kunokonzerwa nebasa rehurumende rokuita basa, chero ripi zvaro ringava rakakwirira.
  • Solatium: 100% yemiripo yose senyaradzo yokuwana kwokumanikidzirwa.
  • Betsero dzokuwedzera: 12% pachiverengero kubva pamusi weziviso yokutanga kutozosvikira pamusi womubairo.
  • R& R maruramiro: Mhuri imwe neimwe yakatapurwa inogamuchira imba, mikana yebasa, uye mupiro wemari wenguva imwe chete.

Mubayiro Nekuva Nezvauinazvo

Kana muripo wangotemwa, mutengi anoita mubairo pasi peChikamu 23, achirondedzera mubhadharo neR&R pasuru nokuda kwomuridzi mumwe nomumwe. Varidzi veminda vanopiwa mukana wokugamuchira mubairo kana kuti kukwikwidzana nawo mudare. Kana mubairo waitwa, hurumende inotora nyika. Asi, hamungatoriwi kusvikira muripo wakakwana waripirwa varimi vose.

Mashoko Okuverenga

Kubatanidzwa pasi peRAR Act kune rupo zvikuru kupfuura pasi pomutemo wapakuvamba. Kuverenga kunotevera mutsetse wakawanda:

  • Ukoshi hwemachira: Hunosarudzwa neChiverengero chedenderedzwa, zvibvumirano zvokutengesa zvakanyoreswa, kana kuti mushumo wenyanzvi, upi noupi unopa ukoshi hukurusa.
  • - nyika yomumaruwa inowanwa nekane mari inopetwa kana; nyika yomumaguta inowanikwa kaviri.
  • [[FOLT]SLATIum: 100% yenhamba yokutengesa pamwe chete newakawanda.
  • [[FT:0] Mvura: 12% pachnum kuvambira pamusi weziviso yokutanga kusvikira pamusi womubairo.
  • [[FT:0] muripo wokuwedzera: 12% pamutengo wemari inotengeswa nokuda kwenhambo yokubviswa.

Somuenzaniso, kana nzvimbo yomumaruwa ine ukoshi hwemari yeR. 10 lakhs, muripo waizova R. 40 lakhs (pashure pokuwandisa) pamwe chete neR. 40 lakhs solatium, hwerengedzo R. 80 lakhs, uye fariro neR& R.

Matambudziko Mugadziriro Yokuwana Nyika

Pasinei nokuti kuunganidza nzvimbo kwave kuri kusimba, kuIndia kuri kuramba kuchinetsa chaizvo zvokuti kunononoka kuita mabasa uye kunokonzera kusawirirana.

Matambudziko Anowanzosangana Nawo

  • Kunonoka Mumuitiro: Muitiro murefu wokuitisa SIA sa, kuwana mvumo, uye kupedza zvirambidzo kazhinji kazhinji zvinotora makore anoverengeka, kuchinonotsa gadziriro dzehwaro dzinodenha.
  • Mifungo pamusoro peLand Tittt:[[FL:1] zvinyorwa zvevhu, zvikumbiro zvakawanda zvouranda, uye kumirira kuparira zvinetso mukusarudza vatenzi vakafanira.
  • Ikodzero: Pasinei zvapo nomutoo, chiverengero chemari inotengeswa kazhinji kazhinji pasi penyika ine ukoshi, kuchitungamirira kugakava uye kutsananguro. Varidzi vemo kazhinji kazhinji vanonzwa muripo usingaratidzi ukoshi hwenguva yemberi hwezvinhu zvavo.
  • Nhau dzokugarisa: mhuri zhinji dzakatapurwa dzinoshuma dzimba dzisina kukwana, kushaikwa kwamabanza ebasa, uye vhiringidziko yenzanga pashure pokugarazve.
  • Non atne ne SIA: Zvimwe zvirongwa zvinoshumwa kuti zvinodzorwa kana kuti kushandisa Ipatsi dzenzanga kupedza kuunganidza, kuderedza vavariro yomutemo.
  • Huwa hweMubatanidzwa wePuritation: kazhinji kazhinji inhau yezvamatongerwe enyika, kuchitungamirira kukuramba, kurova, uye hondo dzapamutemo idzo dzinononotsazve zvirongwa.

Nzvero Yenhau Dzinocherechedzeka

Hamuna kufutunurwa gakava renyika muenzaniso wakatanhamara umo zviuru zvavarimi zvakakwikwidza muitiro wokuwana, zvichitaura muripo usina kukwana nokushaikwa kwebvumiro yakafanira. Dare Rapamusoro muna 2018 rakabvisa kuwanikwa kwe 153 miganhu yenyika muGreater Noida, kududza kusawirirana nebvumirano ye LARR negadziriro dzokunzwa.

Chimwe chinoitika chinokosha ibasa re redare resimbi muOdisha, iro rakatarisana namakore okukwikwidza nokuramba zvinobva munzanga dzomunzvimbomo pamusoro penhau dzokuwana nyika nokubvisa nyika. Chirongwa chacho pakupedzisira chakabviswa pashure pokukundikana kuchengetedza nzvimbo nenzvimbo, chichisimbisa vhiringidziko dzenzanga dzematongerwe enyika dzinopinda munzvimbo huru.

