Table of Contents
Wakanzwa vezvematongerwe enyika vachikumbira. Wakaona vashingairi vamakwikwi. Zvimwe iwe umene wakashandisa mashoko. Asi unonzwisisa chaizvoizvo here musiyano uri pakati pe [[FLT: 0] rusununguko na [[FLT] kodzero ?]
Iyi mifungo miviri inoumba mavambo ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica, bva inowanzovhiringidzwa, kukwidziridzwa, kana kuti kushandiswa nenzira yokusiyana mukurukurirano yezuva riri rose. Iyi vhiringidziko haisati iri bedzi kudzorwa kwamashoko(icho inotapura manzwisisire atinoita dziviriro dzedu pasi pomutemo, chatingaraira kuhurumende yedu, uye kuti tinoita sei muchaunga choutongi hwehurumende.
Musiyano wacho wakananga: [[FLT: 0] rusununguko rwakadzivirirwa padzongonyedzo dzehurumende, nepo kodzero dzechibvumirano zvibvumikiso zvokubatwa kwakaenzana nedziviriro pakusarura. Imwe nhoo dzokudzivirira pahurumende; imwe inoda chiito chehurumende kuvimbisa ruramisiro.
Iyi nhungamiro ine udzame ichajekesa musiano pakati porusununguko rwevagari vemo nekodzero dzavagari vemo, kunzvera kufambira mberi kwavo kwenhau, kunzvera zvinyorwa zvenhau zvakaumba zvose zviri zviviri, uye kutsanangura chikonzero nei kunzwisisa uyu musiano nokuda kwomugari ari wose weAmerica.
Kudzivirira Kwako Simba reHurumende
Rusununguko irusununguko rukuru runoganhurira izvo hurumende inogona kuita kwauri. Zviri ganhuriro zvikurukuru pasimba rehurumende /_constigational vimbiso dzinodzivirira uzvitutumadza hwomunhu oga pakuvhozhokera kwehurumende.
Rondedzero
Papfungwa dzavo huru, rusununguko rwehurumende runopindura mubvunzo wokuti: “Hurumende haigoni kundiitei? ” Vanogadzira nzvimbo inodzivirira parusununguko rwomunhu oga, vachigadza miganhu iyoyo (hungava hurumende yehurumende, hurumende, kana kuti yomunzvimbomo) isingagoni kuyambuka pasina ruramisiro inomanikidzira.
Rusununguko rwevagari vemo runosanganisira:
- Rusununguko rwokutaura: Kodzero yokutaura, kubudisa, uye kukurukura pfungwa pasina kunzvera kwehurumende
- rusununguko rworudzidziso: Kodzero yokushandisa (kana kuti kusashandisa) rudzidziso rupi norupi pasina dzongonyedzo yehurumende
- Kodzero dzekusarura: Dziviriro pakunzverwa kusina kufanira kwehurumende kana kuti kupinda munhau dzomunhu oga
- Kufanira kuita kodzero [: Kuvimbisa kubatwa kwakarurama mukutonga kwapamutemo, kubatanidza maruramiro kukutonga kwakarurama
- Kudzivirirwa pakutsvaka kusina mufungo: Chinodikanwa icho hurumende inowana maruramiro akavakirwa pachisakiso chinobvira isati yanzvera nzvimbo yako
- [ Rusununguko rweungano: Kodzero yokuungana norugare uye kusonganirana navamwe
Tsigiro yeBumbiro reMitemo
Rusununguko rwavagari vemo rwakawanda muUnited States runobva mu Bhill of Rights.
[[FLT: 0] Mberi yePfured Amendment Imprificies[[FLT: 1]: First Amendment yoga inodzivirira rusununguko rushanu runokosha: rusununguko rworudzidziso (zvose zviri zviviri kushandisa kwakasununguka uye kusatanga rudzidziso rwehurumende), rusununguko rwokutaura, rusununguko rwezvinobudisa nhau, kodzero yokuungana kune rugare, uye maruramiro okukumbira hurumende nokuda kwokugadziridza zvigumbu.
Fourth Amendment Protections[[FLT: 1]: Gamende yeChina inorinda kunzvera kusina mufungo nepfari, ichida vamiriri vehurumende kuwana magwaro anotsigirwa nezvikonzero zvinobvira. Ikoku kunodzivirira musha wako, mapepa, uye miuyo yomunhu oga kubva mukuvhozhokera kwehurumende kwounyengeri.
F5th Amendment Rights[[FLT: 1]: Mhedziso yeshanu inogovera dziviriro dzakawanda kubatanidza maruramiro okuzvidzivisa umene ("kutora rechishanu), dziviriro pangozi dzakapetwa kaviri (kuva akaedzwa kaviri nokuda kwemhosva imwe), uye vimbiso yokuti hapana munhu achanyimwa upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti chinhu pasina muitiro wakafanira womutemo.
SSxmendment Inosimbisa[[[FLT:]: Vapomeri veutsotsi vanogamuchira dziviriro dzakananga: kodzero yokutonga kwokukurumidza uye kwokusarura, vatongi vasina rusaruro, vachiziviswa nezvepomero, vachipomera zvapupu, zvapupu zvinogamuchira zvakanaka kuti zvioneke, uye vane zano rapamutemo.
[[FLT: 0] Hurumende inodzorwa neMwezo Yemhosva [[FLT: 1]: Kugadzirisa uku kunorambidza bherauti rakanyanyisa, faindi yakanyanyisa, uye chirango choutsinye uye chechienzi, kuchiganhurira nzira iyo hurumende inogona nayo kuranga nayo vaipomerwa kana kuti vakapiwa mhosva.
Kushandiswa Kunoitwa Kusunungurwa Kwevanhu Vose
Rusununguko rwavagari vemo sekodzero dzakashata() dzinodzivisa chiito chehurumende panzvimbo pokuida. Funga nezvarwo se "nou rinofanira kutungamirirwa kuhurumende:
[[[DHAKA: 0] HUMWE HURU HWEZVICHASAZOPERA[[[MVURA]:
- Cherechedza kutaura kwako kwakavakirwa pamurangariro kana kuti zviri mukati (pasina vamwe)
- Kusarudza kushandiswa kwakasununguka kworudzidziso kana kuti kutanga rudzidziso rwehurumende rwapamutemo
- Tsvaka musha wako pasina maruramiro akavakirwa pachisakiso chinobvira
- Kumbira kuti uzvipomere pamhosva
- Ramba kutonga kunoitwa nedare rinobetsera vatongi munhau dzoutsotsi
- Zvirango zvoutsinye nezvisiri zvenguva dzose
Muenzaniso chaiwoiwo weNyika[: Apo unoposita kutsoropodzwa kwaPurezidhendi pasocial mepublic, rusununguko rwako rwavanhu rwokutaura runokudzivirira pakukwidziridzwa kwehurumende nokuda kwokutsoropodza ikoko. Hurumende haigoni kusunga, zvakaisvonaka, kana kuti zvimwe kuranga nokuda kwokungotaura bedzi mirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika (hazvinei hazvo utsinye kana kuti kusadiwa.)
Ganhuriro Dzokusunungurwa Nevagari Vomunyika
Rusununguko rwavagari vemo haruna kuganhurirwa. Matare akaziva kuti ganhuriro dzakati dzehurumende parusununguko dzinobvumirwa apo dzinobatira fariro dzomugariro dzinogombedzera:
Cherechedza ngozi nePureat : Kutaura kunotyisidzira chiito chisingateereri mutemo kunogona kuganhurirwa. Hamugoni kudanidzira zvenhema kuti moto muimba yemitambo ine vanhu vazhinji kana kuti kunyandura masimba masimba anokurumidza.
