Vanyajambwa vokutengesa vanhu vanotarisana nedenho huru pakutsvaka chengeteko neruramisiro muUnited Kingdom. Kukuvadzwa kwokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kunowedzerwa nokufamba nomugadziriro yokupinda kusingarovedzeki. Kunzwisisa miitiro yeUK yokupinda vapfumi yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira vapukunyuki vanotengeswa kunokosha(8) kwete bedzi nokuda kwavanyajambwa vamene asiwo nokuda kwavatsigiri vepamutemo, vatsigiri vezvomutemo, uye vatsigiri venzanga. Iyi nhungamiro inogovera kupetwa kwakajeka kwenzira kwenzira dzemitemo, mibato yevhiza, zvisarudzo, uye tsigiro yezviwanikwa zvinowanika kuvanyajambwa vokutengesa vanhu muUK.

Kudzivirira Vanyajambwa Vanotengeswa Navanhu Mumutemo

Dare reUK rakatanga gadziriro yapamutemo yakasimba yokuziva, kudzivirira, uye kutsigira vanyajambwa vokutengesa vanhu, yakasimbiswa noMutemo woUranda 2015. Iri murairo wechiratidzo unobatanidza zvibvumirano zvekare zvine chokuita nokutengesa nouranda, kuvamba rutongeso rwakasimba zvikuru nokuda kwavapari vemhosva, uye kugadza mabasa ehurumende kudzivisa uranda hwazvino uno. Inoitawo kuti pave nehofisi yeIndependent Anti - Scountry Commissioner, uyo anotarisira mhinduro yeUK kushatooo.

MuMusi weModern Slavery Act, munhu upi noupi anoronga kana kuti anopfava kufamba kwomumwe munhu nechinangwa chokuvashandisa zvisina kufanira (kubatanidza nokuda kwokubatwa zvisina kufanira muvatano, basa rokumanikidzirwa, uranda hwomumba, kana kuti kubviswa kwemitezo) anoita utsotsi hwemhosva. Mutemo unopawo dziviriro kuvanyajambwa kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti havarangwa nokuda kwemhosva dzinoitwa apo vanenge vachidzorwa navatengesi /a nheyo inowanzonongedzerwa ku “isiri yokutsiva” gadziriro.

Mukuwedzera, UK ichiratidzo ku Council yeEurope Convention on Act i lwisana neTraffaing in Human Smowns uye EU Anti-Trafficking Directive[ (iyo inopfuurira kupesvedzera mutezo weUK post-Brxit). Zvishandiso izvi zvamarudzi ose zvinoda mitezo inoda kutanga miitiro nokuda kwokuzivikanwa naparendendero, inogovera nguva yokunayamura nokuratidza, uye mvudzodzodzo kubvumira kukuvandudzwa kwevanyajambwa vanobatira pamwe nezviremera kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu omunhu oga okusapinda.

National Referral Mechanism (NRM) igadziriro huru yeUK yokuziva nokutsigira vanyajambwa. NRM igadziriro inodzorwa namativi mazhinji inotarisirwa neHofisi yeMusha uye inobatanidza kurovedzwa kwe “zviremera zvinorongeka” mukuita kuti mutemo utevedzere, kuendesa vatamisi, uye UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI). Muitiro weNRM unoda kunetsa nokuda kwavana vanotsvakidzwa nemhaka yokuti vanozivikanwa somupukunyuki wekutengesa zvinhu mumugwagwa unozarurira suo kuruvara rwekodzero dzapamutemo nerokutsigira.

Muitiro weReferral neTsigiro: National Referral Mechanism (NRM)

Kuitwa Kunoita Mugumisiro

Sangano ripi neripi kana kuti munhu upi noupi akasangana nenyajambwa anobvira wokutengesa anogona kuita chitsama kuNRM. Masangano anowanzobatanidza mapurisa, mabasa enzanga, National Health Service (NHS), zviremera zvomunzvimbomo, uye masangano (NGO) asiri ehurumende anopa tsigiro chaiyo mukutengesa. Chikamu chinodzorwa chinoiswa muchimiro chakati kuti, icho chinoratidzira kuzivikanwa kwomunyajambwa anofungidzirwa, migariro yokushandiswa zvisina kufanira, uye ufakazi hupi nohupi hwokutengesa.

