Mitero yenhumbi inowanzorondedzerwa semari inobhadharwa nehurumende yomunzvimbomo, asi pesvedzero yayo inopfuudzira zvikuru kupfuura mari yemari yehurumende. Kuvaridzi vemisha, varendi, uye varidzi vebhizimisi zvakafanana, iyi mitero inoumba kunaka kwezvikoro, kukotsekana kwenharaunda, uye kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo dzepakachengeteka negadziriro. Kunzwisisa mitero yezvinhu hakungoregi mari inokosha yepamba chete asiwo kupa vagari vemo simba rokuita zvisarudzo zvenzanga. Muiyi nhungamiro yakawedzera, tinonzvera kuti mitero inorongwa sei, kuti vanotapura sei zvakananga mabasa enzanga, uye kuti igadziriroi dzinogona kushandiswa kudzora mutoro wavo wemitero apo vanoramba vachitonga.

Mitero Yezvinhu Chii?

Mitero yezvinhu mitsvene yemitero ine simba rakakwirira, zvinoreva kuti yakavakirwa pakukosha kwenzvimbo nenzvimbo(*) inobhadharwa zvikurukuru nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo (nyika, manisiparati, uye maruwa ezvikoro). Kusafanana nemitero yemari inotambirwa kana kuti mitero yokutengesa, iyo inochinjana nemari kana kuti kushandiswa, mitero yezvinhu inogovera rukova rwemari yakanangana nemhoteredzo yakavakwa. Iyi gadziridzo inobvumira hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kuronga bhajeti yegore rakawanda nokuda kwemibato inokosha.

Munhau, mitero yezvinhu inovambira kuAmerica inotsigirwa nemari yavanowana mumigwagwa yomunzvimbomo nemauto. Nhasi, inoramba iri manyuko makurusa emari yemari yehurumende dzomunzvimbomo muUnited States, ichiwanwa nokuda kweinopfuura 30% yemari yose yomunzvimbomo mukuwirirana ne .S. Census Bureau's Annual Survey of State and Refeme Real Public Magement . Chivako chavo chinosiyana nehurumende, nheyo yacho inowirirana: varidzi vezvinhu vanobhadhara chikamu chimwe chemari inotengwa kuti vatsigire nzanga.

Marudzi ezvinhu zvinobhadharwa mitero anobatanidza misha yokugara, zvivako zvezvokutengeserana, nzvimbo dzamabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu, nzvimbo isina chinhu, uye pane dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvomunhu oga zvakadai semotokari kana kuti michina yebhizimisi.

Maverengerwe Anoitwa Mitero Yemitero Yezvinhu

Kunzwisisa mitero yezvinhu hakungorevi kungowedzera mari inoenderana nemitero, asi kugona kubatsira varidzi vemisha kuti vaone kana vari kubhadhara mari yakawanda uye kuti vazive mikana yokuchengetedza mari.

Kukosha Kwokutengeserana Kunofungidzirwa

Vanzveri vemitero vomunzvimbomo vanosarudza ukoshi hwe hwenzvimbo, husati huri nguva dzose hwakafanana nohunokosha hwayo. Hurusarudzo zhinji dzinoshandisa reshiyo(a muzana yakatemwa yemari inotengwa (*.C.C.kusvika panhamba inoyera yemitero. Somuenzaniso, musha une mutengo wemari inokwana $300,000 (Z $80 000) ungasarudzwa pa80%, kuchiguma nomutengo unoenzaniswa we $40,000 (Z $14 000). Dzimwe nyika dzinowedzera ukoshi hwegore negore muukoshipi yemari inotesesairwa (g., Proposition's 13) kudzivirira varidzi vemisha kubva kumabhini akapinza mutero.

Mwero Wemitero Nemwero Yemitengo

Mwero wemutero unowanzoratidzirwa semwero wekugaya, umo chigadziko chimwe chinoenzana ne $1 000 pamutengo wakatemwa. Nzvimbo chaiyo yokugara ingatarisana nemwero wakabatanidzwa wemari kubva kuzviremera zvinobhadharwa zvakawanda (yakadai seruwa, ruwa rwechikoro, uye ruwa rwomwoto. Somuenzaniso, muridzi weimba muruwa ane hwerengedzo yemaaizi 35 pamutengo we $240 000 (Z $4 000) ingagona kubhadhara $240 000 (20 000) gore negore.

