Oath of Jury Service chinhu chinokosha mugadziriro yedare reAmerica. Inomirira musengwa wedare wedare wedare kuti utsigire ruramisiro uye upe zvisarudzo zvakarurama zvakavakirwa paufakazi hunopiwa mudare. Kunzwisisa iyi mhiko kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi angabatira mudare rinobetsera, sezvo inoisa nheyo nokuda kwokutongwa kwakarurama uye inosimbisa nheyo yokuti ruramisiro mutoro unogoveranwa pakati pehurumende navagari vayo. Nyaya ino inonzvera mavambo, revo, uye revo dzinoshanda remhiko, inogovera nhungamiro yakakwana nokuda kwavatongi navose vanofarira vatongi navose vanofarira gadziriro yemitemo yeU.S.

Chii Chinokosha Kubasa raJury?

Chipikirwa cheBasa reJury chipikirwa chakakomba chinoitwa navatongi vasati vavamba mabasa avo mukutonga. Iyi mhiko inosimbisa ukoshi hwokusasarura, perero, uye tsauriro kuzvokwadi. Nokuita mhiko iyi, vatongi vanovimbisa kuyera mhaka yacho nenzira yakarurama, pasina rusaruro kana kuti kufungira mano akaipa. Nepo mashoko chaiwoiwo achisiyana nechiremera, musengwa mukuru unoramba usingachinji: kupa chisarudzo chechokwadi chakavakirwa paufakazi hunopiwa mudare nomutemo sezvakaraidzwa nomutongi.

Mumatare akawanda, vatongi vanopikawo mhiko yoga pamberi pevoir yakaipisisa (muitiro wokusarudza vatongi) kuti vapindure mibvunzo zvechokwadi. Mhiko inotorwa pakutanga kwokutongwa kwacho ndiyo mhiko huru inodzora mutongi muzviitiko zvose.

Mavambo Echinyamupinyi CheJury

Mufungo wemhiko mukutonga kwapamutemo unovambira mutsika dzakare. Chipikiso chedare rinotonga chazvino uno chinovambira kumutemo wavose wechiNgezi, zvikurukuru ukuru hwaClarendon muna 1166 pasi paMambo Henry II, iyo yakaronga kushandiswa kwavanhu vomunzvimbomo kupika zvokwadi yepomero. Mumazana amakore apfuura, mhiko yakashandurwa kubva muchishandiso chetsoro chedziviriro yokusasarura. MuUnited States, Sixmendment inovimbisa maruramiro kudare risingasaruri, uye mhiko inzira iyo kusasarura ikoko kunopika nayo. Chitsama "so chinobetsera Mwari" pakuguma kwemhiko yacho igamuchidzanwa asi hachisi chinhu chapamutemo; vatongi vangasimbisa panzvimbo pokupika, pamusoro penyika kana kuti pamusoro pezvitendero zvisiri zvenyika.

Kukosha Kwebasa reJury

Zvinoita kuti vagari vemo vatore rutivi mukuita zvepamutemo uye vave nechokwadi chokuti kodzero dzevanhu dzinodzivirirwa.

  • Basa reJury rinopa vagari vemo inzwi rakananga mugadziriro yekutonga. Rinogovera cheki pavatongi navanochuchisi vane unyanzvi, richivimbisa kuti mhedziso idzodzo dzinoratidzira pfungwa netsika zvenzanga.
  • Machekwa uye Dzikamo:[[FT:1] Inoshanda secherekedzo pasimba rehurumende kupfurikidza nokubvumira vanhuwo zvavo kusarudza muuyo wekakavadzano dzapamutemo. Vatongi vanoita sedziviriro mukudzikamisa mitemo kwoudzvinyiriri kana kuti kwokudzvinyirira.
  • Kutonga uye Kutonga: Vatongi vanoumbwa navanhu vakasiana - siana vanobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti rutongeso runorangarirwa serwakarurama nerwune pamutemo. Apo nzanga inotora rutivi murutongeso, vanhu vane bviro huru yokuvimba nomuuyo.
  • Kubatira padare rinobetsera vatongi kunodzidzisa pamusoro pegadziriro yapamutemo ndokusimbisa mutemo. Ndirimwe ramabasa mashomanene ehurumende akananga anodikanwa kuvagari vemo, pamwe chete nokuvhota nokubhadhara mitero.