Kutanga mapeji akadai semapurisa kana kuti kunzi NGO, idikanwo kunongedzera kumunhu kana vane zvikonzero zvine mufungo zvokudavira kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe nyajambwa wokutengesa.

  1. Chisarudzo chinodzorwa - Chiremera chine unyanzvi chinosarudza kana pane “zvikonzero zvine mufungo” zvokudavira kuti munhu wacho inyajambwa wokutengesa kana kuti uranda. Iyi imuedzo wakaderera uye inofanira kuitwa mumazuva mashanu okushanda kwechiteshi. Kana chisarudzo chacho chakanaka, nyajambwa anorangarirwa kuva nyajambwa anobvira ndokupinda mu “nhambo neratidzirwo".
  2. Chisarudzo chaMamiriro eNhevedzo - Pashure pekunzvera kune udzame(kazhinji kazhinji kubatanidza bvunzurudzo, ufakazi, uye kutsigira nhauro yanyajambwa) chiremera chakakwana chinopa donzo rechokwadi. Uyu mupimo wakakwirira: “pamwero wemipimo, [1] munhu akatsunga kuva munyajambwa wokutengesa kana kuti uranda. Chisarudzo chinofanira kuitwa mukati mamazuva 45 anoshanda echisarudzo chakanaka chezvikonzero.

Tsigiro Mukati Megadziriro yeNRM

Kana chisarudzo chine mufungo changoitwa bedzi, nyajambwa ane maruramiro okutsigirwa nokukurumidza. Ikoku kunobatanidza nzvimbo yakakotsekana (kazhinji kazhinji mudzimba dzakakotsekana chaidzoidzo), betsero yemari, kutarisirwa kwoutano (zvose zviri zviviri mumuviri nomundangariro), mabasa okushandura nedudziro, uye yamuro yapamutemo nokuda kwegadziriro yeNRM imene. Tsigiro mukati mekunaya uye kurangarira (mazuva 45, kunyange zvazvo zvichitambanudzwa) yakagadzirirwa kubvumira vanyajambwa kurovanya, kugamuchira tarisiro yengozi inoumbwa, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva pamusoro penhanho dzavo dzinotevera(kubatanidza kana kuti kubatira pamwe nokunzvera kwoutsotsi.

Kana chisarudzo chezvikonzero zvorumano chiri chakananga, nyajambwa anopfuurira kugamuchira tsigiro kweanenge mamwe mazuva 90. Pashure paikoko, tsigiro ingapfuurira kutsamira pazvinodikanwa zvinopfuurira zvanyajambwa nenzvimbo yokutama. Kunokosha kucherechedza kuti tsigiro inopiwa haina kubatanidzwa zvakananga nokumbiriso yokutama kwomunyajambwa; zvisinei, chisarudzo chakananga chinosimbisa zvikuru kutaura kupi nokupi kunotevera kwokutama.

Kushandisa Rusununguko Rwokutamira Kumwe

Nokuda kwavanyajambwa vokutengeswa kwavanhu avo vasati vari vagari veBritain kana kuti vatogara muUK, kutanga mugariro wokupinda munyika wapamutemo kazhinji kazhinji kuri madikanwa kuti varambe vari muchengeteko, vachishanda, uye vavakezve upenyu hwavo.