[[NHAU: 0] Nguva, Nzvimbo, uye Manner Directs[[FLT: 1]: Hurumende inogona kuisa mirau isina kwayakarerekera paripi, apo, uye sei kutaura kunoitika, chero bedzi idzi ganhuriro dzichiva dzisingatori rutivi uye dzichisiya mikoto yakazaruka yakakwana yekurukurirano.
Rusununguko rwenyika[[FLT: 1]: Mukati menguva yenjodzi dzehondo kana kuti dzechokwadi, dzimwe rusununguko rungaganhurirwa kwechinguvana, kunyange zvazvo matare achinzvera ganhuriro dzakadaro nokungwarira.
Conficist Rights[[FLT: 1]: Apo rwisano yerusununguko rwevagari vemo (sekubudisa rusununguko mukurwisana nekodzero kukutonga kwakarurama), matare anofanira kudzikamisa fariro dzinokwikwidzana.
Kodzero Dzehurumende Dzokusimbisa Kuenzana Kwevanhu Vose Chii?
Nepo rusununguko rwavagari vemo ruchikudzivirira kuhurumende, maruramiro echivo anoda chiito chehurumende kukudzivirira pakusarura uye kuva nechokwadi chokubatwa kwakaenzana. Izvo zvine kodzero dzakanaka ((idzo dzinoshandiswa kumufambiro unoruramisira hurumende inofanira kuita kuti itsigire nokushingaira.)
Rondedzero
Kodzero dzavagari vemo dzinopindura mubvunzo: Hurumende inofanira kuitei kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti ndinofanira kubatwa zvakaenzana?
Kodzero dzevanhu dzinosanganisira:
- dziviriro yakakwana mumutemo: Chivimbo chokuti mitemo inoshanda zvakaenzana kumunhu ari wose, pasina rusaruro rwouhwana
- Kuvhota kodzero: Kodzero yokutora rutivi musarudzo pasina kutarisana nemhinganidzo dzorusaruro kana kuti dzisiri dzendangariro
- Access kudzimba dzavose[: Kodzero yokushandisa hotera, maresitorendi, zvokufambisa, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzavose pasina rusaruro
- Banza rebasa [: dziviriro parusaruro rwebasa rwakavakirwa pamavara akadzivirirwa
- Dzimba dzokugara [: Kodzero yokurenda kana kuti kutenga imba pasina kusarura
- dzidzo yokuenzana: Kodzero yokupinda zvikoro zvavose namayunivhesiti pasina rusaruro kana kuti rusaruro
- Kusvika kweminamato yehurumende: Chivimbo chokuti vagari vose vanogona kuwana betsero dzavose namabasa pamigariro yakaenzana
Mitemo Nemitemo
Kusafanana norusununguko rwavagari vemo, urwo runobuda zvikurukuru muChinyorwa cheBumbiro reMitemo cheKodzero, maruramiro echivo [ anowanwa muzvose zviri zviviri gadziridzo dzebumbiro remitemo (zvikurukuru idzo dzakapfuudzwa pashure peHondo yavagari vemo) uye mutemo wehurumende.
Fourtenth Amendment (1868)[[FLT:]: Chivambo chenheyo dzedziviriro dzekodzero dzavagari vemo, iyi bvumirano inosimbisa kuti hakuna hurumende icharamba munhu upi noupi "dziviriro yakaenzana yemitemo." Iyi ndima inodzivirira yakaenzana yakava hwaro hwebumbiro remitemo rokubvisa rusaruro nokukurira rusaruro.
Fifenth Amendment (1870): Yairamba kodzero yokuvhota yakavakirwa pa “dzinza, ruvara, kana kuti mugariro wekare wouranda," kugadza kuvhota sekodzero yehurumende (kurambidza kwakazara kwakatora rinodokusvika zana ramakore).
Ninetenth Amendment (1920)[[FLT: 1]: Kodzero dzokuvhota dzakawedzerwa kuvakadzi, vachiziva kuti kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kunofanira kubatanidza kuenzana kwevarume nevakadzi.
Ty - Fourth Amendment (1964)]: Mitero yokuvhota yakarongerwa musarudzo dzehurumende, ichibvisa mhinganidzo yemari yakanga yashandiswa kudzivisa vagari vemo varombo, zvikurukuru vaAmerica veAfrica, pakuvhota.
[[[FOL:0] Mutemo wekodzero dzechiRungu [:
Civil Rights Act ya 1964[ inomirira mutemo wakakwana zvikurusa wekodzero dzavagari vemo munhau yeAmerica. Iro:
- Rusaruro rwairambidzwa mudzimba dzevoruzhinji (Title II)
- Rusaruro rwebasa rwakarambidzwa rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti mavambo orudzi (Title VII)
- Kunyora mashoko okusarura muzvirongwa zvinotsigirwa nemari (Title VI)
- Yakaitirwa kurongwa kwedzidzo yavose (Titai IV)
`Voting Rights Act of 1965 yakabvisa nzvero dzokunyora nokuvhota, mitero, uye mimwe miitiro yakanga yadzivisa vaAmerica veAfrica kuvhota, zvikurukuru kuMaodza. Yaida mativi akati nenhau dzorusaruro kuti awane tendero yehurumende pamberi pokuchinja mitemo yokuvhota.
Fair House Act ya 1968 yakarambidza rusaruro mukutengeswa kwedzimba, marendi, uye mari yakavakirwa padzinza, rudzidziso, mavambo orudzi, uye gare gare vatano, urema, uye mugariro wenzvimbo yeimba.
American neUlimingcual Act (1990) dzakatambanudzira dziviriro dzamaruramiro avagari vemo kuvanhu vane urema, kuchida kusvika kwakaenzana kubasa, pokugara vanhu vose, zvokufambisa, uye mabasa ehurumende.
Kushanda Kunoita Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Kodzero dzevagari vemo dzinoshanda sekodzero dzakanaka, dzinoda kuti hurumende iite chiito kuti ive nechokwadi chokuenzana.
[[[ITSV:0] DAMBUDZIKO PAUMWE[[FURU:1]:
- Kusarurwa kwaiitirwa mabasa, pokugara, uye pokugara pevanhu vose
- Iva nechokwadi chokuti unokwanisa kuvhota zvakaenzana pasina mhinganidzo dzokusasarura
- Ramba uchidzivirira vanhu vose zvakaenzana
- Mitemo inomanikidza inorwisana naavo vanoputsa kodzero dzavamwe
- Tevedzera kugadzirisa rusaruro rwaunoita mune zvimwe zvinhu
Muenzaniso weNyika Wapachokwadi[: Apo mushandirwi anoramba kupinza vakwaniriswa nemhaka yedzinza ravo, hurumende (kupfurikidza neUncial Accounting Obportounty Commission) inogona kunzvera, kuunza pomero, uye kuraira mushandirwi kuchinja miitiro uye sezvinobvira kuvatsivi. Mutemo wekodzero dzevagari vemo unoda kuti hurumende ipindire nokushingaira kudzivisa nokurapa rusaruro.
Makirasi Anodzivirirwa Nemarudzi
Dziviriro dzamaruramiro avagari vemo dzinoshanda kumavara akati ayo munhau akashandiswa sehwaro hwerusaruro:
Race neColor: Sundo yapakuvamba yomutemo wamarudzi ose ekodzero dzavagari vemo, inorambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa pazivikanwo yedzinza kana kuti ruvara rweganda.
