Kunzwisisa mitemo iyi kunokosha kuvagari vemo vose, sezvo zvichichinja zvakananga mafambire anogona kuitwa zviremera zvehurumende nevanhu voga nezvinhu zvavo.

Chii Chiri Chiteshi Chokutsvaka?

Chibvumikiso chokunzvera chitupa chapamutemo chakabudiswa nomutongi kana kuti mutongi chinobvumira vakuru vakuru vemitemo kunzvera nzvimbo chaiyo nokuda kwoufakazi hune chokuita nemhosva. Kuti awane rugwaro rwokunzvera, mukuru mukuru wedare anofanira kukumbira munhu kumutongi ndokuita chikumbiro chavo mukutenda kwakanaka kwakavakirwa pamashoko akavimbika ayo anoratidza chikonzero chinobvira chokunzvera. Chinodikanwa ichi chinoshanda senzvero inokosha pasimba rehurumende, kuvimbisa kuti mukuru mukuru wedare akazvimirira aongorore maidi mutemo usati wagona kuvhozhotera zvakavanzika zvomumwe munhu.

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunofanira kuwana rugwaro rwokunzvera kubva kugweta risina divi rakupinda munzvimbo yapachivande kuti utsvake ufakazi. Kushandiswa kwechiratidzo kunoda vakuru vakuru kupa ufakazi hwakapikirwa kana kuti mashoko ano udzame unotsigira chitendero chavo chokuti ufakazi hwemubato woutsotsi huchawanwa panzvimbo yakatarwa. Uyu muitiro unodzivirira vagari vemo pavhotera kana kuti pasina pamutemo munhau dzavo dzapachivande.

Mativi Anokosha Enzvero Yakakodzera

Kuti chibvumikiso chokunzvera chive chapamutemo, chinofanira kuva nezvinhu zvakati kuti zvinotsoropodza.The Amendment inotaura kuti hapana maruramiro achabudiswa asi pazvikonzero sezvinobvira, achitsigirwa nemhiko kana kuti bvumirano, uye zvikurukuru achirondedzera nzvimbo inofanira kutsvakwa uye vanhu kana kuti zvinhu zvinofanira kubatwa. Ichi chinodikanwa chaicho chinodzivisa kunzverawo zvako uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vakuru vakuru vemitemo vanoziva chaizvoizvo izvo vanotenderwa kunzvera nokutora.

Chirevo chinofanira kutaura kuti dare renharaunda rinoda kunzvera uye zvinhu kana kuti vanhu vanotsvaka. Ichi chinodikanwa chine mavambo akadzika enhau, chichibva muruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwenyika yeAmerica nezviratidzo zvavose uye mhesano dzebetsero izvo zvakabvumira zviremera zveBritain kuita nzvero huru, isina kusarura. VanaBaba vokuwana vakatsvaka kudzivisa kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwakadaro kupfurikidza nokuda maruramiro kuva matete uye akananga muukuru.

Chibvumikiso chinofanira kurondedzera zvinhu kuti zvibatwe zvakanaka zvokuti mukuru mukuru anogona kubvisa zvimwe zvinhu zvose, uye kundikano yerondedzero kuva chaiyoiyo kubvisa zvimwe nzvimbo kana kuti kundikano zvakakwana kurondedzera chinhu kana kuti munhu anobata achaita kuti rugwaro ruve rusingashandi uye shoro isati iri yapamutemo. Uyu mupimo unovimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru havagoni kushandisa rugwaro serezinesi rokuongorora muzvinhu zvomumwe munhu.

Mutezo Wechina: Fandesheni Yokutsvaka Nokusatendeutsa Mutemo

Mutezo Wechina weBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. unogovera kuti maruramiro avanhu okuchengeteka muvanhu vavo, dzimba, mapepa, uye tapuro, mukunzverwa kusina mufungo nepfari, haasati achizoputswa. iyi gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo inogadza imwe yedziviriro hurusa mumutemo weAmerica, kudzivirira kuva woga woga uye kuganhurira kuvhozhokera hurumende muupenyu hwavo hwomunhu oga.

