Mitero yezvinhu chinhu chinonyanya kushandiswa nemari yehurumende muUnited States. Vanotsigira zvikoro, migwagwa, mabasa ekurumidziro, uye mapaka anorondedzera upenyu hwakanaka munzanga iri yose. Asi kune varidzi vedzimba vakawanda nevarendi vedzimba zvakafanana, mitero yezvinhu inoramba iri chimwe chezvinhu zvisinganyatsonzwisiswi nemari yavanobhadhara. Iyi nhungamiro inogovera tsananguro yakakwana, inoshanda yemashandiro anoita mitero, kuti vaverengei, nei vane basa, uye kuti vangaitai kuti vaitarisire zvakanaka. Kana uri muridzi wedzimba dzokugara, muridzi wenguva refu, kana kuti mugari wemo anofarira kuti mari yako inopedzerwa sei, kunzwisisa mitero yezvitoro zvinokubatsira kuita kuti uite zvakanaka nemari uye zvisarudzo zvakanaka.

Mitero Yezvinhu Chii?

Mitero yenhumbi mirefu mirefu mirefu yemitero yenzvimbo inoreva kuti “maererano noukoshi”. Inodzorwa zvikurukuru nenzvimbo dzinoverengwa, manisiparati, maruwa ezvikoro, uye maruwa chaiwo anotera panzvimbo pehurumende dzehurumende kana kuti dzehurumende. Mari inopa mari yemabasa anokosha omunzvimbomo anotapura zvakananga upenyu hwevagari vemo, kubva kumigove yekirasi kusvikira kukugadzira zvitoro.

Chiremera chapamutemo chemitero yezvinhu chinosiana nehurumende asi kazhinji kazhinji chinobva mubumbiro remitemo rehurumende. Vanzveri vomunzvimbomo vanoyera mavara ndokusarudza mipimo inobhadharwa, nepo mwero yemitero inogadzwa namasangano akasarudzwa, matare eguta, uye vakuru vakuru veruwa mukati memiitiro yemari yegore negore. Iyi tsika yakaisvonaka inoreva mwero yemitero yezvinhu uye mitemo inogona kusiana zvikuru kunyange pakati penzanga dziri pedyo.

Mitero yezvinhu inoshanda kunzvimbo uye zvivako zvipi nezvipi zvechigarire zvakabatanidzwa pairi, zvakadai sedzimba, zvivako zvefurati, mahofisi ezvokutengeserana, uye nzvimbo dzeindasitiri.

Maverengerwe Anoitwa Mitero Yemitero Yezvinhu

Kuronga mitero yezvinhu kunosanganisira zvinhu zvitatu zvinoyera: ukoshi hwemari yakatarwa, mwero wemitero (inowanzotaurwa semwero wokukwidza), uye kubvisa kupi nokupi kunodiwa kana kuti makepisi.

[ Mutero weTsvene = (Kukosha – Kusunungurwa) x Chikero cheTakisi[

Heino nzvero yokusanorangarira chikamu chimwe nechimwe:

Kukosha Kwacho

Ukoshi hwakaongororwa imari inogoverwa kunzvimbo nemutengi wemitero womunzvimbomo. Inowanzova peshi muzana yemari yenzvimbo inotengeswa, inozivikanwa seyechinoyera. Somuenzaniso, kana mari yenzvimbo iri $30,000 000 000 uye reshiyo yenhamba yemari iri 80%, ukoshi hwakaongororwa hungava $240 000. Dzimwe nyika dzinoyera pa 100% yomutengo wemisika; dzimwe dzinoshandisa mwero yakaderera. Vagadzirisi vezvinhu vanochinja nguva nenguva, kazhinji kazhinji kacho makore mashanu, kuratidza kuchinja mumisika chaiyo.