Sex neGener: Dziviriro parusaruro rwakavakirwa pavatano yomusikirwo, nedudziro dzinochinja kubatanidza kusarura mimba uye, nomutoo unowedzera, kuzivikanwa kwevatano nechimiro chevatano.
Chitendero[[FLT: 1]: Kuzivisa rusaruro rwakavakirwa pazvitendero zvorudzidziso kana kuti miitiro, nepo kuchidawo pokugara zvine mufungo nokuda kwokuchengetwa kworudzidziso.
Mavambo erudzi: Dziviriro pakusarura kwakavakirwa pamavambo enyika, dzinza, kana kuti ruzha.
Age: kudzivirira vashandi vakura (zvikurukuru 40+) mukusarura mabasa.
[[FFLT:0] Kutsakatika: Kuwana nzvimbo dzinowanika dzakaenzana nedzine mufungo nokuda kwavanhu vakaremara mumuviri kana kuti mundangariro.
[ Chimiro chePregnancy neFamilia [[FLT: 1]: Kudzivirira rusaruro rwakavakirwa panhumbu kana kuti chimiro chemhuri, zvikurukuru mudzimba nebasa.
Musiyano Mukuru: Kusunungura Kwehurumende Kunopesana. Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Kunzwisisa musiano uri pakati peiyi mirangariro kunojekesa nzira iyo hurumende yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica inodzivirira nayo vanhu uye inovimbisa nayo kuenzana.
Musiyano Unokosha
[[[FO:0] Kudzivirirwa[[[FLT]]:
- CORIVIL Liberties: Kodzero dzisina kunaka dzinoganhurira simba rehurumende uye dzinodzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu oga mudzongonyedzo yehurumende
- maruramiro echikodzero: Kodzero dzakanaka dzinoda chiito chehurumende kuva nechokwadi chokubatwa kwakaenzana uye kudzivirira vanhu pakusarura
[[[FRANT:0] Tsime[
- Chechirurango: zvikurukuru pamutemo, zvikurukuru Bill of Rights
- : Zvose zviri zviviri pamutemo (zvikurukuru zvinogadziriswa pashure peHondo) uye mutemo (mutemo wekodzero dzechinyakare)
[[FUNDO:0] REP] yeHurumende[:
- CORIVIL PAT: Hurumende inofanira kurega zviito zvakati; haigoni kudzongonyedza rusununguko rwakadzivirirwa
- maruramiro : Hurumende inofanira kuita chiito; inofanira kuita kuti kuenzana kuitwe ndokudzivisa rusaruro
[[[FO:0] Zvavanodzivirira pa[[FLT]]:
- Chechiko yerusununguko: Dzivirirai vanhu pahurumende inokunda uye inodzvinyirira
- maruramiro: Dzivirirai vanhu pakusarura nehurumende, mabhizimisi, uye vamwe vagari vemo
[[[ID] Kunatsiridza[[[FT]]
- CORIVIL Liberties: Yakavakirwa mumirangariro yeNjereso pamusoro pechisarudzo chomunhu oga uye kuganhurira simba rehurumende
- Kodzero: Yaparirwa nokurwisa uranda, kusarurana, uye rusaruro rwegadziriro
Mienzaniso Yakaenzana
Rusununguko rwekutaura (Civil Liberty): Hurumende haigoni kukusunga nokuda kwokutsoropodza vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa kana kuti kutsigira chinjo dzemitemo. Irworwu rusununguko rwehurumende rwokutaura pasina kunzvera kwehurumende.
Kutaura kwakadzivirirwa muBasa (Kurudyi): Mushandirwi haagoni kukudzinga nemhaka yedzinza rako, rudzidziso, kana kuti zvimwe mativi akadzivirirwa. Kana vakadaro, hurumende inofanira kuita kuti kodzero yako yehurumende iende kubasa rakaenzana. Ikoku kunoda chiito chehurumende kupedza rusaruro.
Rusununguko Rworudzidziso (Civil Liberty): Hurumende haigoni kukugombedzera kupinda chechi yakati kana kukurambidza kushandisa rudzidziso rwako rwakasarudzwa. Rusununguko urwu rwavagari vemo runodzivirira zvisarudzo zvako zvorudzidziso zvomunhu oga mudzongonyedzo yehurumende.
Kudavidza kworudzidziso (Kurudyi): Mushandirwi anofanira kugadzikisa nenzira ine mufungo miitiro yako yorudzidziso (sekubvumira nguva yomunyengetero kana kuti mazororo orudzidziso), uye hurumende inoita kuti iyi kodzero yavagari vemo imanikidzwe. Ikoku kunoda kubvumira kupindira kwehurumende kuvimbisa kuti vashomanene vorudzidziso vagamuchire kubatwa kwakarurama.
Privtacy (Civil Liberty): Mapurisa haagoni kunzvera musha wako pasina rugwaro runobva pachisakiso chinobvira. Rusununguko rwavagari vemo runodzivirira kuva kwako chakavanzika pakuvhozhokera kwehurumende kusina mufungo.
Fair House (Kurudyi): Muridzi wemba haagoni kuramba kukurenda pahwaro hwako kana kuti mugariro wemhuri. Hurumende inofanira kuita kuti mitemo yedzimba ive yakarurama, ichiita kuti iyi ive maruramiro ehurumende anoda chiito chehurumende kudzivisa rusaruro.
Kupfuura Nokupindana
Nepo rusununguko rwakasiana, rwavagari vemo nekodzero dzavagari vemo kazhinji kazhinji zvichibatana ndokusimbisana:
Kuvhota: Kubudisa kunomirira zvose zviri zviviri rusununguko rwavagari vemo (rusununguko kubva mukudzongonyedzwa nehurumende mukutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika) uye kodzero yevagari vemo (kusvika kwakaenzana kunzvimbo pasinei zvapo nedzinza, dzinza, kana kuti mamwe mavara). Rusununguko rwako rwokuvhota harugoni kuva runobudirira pasina dziviriro dzevagari vemo dzinovimbisa kusvika kwakaenzana.
Rusununguko Rworudzidziso: Kushandiswa kwakasununguka kworudzidziso rusununguko rwavagari vemo, asi kubatwa kwakaenzana kwamarudzidziso ose (kwete kuda chiKristu kupfuura chiIslam, somuenzaniso) inhau yamaruramiro avagari vemo.
Rusununguko rweInternet: Rusununguko rwako rwokusonganirana navamwe runobatanidza maruramiro ehurumende okuita kudaro pasina rusaruraganda kana kuti rusaruro.
Iyi mharadzano inoratidza kuti kudzivirira rusununguko kunoda zvose zviri zviviri kuganhurira vachenjeri vehurumende (rusununguko) nehurumende inogombedzera kuva nechokwadi chokuenzana (maruramiro).
Kuitika Kwenhau: Mawaniro Atakaita Pano
Kushanduka - shanduka kwerusununguko rwevagari vemo uye kodzero dzevanhu kunoratidza kutamburira kunopfuurira kweAmerica kurarama maererano nezvayaireva pakutanga.
Nguva Yakavambwa: Kugadza Rusununguko Rwevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete
CORINAL Constitution (1787): Bumbiro reMitemo serakatendera pakuvamba raiva nedziviriro shomanene dzakajeka nokuda kworusununguko rwomunhu mumwe nomumwe. Idzi dzaiitira hanya vanhu vazhinji veAmerica avo vaitya udzvinyiriri hwehurumende.