Chinangwa chikuru chegadziriro iyi ndechokudzivirira kodzero yevanhu yokuva voga uye rusununguko pakupindira kusina musoro kunoitwa nehurumende.The Fourth Amendment inoratidza kunzwisisa kwevagadziri vemirayiridzo yokuti kuva voga kunokosha kuchiremera chomunhu norusununguko, uye kuti kuongorora kusingadzorwi nehurumende kunova tyisidziro yakakomba kurusununguko.

Nhoroondo Nechinangwa

Pavaitonga Britain, nyika gumi nenhatu dzeNorth America dzaidzorwa nevokuUnited States dzaiwana betsero, iyo yaipa simba zviremera zvomunzvimbomo kuti zvitsvake kupi nokupi kuti zvisatenderwa, uye vatongi veBritain vakanga vasingafaniri kunzwa maidi api naapi pamusoro pomubato usiri wapamutemo usati wabudiswa uye kunzvera kwaigona kuitwa pafungidzirowo zvayo nenzvimbo ipi neipi. Iyi miitiro yokutuka yakasiya pesvedzero isingagumi kuvagari veAmerica uye yakapesvedzera zvakananga kunyoreswa kweFrendment.

Pashure peChinjo yeAmerica, vagari venyika itsva vakanga vachifarira kuganhurira kunzvera kwehurumende, uye Bill of Rights, yakasimbiswa muna 1791, yaiva neFramendment Yechina, iyo yakadzivirira vanhu pakunzvera kusina mufungo.Aya mashoko enhau anobetsera kutsanangura chikonzero nei Kuchinja Kwechina kuchiisa simbiso yakasimba yakadaro pakuda maruramiro akavakirwa pachikonzero chinobvira uye akapiwa navatongi vasingatori rutivi.

Kukura uye Zvausingakwanisi

Zvisinei, Findment yeChina haivimbisi dziviriro pakunzvera kwose nehosha, asi bedzi avo vanoita nehurumende uye vanorangarirwa kuva vasina mufungo mumutemo.Izvi zvinoreva kuti Remendment yeChina haishandi kunzvera kunoitwa navanhu vamwe navamwe kana kuti masangano, kutoti vari kushanda savamiriri vehurumende. Kuwedzerazve, kusati kuri kutsvaka kwose kwehurumende kunoda murairo (hwusina mufungo) bedzi avo vanorangarirwa kuva "vasina mufungo" pasi pemipimo yebumbiro remitemo.

Kunzvera pasi peGavhura rechiChina kunoitika apo mushandi wehurumende kana kuti mumiriri wehurumende anoputsa kariro ine mufungo yomunhu yokuva oga. Uku "kukarira kune mufungo kwokuva woga" kwazova mavambo makuru okusarudza apo Gadziriro dzeChina dzeFirmamendment dzinoshanda. Matare anorangarira zvose zviri zviviri kana munhu ane kariro yekuva oga yenhau uye kana nzanga ichiziva kariro iyoyo seyakafanira.

Chisakiso Chinowirirana: Mupimo Wavarwi

Chisakiso chapamutemo chinofanira kusvikwa mutongi asati agona kupa rugwaro rwokunzvera. mukuru mukuru wedare anochengeta mutemo anotanga chisakiso chinobvira kana murume akachenjera akaziva maidi nemigariro zvinozivikanwa nomukuru mukuru aizodavira kuti anonyumwirwa akaita mhaka youtsotsi.

Kuti vawane rugwaro rwokunzvera, vakuru vakuru vanotarisira pamutemo vanofanira kuratidza kuti vane maidi akavimbika uye akakwana ayo angaparira munhu ane mufungo kudavira chiito choutsotsi chakaitwa uye kuti zvinhu kana kuti munhu anobatwa nechisimba zviri panzvimbo inoda kunzverwa. Sezvinobvira chinoparira kutsunga kunonangidzira ngwariro pahwerengedzo yemigariro inozivikanwa kukuchengetwa kwomutemo panguva yazvinotsvaka maruramiro.