Mwero Wemitero Nemwero Wezvikamu

Mwero wemitero inosvika mari yomutero inobhadharwa pamutengo wemadhora. Inowanzoratidzwa muzvigayo, uko chigadziko chimwe chinoenzana ne $1,000 pamutengo wemari yakatemwa. Somuenzaniso, mwero wemitero ye 10 yezvigayo unoreva zvinhu zvine ukoshi hwe $200,000 (Z $2 000 000) pamitero yezvinhu (200 × 10). Hurumende dzemo dzinoronga mwero wegore negore wakavakirwa pakuronga mari. Mwero iyi inogona kusiana zvakafara: nyika yomumaruwa ingava nemwero wemabhiriyo ye15, nepo nzvimbo yakapfuma yomumusha ingagona kupfuudza mabhiri 30 emabhiri okupfuudza kana kuti kuti kuti chikoro, uye kubhadharwa kworuwa.

Kusunungurwa uye Matapa

Nyika dzakawanda dzinopa kusunungurwa kunoderedza ukoshi hwenzvimbo hunobhadharwa. Kusapinda mumitero kunowanzoitwa kunosanganisira:

  • Kurega kupinda pamusha: Kuderedza ukoshi hunobhadharwa nokuda kwedzimba dzokugara dzapakuvamba dzinobatirwa namuridzi.
  • [ Mugari wemo kana kuti munhu akaremara anorega kubuda: Govera ruyamuro rwokuwedzera nokuda kwavanhu vakakwaniriswa.
  • [[FOL:0] Vetestans dzinoregwa: Dzinowanika kuvarwiri navavakaroorana navo vakasara munyika dzakawanda.
  • Kusashandiswa kwemari kana kuti kuchengetedza: Kunzvera kwakaderera nokuda kwenzvimbo inoshandiswa nokuda kwamadonzo okurima kana kuti kuchengetedza.

Mamwe matare anoisawo zvikepisi zvinoganhurira uko uko ukoshi hwenzvimbo hunoyerwa hunogona kuwedzera gore rimwe nerimwe, pasinei zvapo nokuonga kwomusika. Proposition 13 yeCalifornia muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikurusa, ichiwedzera wedzero dzegore negore pa2% kutozosvikira nzvimbo yacho yatengeswa.

Kuverenga Mienzaniso: Zvikamu Zviviri

Kuti uone kuti zvinhu izvi zvinobatana sei, funga nezvezviitiko zvinotevera:

Scenario A: Muridzi weimba muTexas ane imba ine mari inotengeswa ye $250 000. Nhamba yenhamba yacho i 100%, saka mari yakatengwa = $500,000. Mwero wemitero yomunzvimbomo i 25 (2,5%). Kune $40 000 000 kusiiwa kwemisha. Zuro: $250 000 – $40 000) × 0.

Scenario B: Nzvimbo yezvokutengeserana muIllinois ine ukoshi hwe $1 000 000. Chiverengero chenhamba yenzvimbo yebhizimisi iri 333%, yakaenzana = $333,3333%. Mwero wemitero wakabatanidzwa (yavasanosvika + + chikoro) i 60 ebhuroka, kana kuti 6%. Hapana kuhesvura. Zuro: $333,333 × 6% = $20 000 000 pagore.

Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza kuti nhamba dzokuongorora, kuhesvura, uye mwero yemitero yomunzvimbomo zvinotapura sei zvikuru zvikwereti zvemitero yokupedzisira.vari vezvinhu vanofanira kusimbisa nhamba dzose nhatu pamashoko avo omutero egore negore ndokunzwisisa kuti mumwe nomumwe anosarudzwa sei.

Kukosha Kwemitero Yezvinhu

Mitero yemitero yezvinhu ndiwo manyuko makuru emari yehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, mabasa okupa mari ayo anoumba zvakananga garikano. Pasina mutero wemari yakavimbika, vazhinji vavagari vemo vanorerutsa vaizotarisana nokusarerutswa kana kuti kubviswa. Hekuno kuputsika kwenzira iyo madhora emitero yezvinhu anogoverwa nayo chaizvoizvo:

  • Dzidzo yePublic: Anenge 35-50% yemari yemari yemari yomunzvimbo yomunzvimbomo yemari yemari yemari yeK-12, kubatanidza miripo yomudzidzisi, zvinhu zvekirasi, kugadziriswa, uye zvokufambisa. Munzvimbo zhinji, mitero yezvinhu ndiyo musimboti wemari yechikoro, namaruwa akapfuma zvikuru anokwanisa kusimudzira yakawanda pamusha womudzidzi kupfuura ayo ane urombo.
  • Kukotsekana kwePublic: Madhipatimendi amapurisa, mabasa okudzima moto, mabasa ekurumidziro, uye 911 anotumira nguva dzose mari yemari yemitero yenhumbi. Iyi mari inotapura zvakananga nguva dzemhinduro, zvishandiso, uye mwero yavashandi.
  • Kugadzira mugwagwa nechokufambisa: Chiedza chomugwagwa, kugadziridza nzira, mabhiriji, uye gadziriro dzokufambisa vanhu zvinotsigirwa zvikuru nemitero yenzvimbo. Zvirongwa izvi zvinoda mari yakadzikama, yenhambo refu iyo mitero yenzvimbo inogovera.
  • Mapark, maraibhurari, uye mabasa omunzanga:[[FL:1] mapaka emunzvimbomo, nzvimbo dzenhandaro, maraibhurari avose, nzvimbo dzapamusoro, uye nzvimbo dzetsika zvinotsamira pamitero yenzvimbo. Izvi zvinovandudza kunaka kwoupenyu nemipimo yezvinhu.
  • Vatarisiri vehurumende namamwe mabasa:[[FLT: 1] Kuronga nokuronga, kuchengetwa kwebumbiro remitemo, matare emanisiparati, utsanana, uye ndyiko dzokutarisira zvinowanzopedza mari yemari yemitero yezvinhu yasara.

Sezvo zvinhu zviine mari yakawanda, mitero yezvinhu inoita kuti munhu azive kuti inowanikwa sei kana zvichienzaniswa nemitero yemari inotengeswa kana kuti yemari inobhadharwa, inochinja - chinja nemamiriro ezveupfumi.

Kubatsira Kunoita Vagari Vemo Mitero Yezvinhu

Kunzwisisa mitero yezvinhu kunobatsira vanhu kuti vasarudze zvemari uye kuti vagarisane nevanhu.

Mitengo Yomuridzi Wemba

Nokuda kwavaridzi vedzimba, mitero yezvinhu inomirira mari inodzokororwa, mari inokosha yakaenzana nemwedzi inoverengeka yemari yechikwereti pagore. Mitero yemari yakawanda inogona kuderedza mari, zvikurukuru kuvatengi vemari venguva yokutanga pamari yakagadziriswa. Pakutenga musha, vatengi vanofanira nguva dzose kuisa chekuita nemitero inofungidzirwa gore negore, iyo inowanika pachena kubva panzvimbo dzepawebsite dzenyika inoongorora. Kukundikana kubhadharwa kwemitero yemari yakawanda kunogona kutungamirira kunhamo yemari kana kuti chitambudzo chokutengesa musha gare gare gare.

Kutapura Dzimba Dzemazino

Vatengi havaendi mitero yenzvimbo zvakananga, asi varidzi vedzimba vanopfuudza mari yacho nerendi yakakwirira. Mumisika mizhinji, mitero yenzvimbo inogona kuva ne 10-20% yemari yokurenda yomwedzi nomwedzi. Naizvozvo, kuchinja kwemitero yenzvimbo nenzira isina kunanga kunotapura kubhadharwa kwemari, zvikurukuru mumatunhu ane chiverengero chamajere.

Mipimo Yezvinhu

Mitero yenhumbi inopesvedzera mipimo yezvivako nenzvimbo munzira mbiri. Chokutanga, mabasa avose akasanosanotsaurwa (zvikoro zvakaisvonaka, nharaunda dzakakotsekana, migwagwa yakanaka) inowanzowedzera mipimo yezvinhu. Chechipiri, mitoro yemitero yakawandisa kana kuti isina kudzorwa zvakanaka inogona kuodza mwoyo nemhaka yokuti vatengi vanoparira ndyiko yegore negore. Fundo dzeEmpirea dzakaratidza kuti wedzero 1% mumwero yemitero yezvinhu yakabatanidzwa nemipimo yemusha, zvose zvakaenzana.