Mitengo yemitero inoiswa mukati memitengo yemari yomunzvimbomo, apo vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa navagari vemo vanokakavadzana nezvokupedza zvinhu zvinokosha. Tax Foundation inogovera kuenzaniswa kwemitero yezvinhu inobudirira nehurumende, ichiratidza kusiyana kukuru kubva kunenge 0.3% muHawaii kusvikira kuinopfuura 2% muNew Jersey neIllinois.

Kuzvidzwa uye Kupiwa Zvaunopiwa

Kuparadza kunoderedza chikamu chinobhadharwa chenhumbi. Kurega kubhadharwa kunobatanidza:

  • Homestead Expection:[[FL:1] Anowanika kudzimba huru dzinoshanda muridzi, kuchideredza ukoshi hwemari inotemwa nechitsama chakatarwa chedhora (sumo $25 000 muTexas).
  • [[[FT:0] Chisaririra: Kuderedzwa kwezera, kazhinji kazhinji ukoshi hwemari.
  • [[FFL:0] `Ikusunungura: nokuda kwavagara kwenguva refu vakaremara kana kuti vakwanyina vachiri vapenyu.
  • [[[FL:0] Rima neNzanga: nokuda kwevhu rinoshandiswa mukurima kana kuti nzvimbo yakachengetwa.

Dzimwe nyika dzinopawo zvikwereti zvezvikwereti zvedunhu zvinoganhurira chiverengero chemari inobhadharwa kumari inotambirwa yakaderera neinoringana. Kushandisa nokuda kweiyi misha kugona kuderedza zvikuru zvikwereti zvemitero, asi varidzi vemisha vazhinji vakakodzera vanorasikirwa nazvo nemhaka yokusaziva.

Nzira yacho inogona kupfupikiswa se:

Mutero weProperty Tax = (Assess Ratiation) – Kusunungurwa × Millage Rate / 1000

Maererano nomushumo wa2023 wakaitwa neLincoln Institute of Land Policy, zvirongwa zvokuyamura zvinhu nokuda kwevaridzi vedzimba vakaderera vanopiwa mari mudzimba 36, asi mwero yokutora rutivi inoramba iri pasi pe50 muzana mumativi akawanda.

Kubatsira Kunoita Mitero Yezvinhu Pamasangano Enzanga

Mitero yepfuma ndiyo chinhu chinokosha chamabasa omunzvimbomo. Nzvimbo dzinotevera dzinotsamira zvikuru paiyi mari:

Dzidzo

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mari inofukidza mitero yavadzidzi, mabhuku, mapepa, .

Kuchengeteka Kwevanhu Vose

Mapurisa nedhipatimendi rokudzima moto, masangano ezvokurapa, uye 911 nzvimbo dzinotumirwa tsamba dzinobhadharwa nenzvimbo dzinoda kubhadharwa. Mari yemitero yemotokari dzinorinda, zviteshi zvemoto, zvivako zvokurovedza, uye mitero yokutanga. Masangano ane zviteshi zvemitero zvakakwirira anogona kuchengeta nguva dzokupindura nokukurumidza uye midziyo iri nani, nepo avo vane mipimo inoderera vangarwisa kuchengeta mabasa pamwero yakakotsekana.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu uye Zvekufambisa

Migwagwa, mabhiriji, nzira dzomumugwagwa, magetsi emigwagwa, uye gadziriro dzemvura dzinotsamira pamari yemitero yenzvimbo nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri kuvakwa. Somuenzaniso, nyika ingapa zvisungo zvinotsigirwa nemitero yenzvimbo yomunguva yemberi kuvaka tsinhano itsva, kuparadzira ndyiko yacho kwamakumi amakore. Masangano anotsigisa anowanawo tsigiro yemitero munzvimbo dzakawanda.

Mapaki, Maraibhurari, uye Nhandaro

Mapaki avose, nzvimbo dzenzanga, madziva okushambira, uye maraibhurari kazhinji kazhinji zvinotsamira pamitero yezvitoro zvakatsaurirwa. Voter vangabvumira mwero wechisungo unowedzera mitero nokuda kwedonzo rakati, zvakadai sokuvandudza nzvimbo dzokutambira kana kuti kuvaka bazi idzva reraibhurari. Izvi zvinhu hazvisi kungowedzera bedzi kunaka kwoupenyu asiwo kusimudzira mipimo yezvinhu iri pedyo.

Mamwe Mabasa Anokosha

Mitero yezvinhu inoshandiswawo mumadhipatimendi outano, kudzora umhutu, kurasa tsvina, uye mapurogiramu evakwegura nevechiduku.

Basa Remitero Yezvinhu Mukutonga Kwenharaunda

Sezvo vakuru vakuru vemo vachifanira kuisa mwero wemitero uye mari inobvumirwa, vabhadhari vane muganhu wakananga wokushandiswa kwemari yavo.