Kunyatsoongorora Zvinhu Zvacho

Pakusarudza kana maruramiro anotanga chisakiso chinobvira, mutongi anotarira ku hwerengedzo yemigariro inopiwa mudare, uye Dare Rapamusoro-soro rakarondedzera chisakiso chamejasitiriti sechisarudzo chinoshanda, chine mufungo. Uyu murangariro unoziva kuti chisakiso chinogona kuderedzwa kugadziriro yakarurama asi chinofanira kurangarirwa pahwaro hwakananga hwenhau imwe neimwe.

MuIllinois v. Gates, nhau yaibatanidza muzivisi asingazivikanwi, Dare Rapamusorosa rakagumisa kuti kuva kwechokwadi, hwaro hwezivo, uye kuvimbika kwemuzivisi ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokosha izvo majaji angarangarira, uye kunyange zvazvo tsamba yomuzivisi isingazivikanwi muchinoitika ichocho ingadai isina kukwana bedzi, Dare rakagumisa kuti mutongi aibudisa angadai akawana chisakiso chakavakirwa pazvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai seidi rokuti kunzvera kwokutanga kunoitwa nomutevedzeri womutemo kwakanga kwasimbisa kudeya kutaura kunoverengeka kwakanga kuri mutsamba yacho.

Basa Rokusaremekedza Nokufungidzira

Kunyange zvazvo mirangariro ingatsigira kuwana chisakiso chinobvira, kungofungidzirawo zvako kazhinji kazhinji hakukoshi mukusarudza kana kushanda kwechiratidzo kuchisvitsa mipimo yebumbiro remitemo.

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo kungatsamira parovedzo noruzivo rwokuzviwanira kutsigira kuwanwa kwechingabvira. Zivo chaiyo namano zvavarwi zvinogona kubetsera kutanga revo yamaidi akati ayo angasava pachena kumudzidzisi wezvinodhaka. Somuenzaniso, mukuru mukuru wemishonga yemarara ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira angaziva mitoo yetsika kana kuti zviratidzo zvomuviri zvinokarakadza mubato wokutengesa mirimo.

Chisakiso chinopa rugwaro hachigoni kuvakirwa paizvo kunzvera kwakatevera kunozarura, bedzi pamaidi anozivikanwa apo rugwaro rwakabudiswa. Ichi chinodikanwa chinova nechokwadi chokuti magwaro akavakirwa paufakazi huripo panzvimbo pokururamiswa pashure peidi neizvo vakuru vakuru vanowana.

Chinodikanwa Chokurwa Nemagamba Asiri Oga

Kusimbisa kudikanwa kwekurayira kunoisa rutongeso rwamajaji akazvimirira pakati pavakuru vakuru vanotarisira mutemo namabasa evagari vemo, kunobvumira kuvhozhokera chivande ichocho bedzi paratidziro iyo inoumba chisakiso chinobvira, uye ganhuriro dzokuvhozhokera ikoko kupfurikidza nechikarakadzo chomunhu anofanira kubatwa, nzvimbo yokunzverwa, uye ufakazi hunofanira kutsvakwa. Uku kuiswa kwemutongi wedare asina kutora rutivi kunobatira sedziviriro yakakomba pakushandisa zviito zvokushingaira kana kuti kuisa mutemo kwakaipa.

Kunyange zvazvo Findment yeChina isingatauri zvakajeka kuti rugwaro ruchapiwa namejasitiriti asina kwawakarerekera uye asina mhaka, runowanzorangarirwa kuva rwomuzvarirwo, sezvo rimwe rezvinangwa retsamba iri kubvumira boka risina kwarakarerekera kusarudza kana kuchengetwa kwomutemo kune chikonzero chinobvira chokunzvera, uye rutivi runokosha rwebvumiro yokuita kuti paine mutezo usina kubatanidzwa uhwirudzure maidi ndokupa rugwaro kana bedzi kuchibvira chisakiso chiripo.

