Kuzivikanwa kwemitengo kunomira seimwe yekodzero dzinonyanya kusimudzirwa neGeneral Data Protection Regitation (GDPR), zvikurukuru nokuda kwenhau dzemibatanidzwa yeIrish. MuIreland mari yemari inowedzera — kubva pakubhangisa nokukurukurirana kusvika kuutano hwemasangano anobatsira — mano okufambisa mashoko omunhu oga pakati pemibato yebasa anosimbisa vanhu uye kutengesa zvinhu zvinochinja simba. Kurura uku hakusi kungoitawo kuti munhu ashandise kodzero dzake, kugone kugonesa vagari veIreland kudzora mashoko avo, kusimudzira makwikwikwikwi, uye kuvandudza. Kunzwisisa mapepa ebasa, zvapamutemo, uye zvinobatanidzwa zvinoshanda zvemaidi ebasa kunoitwa nevanhu vose vari vaviri vanotsvaka kodzero dzavo nesangano zvinofanira kuvabatsira.

Kubatana KweDzivo Chii?

Kuzivikanwa kwemichina, sezvinorondedzerwa pasi peChikamu 20 cheGDPR, kunopa vana vamaidi kodzero yokugamuchira mashoko avo emunhu oga — ayo vakagovera kumukuru mukuru wemakombiyuta — mugadziriro yakarongeka, inowanzoshandiswa, uye purogiramu yemichina. Vangakumbirawo kuti mashoko acho aparirwe zvakananga kune mumwe mutungamiriri uko kunooneka. Kana kuti vanhu veIreland vanokwanisa kuendesa mapepa avo eemail kune imwe tsamba, kuendesa nhau dzemari kuapp itsva yebhangi, kana kuti kuendesa mapepa ezvo utano kubva kune imwe purogiramu yekiriniki kunzvimbo inokwikwidza — zvose pasina kudzosera mavambo okutungamirira kana kuti kunonotsa muitiro.

Kururama kunoshanda bedzi apo kugadzira kwacho kunobva pabvumirano kana kuti chibvumirano, uye apo kugadzira kunoitwa nenzira dzinogadzirwa nemotokari. Manyoro kana kuti pepa anonangidzirwa panzvimbo yaro. Mazita akabatanidzwa anofanira kuva mashoko omunhu oga ayo munhu akagovera, akadai semanyuko, semanyorerwo enhau, kana kuti mashoko enzvimbo, asi kwete mashoko anogadzirwa kana kuti akawanikwa namutungamiriri (g., kunyora nechikwereti kana kuti mativi etsika). Musiyano uyu unova mukuru nokuda kwemasangano eIreland kuti anzwisise apo anenge achitarisira zvikumbiro.

Zvivako Zvepamutemo Zvokuti Sangano Rive Nebasa MuIreland

Hwaro hwapamutemo hwekuzivikanwa kwemashoko muIreland hunobva zvakananga muChikamu 20 cheGDPR, icho Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) inosimbisa. DPC, sechiremera chinozvimirira, yakabudisa nhungamiro pamusoro penzira iyo masangano anofanira kubata nayo zvikumbiro zvekumira, kuwirirana nenhungamiro dzeEuropean Data Protection Board’s (EDPB). Kurudyi hakushandi zvakakwana bedzi apo hwaro hwepamutemo hwokugadzira huri kubvumira (Arcle 6(a) kana kuti Artic (2) Chikamu (a) kana kuti chibvumirano (Acle) (6(1))))), uye kugadzirwa kwacho kunorongwa.