Fandesheni yeBumbiro reMitemo

Kodzero kukutonga kwedare rinobetsera vatongi inonyorwa muChikamu III, Chikamu 2 cheBumbiro reMitemo reU.S. uye Pendejimendi yechitanhatu yemhosva dzoutsotsi, uye Peventeger Amendment for the mental. Iyi dziviriro yebumbiro remitemo inosimbisa chitendero chevatongi chokuti majaji anokosha kurusununguko. Mhiko yacho chinhu chinotenderwa chinochinja boka ravaeni kuva mutumbi unobvisa maruramiro avanhu kupfurikidza nebasa rinoyera.

Murayiro: Mashoko Nerevo

Mashoko chaiwo eOath of Jury Service angasiana kupfurikidza nehurumende, asi anobatanidza kuzvipira kupa chisarudzo chechokwadi chakavakirwa paufakazi. Heino shanduro yavose yemhiko seyakashandiswa mumatare akawanda ehurumende nehurumende:

[Unopika zvakasimba] here (kana kuti unosimbisa) kuti uchasanoita ndokuedza zvirokwazvo nhau muiyi nhau, uye chisarudzo chechokwadi chinopa, mukuwirirana noufakazi nomutemo, naizvozvo unobetsera Mwari?]

Mune dzimwe nyika, mhiko yacho inosanganisira kutaura nevamwe nezvenyaya yacho, kusaverenga mapepanhau nezvenyaya yacho, uye kusabvumira manzwiro evanhu kuti ape mutongo wacho.

Kupwanya Matanda

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chemhiko yacho chine revo inokosha:

  • Srays (kana kuti Afremy): inoratidzira ukombi hwechibvumirano chiri kuitwa. Kusimbisa inzvimbo yenyika ine uremu hwapamutemo humwe chetehwo. Shoko rokuti "kazviduku" zviratidzo zvokuti ichi hachisi chipikirwawo zvacho.
  • [[[FOL:0] Zvakanaka uye Zvirokwazvo kuedza: Vacheri vanofanira kubatana nokushingaira nenhau yacho ndokurangarira ufakazi hwose hunopiwa."Zvakanaka zvinoreva nokushingaira uye nokutendeka; "zvinoreva nokutendeseka uye pasina kunyengedzera.
  • Trust: Vatongi ndivo vane mutoro wokusvika chisarudzo chinoratidzira zvokwadi yakavakirwa paufakazi. Shoko rokuti "Zvokwadi" pano harirevi zvokwadi youzivi asi panzvimbo pezvo kuwana kunotsigirwa nouremu hwoufakazi.
  • Maererano neUfakazi noMutemo: Vatongi vanofanira kuvakira zvisarudzo zvavo chose chose paufakazi hunopiwa mudare nomutemo unoshanda sezvinoraidzwa nomutongi. Iyi rutivi runodzivisa vatongi kuvimba namashoko okunze kana kuti zivo yomunhu oga yenhau.
  • Naizvozvo Betsera Mwari: Ichi chitsama chamashoko chegamuchidzanwa chinodana chiremera chakakwirira souchapupu kuchipikirwa. Chinogona kusiiwa nokuda kwaavo vanosimbisa, uye hapana mutongi anogombedzerwa kuchibatanidza kana kuchirwisana nezvitendero zvavo.

Mitoro Yomumiririri

Kana vatongi vangopika mhiko yacho bedzi, vanogamuchira mitoro inoverengeka inokosha iyo inotambanukira mukutongwa nokurangarira:

  • Kusarura: Vatongi vanofanira kuramba vasingasaruri ndokudzivisa kutanga mirangariro vasati vanzwa ufakazi hwose. Ikoku kunobatanidza kudzivisa kurukurirano nomunhu upi noupi pamusoro pomuitiro wacho, kubatanidza mhuri, shamwari, kana kuti batano dzenzanga.
  • Kureurura: Vazivi vanodikanirwa kuchengeta kurukurirano pamusoro penhau yacho yapachivande kutozosvikira kutongwa kwapera. Mumativi akawanda, ikoku kunobatanidza kusaisa pasocial network kana kuti kunzvera kwokuzvimirira.
  • [[FOLT: 0] Kurangarira nokutora mashoko: Vatongi vanofanira kusanoteerera nhau ndokunyora manotsi kana kuri madikanwa. matare mazhinjisa anobvumira vatongi kusvitsa mibvunzo yakanyorwa nokuda kwezvapupu, kunyange zvazvo kusati kuri mativi ose anobvumira ikoku.
  • . Pashure pokutonga, vatongi vanofanira kukurukura ufakazi navatongi biyavo kuti vasvike bvumirano. Kubvisa muitiro weboka unoda kusununguka nokuremekedza mirangariro yakasiana.
  • [[FOLT:0] Vateveri voMutemo: Vatongi vanofanira kushandisa mutemo sewakaraidzwa nomutongi, kunyange kana ivo pachavo vasingabvumirani nomutemo iwoyo. Iwoyu unozivikanwa sebasa rokutendeka kumirairidzo yapamutemo.