Kukundikana kuva netsamba yakabudiswa nebato risingasaruri uye risina rusaruro kuchabvisa chibvumikiso ndokuita kuti kunzvera kuve kusiri kwapamutemo.Ichi chinodikanwa chinovimbisa kuti chisarudzo chokubvumira kunzvera chinoitwa nomumwe munhu asina danda mumuuyo wokunzvera uye anogona kuyera nenzira isina donzo kana mipimo yebumbiro remitemo yakaitwa.

Kuva Nekodzero Kunodenha

Kunyange zvazvo rugwaro ruchipiwa serutivi runokosha, kushanda kwarwo kungapokanidzwa mukudzorwa kunotevera kana ufakazi hwokupomera hukawanwa uye kupiwa kwokupomera kuunzwa, uye vakwirirwi vangapanikira simba remukuru mukuru anopa rugwaro kana kuti kunyorwa kwechinhu chaicho chinodikanwa. Iyi hwirudzuro yapashure inogovera chekichekero inokosha pamuitiro wekubvumidzwa, kubvumira vakwirirwi kudenha maruramiro akapiwa nenzira isina kufanira.

Vadziviriri vanogona kudenha zvikonzero zvakawanda, kubatanidza chisakiso chisina kukwana, kushaikwa kwokunanga mukurondedzera nzvimbo inofanira kuongororwa kana kuti zvinhu zvinofanira kubatwa, kana kuti zvinetso nokusatora rutivi kwamejasitiriti. Dare rinonzvera nokungwarira idzi denho kuva nechokwadi chokuti dziviriro dzeGaramende Yechina dzinoramba dzine revo.

Vakasiyana Nevanhu Vanofanira Kuteerera Mutemo Usingarambidzwi

Kuongorora nzvimbo dzemunhu oga kwakawanda hakubvumirwi muGaramende yeChina, kutoti kana kutoti chimwe chinhu chainyatsoshanda.

Kunzwisisa kuti vanhu ava havasi vamwe vanhu zvinokosha kuvakuru vakuru vemapurisa uye vagari vemo, sezvavanorondedzera miganhu inoita kuti mapurisa atsvake pasina mvumo yedare isati yaitwa.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Akaoma Anosiyana

Kusiyanisa kunonyatsodiwa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anobvumira kutsvakwa kunofanira kuitwa kubvumiranwa neWechina Amendment.

MuMissouri b. McNeely (20203), Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa rakajekesa kuti mhatsa yemigariro ingaparira mirangariro yakakwana kururamisa kutsvaka kusina maruramiro, kubatanidza kudikanwa kwevatsigiri vomutemo kwokugovera betsero yekurumidziro kumusha, kuronda nokupisa chivako chinotiza kuti vadzime mwoto ndokunzvera chisakiso chawo.

Uku kusiiwa kune zvinodikanwa zviviri: kuti mukuru mukuru angava ane chisakiso chokunzvera kana kuti chokusunga, uye migariro iyoyo yakakomba yakaruramisa kupindira kusina kufanira. Zvinhu zvose zviri zviviri zvinofanira kuvapo nokuda kwokusiiwa kuti zvishandisirwe, (chisakiso chinoshaikwa chiri chose) hachina kukwana kana pasina kurumidziro yechokwadi, uye mugariro wekurumidziro haupembedzi kushaikwa kwechisakiso chinobvira.

Migariro yakashata iripo mumigariro umo vanhu vari mungozi yava pedyo, umo ufakazi hwakatarisana noruparadziko rwava pedyo, kana kuti pamberi pokupukunyuka kwokunyumwira. Shoko guru ndi "kutya"") tyisidziro inofanira kuva iri yapakarepo uye yakakomba, kwete inobvira kana kuti kufungidzira.

Zvikamu Zvemamiriro Ezvinhu Akaipa

Dzidziso yeyamuro inobvumira vakuru vakuru kupinda munzvimbo pasina maruramiro apo vanenge vane hwaro hune mufungo hwokudavira kuti mumwe munhu ari mukati anoda betsero yapakarepo.Izvi zvingabatanidza migariro umo vakuru vakuru vanonzwa kudanidzira, kuona zviratidzo zverwisano yamasimba masimba, kana kuti kusangana nomumwe munhu anoratidzika kuva ari kutambura migariro yakakomba yokurapa.