Nenzira inokosha, kodzero yokuzivikanwa kwemazita inofanira kushandiswa pasina rusaruro kudzimwe maruramiro eGDPR, zvakadai sekodzero yokushushikana (Article 17) kana kuti kodzero yokuita chimwe chinhu (mharidzo 21). Somuenzaniso, nhau inonyorwa inobvunza kuzivikanwa kwemazita avo paINHAU dzemaIN ingasarudza kubvisa mazita avo uye kuvimba nekodzero yokuwana mamiriro ezvinhu. Masangano haagoni kushandisa chikumbiro chinoshanda sezvikonzero zvokunonotsa kubvisa kana kuramba zvimwe zvikumbiro zvepamutemo. DPC yakasimbisa kuti vatungamiriri vanofanira kupindura zvikumbiro zvinonzi zvitendwa pamiteveri panzvimbo [[FL:0] pasina kunonoka uye pasina kufanira mukati mwedzi mumwe chete , zvinotambanurwa nemwedzi miviri nokuda kwezvikumbiro zvakaoma kana kuti zvakakwira.

Mitumbi yeIreland, kubatanidza DPC, inoitawo muitiro weEuropean Data Protection Board wokuva nechokwadi chokushanda kwakafanana munyika dziri nhengo dzeEU.

  • Chibvumirano 1:[ Kuronga kwakavakirwa pabvumirano kana kuti chibvumirano.
  • [[FT:0] Chibvumirano 2: Kufambira mberi kunoitwa nenzira dzinongoshandiswa.
  • scope: Tsime inopiwa nenhau yemashoko, kwete mashoko akatorwa.

Nokuda kwoudzame hukuru, varavi vanogona kunzvera mashoko akazara e Article 20 yeGDPR ne yeIRIS DPC panhungamiro yehurumende pamusoro pekupinda kwemaidi.

Kubatsira Kuwana Mashoko Anobatsira Anotaura Nezvevanhu vokuIreland

Nokuda kwavanhu vanogara muIreland, kuzivikanwa kwemashoko kunozarura mwero mutsva wokudzora mashoko omunhu oga. Mumitiro, kunobvumira munhu kusununguka pamibato inovhara rock-in, enzanisa namabasa nenzira inobudirira zvikuru, uye kuchinja matura pasina kurasikirwa nemashoko anokosha. Rangarira mushandisi wemongi weDublin anoda kubva pamushandisi mumwe weserura weserura kumumwe munhu apo anenge achichengeta runhare rwavo, mapango, uye zvisarudzo zvebasa. Pasi porudyi kumitengo yemaidi, mushandisi wokutanga anofanira kutumira aya madata mufashoni akadai seCSVVSV kana kuti JSON, kana kuti kana akumbire ashai, aitumira zvakananga kumushandi mutsva — akagovera mushandisi mutsva ane unyanzvi hwokushandisa kuti aabvuma.

Nenzira yakafanana, vatengi veIreland vanogona kushandisa kuzivikanwa kwemashoko kuti vatamisire nhau yavo yemari inotengeserwa kubhengi kubva kune imwe mutengi weakaundi yazvino uno kuenda kune imwe apo vanotenga mari yemhindu iri nani kana kuti yemitengo yakaderera. Ikoku kunobvisa pfundo retsoropodzo inokosha uye kukurudzira masangano ezvemari kuvandudza uye kukwikwikwidzana panzvimbo pekutsamira pamutengi interti. Kuzivikanwa kwenhau dzoutano kune vimbiso dzakati: Murwere muCork anogona kufambisa marekodhi outano awo eGP kubva kumuitiro wezverivhinzi kana kuti nyanzvi yezveripo pasina kudzokorora kunzvera kana kuti kudzosera nokuna mumaoko nhau yavo yokurapa.

Meta, Google, Apple, nevamwe vanotarisira makombiyuta makuru vakavakirwa kana kuti vanoshanda pamusika weIreland vanofanira kugovera zvishandiso zvokutumira zvinhu zvinowirirana neChikamu 20. Irish DPC yakaongorora uye yave ichitsvakisisa makambani anotadza kugovera nzira yokudzivirira nayo zvinhu zvakajeka uye inowanika, ichisimbisa kukosha kwekodzero.