Kuchinja uye Kutanga Kushandisa Madhigirii

Kuti igadzirise matambudziko aya, hurumende yeIndia yakaita kuti pave nokuchinja kunoverengeka kunoitwa kuti pave nokuwana nzvimbo, kuvandudza kuoneka kwenzvimbo, uye kuderedza kusawirirana.

Kugadzirwa Kwemadhigirii Kwezvinyorwa Zvepasi

Digal India Records Modernation Programme (DILRMP) inovavarira kubatanidza zvinyorwa zvevhu munyika yose, kuchizviita kuti zviwanike nyore nyore uye kuderedza kuva muridzi. Madokero akadai seKarnataka, Maharashtra, uye Gujarat anoshandisa nenzira inobudirira gadziriro dzepasi dzepaIndaneti, zvichigonesa varimi kuyera nokuongorora marekodhi avo. Izvi zvinoderedza kunyengera uye kumhanya kuzivikanwa kweminda panguva yokuwana.

Kugadziridzwa Kwezvinoitwa Pakubvumirwa Kwevanhu

Hurumende yakatanga nzira dzokuchenesa nadzo gadziriro dzemarongerwo enzvimbo, kubatanidza kuwana mvumo. Window System Isine Window rimwe (NS) inobvumira vagadziri vemarongedzero kuti vashandise nokuda kwemvumo dzakawanda paIndaneti, kuderedza kunonoka kwehurumende. Kuwedzera, PM GSATI National Master Plan[[ Kubatanidza kuronga nyika nechirongwa chezvirongwa zvokugadzira zvinhu kuti vazive uye vagadzirise nhau dzokuwana pakuvamba kwechirongwa.

Michina Yakawedzerwa

RAR Act inogovera kutangwa kwe Land Accoution, Renation and Renation Chiremera pamwero woruwa kutsiva nharo. Masangano anoverengeka akagadza zviremera zvakadaro kuti apedze mhedziso yegadziro. Hurumende yakabudisawo masuo apaIndaneti nokuda kwokuisa zvirambidzo nokuronga mari yebhadharo, kuvimbisa kuti kujeka kukuru.

Kudzimwa Kwenyika Nemienzaniso Yokugadziridza Nyika

Vamwe vanotaura saGujarat naMaharastra vakaedza kuunganidza nyika nemienzaniso yeminda, uko varimi vanopa chikamu chenyika yavo nokuda kwokubudirira uye kugamuchirazve nzvimbo dzakakudziridzwa. Uku kuderedza kudikanwa kwokuwanwa kwokumanikidzirwa uye kuvimbisa varimi kuti vachengete ukoshi hwakati mukukura. Delhi Development Authority (DDA) State Policy[ muenzaniso unokosha unoda kubatanidza varimi sezvifambiswa mumaguta.

Kodzero Dzavaridzi Venyika Nemajeri

Varidzi vevhu vanotapurwa nokuwana kodzero dzinoverengeka nemishonga yepamutemo inowanika kuti vave nechokwadi chokurapwa nokubhadharwa zvakanaka.

Kodzero Muchiito Chokuzvidzora

  • Kunofanira kunzwiwa:[ Varidzi veNyika vanogona kuisa zvirambidzo kukuwana mukati mamazuva 60 eziviso yokutanga.
  • [ Kurudyi kumubhadharo wakafanira: Kudzorwa seripo riri mugadziriro yakanyorwa, kubatanidza solatium nefariro.
  • Kurudyi kudzimba nebasa: Mhuri iri yose inotapurwa inokodzerwa neimba nemikana yebasa sorutivi rweR&R.
  • Kudenha mubairo: Varidzi veNyika vanogona kuisa chikumbiro pamberi peLand Acquisition, Renation and Reformation Goverse and Religin Administration kana kuti Dare Rapamusoro rinodenha chitsama chamari inobhadharwa kana kuti kuwanikwa kumene.
  • Kurudyi kudzoka kunyika isina kushandiswa: Kana munda unowanwa ukasashandiswa nokuda kwedonzo rakataurwa mukati mamakore mashanu, varimi vanogona kutsvaka kudzoka kwawo.

Mishonga Yepamutemo Yevaridzi Veminda

Kana muridzi wenzvimbo achifunga kuti kuwanikwa kwacho hakubvumirwi nemutemo, mari yaunobhadhara haikwani, kana kuti zvinenge zvisina kuitwa, vanogona kuita zvinotevera:

  • Kuramba kwapabonde: Kuisa zvirambidzo pamberi pomuunganidzwa mukati menhambo yakatarwa.
  • Tsvaka mashoko: Shandisa kodzero kuInformation (RTI) Act kuwana udzame pamusoro peSIA, mwero yokubvuma, uye kuverenga kubhadhara.
  • [[[FOLT: 0] Tsvaka Chiremera: Chikumbiro pamberi peLand Accosition, Renation and Renation Government muruwa.
  • [[[Ndo] Kuzviisa kuMatare Akakwirira: Kana kusagutsikana, kukwirira kuDare Rapamusoro kana kuti Dare Rapamusorosoro.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kuisa muRusando Rwavanhu (PIL): Mumhaka dzinobatanidza kuputswa kukuru, vagari vemo vanogona kuisa piri muDare Rapamusoro kana kuti Dare Rapamusorosoro.