Dzidziso yokuronda zvikuru inobvumira vakuru vakuru kutevera anonyumwira munharaunda yapachivande pasina kutanga kuwana rugwaro.

Kuparadzwa kuri pedyo kwoufakazi kunobvumira kupinda kusina kukodzera apo vakuru vakuru vane chisakiso chinobvira chokudavira kuti ufakazi hwodokuparadzwa.

Matare achanyatsotarisa panguva apo mukuru mukuru wacho anoongorora pasina pamutemo kana kuti kugwinha kuti aone kana panguva iyoyo mukuru mukuru ane mufungo ari kukurumidza kuita chimwe chinhu uye asina basa kuwana rugwaro.

Tsvaka Chinokonzera Kusungwa

Apo mukuru mukuru anobata anofungidzirwa, mukuru mukuru angaitisa chinoitika chokunzvera kukusungwa, zvisinei, Dare rakatonga kuti munhu bedzi nenharaunda yapedyo ndizvo zvinoongororwa muChimel neCalifornia (1969). Uku kusiiwa kunoshanda zvinangwa zviviri zvinokosha: kudzivirira kotsekano yavakuru vakuru kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti vasungwa havana zvombo zvinosvikwa, uye kudzivisa kuparadzwa kwoufakazi.

Kusungwa kunofanira kubvumirwa nomutemo kana kuti ufakazi hungarangarirwa kuva husingashandi mumutemo wokubvisa.Ichi chinodikanwa chinovimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru havagoni kushandisa kusungwa kusiri pamutemo sepembedzo yokuita nzvero isina maruramiro. kana kusungwa kwacho kusina kufanira, ufakazi hupi nohupi hunowanikwa kupfurikidza nechinoitika chokunzvera kusungwa ikoko huchadziviswa zvapachokwadi.

Ukuru hwechiitiko chokutsvaka kusungwa hunoganhurirwa kumunhu womusungwa nenharaunda iri mukati mawo nechaimo — pane dzimwe nguva inonzi "wingspan" kana kuti "daro rakareba zvikuru". Vakuru vakuru havagoni kushandisa iyi nhambo kururamisa kunzvera imba yose kana kuti chivako nemhaka bedzi yokuti vakasunga mumwe munhu mukati.

Chinjo Yemotokari

Pasi pemotokari yakasiyiwa neCarroll v. United States (1925), kana mapurisa ane chikonzero chinobvira chokudavira kuti motokari ine ufakazi hwoutsotsi, chibereko choutsotsi, kana kuti kuvhozhokera kwemotokari kungaitwa pasina mvumo.uku kusiiwa kunoratidzira kufamba kwomuzvarirwo kwemotokari nokukarirwa kuduku kwekuvandika uko vanhu vane mumotokari vachienzanisa nemisha yavo.

Kusiiwa kwemotokari kunobvumira vakuru vakuru kunzvera rutivi rupi norupi rwemotokari uko ufakazi hunofungidzirwa hwaigona kuwanikwa, kubatanidza huni, kamuri reglove, uye mabhokisi mukati memotokari.

Murangariro Wakajeka

Kana kuchengetwa kwomutemo kukacherekedza ufakazi hwoutsotsi, uye ivo vane maruramiro apamutemo okuvapo panzvimbo yacho, vangaita nzvero isina pamutemo mudzidziso yakajeka.iyi dzidziso inoziva kuti vakuru vakuru havafaniri kudikanwa kufuratira ufakazi hwomubato woutsotsi hunooneka pachena kwavari apo vanenge varipo nenzira yapamutemo munzvimbo.

Kunzvera kusina kupanikira nokubvuta zvinhu hazvisati zviri zvapamutemo kana zvinhu zviri kuongororwa zviri muchiono chakajeka.

Kunzvera Kuchibvumirwa

Dare racho rakaona kuti mugari wemo angaramba kodzero dzake dzeGendement yeChina nokubvuma nokuzvidira uye nouchenjeri kutsvaka, achibvumira mukuru mukuru kuti atsvake zviri pamutemo pasina mvumo.