Bill of Rights (1791)[[FLT:]: Kupindura kuidzi itiro hanya, Congress yokutanga yakakarakadza(na masangano) yatendera() uye miuyo inodzivirira rusununguko rukuru. Iyoyi pakuvamba yakashanda bedzi kuhurumende yehurumende yehurumende, kwete hurumende.
Mitemo yapamberi[[FLT: 1]: Pasinei zvapo nomutauro wakakwirira pamusoro porusununguko, pakuvamba America yakabvisa vazhinji mudziviriro yakazara. Vanhu vakapinzwa muuranda vakanga vasina rusununguko runozivikanwa, vakadzi vakanga vane maruramiro apamutemo akaganhurirwa, uye MaIndia eAmerica aisarangarirwa savagari vemo.
Kugadziridzwa Kwehondo Yomunyika: Nheyo Dzekodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Hondo yevagari vemo nokugadziridzwazve zvakachinja mutemo wemitemo yeAmerica, zvichitanga hwaro hwekodzero dzevanhu:
Thiretenth Amendment (1865)[[FLT: 1]: Kupinzwa muuranda nokusazvidira, zvichisimbisa kuti vanhu vose vakasununguka zviri pamutemo.
Fourtenth Amendment (1868): Sezvingabvira wedzero inokosha zvikurusa yebumbiro remitemo chifo cheBill of Rights, iyo:
- Akaitwa kuti aichimbova varanda ave vagari vemo
- Nyika dzinorambidzwa kuramba kudzivirirwa kwakaenzana kwemitemo
- Nyika dzinodziviswa pakunyima munhu upi noupi upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu pasina muitiro wakafanira
- Yakagadzirwa gare gare "Iconporation" yeBill of Rights dziviriro mukurwisana nenyika
Fiffenth Amendment (1870): Kuramba kodzero dzokuvhota parudzi, kunyange zvazvo chipikirwa charwo chaisazozadzika kwerinenge zana remakore.
Nzira Mhando Mhafu Yokuenzana: Jim Anofora uye Anodzivisa
Pasinei zvapo nokugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo, kodzero dzechokwadi dzevagari vemo dzakaramba dzichinetsa kuAmerica veAfrica:
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)]: Dare Gurusa rakatsigira "kuparadzana asi kwakaenzana", kuchigonesa Jim Crow mitemo mhiri kwamamaodzanyemba. Ichi chisarudzo chinoparadza chakaratidza kuti kuchinja kwebumbiro remitemo kwoga hakugoni kuvimbisa maruramiro avagari vemo pasina kuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuagombedzera.
[ Kudzorwa[[[FLT: 1]: Mitero yokushambadzira, kunzverwa kwokurava nokunyora, zvikamu zvemashoko zvavanasekuru, uye masimba masimba zvakadzivisa vagari veAfrica veAmerica kuvhota, kuchibvisa Pendement yechigumi namashanu.
Yakateverwa Federal Action[[FL: 1]: Kwamakumi amakore, hurumende yehurumende yakaita zvishomanene kumanikidzira maruramiro avagari vemo, ichibvumira nyika kuchengeta gadziriro dzakafanana norudzi.
Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo: Rinoda Kuenzana
Pakati pezana remakore rechi20 Civil Rights Commun Rights Bowation Bowation yakamanikidza America kuti igone kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu vose:
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)[FLT: Dare Gurusa rakatendeuka pakupedzisira Plessy, richizivisa kusarura chikoro. Iyi chisarudzo chenhau yakatanhamara chakaziva kuti "kuparadzanisa asi kwakaenzana" kwakaputsa dziviriro yakaenzana, kuchisimbisa sangano ramaruramiro avagari vemo.
[[FONT:0] Montgomey Bus Boycott (55 9556]: Kuramba kwaRosa Parks kurega chigaro chake uye kudzorwa kwakatevera kwakaratidzira simba rokudzivisa kwakarongwa kusarura.
Civil Rights Act ya 1964: Pashure pamakore emidzi inoronga, nzvero, uye dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika, Congress yakapfura mutemo wakakwana unorambidza rusaruro mudzimba dzavose, basa, uye mapurogiramu anotsigirwa nehurumende. Ikoku pakupedzisira kwakamirira chiito chakakomba kumanikidzira maruramiro avagari vemo.
Chirevo Chokusarudza Kodzero cha 1965: Kutevera "Zuva reSvondo" muSelma, Alabama, umo vafambi vane rugare vakadenhwa noutsinye, Congress yakapfuudza Chibvumirano cheRevoting Rights, pakupedzisira achiita kuti vimbiso yePendement yechi 15 chive chechokwadi kupfurikidza nokurambidza miitiro yokuvhota nokugovera dare rasarudzo munharaunda nenhau dzorusaruro.
Fair Homes Act (1968)[FLT: Mazuva akapfuura pashure paDr. Martin Luther King Jr. kuurawa kwechigaro, uyu mutemo wakarambidza kusarura dzimba, uchitambanudzira dziviriro dzamaruramiro avagari vemo kunzvimbo dzinogara vanhu.
Kukura Kwekodzero Nerusununguko
Kupera kwezana ramakore rechi20 nokuvamba kwerefuro yakapfuurira:
Kodzero dzavakadzi[[FLT: 1]: Sangano rekodzero dzavakadzi rakawana wirirano yapamutemo munharaunda dzakawanda, kunyange zvazvo Ecult Rights Amendment Amendment isina kutongobvumirwa. Umutwe IX (1972) wakarambidza rusaruro mudzidzo, uye rusaruro rwemimba rwakava rusiri pamutemo.
Disability Rights[[FLT: 1]: VaAmerica vane Urema Husingashandisiwi Mumutemo (1990) vakatambanudzira dziviriro huru dzekodzero dzevagari vemo kuvanhu vakaremara, vachida kuwanikwa uye pokugara zvine mwero.
.LBTQ : Nhevedzano yezvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusorosoro yakakudzwa maruramiro eLGBTQ America, kubatanidza Lawrence v. Texas (2003) achiparadza mitemo yesodoma, United States v. Windsor (202013) achiziva roorano dzechisimba, Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) anosimbisa maruramiro eroorano munyika yose, uye Bostock v. Clayton County (2020) anorambidza kusarura basa kwakavakirwa padariro yevatano kana kuti chiziviso chevatano.
Kodzero dzePriviki: Kunyange zvazvo isingadudzwi zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo, matare akaziva kuva kwako woga sorusununguko runodzivirirwa neBumbiro reMitemo, kuchitapura nhau dzinobva pakudzivisa kubata pamuviri (Griswold v. Connecticut, 1965) kusvikira kukubvisa pamuviri (Roe v. Wade, 1973, kunyange zvazvo gare gare akatendeuka muDobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, 2022).
Mhaka Dzinokosha: Kuumbwa Kwakaitwa Rusununguko Nekodzero Dzematare
Kunzwisisa nyaya dzinokosha kunotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti zvinhu izvi zvakatanga sei.
Kusunungurwa Kwemhosva
Scheck v. United States (1919) - Free Speech Milimes: Mukati meWWI, Charles Schenkck akaparadzira mapepa anopikisa kunyora. Dare rakatsigira kupwiswa kwake, richitanga muedzo we "kuvhura nechiripo" (kuedza) kuparira ngozi yakakomba inogona kuganhurirwa. Mhaka iyi yakarondedzera miganhu yorusununguko rwokutaura sorusununguko rwevagari vemo.