Kushandisa Kwaungaita Kodzero Yako Kukuziva

Nyaya dzemashoko dzeIreland dzinoda kushandisa kodzero yadzo yokuzivikanwa kwemashoko dzinofanira kutevera matanho aya anoshanda:

  1. Kuzivisa mutarisiri wematai: Sarudza kuti isangano ripi rine mashoko aunoda kuendesa. Iri ringava bhangi, social network, mari yokupa mashoko, kana kuti basa routano.
  2. nyorera chikumbiro chakarongwa: Sarudza mukuru mukuru wedziviriro dzemibatanidzwa (DPO) kana kuti shandisa mukoto wazvo wakasarudzwa wekukumbira wekupinda. Makambani akawanda eIreland anogovera zvishandiso zvinopa shandisirwa midziyo yokurevesa izvo zvinozadzika maruramiro pasina kuda email yepamutemo. Kana pasina chishandiso chakadaro, tumira chikumbiro chakanyorwa Chikamu 20 cheGDPR.
  3. Ratidza mapoka amadata: Iva akajeka sezvinobvira pamusoro pei mashoko aunoda kuisa panzvimbo yawo — somuenzaniso, “ndaza yangu yose nenhau” kana kuti“ zvinyorwa zvangu zvebhizimisi kuvambira muna January 2020 kusvikira kuna December 2024.
  4. Sarudza magadzirirwo ako: Kumbira mashoko acho zvakarongwa, zvinowanzoshandiswa, uye magadzirirwo egirabhu. Mafomu anodiwa ndeeCSV, JSON, XML, kana kuti PDF (kunyange PDF haifadzi zvikuru pakugadzirwa kwomuchina). Kana uchida kuti mashoko apfuurwe zvakananga kune mumwe mutungamiriri, ipai mashoko omutungamiriri anogamuchira uye simbisa kuti anokwanisa kutora mashoko acho.
  5. Akamirira mhinduro: Mutarisiri anofanira kupindura mukati momwedzi mumwe, pasina mutengo, kutoti chikumbiro chikasaoneka chisina hwaro kana kuti chakanyanyisa. Kana mutarisiri akaramba, vanofanira kukutsanangurira kodzero yako yokunyunyuta kuDPC.
  6. Kutumira mashoko: Kana wangogamuchira faira yemashoko, unogona kuichengeta zvakanaka, kuihwirudzura nokuda kwokururama, uye kuipinza mubasa idzva. Kana ukakumbira kuendeswa kwakananga, mutarisiri anofanira kuwirirana nomutarisiri anogamuchira (nekunyoreswa kwako kusati kwaitwa).

Kunokosha kucherekedza kuti maruramiro okupinda mumashoko haamanikidzi mudzori anogamuchira kugamuchira mashoko; mushandisi mutsva angava nemitemo yake amene yokupinza mashoko kana kuti ganhuriro dzounyanzvi.

Mitoro Yesangano reIreland

Masangano eIreland — angava makambani ezvoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu anobva munyika dzakawanda ane dzimbahwe reEurope muDublin, SMEs dzomunzvimbomo, kana kuti masangano avose — kuzivikanwa kwemashoko kunoparira misengwa yakananga. Vatarisiri vanofanira kushandisa matanho ounyanzvi uye esangano kuti zvigone kuoneka panguva yakakodzera, zvakakotsekana, uye zviri nyore kusvika.

Misengwa yemari inobatanidza kuva nechokwadi chokuti manyuko omunhu oga anogona kusimudzirwa mugadziriro yakarongeka, inowanzoshandiswa, uye purogiramu yokushandisa muchina. EDPB inorumbidza mipimo yakazaruka yakadai seCSV kana kuti JSON, uye apo kunobvira, APIS inobvumira, kuendesa kwakananga pakati pavatungamiriri. Masangano anofanirawo kusimbisa kuzivikanwa kwenhau yedata inoita kuti idzivise kujekeswa. Iyi revo inofanira kuva inowirirana uye kwete kuwedzera shatiso yakanyanyisa.