Kudzivirirwa pasi peGendement yeChina kunogona kudziviswa kana munhu akabvumira nokuzvidira, kana kuti asingarambi ufakazi hunounganidzwa mukati menzvero isina maruramiro kana kuti kubatwa nechisimba.

Mibvunzo inokosha inomuka apo vanhu vakawanda vane chiremera panzvimbo. Kazhinji kazhinji, munhu upi noupi ane chiremera chimwe chete panzvimbo anogona kubvuma kunzvera nharaunda dzinogoveranwa.

Zvimwe Zvakasiyana

Uyezve, kubvutwa kusina maruramiro kwezvinhu zvakasiiwa, kana kuti kwezvinhu zvenzvimbo yavose hakuputsi Kugadziriswa kweChina, nemhaka yokuti kunorangarirwa kuti kukarira kuva woga kunzvimbo yakasiiwa kana kuti kuzvinhu zviri panzvimbo yavose hakuna mufungo.

Dzidziso yapachena inoti nharaunda dziri kunze kwenzvimbo isina kusimukira (nharaunda yakapoteredza musha nokukurumidza) hadzidzivirirwi neGadziriro Yechina.

Mutemo Wokugumisa: Kupedzisa Kodzero DzeGadziriro Yechina

Mutemo wokubvisa mutemo unobatira somushonga mukuru wokuputsa Wechina Amendment.Mumutemo uyu, ufakazi hunowanikwa kupfurikidza nokunzvera kusiri kwapamutemo kana kuti kubvuta haugoni kushandiswa mukwirirwi mudare routsotsi.uyu mutemo wakatangwa nematare kudzivisa kuchengetwa kwomutemo pakuputsa maruramiro emitemo uye kuchengeta perero yokutonga kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti matare haasati achizova anowirirana mukupunzwa kwemitemo.

Mutemo wokubvisa unoshanda kwete bedzi kuufakazi hunowanwa zvakananga kupfurikidza nokunzvera kusiri kwapamutemo, asiwo kuufakazi hwokubereka nahwo hwakadai se “chibereko chomuti une chepfu. ”

Zvisinei, mutemo wokubvisa zvinhu une zvakawanda zvinokosha. Kurega kutenda kwakanaka kunobvumira ufakazi kubvumwa kana vakuru vakuru vakavimba nenzira ine mufungo negwaro iro gare gare rakabvumikisa kuva risina kushanda. Kuwanwa kusingadzivisiki kunobvumidza kubvumwa kwoufakazi hungadai hwakawanwa kupfurikidza nenzira dzapamutemo pasinei zvapo nokunzvera kusiri kwapamutemo. dzidziso yokunzvera inopa ufakazi apo kubatanidzwa pakati pokunzvera kusiri kwapamutemo nokuwanwa kwoufakazi kwakava kwakakwana.

Kurangarirwa Chaiko Mumutemo Wazvino Uno Wokutsvaka Nokubvisa

Kuziva Zviri Pachako Nezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Ruzivo rwemazuva ano rwakakonzera zvinetso zvitsva zvomutemo weFreendment weChina.Nhare dzemasero, makombiyuta, uye mamwe makombiyuta ane mashoko akawanda zvikuru anotaurwa nomunhu, zvichimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti mapurisa anogona kuongorora zvinhu izvi rini uye sei.

MuRiley v. California, Dare Rapamusoro rakataura kuti mapurisa anowanzoda gwaro rokutsvaka runhare rweserura, kunyange apo runhare runobatwa kuti rusungwe.Dare rakaziva kuti serura ine marekodhi ezvinenge zvinhu zvose zvoupenyu hwazvino uno uye kuti kudzinzvera kunoisa itiro hanya dzakavanzika kure zvikuru kupfuura idzo dzinobatanidzwa mukutsvaka zvinhu zvokunyama.

Saizvozvowo, mibvunzo ine chokuita nokuongorora kwehurumende, kuongorora GPS, uye kuwana mashoko emagetsi inoramba ichichinja semashandiro anoita zvinhu zvemazuva ano.