Mapp v.O.1961) - Exclussionary Ramuro: Mapurisa akanzvera nenzira isiri yapamutemo musha waDollree Mappe pasina maruramiro akafanira. Dare rakatonga kuti ufakazi hunowanwa kupfurikidza nokunzvera kusina pamutemo hungagoni kushandiswa mumiedzo youtsotsi yehurumende. Iyi chisarudzo chakamanikidzira rusununguko rweD5 Amendment kupfurikidza nokuita miuyo nokuda kwokuputsa.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) - Kururamisirwa Kwako [[FLT: 1]: Mapurisa akabvunzurudza Ernesto Miranda pasina kumuzivisa kodzero dzake. Dare raida kuti mapurisa azivise maruramiro avo eshanu neEchitanhatu pamberi pokubvunza, achiparira kunyevera kwakakurumbira "Murdanda."
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) - Misi yePuresed Batment : Hurumende yakaedza kudzivisa kubudiswa kwePentagon Papers, zvinyorwa zvinoiswa mumapoka pamusoro peHondo yeVietnam. Dare rakatonga mukurwisana neganhuriro pamberi, richisimbisa kuti hurumende haigoni kunzvera chinyorwa kunze kwemigariro yakaisvoipa zvikurusa.
Roe v. Wade (1973) - Kodzero dzakavanzika: Dare rakaziva maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo kukuvata mhaka kwomunhukadzi muchisarudzo chokubvisa pamuviri, panenge pamavambo. Idzi rusununguko rwakatambanudzwa rwavagari vemo kubatanidza kuva voga muzvisarudzo zvomunhu oga, kunyange zvazvo iyi muenzaniso wakadzongonyedzwa gare gare muDobbs v. Jackson (2022).
Mhaka Dzekodzero Dzevanhu
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - School Dese Convention: Dare rakabvumirana rakazivisa kuti muganhu worudzi muzvikoro zvavose wakaputsa dziviriro yakaenzana ye 144th Amendment. Iyi chisarudzo chakabviswa chakaziva kuti kodzero dzevagari vemo dzinoda zvinopfuura kuenzana kwetsika chaidzo, kwete "kuparadzana asi kuenzana" zvivako.
Lovach v. Virginia (1967) - Intraicial Marriage: Mutemo weVirginia unorambidza roorano yemadzinza anopesana neSangano reNhungamiro neCurtive Claus. Dare rakaziva kuti maruramiro avagari vemo anotambanukira kurusununguko rwokuroora pasina ganhuriro dzorudzi, kubatanidza mativi ose ari maviri rusununguko neuenzani.
Regents dzeUniversity of California v. Bakke (1978) - Affidize Action: Nepo mipimo yedzinza muipinda makoreji yakanga isina kubvumirwa, dzinza raigona kurangarirwa sechinhu chimwe pakati pavazhinji kuwana mhatsa. Iyi nhau yakapesana nokupedza rusaruro nepo ichi pamusoro pedziviriro inopfuuridzirwa mumutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo.
Utsikinyiso v. Bollinger (2003) - Affidita Action Unifix: Dare rakatsigira kurangarirwa kwedzinza mupindiro kuti uwane mhatsa, kuonga betsero dzedzidzo dzemitumbi yavadzidzi yakasiana - siana. Ikoku kwakasimbisa kuti dzimwe nguva kodzero dzevagari vemo dzinoda nhamburiko dzokuita kuti vavimbe nomukana wakaenzana, kwete kungova nemavara bedzi kurapa kwakapora.
Obergefell v. Hodges (2015 - Kusaenzana kweroorano : Zvirambidzo zvehurumende paroorano yevatano yakafanana zvakaputsa zvose zviri zviviri muitiro wakafanira nedziviriro yakaenzana. Dare rakaziva kuti maruramiro evagari vemo anochinja kuva anobatanidza mapoka akambobviswa, kuchitambanudza wirirano yeroorano kuvaroorani vevatano imwe cheteyo munyika yose.
Bostock v. Clayton County (2020) - LGBTQ Actry Rights Dare raidavira kuti musoro VII weChibvumirano chekodzero dzechivoni cha1946, unorambidza rusaruro rwebasa "nemhaka yevatano," unobatanidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa pachimiro chevatano nezivikanwo yavanhu. Chisarudzo chacho chakaratidza kuti kodzero dzevagari vemo dzinofukidzwa kufukidza zvimiro zverusaruro zvisina kunyorwa zvakajeka mumutemo wapakuvamba.
Kushanda Kwakaita Kusunungurwa Kwehurumende Nekodzero Dzevanhu Vose Pamwe Chete
Nepo pfungwa yakasiyana zvikuru, rusununguko rwavagari vemo nekodzero dzavagari vemo zvinoshanda segadziriro dzinotsigirana dzinodzivirira chiremera chomunhu norusununguko.
Kusimbisana
[[Ntodzi]] Rusarura Runoda Kuenzana[: Rusununguko rwako rwavagari vemo runoreva zvishomanene kana usingagoni kurushandisa zvakaenzana. Rusununguko rwokutaura harubetseri kana ukatarisana nerusaruro pakutaura. Kodzero yokuvhota haina zvayamunobatsira kana miitiro yokusarura ichikudzivisa kuisa muvhoti. Kodzero dzevagari vemo dzinovimbisa kuti rusununguko runowanika kumunhu ari wose, kwete mapoka akaropafadzwa chete.
Kuenzana Kunoda Rusununguko[[FLT:]: Dziviriro dzamaruramiro avagari vemo dzinotsamira parusununguko rwavagari vemo. Pasina rusununguko rwokutaura negungano, mapoka akadzvinyirirwa aisagona kuronga kuraira maruramiro awo. Pasina gadziriro dzakafanira dzedziviriro, maruramiro avagari vemo aisagona kuva anodzorwa nenzira yakaenzana. Rusununguko rwavagari vemo runogovera maturusi nokuda kwokuronda maruramiro avagari vemo.
[[[D] Mitemo yeSynegy
[[FLT: 0] Dare reChivil Rights[[FLT: 1]: Vashandi vaivimba norusununguko rwavagari vemo (rusununguko rwokutaura, rwokubudisa nhau, uye rwegungano) kuraira maruramiro avagari vemo (kubatwa kwakaenzana uye kupera kwerumwe ganda). Rusununguko rwavo rwokuramba rwakaita kuti kurwisa kwavo nokuda kwouenzana kubvire.
Rusununguko rworudzidziso nokusaenzana[[FLT: 1]: Rusununguko rwehurumende rwerusununguko rworudzidziso runoshanda nedziviriro dzamaruramiro avagari vemo pakusarura rudzidziso. Wakasununguka kushandisa rudzidziso rupi norupi (rune maruramiro echipo), uye haugoni kunyimwa basa kana kuti pokugara nemhaka yechisarudzo ichocho (rudyi).
Kuvhota[[FLT:]: Kodzero yokuvhota inobatanidza rusununguko (rusununguko rwokutora rutivi mune zvamatongerwe enyika pasina dzongonyedzo yehurumende) namaruramiro avagari vemo (kuenzana nokuwana chiverengero chetsoropodzi pasinei zvapo nedzinza, vatano, kana kuti mamwe mavara).