Misengwa yemitemo inoda vadzori kuti vapindure pasina kunonozeka kusingakwaniswi uye mukati menhambo yenguva yemwedzi mumwe (inosvika kupfurikidza nemwedzi miviri nokuda kwezvikumbiro zvakaoma). Basa rinofanira kugoverwa pachena pasina mubhadharo kutoti chikumbiro chisati chiri chepamutemo kana kuti chakanyanyisa. Masangano anofanirawo kuzivisa nhau dzekodzero dzavo dzokuva vakanaka panguva inounganidzwa, zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nechiziviso chakavanzika.

Vadzori veIreland avo vanoshandisa midungwe mikuru yemashoko emunhu oga vanofanira kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvemibato yokugadzira ndokuva vakagadzirira kuratidzira kuwirirana mukati mekunzvera neDPC. Kukundikana kuringanira kutevedzerwa kwemashoko — kungava kupfurikidza nokuramba chikumbiro chapamutemo, kugovera mashoko mugadziriro isiri yomutemo, kana kuti kunonoka pasina pembedzo — kunogona kuguma nefaindi yokutarisira kusvika kumamirioni 20 kana kuti 4% yegore negore yenzvimbo yepasi pose, iyo iri yose yakakwirira zvikuru.

Chiito chokuchengetedza cheDPC mukurwisana naTwitter (zvino X) muna 2022, umo fashoni yescromethive yeSC yakapiwa nokuda kwokukundikana kuwirirana nechikumbiro chemitemo yenguva inodikanwa, chinoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chakajeka kumasangano ose eIreland kuti iyi maruramiro haisi yokuzvidira. Nhungamiro ine udzame inowanika kubva pawebsite ye DPC nokuda kwamasangano[.

Matambudziko uye Kufunga Kwavanoita

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzayo, kuzivikanwa kwemashoko kunopa denho dzinoverengeka nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri mibato yedata namasangano muIreland. Chinyorwa chikuru ndechi table parikusimudzirwa. Kana mutungamiriri achitumira mashoko ake pachake kuboka rechitatu — zvakananga kana kuti kupfurikidza nenhau — ngozi yokubondera, kusvika kusingabvumirwi, kana kuti kuwedzera kwakaipa. Vatendi vanofanira kushandisa kunyorwa kwamashoko (zvik.g., TLS yokutumira zvakananga, uye kunyungurusa mafaira) uye kunamatira kunheyo yokurevesa mashoko maduku: maererano anodikanwa nokuda kwekupinda panzvimbo yengarava anofanira kupfuudzwa.

Ururami nokukwana [[FLT: 1] zvinoparirawo zvinetso. Kana mudzori wapakuvamba akachengeta mashoko asina kukwana kana kuti akareruka, mashoko akatakurwa angasakarurama, kuchitungamirira kuzvikanganiso mubasa rokugamuchira. Nepo mudzori asati achisungirwa kubvumikisa ururami hwemashoko asina kugoverwa nenhau yedata (g., mabhii akacherwa), anofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mashoko ayo anotumira kunze kwenyika mufananidzo wakarurama wezvinoita. Zvigaro zveDidzo zvinofanira kusanohwirudzura faira nyora pasi renhau dzinoshaidzwa nokuda kwezvikanganiso.

Kuganhurirwa kwemajeri pasi peChikamu 20 kunoreva kuti havasi vose vadzori vomunhu oga vanotakurika. Vanotora kana kuti vanotorwa — vakadai semhindu dzechikwereti, maalgorime, kana kuti zvikamu zvemaitiro — zvinobviswa. Izvi zvinogona kuvhiringidza nhau dzedata dzinoda mufananidzo wakakwana wezvinoziva pamusoro padzo. EDPB yakacherekedza kuti vadzori vanofanira kusiyanisa zvakajeka pakati pemazita anopiwa uye mashandiro avo ezvikumbiro zvinowanikwa.