Kuzvinyepedzera Kune Mufungo Kunorwisana Nechinoparira Chinetso

Zvisinei, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, vatsigiri vemitemo vangatsvaka apo vane nyumwiro ine mufungo yomubato woutsotsi.

Munzvimbo yaTerry v. Ohio, vakuru vakuru vanogona kuisa mumwe munhu muchidimbu ndokuita chigadziko chakaganhurirwa chezvombo kana vane nyumwiro ine mufungo yokuti munhu wacho anobatanidzwa mumubato woutsotsi uye angava akashongedzerwa neane ngozi. Uku kumira kweTerry" kana kuti "mira uye frask" kunofanira kuvakirwa pamaidi akananga, anochinjika", kwete bedzi nyumwiro yakakomba kana kuti yakarongwa.

Kuongorora Mucheto Nezvinodikanwa Chaizvo

Mamwe mashoko anobatanidza dziviriro dzeChina. Ruval settings, somuenzaniso, inogona kuitwa pasina zvibvumikiso kana kuti chisakiso chinobvira nemhaka yefariro yakasimba yehurumende mukudzora kuti ndiani neanopinda munyika. Nenzira yakafanana, kunzvera kwezvokudzora kwamaindasitiri anodzorwa zvikuru, kuongorora chengeteko panhandare dzendege, uye kunzvera zvimwe zvikoro kungaitwa mumipimo yakaterama.

"Zvinodikanwa chaizvo" dzidziso inobvumira kunzvera kusina maruramiro apo hurumende ine fariro dzinokosha kupfuura dzinochengetwa nomutemo. Ikoku kungabatanidza kunzvera mirimo kwavashandi vakati, nzvimbo dzokunzvera kusadhakwa, kana kuti kunzvera kwavadzidzi navakuru vakuru vechikoro. Uku kunzvera kunofanira kuva kune mufungo, asi hakudi mwero mumwe chetewo wokururamisa senzvero yamagamuchidzanwa youtsotsi.

Mashoko Anoshanda: Zvinofanira Kuzivikanwa Nevagari Vomunyika

Kodzero Dzako Mukutsvaka

Kana mapurisa akauya kumba kwako aine gwaro rokutsvaka, une kodzero yokuona kuti rugwaro rwacho runenge ruine mashoko anoshanda.

Kana mapurisa asina rugwaro, kazhinji kazhinji une maruramiro okuramba kunzvera. Kungoti bedzi: “Handibvumiri kunzvera uku" kunosimbisa zvakajeka chimiro chako. Zvisinei, yeuka kuti kumwe kusino musengwa kungabvumira mapurisa kuita nzvero kunyange pasina kubvumira kwako.

Paunenge uchitsvakurudza, une kodzero yokunyarara uye kukumbira gweta, haufaniri kuramba kana kuti kuvharidzira vakuru vakuru, sezvo izvi zvingaita kuti upedzerwe mhosva.

Nguva Yokutsvaka Zano Repamutemo

Gweta rine ruzivo rwekudzivirira ringaongorora kana kuongorora kwacho kwaitwa zviri pamutemo uye kunyora pasi kuti kurege kuwanikwa uchapupu husiri hwepamutemo. Nguva inowanzova yakaoma munhau idzi, sezvo zvimwe zvinetso zvepamutemo zvichifanira kumutswa dare risati ratongwa.

Kunyange kana usina kupomerwa mhosva, kubvunza gweta pashure pokunge watsvaka zvinhu zvisina kunaka kunogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa kodzero dzako uye zvaungasarudza.

Kukosha Kwokunyora

Cherekedza mazita nenhamba dzemabheji zvevakuru vakuru vanobatanidzwa, nguva nomusi wokutsvaka kwacho, chakasechwa, uye chakabatwa. Kana zvichibvira, takura mapikicha kana kuti mavhidhiyo, kunyange zvazvo usingafaniri kudzongonyedza vakuru vakuru mukuita kudaro.