Basa Revatengesi Nevaiti Vezvemutemo

Vaiti vezvemitemo nevagadziri vezvirongwa zvekuvaka vanoita basa rinokosha mukuwana nzvimbo, vachitarisira kuti zvinodiwa nemutemo uye vachidzivirira zvinodiwa nevatengi vavo.

Nokuda Kwavatengesi Vapamutemo

Vabati vemitemo vanonyanya kutsvaga kutsvaga nzvimbo dzokuwana vanoda kugara vagadziridzwa nokugadziriswa kwemitongo yedare yazvino uno. Vanopa zano vavaridzi venzvimbo pakodzero dzavo, vanobatsira kurambidza kunyoreswa kwehondo, vanomiririra vatengi pamberi pechiTreant, uye vanobata nejekiseni. Nharaunda huru dzinobatanidza kusimbisa SIA mishumo, kuverenga mubhadharo wakarurama, uye kutaurirana nevagari vevhu vakawanda.

Nokuda Kwavaiti Vamabasa

Vavakidzi vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvirongwa zvavo zvinowirirana negadziriro dzeRAR Act, zvikurukuru zvinodikanwa zvokubvuma uye R&R misengwa. Kutanga kuita nenzanga dzomunzvimbomo pakuvamba, kuitisa SA, uye kuchengeta kurukurirano ine revo inogona kudzivisa kukakavadzana. Vavambidzi vanowanzoshanda namapoka emitemo kutungamirira muitiro wakaoma, kuwana jeko, uye nyika yakachengeteka pasina kujekeserwa.

[[NHAU:0] Maurashtra State Records Portal[[FLT: 1] inogovera zviwanikwa zvinokosha zvokuyera mazita evhu uye kunzvera ungwaru hwezvokuva nahwo, izvo zvinokosha kuvavaki mukati mekushingaira.

Nhungamiro Nezvikarakadzo Zvomunguva Yemberi

Kuwana nzvimbo muIndia kuri kuchinja. Kuita kuti muitiro wacho uve unobudirira zvikuru uye wakanaka, matanho anoverengeka anorumbidzwa:

  • [ Kusimbisa GIA kuva mubatiri: kutarisira SI kusingasarudzwi kwokuzvimirira kwokusimbisa kuti yakakwana uye haisaruri.
  • Ruzivo rwemitengo: Shandisa mepu yeGIS, brickchain nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvevhu, uye masuo apaIndaneti nokuda kwokutsvaka fambiro mberi kuti ideredze ushati nenonoso.
  • Mitoo yokuisa michina yeChester Conncance: inoratidzwa pachena kubvumikisa kubvumira, kubatanidza siginicha dzemichina nenzwi ravose.
  • Kuongorora R& R kugadza matare anozvimirira kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti mapakiti okudzorera achiitwa zvinobudirira.
  • [ Promote Land Poring: kurudzira mifananidzo yokuzvidira yokuunganidza nzvimbo uko kunobvira kuderedza rwisano.
  • [ Kuwedzera Kuzivisa Vanhu:[[FLT]] Tsika dzeKuzvibata nokuparadzira zvinhu zvemashoko kuti vadzidzise varidzi venzvimbo pamusoro pekodzero dzavo pasi peRAR Act.

Nokuda kwokuravazve pamusoro pemiitiro yakanakisisa, NITI Aayog yakabudisa mishumo pamusoro pokuwana chinjo panyika, uye Code yeIndiya inogovera mashoko akazara eRAR Act nedzinenge dzaagadziridza.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa manyorerwo epamutemo okuwana nzvimbo muIndia kunokosha kune vose vane mikana yokutenga nyika. LarR Act ya2013 inopa gadziriro yakarongeka kuti idzikane pakukura kwezvinodiwa nekodzero dzevaridzi venzvimbo nenzanga dzinobatwa. Kunyange zvazvo zvinetso zvakadai sokunonoka, kukakavadzana, uye muripo usina kuzara, kuchinja kuri kuramba kuripo uye kufambira mberi kwemitemo kuri kuvandudza mashandiro. Nokuramba vachiziva nezvemitemo, miitiro, uye zviitiko zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, varimi vanogona kudzivirira kodzero dzavo, vagadziri vemitemo vanogona kuvimbisa kuteverwa, uye varapi vemitemo vanogona kugovera kuratidzwa nokubudirira. Pakupedzisira, kuoneka zvakanaka uye kupfuurira zviripo kunobatsira pakugadzirwa kwenyika yose iri yose iri nzanga nevanhu, zvichiita kuti pave nokubudirira pakuremekedza kodzero dzinokosha dzevagari vemo.