Nhau dzinosashanda-pfuudzwa dzinoramba dziri mhinganidzo inoshanda. Kunyange kana mudzori akashaikwa anotumira mashoko mumugariro wakakodzera, mutarisiri anogamuchira angasava nounyanzvi hwokuapinza. GDPR haasati achiraira kuti vadzori vagamuchire mazita okuuya, asi kuti vanofanira kukurumidzira kuendesa kusingadzoreki. Commission’s Memo yeEurope’s, inogamuchirwa muna 2023, inovavarira kukurukura naro kupfurikidza nokugadza mitemo yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa, kubatanidza Indaneti yeZvinhu, asi haisati ichidzosera kukwa.

Pakupedzisira, pane ngozi ye yemikana nedzimwe kodzero. Somuenzaniso, kana nhau yedata ichikumbira kuzivikanwa kwemashoko anobatanidza mativi echitatu (g., ndaza yeonano yomumwe munhu ine nhamba dzenhare), mutungamiriri anofanira kudzikamisa maruramiro enhau nekodzero dzemativi echitatu kudzivirirwa nokuvigirwa. Muzvinoitika zvakadaro, vatarisiri vanofanira kutsvaka kubvumirana nenhengo dzechitatu kana kuti mashoko echienzi asati achinjwa.

Kukwanisa Kubata Mashoko Nedzimwe Kodzero DDPR

Kunyatsobatana kwedzimwe kodzero dzeGDPR kunofanira kunzwisiswa kuti ukama uhwu hushande zvakanaka.

Kukwanisa Kuwana (Article 15)

Kururama kwokuwana mashoko kunobvumira vanhu kuwana kopi yemashoko ose emunhu oga anobata pamusoro pawo, kubatanidza rondedzero yokushandiswa kwawo. Ikoku kwakafara kupfuura kuzivikanwa nemhaka yokuti kunofukidza mazita ose omunhu oga, kwete chete icho nhau inogoverwa, uye hakudi mamiriro emichina anooneka. Zvisinei, kana iri mashoko anenge asvika panzvimbo yaanogona kuwanikwa, mutarisiri angazadzisa zvikumbiro zvose nefaira yakagadzirwa. DPC inorumbidza kuti vadzori vagove mhinduro yokusvika munzira yakajeka neinonzwika, nepo mhinduro inoshanda inofanira kugadziriswa uye kuoneka zvakanaka kwomuchina.

Kuwana Rusununguko (Article 17)

Inozivikanwawo se “kodzero yokukanganwika,” kodzero yokubvumira kuti mashoko adzo adzimwe pasina kunonoka kudarika. Nyaya inogona kutanga kurovedza kukwanisa kuwana kopi yemashoko avo, ipapo nyorera chikumbiro chakasiyana chokuitira mvumo. Vadzori vanofanira kuita zvose zviri zviviri vazvimiririre — havagoni kuramba kuvhara nokuti chikumbiro chekupinda panze chiripo, uyewo havagoni kubvisa mashoko achiri kudiwa kuti vatamisirwe. Kubatana pakati peboka rinobata kukwanisa kubhadhara zvinhu uye kushandira chikwata chinovakwanisa kunokosha zvinokosha kudzivisa kusarwisana.

Kukwanisa Kugadzira Zvinhu (Article 21)

Kodzero yechinhu inoshanda apo kugadzirwa kwacho kunobva pafariro dzapamutemo kana kuti kushambadza kwakananga. Kushandiswa hakuwanzotapurwa nechirambidzo, asi kana zvinhu zvenhau zvenhau dzokugadzira zvakanga zvakavakirwa pabvumirano, uye kubvumira kuchibviswa, hwaro hwapamutemo hwechinjo dzokugadzira, zvimwe zvichiita kuti kukwanisa kunyorwa kuzivikanwa nokuda kwemashoko enguva yemberi. Masangano eIreland anofanira kunyora nokungwarira hwaro hwapamutemo panguva inokumbirwa kumira kumira.