Kana vamwe vakacherechedza kutsvakwa kwacho, wana mashoko avo efoni kuitira kuti vape mashoko kana zvichidiwa.

Kubudirira Kwemazuva Achangobva Kupfuura uye Nharo Dziri Kungoramba Dzichienderera

Makore achangopfuura, pakava nezvisarudzo zvinokosha pamusoro pokuongorora serura, kuongorora ndege, uye kuwana mashoko anoshandiswa nemagetsi akaiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvezvikamu.

Mibvunzo pamusoro pokuzivikanwa kwezviso, kuverengwa kwemapepa erezero anoitwa nemunhu, uye zvimwe midziyo zvokuongorora zvinosimudzira kunetseka kunokosha kwokuti matare achiri kushanda kuti agadzirise zvinhu zvinodzivirira ugandanga uye nyika.

Mitemo yehurumende nemitemo yemitemo inoitawo basa rinokosha mukutsvaka nokubvuta mutemo wokutamburira.

Basa Redare uye Rokudzika Mitemo

Zvisinei, Congress yakawedzera kudzivirira kweGendement yeChina mumashoko akasiyana - siyana, kusanganisira kuisa mitemo yorumano nokuda kwezvinodiwa zvewaya.Mutemo weFederal unogona kugovera dzimwe dziviriro dzinopfuura dzebumbiro remitemo, uchigadzira kodzero dzokubvumirana dzinoshandiswa pakudzivirira Iwechina.

Mitemo yakasiyana - siyana yehurumende inodzora kuongorora uye kuongorora. Semuenzaniso, Electronic Communications Ancy Act inodzora kukwanisa kuita kuti mutemo upinde pafoni nemagetsi. The Foreign Intelligence Surveildance Act inotanga nzira dzokuongorora nokuongorora kuchengetedza nyika.

Maonero Anoita Nyika Dzose Uye Kuenzaniswa Kwaanoita

Kunyange zvazvo nyaya ino ichinangidzira ngwariro pamutemo weU.S., kwakafanira kucherekedza kuti dzimwe nyika dzine mitoo yakasiana yokutsvaka kana kuti kubvunda. Dzimwe nyika dzinogovera dziviriro dzakavanzika dzakasimba zvikuru kupfuura United States, nepo dzimwe dzichipa chiremera chakawanda chokuchengeta mutemo. Kunzvera idzi nzira dzakasiana - siana kunogona kupa murangariro unokosha pazvisarudzo zvinoratidzirwa mumutemo weAmerican Fourderment.

Somuenzaniso, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, inodzivirira panjodzi yokuzvidira kana kuti kusava nemitemo yepamutemo.

Mugumisiro: Kukosha Kunoramba Kuchiitwa kweMitemo Yechina Yokudzivirira

Kuongorora Kwechina uye kukumbira kudzivirira kunokosha kunoratidza ukama hwevanhu nehurumende munzanga yakasununguka.

Kunyange zvazvo kutarisirwa kwemitemo kuine kodzero dzokuongorora uye kodzero dzechina dzeMwedzi Yomutemo kuchifanira kupiwa simba rokuzvidzivirira uye kuzvidavirira.

Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu ruchichinja uye vanhu vachichinja, mutemo weChina We Amendment uchaenderera mberi kuumbwa.Matare, masangano okutonga, uye vagari vemo vose vanoita mabasa anokosha mukuumba kuti kudzivirira kwemitemo iyi kunoshanda sei mumamiriro ezvinhu matsva.

Kungava kuti uri kuongororwa nemhosva, uchinetseka nokuongororwa nehurumende, kana kuti uchingofarira kunzwisisa kodzero dzako dzebumbiro remitemo, kuziva zvinodiwa pakutsvaka uye nheyo dzeChina dzeGaramende Dzinokosha.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pekodzero dzebumbiro-mitemo nemuitiro woutsotsi, shanyira LGALD Information Institute's Fourterment kana kuti bvunza gweta rinokwaniriswa muhurumende yako. Kunzwisisa nokushandisa maruramiro ako hakusati kuri nhau yomunhu oga bedzi.