Kunetseka uye Kupera Kwebhizimisi
Dzimwe nguva rusununguko rwevagari vemo uye kodzero dzevanhu zvinogona kunetsana:
Free Special Stuping vs. Dziviriro Yakaenzana[[FLT: 1]: Kufanira kudzivirirwa sorusununguko rwavagari vemo (kutaura kwakasununguka), kana kuti kurambidzwa kudzivirira maruramiro avagari vemo (rusununguko pakunetswa nokusarurwa)?
Rusununguko rworudzidziso vs. Kupesana neDiscrimination: Apo vatendi vorudzidziso vanotaura kuti rusununguko rwavo runobatanidza kuramba kubatira varoorani voutere humwe chetevo, ikoku kunorwisana naLGBTQ maruramiro avagari vemo kunzira dzakaenzana. Matare anorwisa kudzikamisa kurovedza kworudzidziso nedziviriro yakaenzana.
Free Association vs. Kuda vanhu paruzhinji: Masangano avanhu voga anofanira kuva nerusununguko rwokubvisa ani naani waanoda, kana kuti ane kodzero dzakaenzana dzokuwana pokugara panzvimbo yavose panzvimbo yerusununguko irworwo? Dare rakabvumira songaniro dzavanhu kuti dzisabatanidzwa apo dzaida pokugara pavose kuti dzibatire vose.
Uku kusawirirana kunozivisa kuti kodzero hadzina kukwana uye pane dzimwe nguva dzinoda kudzikamisa mipimo inokwikwidzana — a matare emabasa nedzimba dzokutonga zvinopfuurira.
Matambudziko Emazuva Ano uye Makakatanwa Epanguva Ino
Zvese zviri zviviri rusununguko rwevagari vemo nekodzero dzevanhu zvinotarisana nezvinetso zvitsva muzana remakore rechi21.
Kusunungurwa Muvanhu Vose Muzera Ramano
[[NHAU: 0] Kungwarira uye Kuvanzisa [[FLT: 1]: Ruzivo rwemichina runogonesa kunzvera hurumende pamiyero yaisambofungidzirika. Kuvambira pa NSA miunganidzwa yemashoko kusvikira kuruzivo rwokuziva chiso, mibvunzo inomuka pamusoro pokuti Kudzivirira kwePremendement yeChina pakunzvera kusina mufungo kunoshanda sei kumanoro azvino uno.
Free Speach Special Online: Apo makambani ezvoruzivo rwekugadzira zvinhu anodzora zvikuva apo kutaura kunoitika, dziviriro dzetsika dzerusununguko rwevagari vemo (dzinodzvinyirira hurumende, kwete makambani emunhu oga) dzingasashandisa. Ko makambani enzanga anofanira kubatwa sezvisarudzo zvavose munheyo dzeFirst Amendment?
Kupfinda nokuchengeteka[[FLT: 1]: Hurumende inoda kuti "pasuo" mugomba rekurukurirano renyika yose rive nenhau dzekuchengeteka parusununguko rwekuzvidira. Kukakavadzana pakati pechengeteko norusununguko kunopfuurira kushanduka.
Uchenjeri hunogadzirwa: Miitiro inoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pechinhu chiri chose kubva pamutongo woutsotsi kusvikira kutendero dzinomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pomuitiro wakafanira nemitemo yakarurama, ingagona kubatanidza zvose zviri zviviri rusununguko nekodzero.
Kodzero Dzehurumende muAmerica Inotevedzana
Kuvhota Kodzero Mudzvinyiriro[[FLT: 1]: Kutevera Shelby County v. Hoker (2013), iyo yakashaisa simba zvikamu zvikuru zveRegion Rights Act, nyika zhinji dzakaita mitemo iyo vatsoropodzi vanodzivisa kusvika kwokuvhota, zvikurukuru nokuda kwezviduku. Nharo pamusoro pemitemo yeID inovhota, kuvhota kwapakuvamba, uye matsamba etsamba anoratidza kurwisana kwekodzero dzavagari vemo.
[[FLT: 0] Police Reform and Ractic Justice[[FLT: 1]: Kuuraya kwamapurisa kwevatema veAmerica kwakanyandura sangano idzva nokuda kweruramisiro yedzinza nokuzvidavirira kwamapurisa, kuchimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pedziviriro yakaenzana muchengetedzo yomutemo namasangano outsotsi.
[[FLT: 0] Kutora nokudzivirira kwakaenzana: Mibvunzo inopfuurira pamusoro pekodzero idzo vanhu vasiri vagari vemo vanadzo, kuti kuchengetwa kwokutama kunofanira kushanda sei, uye kana mimwe miitiro ichitsauranisa marudzi akati kana kuti zvitendero.
Disability Access: Pasinei zvapo neADA, vanhu vakaremara vachiri kutarisana nemhinganidzo dzokutora rutivi rwakazara munzanga, kubva pamawebsite asingasvikiki kusvikira kurusaruro mumabasa nedzimba.
maruramiro eroorano: Nepo wirirano dzeroorano dzichitangwa, gakava dzinopfuurira pamusoro pamaruramiro anochinja, kuhesvura kworudzidziso kumitemo inorwisana norusaruro, uye kubatwa kwakaenzana munharaunda dzakadai sezvoutano nebasa rehondo.
[[FLT: 0] Economic Rights [[[FLT: 1]]: Vamwe vatsigiri vanotaura kuti maruramiro avagari vemo anofanira kutambanukira kupfuura mapoka egamuchidzanwa kuti abatanidze chengeteko yemari(hokuchengeteka, pokugara, uye dzidzo sekodzero panzvimbo peropafadzo.
Nhau Dzinotanga
Chiratidzo neNzvimbo Yakapoteredza[[FLT: 1]: Urudzi hwemhoteredzo nemhoteredzo nechekuratidzirwa kwapakarepo kwenzanga shomanene kushatiswa nenjodzi dzemhoteredzo — inomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pedziviriro yakaenzana uye kuita chisarudzo chemhoteredzo.
[[FLT: 0] Rusaruraganda: Sezvo maarutes achiita zvisarudzo pamusoro pechikwereti, basa, pokugara, uye ruramisiro youtsotsi, kuva nechokwadi chokuti havapfuuridzi rusaruro kuva denho yamaruramiro avagari vemo.
Health Care Suctivity : Murakatira weCOVID-19 wakazivisa kusawirirana kukuru kwoutano, uchinyandura ngwariro yakamutsidzirwa pautano hwakaenzana senhau yekodzero dzavagari vemo.
Murangariro Wamarudzi Ose: Kusvika Kwakaita Dzimwe Nyika Dzinobvisa Kodzero
Kunzwisisa kuti dzimwe nyika dzinodzikamisa sei rusununguko nekodzero kunojekesa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokudzivirira nadzo chiremera chomunhu.
Tsika Dzakasiana - siana Dzebumbiro Remitemo
[[FLT: 0] Eupan Approach[[FLT: 1]]: Hurumende dzakawanda dzehurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzeEurope dzinoisa simbiso huru zvikuru pakuenzana nechiremera, pane dzimwe nguva dzichiganhurira rusununguko mukushanda kweidzi nharidzano. Ruvengo runowanzorambidzwa, runoratidzira murangariro wokuti maruramiro avagari vemo okuremekedza anokunda rusununguko rwakasununguka rwakakwana rwokutaura.
Chart yeCanadia: Chikamu cheCanada chemitemo yekodzero nerusununguko chinobvumira zvakajeka "miganhu ine mufungo" pakodzero nerusununguko izvo zvinogona kunzi“ zvakaruramiswa nenzira youdhimoni munzanga yakasununguka neyoubati ushe hwehurumende hwese," kuchigovera kuchinjika kukuru kudzikamisa mipimo inokwikwidzanidzana kupfuura Bumbiro remitemo reU.S.