Muitiro Webhajeti

Gore rimwe nerimwe, vashandi vehurumende yomunharaunda yacho vanogadzirira mabhajeti anokarakadzwa ayo anokarirwa mari yomutero wezvinhu nendyiko dzinorongwa. Zvikarakadzo izvi zvinodzokororwa nematare akasarudzwa, mabhodhi, kana kuti masangano mukati memisangano yavose. Vagari vanogona kutaura nokuda kana kuti kupesana newedzero yemitero inokarakadza kuchinjika chaikoiko, kana kuti kuraira kujeka kukuru. Masimba mazhinji anodikanwa nomutemo kuti achengetedze mutero wechokwadi vasati vakwidza mwero.

Mikana Yokushandisa Mugari Wemo

Vateresi vezvinhu vanogona kupesvedzera kudzora kwomunzvimbomo kupfurikidza nemikoto inoverengeka:

  • bhajeti yakarongwa inonzwa: Iyi mirangariro ndiyo apo rabha inosangana nomugwagwa wacho(vatungamiriri) vanogona kubvunza chikonzero nei basa rokugadzirazve mugwagwa rakanonotswa kana kuti kana mari yakawanda ingagona kutungamirirwa kumapurogiramu echikoro.
  • Kuvhota muzvisarudzo zvomunzvimbomo: Mitezo yeboka reChikoro, vakuru vakuru veguta, uye vakuru vakuru veruwa vanoita zvisarudzo zvikuru pamwero yemitero yezvinhu uye mari inoshandiswa. Turnout musarudzo dzomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji yakaderera, kuchipa vavhoti vakaziviswa tapuro yapamhidzwa.
  • Kubatira pamapurazi namasangano:[[FL:1] mabhodhi okuronga, matare ezvemari, uye mapurai ezvokuvaka anobvumira vagari kuronga zvakananga mashandisirwe amadhora omutero.
  • Kupa goverano muzvisungo: Zvirongwa zvikuru zvinowanzoda mvumo yomuvhoti nokuda kwenhau dzechisungo idzo dzinowedzera mitero yezvinhu. Idzi madherendi anopa nzanga chirevo mukutengwa kwemari kwenguva refu.

Kujeka Nokuzvidavirira

Dzimwe nyika dzinoda kuti hurumende dzemo dzibudise zviziviso zvakajeka zvemari inoshandiswa. National Association of Counies inoita mabasa akanakisisa nokuda kwemabudiro eIndaneti okuona zvinhu, ichibatsira vagari vemo kuona kuti mari yemari inoendepi chaiyo.

Matambudziko Aibatanidzwa Nemitero Yezvinhu

Pasinei nokuti mitero yezvinhu inovabatsira sei, inogona kunetsa varidzi vedzimba nenzanga, kunyanya kana misika yedzimba yachinja kana kuti kusaenzana kweupfumi pakwakawedzera.

Kunaka uye Mutoro Wemutero

Mitengo yapamusha inokwira inogona kukwidza mitero yezvinhu kupfuura iyo varidzi vemisha vanogona kubhadhara. Mumisika inodzorwa nokukurumidza, wedzero yemitero yegore negore ingapfuura kukura kwemari inowanwa. Ikoku kwakakomba zvikuru nokuda kwavagari vakwegura vane misha yavo yakasununguka neyakajeka asi inotarisana nemari inokwira. Dzimwe nyika dzinotaura ikoku kupfurikidza namapurogiramu emitero kana kuti zvikwereti zvedunhu, asi hazvisi zviremera zvose zvinopa rusununguko rwakadaro.

Kusasarura Nokukanganisa

Mitero yenhumbi inowanzotsoropodzwa seyakadzokororwa nemhaka yokuti mhuri dzinowana mari yakaderera dzinopedzera chikamu chikuru chemari yadzo padzimba uye naizvozvo pamitero yenzvimbo. Vatambe, nepo vasingaripi mitero yenzvimbo zvakananga, vanotakura ndyiko kupfurikidza nerendi yakakwirira. Pasina kusunungurwa kwakakwana, varidzi vemisha inotambirwa mari yakaderera vangamanikidzirwa kutengesa misha yavo (* tsaona pane dzimwe nguva inonzi "University - traced relived tration").