Nguva Yemberi Yokushandiswa Kwemashoko muIreland

Nzvimbo yezvisakiso zvemazita iri kutenderera nokukurumidza muIreland uye muEU. Vatengi veEurope’s Data Act, iyo yakatanga kushanda muna January 2024, inosuma misengwa mitsva yeIndaneti yeZvinhu (IOT), yakadai semajeri anogadzirwa nezvigadzirwa zvapamusha zvakanaka, zvinovhara, uye motokari dzinobatanidzwa. Vatengi veIreland vachakwanisa kufambisa mashoko avo pakati pemasangano anobatsira pasina kupfupikisana, kuvhura mikana mikana mitsva yemabhizimisi, kugadziridza, uye kuvandudza.

Mukuwedzera, rondedzero yakakarakadzwa yeDialonce Governance Act neEuropean Health Data Space vavariro yokugadzira gadziriro dzakatevedzerwa nokuda kwokugoverana mashoko nokuzivikanwa muzvikamu zvakati. Nokuda kwenhau dzoutano dzeIreland, ikoku kungagona kureva zvinyorwa zvoutano zvemagetsi zvinotakurika zvinotevera kubvira paGP kuenda kuchipatara kuenda kuhwiza pasina tsinga.

Kufambira mberi kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, zvakadai sokushandiswa kwemibatanidzwa yepurogiramu yepurogiramu (API) nezvitoro zvemazita zvomunhu oga, zviri kuita kuti zvive nyore zvikuru kuvatungamiriri kuita zvikumbiro zvinongowanikwa. Mamwe makambani ezvoruzivo rwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu eIreland ari kutanga zvino “kuzivikanwa sebasa re” maplatifomu anobvumira vanoshandisa kudzora kodzero dzavo dzemashandiro emashoko nechemutsetse mumwe. DPC yave yaratidza kuti inoda zvinhu zvakadaro, chero bedzi vachichengeta kuchengeteka uye vachiwirirana nenheyo dzeGDPR.

Zvisinei, zvinetso zvinosara. Kufunga kuti kugamuchira vadzori vanogona zvomenemene kushandisa mashoko ane pachiteshi — uye kuti nhau dzemashoko hadzisati dzichiva vanyajambwa vedenho dzevhishi mukati megadziriro yacho — kuchada kubatira pamwe kunopfuurira pakati pavadzori, maindasitiri, uye nzanga yavagari vemo. EDPB inopfuurira kubudisa nhungamiro dzakagadziridzwa, uye inopiwa rondedzero yeDPC inogovera rondedzero nezvisarudzo zvenguva dzose [ zvinoumba kushanda kwechakarurama.

mhedziso

Kuzivikanwa kwemitengo inoshandiswa zvikuru panhau dzemashoko eIreland, zvichipa betsero dzinooneka maererano nekodzero dzevashandi, makwikwi emisika, uye matsva. Nokunzwisisa nheyo dzepamutemo pasi peChikamu 20 cheGDPR, nhanho dzinoshanda kushandisa kodzero, uye misengwa yemasangano, vanhu vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvine zivo pamusoro pemazita avo. Masangano eIreland, ava kutozofanira kuisa mari mumatanho ounyanzvi uye masangano anodiwa kuti agadzirise zvakanaka, nenzira isingatyiswi, uye maererano nezviririro zveDPC.

Sezvo nzvimbo dzinogadzirwa nekombiyuta dzinopfuurira kuchinja — nemitemo mitsva yakadai seData Act uye zvirongwa zvechikamu zviri pajengachenga — kukwanisa kutakura mashoko kuchangokura bedzi muukoshi.