Kubudisira pasi kweAfrica : Post-parateid bumbiro remitemo reSouth Africa nenzira yakajeka rinobatanidza maruramiro enzanga (kuchengeteka, imba, dzidzo) sevimbiso dzebumbiro remitemo, kuvabata sekodzero dzavagari vemo hurumende inofanira kuziva nenzira inofambira mberi.
Gakava Rokuparadzana reAmerica
Free Speech Protections[[FLT: 1]: United States inodzivirira kutaura chose chose kupfuura utongi hunodokuva hupi nohupi hunosarudzwa navanhu, ichibvumira kunyange kutaura kworuvengo nezviratidzo zveNazi izvo zvingava utsotsi munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope.
Yakaziviswa yekodzero dzechimbichimbi: Kusafanana nehurumende dzakawanda dzinosarudzwa navanhu, Bumbiro reMitemo reU.S. rine maruramiro mashomanene akanaka (anomirira mabasa ehurumende). Utano, pokugara, uye dzidzo hazvisati zviri maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo, kunyange zvazvo zvingava kodzero dzavagari vemo pasi pemiraudzo.
HorohweMarongedzero [[FLT: 1]: mutemo weAmerica unogovera dziviriro dzakasimba nokuda kwamaruramiro enzvimbo, pane dzimwe nguva unoganhurira mano ehurumende okudzora nokuda kwedziviriro yekwakaenzana kana kuti yemhoteredzo kupfuura dzimwe hurumende dzinobvumira.
[[FLT: 0] Jodicial Review Evironment Power[[FLT: 1]: matare eU.S. anoshandisa simba guru zvikuru kurova mitemo sehurumende isina kururamisira kupfuura matare mudzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzakawanda, achiita zvisarudzo zvokutonga parusununguko namaruramiro zvikurukuru zvinovapo.
Zvidzidzo Zvinobva Mumaonero Anoita Vanhu
Kuenzanisa kwenyika dzakawanda kunozivisa kuti dzikamo pakati porusununguko rwomunhu oga nokuenzana kwakabatana haina kutsigiswa kana kuti yavose. Masangano akasiana - siana anosimbisa mipimo yakasiana, uye hakuna mutoo mumwe wa "wakarurama". Zvisinei, hurumende dzose dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzinobudirira dzinoziva kudikanwa kwezvose zviri zviviri dziviriro kusimba rehurumende uye zvibvumikiso zvokurapa kwakaenzana.
Nzira Yokudzivirira Nayo Kusununguka Kwako Namaruramiro
Kunzwisisa rusununguko rwevagari vemo uye kodzero dzavo kunoita kuti vagari vemo vakwanise kuvadzivirira zvinobudirira.
Ziva Dziviriro Dzako
Ziva iwe umene[: Dzidza icho Bumbiro remitemo, mitemo, uye zvisarudzo zvedare zvinotaura zvomenemene. Mirangariro isina kururama pamusoro pekodzero inozivikanwa navose(--kuziva zvokwadi kukubetsera kutaura dziviriro nechivimbo.
Pasi peMitemo [: Kodzero hadzina kukwana. Kuziva apo kusabvumira kwapamutemo kunoshanda kunokubatsira kusiyanisa ganhuriro dzomutemo nokuputsa chaikoiko.
[[FOLT:0] Gara wakadzidziswa[: Mitemo nedudziro dzokutonga zvinovapo. Pashure pezvisarudzo zvedare, chinjo dzemitemo, uye nharo dzemitemo zvinokuchengeta uchiziva nezvedziviriro dzako dzazvino.
Apo Kodzero Dzinoputswa
Ande Zvinhu Zvose[: Kana ukadavira kuti kodzero dzako dzaputswa, ufakazi: misi, nguva, zvapupu, zvakataurwa uye zvakaitwa. Ufakazi inokosha nokuda kwechiito chipi nechipi chapamutemo.
Tsvaka Mazano apamutemo: Masangano akafanana ne American Libersions Union (ACLU) anogovera zviwanikwa uye pane dzimwe nguva kumirira rusununguko rwavagari vemo nokutyora kodzero. Rusaruro rwebasa runogona kushumwa kuCommunity Observement Commission. Rusaruro rwenzvimbo dzinogona kushumwa kuBato reHost neUrban Development.
Fire yokunyunyuta[[FLT: Kuputswa kwamaruramiro kwakawanda kunogona kukurukurwa kupfurikidza nenyunyuto dzehurumende pamberi pokutendeukira kumatare. Masangano ehurumende akadai seEOC, Hud, uye hurumende kondirasi dzekodzero dzavanhu anonzvera kutaura kworusaruro.
Funga nezveLitigation[[FLT: 1]: Kupunzika kunoda chiito chedare. Kodzero dzavagari vemo nerusununguko rwevagari vemo zvinogona kupedza kuvadziko nokudzivisa kuputsa kwomunguva yemberi.
Kuunganidza Uye Kuunganidza
Sangano reIngi : Mapoka erusununguko rwevagari vemo (ACLU, Electronic Foundation, Foundation for Indivity and Express) uye masangano amaruramiro avagari vemo (NAACP, National Organization for Women, Lambda Legal) anotsigira dziviriro nokudzivirira kuputswa.
Chibvumirano chePuritatic[[FLT: 1]: Vakuru vakuru vanoumba maruramiro kupfurikidza nemitemo negadziriro dzedare. Kuzivisa, kuona vamiriri, uye kutsigira vanoisa maruramiro nerusununguko pakutanga zvinotapura sei dziviriro inovapo.
[ Community Organing[[FLT: 1]: Kufambisa ma Grassroot kwakaparira kukura kukuru kuri kwose kwamaruramiro avagari vemo. Rongano yomunzvimbomo inoramba ine simba nokuda kwokudzivirira nokuwedzera maruramiro.
[ Vamwe [: Kumira apo maruramiro avamwe anoputswa(nyange apo iwe pachako usina kutapurwa) (mazati edziviriro emunhu ari wose. Kodzero dzakachengeteka zvikurusa apo tinovadzivirira pamwe chete.
Kungwarira Kwezuva Riri Rose
Rovedza Kodzero Dzenyu: Kodzero apo dzinoshandiswa. Kubudisa, kutaura, kuungana norugare, uye kushandisa rudzidziso rwako (kana kuti kwete) kunochengeta rusununguko urwu ruchisimba.
Kurangarira Kodzero dzevamwe: Kodzero dzako dzinoguma apo vamwe vakatanga. Kushandisa rusununguko rwako nenzira yokuchenjera uye kuremekedza kodzero dzakaenzana navamwe kunosimbisa tsika yose.
Kudzongonyedza mirangariro: Paunoona kodzero dzichiputswa /kunyariswa kwekodzero dzehurumende kana kuti kurobwa kunotyisidzira rusununguko kana kuti kunyimwa kodzero dzevanhu. Kunyarara kunogonesa kubviswa kwedziviriro.
[[FLT: 0] Dzidzisa Chizvarwa Chinotevera[: Kubetsera vanhu vaduku kunzwisisa kodzero dzavo nemitoro sezvo vagari vemo vanobetsera kuchengeta idzi dziviriro nokuda kwenguva yemberi.
Chikonzero Nei Kunzwisisa Musiyano Kuchikosha
Musiyano uri pakati perusununguko rwevagari vemo nekodzero dzevanhu hausi wedzidzo, uye haunei nokuti tinonzwisisa sei uye tinodzivirira sei rusununguko.