Kusarura Mumuitiro

Kusarura hakurevi kuti vatongi vanofanira kuuya kudare vasina mirangariro kana kuti zvinoitika zvoupenyu. Panzvimbo pezvo, kunoreva kuti vanofanira kuva vanodisa kubvisa mirangariro ipi neipi ndokusarudza mhaka yacho yakavakirwa paufakazi chete. Mukati mokuparadza, vatongi nagweta vanoratidza mirangariro yakajeka. Vatongi vanokarirwa kuongorora tsvoka dzavo vamene. Kunzvera kunokarakadza kuti kuziva zviri nyore kwefungidziro kunogona kubetsera vatongi kuita zvisarudzo zvakanaka. American Bar Association inogovera zviwiro pamusoro porusarudzo rwevatongi vanogona kubetsera kugadzirira.

Kuviga Nezera Ravachiri Kuzivikanwa Naro

Vatongi vazvino uno vanotarisana nedenho dzechienzi dzinobva mumafoni nenhepfenyuro. Chipikiso chinodzivisa chose chose kushandisa makombiyuta kuti vaongorore mhaka, kugoverana mashoko, kana kuti kuonana. Vatongi vazhinji zvino vanopa mirayiridzo yakananga pakutanga kwokutonga: hapana Gogogling, kana kuti teaping, hapana kunyora pamusoro penhau. Kurega kuidzosa kunogona kutungamirira kukusashanda zvakanaka kana kuti kunyange kuzvidza dare. Somuenzaniso, mutongi akaisa tsinhiro paFacebook pamusoro pomuedzo aidzwa nokukodzerwa.

Matambudziko Akasangana Navarwi

Kubatira mudare rinobetsera vatongi kunogona kuparira denho dzakasiana - siana, kubatanidza:

  • [[NHAU: 0] Miedzo yepfungwa: Miedzo inogona kuva inonetesa mundangariro, zvikurukuru muzvinoitika zvinobatanidza mhaka dzakakomba kana kuti ufakazi hwakajeka. Varwi vangatambura njodzi inoparirwa kana kuti funganyo inobva mukurerutsa zvisarudzo zvoupenyu.
  • Basa reJulthi rinogona kutora nguva inokosha, ingapesana nemisengwa yomunhu oga neyounyanzvi. Nepo vashandirwi vazhinjisa vachidikanirwa nomutemo kubvumira nguva yokurega, kwete vose muripo wemibhadharo yakarasika. Mimwe miedzo inopera mavhiki kana mwedzi.
  • Kunzwisisa Mirangariro yapamutemo: Vatongi vangaparapatika namashoko akaoma epamutemo nemiitiro. Vatongi vanoedza kurerutsa mirayiridzo, asi mifungo yakadai se "mutoro woufakazi," "Kusava nechokwadi kwemifungo," uye "negligence" inogona kuva yakaoma kushandisa nguva dzose.
  • Kuparadzaniswa: Vacheri vanowanzorondwa mukati mokurangarira, uye kunyange pamberi paikoko, vanoraidzwa kusakurukura nhau yacho nevokunze. Ikoku kunogona kunzwa kuva woga, zvikurukuru mukati memiedzo mirefu.
  • Conlictt Mukati meIregitation: kusabvumirana pakati pavatongi kunogona kutungamirira kukukangaidzika kana kuti kupererwa nezano (dare rinobetsera vatongi). Dzvinyiriro yokusvika chisarudzo chavose inogona kuparira kusawirirana, zvikurukuru munhau dzinonyandurwa nemirangariro.

Tsigiro Yemajero

Dare rakawanda rinopa zviwanikwa zvokubetsera kubata nedzvinyiriro yebasa. Dzimwe zviremera zvinogovera mabasa okupa zano kana kuti marusando okubvisa tsvina pashure pemiedzo yakaoma mundangariro. National Center for State Courts yakabudisa nhungamiro pakutarisirwa kwedzvinyiriro yedare rezvenhamo. Kuwedzera, vatongi vanoda pokugara nemhaka yeremaremara kana kuti miganhu yomutauro vanogona kukumbira vaturikiri kana kuti zvimwe gadziridzo zvine mufungo pasi peAmerica neCritalment Act. Dare rine basa rokuvimbisa kuti basa redare redare rinobetsera rinopinda muvagari vose vakakwa vakakwa.