Kusasarura Nemutoro

Mitero yenhumbi inowanzotsoropodzwa seyakadzosera nemhaka yokuti mutoro wemitero unowira nenzira isingaenzaniswi padzimba dzinowanwa mari yakaderera, idzo dzinopedzera chikamu chikuru chemari yadzo padzimba. Nyika zhinji dzinotaura nezvayo nepurogiramu dzetunhu dzinogovera chikwereti kuvaridzi vemari inotambirwa kana kuti varendi vakaderera. Kunzwisisa aya mapurogiramu anokosha kuti vagari vatapurwe vawane nyaradzo.

Boka Remhomho Neushamwari

Kunzvera kunokurumidza kukwira kunogona kumanikidza varidzi vemisha vagara kwenguva refu, -- kunyanya vakura pamari inotarwa yakarongwa(*kutengesa misha yavo kana kuti kutamira kunharaunda dzakachipa. Uku kubviswa kwenzvimbo kunodzongonyedza nzanga uye kunoputsa zvisungo zvenzanga. Gadziriro dzeMitero, dzinowanika mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzinobvumira varidzi vemisha vakura kunonotsa kubhadhara mitero kusvikira nzvimbo yatengwa kana kuti yagarwa nhaka, kuvabatsira kuramba vari mumisha yavo.

Kunzwisisa Mitero

Kuyera mutengo ibwe remitero yenzvimbo, sezvo vanosarudza ukoshi pahwakavakirwa mitero. Kunzvera kwakarurama uye kwakarurama kunovimbisa kuti mitoro yemitero yenhumbi inoparadzirwa nenzira inowirirana. Heino nzira iyo muitiro wokunzvera unoshanda nayo uye izvo varidzi vezvinhu vanofanira kuziva.

Kuongorora Nzira Dzokushandisa

Vaongorori vanofanira kukoshesa panhambo nenhambo zvinhu zvose kuti zvivambirane nechinjo dzomusika. Mativi mazhinjisa anonzverazve makore ari ose kusvikira kumashanu, kunyange zvazvo mamwe achishandisa hwirudzurozve dzegore negore. Mitoo mitatu mikuru yokunzvera ndeiyi:

  • Saless kuenzanisa: Mutoo unozivikanwa zvikurusa wenzvimbo dzinogarwa. Munzveri anoenzanisa nzvimbo nezvinotengeswa misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvinhu zvakafanana uye kugadziridza nokuda kwemisiyano muukuru, mugariro, nzvimbo, uye mativi.
  • Kusvika kwaparefu: inoshandiswa nokuda kwezvinhu zvitsva. Munzveri anofungidzira ndyiko kuvakazve chivako (kuderera kwemichero) pamwe nokukosha kwenyika.
  • [[FT:0] Mari inoshandiswa nokuda kwezvinhu zvokurenda nezvokutengeserana. Munzveri anoshandisa mari yenhumbi kuti awane ukoshi.

Vaongorori vazhinji vanoshandisawo gadziriro dzekuyera zvinhu zvinofambiswa nekombiyuta (CAMA) kuti vatange kuyera ukoshi hwokutanga, vobva vazvinatsa nenzvero dzemitengo yebhizimisi. Varidzi vezvinhu vanofanira kunzvera zviziviso zvavo nokungwarira kutenderera kumwe nokumwe. Zvikanganiso (zvakadai sezvisakaenzana kumativi mana, nhamba dzedzimba dzokurara, kana kuti ukuru hwezvikero) zvinotungamirira kukunzvera kwokuwedzera.

Kufadza Kuongorora Kwako

Kana uchidavira kuti zvinhu zvako zvinokosha zvikuru, une kodzero yokukwidza.

  1. Kuongorora mashoko akanyorwa uye kuunganidza uchapupu (hunotengeswa, mifananidzo yenzvimbo, mushumo wokuongorora).
  2. Kukumbira nguva nenguva (kazhinji 30-90 kubva pamusi weziviso).
  3. Kupinda kutongwa kusina kurongwa nehofisi yomuongorori kana kuti kutongwa kwepamutemo pamberi pedare rokuenzana.
  4. Kana zvakakodzera, kumbirazve kudare rehurumende rezvemitero kana kuti kubhadharwa kwemhosva.