Nzvero ya 2022 yakaitwa neUrban Institute yakawana kuti munharaunda dzakawanda dzemetro, mwero unobudirira wemitero yezvinhu pamisha inorangarirwa kuva pasi peUS $50 000 wakanga wakakwirira nekane 1,5 kupfuura pamisha yaikosheswa kupfuura $50 000, nemhaka yekepisi dzokunzvera dzakaderera nokuda kwezvinhu zvine ukoshi hwakakwirira.

Kufara Kwezviteshi

Munguva dzekuderera kwemari, mipimo yepfuma ingaderera, kuchideredza kudikanwa kwemitero nepo kudikanwa kwemabasa avose (sebetsero yourovha kana kuti mabhangi ezvokudya). Iyi masimba asingawirirani ehurumende dzomunzvimbomo kuderedza mabasa kana kuti zvimwe kukwidza mwero yemitero, zvimwe kugona kupedza nhamo nokuda kwavagari vemo. Muzvinoitika zvakanyanyisa, vatengi venzvimbo dzezvikwereti vanogona kuderedza dzimbahwe remitero, zvichitungamirira kukuderera kwakaderera kwebasa nokurasikirwa kwavagari vemo.

Kukanganisa Nokukwezva

Kunzvera zvinhu nguva dzose hakuna kururama. Kunzvera 2021 kunoitwa ne [FT:0] Shashington Post kwakawana kuti inopfuura 10% yenzvero dzemitero mumamita mizhinji yakava nemhosho dzinopfuura 20% youkoshi hwakarurama. Kuwana kwakaderera nenharaunda duku zvikuru kunopfuura kunzvera, maererano nokunzvera kunobva ku [FLT] LINCOLLT Institute of Land Policy[. Varidzi vemisha vanokundikana kubhadhara zviuru zvamaidiro.

Kutarisira Mitero Yezvinhu

Kuva vasingaiti basa kunogona kubatsira varidzi vemisha kuderedza mutoro wavo womutero uye kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvinodhura.

Nzwisisa Zvaunofunga

Dzokorora shoo yenzvimbo yako inocherekedza gore rimwe nerimwe. Cherekedza kuti mavara enzvimbo (kufamba kwapakarepo, nhamba yedzimba dzokurara, ukuru hwakawanda) akarurama. Tsitsi dzokutengesa dzakaenzana dzinofanira kuva dzinobva kuhofisi yako yenzvero kana kuti paIndaneti. Kana ukaona zvikanganiso, mafaira mazhinji ane windo duku pashure pokunge chiziviso chatumirwa.

Shandisa Nokuda Kwekusunungurwa Kwose

Shanyira website yomutengi wemitero yenyika yako kuti uwane kuti ndeipi yaunosainira kusunungurwa. Varidzi vemisha vazhinji vanopotsa nzvimbo yemusha nemhaka bedzi yokuti havana kuzadza kumbiriso yokutanga. Vakuru, varwi, uye vanhu vakaremara vanofanira kunzvera zvikuru gadziriro dzinowanika. Dzimwe nyika dzinopawo kugadzirira mitero kwapachena nebetsero inotengwa nokuda kwavakura vanowana mari yakaderera.

Kuongorora Kuchinja Kunoita Mitero Mumutemo Womunzvimbomo

Kupinda kana kuti kutarira zvakarekodhwa zvemitero yeruwa nemisangano yechikoro. Zvirongwa zvokuwedzera mwero wekugaya kana kuti kubudisa zvisungo zvitsva zvichacherechedzwa pachena. Nokugara uchiziviswa, unogona kutaura chishoro kunzendo dzemitero dzisingadzoreki kana kuti kutsigira kuchengetesa mari uko kunovandudza mipimo yepfuma.

Funga Nezvegadziriro Yokubhadhara Mutero Wezvinhu

Kana muripo webundu wakaoma, mibhadharo yakawanda inogovera zvirongwa zvegore rimwe nerimwe kana kuti mwedzi nomwedzi. Vamwe vanobvumira kubhadhara kupfurikidza namaakaundi echikwereti anoshandiswa navakweretesi vechikwereti, kuparadzira ndyiko inopfuura mwedzi 12. Chirango chapashure chinogona kuwedzera nokukurumidza, naizvozvo dzivisa kurasika kwemisi.

Nzvera Gadziriro Dzokuparadza Mutero

Kune varidzi vemisha vanopfuura 65 kana kuti avo vane urema, dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira mitero yemari kunonotswa kusvikira musha watengeswa. Nepo ikoku kusingabvisi mutero, kunogona kuderedza dzvinyiriro dzokufamba kwemari.

Masangano Enharaunda Muzvivako Zvemitero

Mitero yezvinhu inosiyana zvikuru munyika dzose.