Kuziva Zvinofanira Kuita neHurumende
Ubhadharo: Kunzwisisa kana nhau inobatanidza rusununguko (hurumende inofanira kurega) kana kuti maruramiro (hurumende inofanira kuita chiito) kunokubetsera kutungamirira kusarurama nenzira yakafanira. Kana hurumende ichiputsa rusununguko, unoiraira kumira. Kana ichikundikana kudzivirira maruramiro avagari vemo, unoda chiito.
[[NHAU: 0] Tsamba[[FLT: 1]: Kupunzika kwakasiana kunoda mishonga yakasiana. Kupunzirwa kwerusununguko rwavagari vemo kungada matare kubvisa ufakazi kana kuti kusunungura mumwe munhu mukodzero dzevagari vemo. Kuputswa kwekodzero dzevagari vemo kungada kuti hurumende imanikidze kuisa mitemo inorwisana nekusawirirana kana kuti igovere kusvika kwakaenzana.
Nharo dzechiPolitiki[[FLT: Gakavara dzakawanda dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinobatanidza kusawirirana pakati perusununguko nekodzero. Kunzwisisa ikoku kunokubetsera kunzvera nhau zvakajeka zvikuru: Rusununguko rworudzidziso runofanira kubatanidza kusunungurwa pamitemo inorwisana norusaruro here? Rusununguko runofanira kubvumira kutaura kworuvengo kunyange kana kuchikuvadza kuenzana? Kuziva kuti chii chiri pamativi ose kunoparira nzvimbo dzokufunga zvikuru.
Kudzivirira Utongi Hwose
Mutunity Iconfence: Democracy inoda zvose zviri zviviri rusununguko rwavagari vemo (kuti vanhu vagone kutora rutivi vakasununguka mune zvamatongerwe enyika) uye maruramiro avagari vemo (Saka vose vanogona kutora rutivi zvakaenzana). Kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri kunokubetsera kuziva apo nheyo dzedemocracy dzinotyisidzirwa.
Kuramba Authoritarianism: Masangano aumbhali anowanzodenha zvose zviri zviviri rusununguko (kupesana, kuganhurira gungano) namaruramiro (kupesana namapoka asina kutenderwa, sarudzo). Kuziva iyi mitoo kunobetsera kuzivisa ndokudzivisa miitiro inorwisana nedemocratic.
Kuvaka Sosaiti Iqukact: Hurumende dzinotonga dzapasi dzakasimba zvikurusa dzinodzivirira zvose zviri zviviri rusununguko rwomunhu oga nomukana wakaenzana. Kunzwisisa kuti rusununguko nekodzero zvinobetsera sei kuvaka nzanga dzose dziri mbiri dzakasununguka nedzakarurama.
Masimba Omunhu Oga
Kupa Dziviriro[[FLT: 1]: Paunoziva maruramiro ako norusununguko, unogona kuzvisimbisa nechivimbo. Kungava kuramba kutsvaka kusiri kwapamutemo, kushuma rusarurano pabasa, kana kuti kutaura pachena panhau dzavose, zivo inoita kuti chiito chive nesimba.
[ Kudzidzisa Vamwe: Unogona kubetsera mhuri, shamwari, uye mitezo yenzanga kunzwisisa dziviriro dzavo, uchiparira nzanga inoziva zvikuru kodzero.
Paratificing Evenetsive[[FLT: 1]]: Vagari vemo vakadzidziswa vanoita basa rehurumende yedemokrasi. Kunzwisisa chimiro chekodzero nerusununguko kunoita kuti kutora rutivi kwako kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuve kunobudirira zvikuru uye kudzora kwako kwakarurama zvikuru.
Kupedzisa: Kunzwisisa Kusunungurwa Kwevagari Vomunyika Inopesana Nekodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Musiyano pakati pe [[FLT: 0] rusununguko rwavanhu namaruramiro avagari vemo wakananga asi mukuru: rusununguko rwavagari vemo runodzivirira rusununguko KUBVA mudzongonyedzo yehurumende, nepo maruramiro avagari vemo achida chiito chehurumende kuvimbisa kuva wakaenzana. Pamwe chete, zvinoumba nheyo yehurumende yehurumende yeAmerica inosarudzwa navanhu (8) inoyera kuti vanhu vose vari vaviri vakasununguka uye vakaenzana.
Rusununguko rwevagari vomunyika imwe chete, runonyanya kutorwa muBill of Rights, runoparira kuzvitonga kusingadzorwi nehurumende.
Kodzero dzevagari vemo, dzakatangwa kupfurikidza negadziridzo dzebumbiro remitemo nemutemo zvakadai seChibvumirano cheChibvumirano chekodzero dzemunhu oga, dzinoda kuti hurumende idzivise nokushingaira kusarurana uye kuva nechokwadi chokubatwa zvakaenzana. Unogona kukarira miitiro yebasa yakaenzana, kuwana pokugara pavose kwakaenzana, uye kudzivirirwa kwakaenzana kwemitemo nemhaka yokuti hurumende inofanira kuita kuti izvi zvive nechokwadi.
Kukura kwenhau kwezvose zviri zviviri kunozivisa kurwisa kunopfuurira kweAmerica kuti ipedze chipikirwa chayo chokutanga chorusununguko nokuenzana. Kubva kuBill of Rights kuKugadziridzwa kweHondo yeChivilini kusvikira kuMutezo weRudzi weRudzi, rudzi rwacho rwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kuti runofanira kudzivirirwa uye kuti idziviriroi dzarunowana. Iyi purogiramu haisati yakakwana (8) denho itsva munguva yetsika, rusaruro runopfuurira, uye nzwisiso dzinochinja dzekuenzana dzinoreva kuti basa rinopfuurira.
Kana tikanzwisisa kusiyana kwacho nokuti ndiko kunochinja matsigirirwo atinoitwa nehurumende, kana vaongorori vehurumende vachitaura kana kuti vachiita mufambiro usina musoro, tinenge tichikumbira rusununguko rwevanhu kuti varege kuzviita.
Nenzira inokosha zvikurusa, rusununguko rwavagari vemo namaruramiro avagari vemo zviri kusimbisana. Haungagoni kuva norusununguko rwakafanira pasina kuenzana. @ mvovo dzinoreva zvishomanene kana vamwe bedzi vachigona kuzvishandisa. Uye haugoni kuwana kuenzana pasina rusununguko(maruramiro anotsamira parusununguko rwokuronga, kutaura, uye kuraira ruramisiro. Hurumende dzinotonga dzapasi dzinosimba zvikurusa dzinodzivirira dzose dziri mbiri, kugadzira nzanga dzakasununguka nedzapachokwadi.
Savagari vemo, mutoro wedu kunzwisisa idzi dziviriro, kudzishandisa, kudzidzivirira apo dzinotyisidzirwa, uye kudzipa kuvanhu vose. Kana tichitarisana nehurumende inonyengera inotyisidzira rusununguko kana kuti rusaruro runoramba maruramiro, vazivi navaronzeri vadzori vakurusa verusununguko. Musiyano pakati perusununguko rwavagari vemo nekodzero dzevagari vemo haisi nhau yerondedzero yepamutemo chete.
Kunzwisisa zvose zviri zviviri kunoita kuti uve mugari wemo anobudirira zvikuru uye anodzivirira tsika dzinotsigira nzanga yakasununguka.