Kukumbira kunobudirira kunogona kuderedza mabhiri emitero kwamakore, naizvozvo kwakafanira nhamburiko kana une ufakazi hwakasimba. Mawebsite akawanda omunzvimbomo anonzvera anopa mirayiridzo ine udzame nemashoko akaenzana okutengesa kubetsera varidzi vezvinhu kugadzirira nhau yavo. IRS inopawo nhungamiro pamusoro pokubvisa mitero yezvinhu pamitero yehurumende [, uko kunoshanda pakurangarira ndyiko yemitero pashure pemari yapamutemo.

Mirangariro Isina Kururama Yakakurumbira Pamusoro Pemitero Yezvinhu

Pasinei zvapo nokusasarura kwayo, mitero yezvinhu yakapoteredzwa nengano dzinogona kutungamirira kuzvisarudzo zvakashata zvemari kana kuti kunetseka zvisiri madikanwa.Hedzino dzimwe dzemirangariro isina kururama yakapararira zvikurusa, yakajekeswa, yakajekeswa:

  • “Mitero yose yezvinhu yakafanana. Chaizvoizvo, mwero nemirau zvinosiana zvikuru munzvimbo, kunyange mukati meruwa rumwe chete. Imba muruwa rumwe ingabhadhara mari yakapetwa kaviri kupfuura imba yakafanana mhiri kwomugwagwa muruwa rwakasiana. Nguva dzose nzvera mwero yomunzvimbomo, kwete avhareji yoruwa.
  • “ Mitero inobhadharwa yose yomunzvimbomo. Mitero yemari ichiri manyuko makuru emari, ivo vanowanzofukidza 30-60% yemari yomuno. Mitero, mitero yemari, mitero yousenyera (jere., mari yemvura, mvumo), uye mari yehurumende yemipiro inoitawo zvikuru. Mitero yebasa inogona kuitika kunyange apo mitero yemitero yemari inochengetwa.
  • “ Mitero yePropertive inogadzwa kamwe.” Mitemo yakatsaurwa nemitengo inogona kuchinja gore negore. Kuwedzera kwebhangi, mipimo mitsva, uye kunzverazve zvose zvinotapura zvikwereti zvokupedzisira. Mitero yenzvimbo haiwirirani; inogadziridza nezvisarudzo zvomunzvimbomo nemigariro yemisika.
  • “ Vatendi havabhadhari mitero yenhumbi. Sezvacherechedzwa, vagari vemo vanobatanidza ndyiko dzemitero murendi. Munharaunda dzakakwirira, chikamu chinokosha cherendi chemwedzi nomwedzi chinofukidza mutero wenzvimbo. Vatengi vanotakura mutoro usina kunanga asi chaiwoiwo.
  • “ Kunzvera kwako kwakaoma zvikuru uye hakuwanzoshandi.” Varidzi vemisha vazhinji vanoderedza nenzira inobudirira zviwanwa zvavo kupfurikidza nokupa ufakazi hwakajeka hwemhosho kana kuti kutengeswa kwakaenzana. Vatengi vemitengo havawanzodisa kururamisa zvikanganiso zvavafundisi pasina kunzwika. Nhamburiko inogona kuparira mari yakawanda inochengetwa kwenguva refu.

Kutarisira Mitero Yezvinhu

Nepo mitero yezvinhu isingadzivisiki kuvaridzi vezvinhu, pane nhano dzinopfuurira dzokutarisira mutoro wako ndokudzivisa zvishamiso zvisingafadzi. Rangarira gadziriro dzinotevera:

  • Gara uchiziva nezvemabhajeti omunzvimbomo: Iva pamisangano yehoro yetaundi kana kuti rava zvikarakadzo zvemari yemari yehurumende yomunzvimbomo. Mwero yemitero inoiswa mukati menhambo yegore negore. Kuziva muitiro wacho kunokubvumira kutaura mirangariro apo mavhoti asati aitika. National Association of Realters inogovera zviwiro panhau dzomutero dzomunzvimbomo[ inogona kukubetsera kuramba uripo.
  • Ratidza chiziviso chako chegore negore: Enzanisa ukoshi hwako hwemitengo neshoo yazvino uno yemitengo yakaenzana. Mawebsite akawanda anonzvera anobudisa mapepa okutengesa. Kupesana kweFragi kusati kwakurumidza kupfuura nguva yokukumbira.
  • Sarudza kusada kunyoreswa kwose kuripo: Kusanzvera uko ungakwaniriswa nokuda kwako (musha wekare, mukuru, akaremara, urema, zvinhu zvokurima, zvenhau. Rovedza kana kwakakodzera; kumwe kuhesvura kunoda shefu yenguva imwe, nepo kumwe kuri kwegore negore.
  • Funga nezvegadziriro yomutero kana kuti mutengo: Vakweretesi vazhinji vanoda mitero yezvinhu kuti ibhadharwe muakaundi yemari pamwe chete nechikwereti chemari. Ikoku kuparadzira ndyiko yegore negore mumibhadharo yemwedzi nemwedzi, kudzivirira mutero mukuru webundu.
  • Appel kana kwakakodzera: Gadzirira ufakazi hwemashoko asina kururama kana kuti ukoshi hwemisika. Kunyange kuderedza kuduku mukufamba kwenguva. Kunzvera kwounyanzvi kunogona kuva mutengo wezvinhu zvine ukoshi hwakakwirira.
  • Cherechedza mumapurogiramu emitero: Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira varidzi vemisha vakwegura kana vakaremara kunonotsa mitero yenhumbi kusvikira zvinhu zvatengeswa. Mhindu inodzorwa, asi inogona kugovera rusununguko rwemari inodzorwa.

Nguva Yemberi Yemitero Yezvinhu

Mitero yezvinhu haigari; inochinja - chinja kuti ienderane nedzvinyiriro dzemari, dzeruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

  • Maturusi okunzvera eDigital: Vanzveri vakawanda vari kushandisa AI nemifananidzo yesatellite kuyera nokuderedza zvikanganiso. Ikoku kungagona kutungamirira kukunzvera kwakawanda, kwakarurama(*) asi kunosimudzirawo itiro hanya dzakavanzika.
  • Kuchinja mutero wenhanho yeruwa: kurukurirano pamusoro pokutsamira pamitero yenzvimbo nemari yenzvimbo kana kuti mitero yokutengesa dzinopfuurira mudzimba dzakawanda. Dzimwe nyika dzakarangarira kuderedza mitero yezvinhu mukutsinhana nokuda kwemitero yakakwirira yokuderedza mutoro pamuridzi wemisha.
  • Kuchinja kwebasa riri kure uye mipimo inochinja: Kutama kwakapararira kunzvimbo dzakaderera dzemabhizimisi kwakasimbisa misika yedzimba nemiitiro yokunzvera munzanga dzose dziri mbiri dzinobudirira nedziri kuderera. Masiteshi eMitero ari kuva anochinja zvikuru.
  • Nzvero dzecherekedzo nemamiriro okunze: Mamwe mativi ari kunzvera “mitero yenyika youkoshi” kudzivisa kukwira kwemaguta uye zvinhu zvisina kutsarukana. Mitero yenzvimbo nokuda kwevandudziko dzeruvara rwegirini yakatozivikanwa navose mumaguta anofambira mberi.

Kuramba vachiziva nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya kunobatsira vagari vemo kutarisira kuchinja kungakanganisa mabhiri avo emitero uye mabasa omunzanga.

mhedziso

Mitero yezvinhu inopfuura zvikuru mutengo wegore negore wezvisarudzo zvenzanga dzomunzvimbomo, kutsigira mari zvikoro, chengeteko, zvivako, uye nharaunda zvinoita kuti nharaunda dzibudirire. Nokunzwisisa kuti mitero yezvinhu inoverengwa sei, inoongororwa, uye inogoverwa, vagari vemo vanogona kudzora kuronga kwavo kwemari, kutsigira mitemo inoyera, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva pamusoro penzvimbo yokugara uye kuti ungabatanidzwa sei nehurumende yomunzvimbomo. Iyi zivo inochinja musengwa unovhiringidza kuva mudziyo wakasimba, nzanga dzinoda kufanana. Kana uri kuongorora mutengo wako, kufadza mutengo wako usina kururama, kana kuti kungovhotera mudare retsoro rechikoro, kunzwisisa kwako mitero inoumba nguva yemberi yenzanga yako. [FLD] Kuwedzera kurava, Sangano yeNyika yePriciomhomwe panzvimbo yokunzvera mitero.[FFoctive]