  • California kepis dzinowedzera pa 2% pasi peProcesition 13, asi kuyerazve kumutengo wakazara padzinotengeswa. Ikoku kunoparira kusawirirana pakati pavaridzi venguva refu navatengi vatsva.
  • haina mutero wemari yehurumende, naizvozvo mitero yenzvimbo yakakwirira(kazhinji kazhinji inopfuura 2% yemari yomusika. Zvikoro zvinotsamira zvikuru pamitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, zvichitungamirira kumisiano mikuru yemari pakati pamaruwa akapfuma nearombo.
  • Massachusetts anoshandisa "Project 22/2" mutemo unoganhurira hwerengedzo yelevy kuwedzera kusvika ku 2,5% pagore kugovera kufanoziviswa.
  • New York ine gadziriro dzokunzvera dzakaoma kunzwisisa umo dzimwe nyika dzinorangarirazve gore negore nepo dzimwe dzichidaro bedzi apo chinhu chinotengeswa.

Iyi misiyano inoreva kuti varidzi vemisha vari kufamba vachigura mitsetse yehurumende vanofanira kunzvera mitoro yemitero yomunzvimbomo nokungwarira. ZVITATISYO zveISHUWASTATIS of Infice zvinogovera mashoko enhau pamusoro pemari inobviswa yemitero yezvinhu yakataurwa nehurumende, zvichipa kuenzanisa kwakashata kwemitoro.

Kuda Kubhadhara Zvinhu Munguva Yemberi

Miitiro inoverengeka iri kumuka ingagona kutsanangurazve kuti mitero yenzvimbo inoshanda sei mumakore gumi ari kuuya:

Zvishandiso Zvokuongorora Nezvokushandisa

Vanzveri vazhinji zvino vanoshandisa gadziriro dzekunzvera vanhu vazhinji dzinoyamurwa nekombiyuta (CAMA) nemienzaniso yeAI-drive kuyera mipimo yezvinhu zvakarurama zvikuru. Ikoku kungaderedza zvikanganiso asiwo kungamutsa funganyo pamusoro pekujeka nerusaruro mumaatmostic.

Vanotanga Kubhadhara Mitero Yezvinhu

Kepisi dzemitero dzakatenderwa dzapararira mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, dzichiganhurira kukura kwemari yegore negore (muchib., Colorado’s TABOR, Oregon's Esage 50). Nepo kepisi dzichigovera kufanofanotaurwa, dzinogona kumanikidza kutsigira mari nokuda kwenzanga dzinokura, dzichimanikidzira kuvimba nemitero kana kuti yamuro yehurumende.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze Nengozi Yenzvimbo

Sezvo mafashamo, mirazvo inopisa, uye dutu zvinotyisidzira, mipimo yezvinhu munharaunda dzakakwirira ingaderera, kuchideredza nzvimbo yomutero. Nenzira yakapesana, nzvimbo dzakakotsekana dzingawana kuonga. Mamwe masipala ari kutsvaka zvisungo zvokuzvidzora kana kuti mitoo yemamiriro okunze yakagadziriswa.

Kushandisa Zvirongwa Zvechikoro Zvokufunga

Matare akadai seTexas neNew Jersey akarayira kuti kuchinjwa kwemari kuitwe kuti ive mari shoma, asi kuchinja kushoma. Kuchinja mune ramangwana kungasanganisira kuwedzera mari kana kuti kutsigirana kwemitero kwenharaunda.

mhedziso

Mitero yezvinhu inopfuura zvikuru chinhu chemitsetse papepa rechikwereti chemari chepanzvimbo dzinowanika nzanga. Kuvambira pakirasi kusvikira kuchiteshi chomwoto, kubvira pabhenji repapaki kusvikira kuboka rezvigadziko zvemakomba, mitero yezvinhu inobata rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kuti iyi mitero inovara sei, kuti vanodzora sei mabasa enzanga, uye kuti maturusi api anowanika kuti atarisire, vagari vemo vanogona kuziviswa nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri garikano yavo vamene yemari uye utano hwakafara hwenharaunda dzavo.

Kubatanidzwa pamwero womunzvimbomo — kupfurikidza nokuvhota, kupinda misangano, kana kuti kubatira pamapuranga − zvinopa mitero yenzvimbo kuti mitemo yemitero inoratidzira zvokutanga zvenzanga. Munhambo yokukwira kwendyiko yedzimba nokusaenzana kwakawedzera, kuva muteresi wezvinhu akadzidza hakusati kuri bedzi kudikanwa kwemari; iko iko kunokosha kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yemunzvimbomo inobudirira.