Mirangariro Inozivikanwa Navose Pamusoro Pebasa Reoath NereJury

Hezvino zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinofungwa zvisiri izvo zvinozivikanwa navose, zvakajekeswa:

  • jurtys inobvumirwa": Nepo majaji ane simba risina kurongwa rokusunungura ufakazi (kusimbisa), mhiko inoda vatongi kuti vatevere mutemo. Vatongi vazhinjisa vacharayiridza vatongi kuti vanofanira kushandisa mutemo sezvakapiwa. Kuparadza mukati meranga kunodzorwa kazhinji kazhinji kunoodzwa uye kungatungamirira kukuputsa.
  • ] Unogona kuva mutongi kana ukaziva chimwe chinhu pamusoro pomutongo wacho" Kuziva chimwe chinhu pamusoro penhau yacho kana kuti zivo yomunhu oga kunogona kusakwanirisa mutongi. Mhiko yacho inoda siredhi rakachena. Kana mutongi akaziva nechero mhaka yacho mukusachenjera, vanofanira kuizivisa.
  • Mhiko inoguma apo muedzo unoguma" Basa rokuvanza rinotambanudzwa kupfuura mutongo. Vamiriri vakasununguka kukurukura nhau yacho pachena pashure pokutonga, asi vangasazivisa zvakaitika mukati mokurangarira kana vakapikira kusaita. Dzimwe nyika dzine mitemo inodzivirira jubheri kana dare rapachivande rapfuura.
  • " Haungagoni kunyora zvinonyorwa":[ matare mazhinji anobvumira kutora mashoko, kunyange zvazvo mamwe achiaganhura. Chimiro chendangariro chiri kukubvumira manotsi kubetsera vatongi kuyeuka chipupuriro chikuru. Vamwe vatongi vanogovera mapepa etsamba namapeni.

Mugove Mumarudzi Akasiana - siana Emiedzo

Nepo mhiko huru yakafanana, nhau dzakapoteredza. Mukutonga kwoutsotsi, mhiko inosimbisa murangariro wokusava nemhaka nechinodikanwa chokuti kuroverera mhaka kubvumikise kuva nemhaka pasina panikiro ine mufungo. Mumitemo yavagari vemo, mupimo ndewokurangarira ufakazi, uye mhiko inonangidzira pakuyera ufakazi. Majuda makuru ane mhiko yakaparadzana inonangidzira pakuziva kana pane chikonzero chokupomera mhaka. Nokuda kwemajuji makuru ehurumende, [[FL:0] Federal Mitemo yeCriminal Procedre [ inorondedzera zviri mukati mes .

Hurumende neFederal Oaths

Dare reruwa rimwe nerimwe rinogamuchira mhiko yaro rimene yedare rinobetsera dare rinobetsera vatongi, asi vose vanotevera mutevedzeri kubva muMusangano weRugamuchidzo weUnited States. matare eHurumende anosiana zvikuru. Somuenzaniso, Texas ine mhiko yomutemo nokuda kwomutongi munhau dzevagari vemo idzo dzinobatanidza chipikirwa chokusakurukura nomumwe munhu upi noupi panhau yacho. Kutoti mukati mokurangarira. Florida inoda mhiko nokuda kwevatongi mumhaka yeutsotsi iyo inobatanidza chipikirwa ku "sandei uye zvamazvirokwazvo chisarudzo chechokwadi chinopiwa, mukuwirirana nomutemo noufakazi." Kunzwisisa kutaura kwakananga muhurumende yako kunogona kuva kunobetsera. Cherecheke miraniso yomugariro wako kana kuti [[FLD:] basa redare redare redare redare retsoro rejita rejita rejita rejita repajita repajiropo yevhurome [FFF.]

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa chibvumirano cheJury Service kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi angabatira mudare rinobetsera vatongi. Iyi mhiko haisati ichingova muitirowo zvawo; inomirira musengwa wakakomba wedare kururamisiro nokutonga. Nokuita mabasa avo ($idzo), kuva nechakavanzika, ngwariro, uye kurangarira kwokuremekedza) vabati vemhosva vanoita basa rinokosha mukutsigira kuvimbika kwetsika yokutonga. Mhiko inobatanidza muchengeti wemitemo yakakwirira zvikurusa uye inoshandura muunganidzwa wavanhu kuva chishandiso chokutonga. Sezvaunorangarira basa rako umene rokutonga, yeuka kuti kuita mhiko ichisarudzo chikuru chokutora rutivi muimwe yemiitiro inokosha zvikurusa youbati ushe hunotonga. Kudisa kwako kubatira nokuvimbisa kutendeka kumipimo yeruramisiro yakaenzana nokuda kwavagari vose.