Vanyajambwa Vanoremekedzeka Visa (VHV) – Zvino Munyajambwa Wazvino Uno Wouranda Visa

Yaizivikanwa kare seVanyajambwa veVullenetic Visa, iyi nzira yakavandudzwa ndokutumidzwazve Modern Slaved Adverside Visa (MSV) pasi pegadziriro yokubuda kwepashure peUK-Briexit. Visa inoitirwa vapukunyuki vasingakwaniriswi nokuda kwezvimwe zvikwata zvokubuda asi vanoda dziviriro nemvumo kuti vagare muUK. Mativi makuru anobatanidza:

  • Kusagona kudzivirirwa: Mukumbiri anofanira kuva nezvikonzero zvakanaka zvinobvumikiswa kubva kuNRM. Vanofanira kuratidzira kuti vanoda dziviriro inopfuuridzirwa kana kuti betsero kuti vanaye muruzivo rwavo rwokutengesa.
  • Nguva: Visa inowanzopiwa kwemwedzi 12 pakutanga, nebviro yokuwedzera kana kuti kugarwa pashure penhambo refu.
  • Tsamba: vhiza inobvumira muridzi wehuta kurarama, basa, fundo, uye kupinza mari yavose (inozviisa pasi pemitemo mimwe cheteyo samamwe mavhiza echinguvana).
  • Kubatira pamwe noMutemo: Nepo chinodikanwa chakajeka cheMSV visa, batira pamwe namapurisa kana kuti dare hofisi inogona kusimbisa basa. Hofisi yeHome inosiyanisa pakati pavanyajambwa vanobetsera nokunzvera naavo vasingadaro, asi kusava noushamwari kwoga kunogona kururamisa kupiwa kwevhiza.

Munhu Anotengesa Zvinonzi Visa – Nzira Yokubuda Nayo Mumugwagwa Une Ungwaru

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanyajambwa vokutengeswa kunoitwa vakanangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana - siyana — akadai sengozi inopfuurira kubva kuvatengesi, mamiriro outano omuviri kana kuti hwepfungwa zvine chokuita nokushandisa kwavo zvisina kufanira, kana kuti kusakwanisa kuwana chengeteko munyika yavo yamavambo . kungapiwa Dioscretion Sitence Toges to Dese[ panzvimbo dzokutengesa vanhu. Dzimwe nguva inonongedzerwa zvisina kurongwa se “vhiza yokutengesa vanhu.” Kushanda kwacho kunoitirwa kunze kwemitemo yenguva dzose yokutama uye kunotsamira paChikamu 3 cheEurope yeKodzero dzekodzero dzevanhu (kudzivirira panjodzi kana kuti pakubatwa kwoutsinye) uye Chikamu 8 (chakarurama kuupenyu hwemunhu oga uye hwemhuri).

  • ` Mukumbiri anofanira kugovera ufakazi hune udzame hweruzivo rwavo rwokutengesa, kusawirirana kwavo kunopfuurira, uye chikonzero nei vasingagoni kudzokera zvakakotsekana kunyika yavo yokumusha. Chisarudzo chakasimba chinokurudzira asi kwete chinodikanwa chose.
  • [[FT:0] Nguva: REFUUCT ingapiwa kwemwedzi 30 (makore 2,5) uye inogona kuwedzerwa. Pashure pamakore 10 ezororo rinopfuurira, kugarwa (Kusatsarukana Kuramba Kuchiramba) kungarangarirwa.
  • Mitemo inobva kuMSV: Nzira yokubva nayo inorangarirwa pahwaro hwenhau nehwaro hwechikamu uye inowanzoshandiswa nokuda kwavanyajambwa vasingasviki mipimo chaiyo yeModern Slave Adved Visa asi vachiri kuda dziviriro. Inowanzodawo chibvumikiso chokuti munyajambwa angatarisana nengozi chaiyoiyo yechitambudzo kana kuti kuvadziko yakakomba pakudzoka.

Mipimo Yokukwanisa Kufamba Nokuda Kworusununguko Rwokutama

Nepo nzira imwe neimwe yevhiza ine zvinodikanwa zvayo imene zvakananga, Hofisi yeMusha inoronga mipimo yavose yokushandiswa kupi nokupi kwokutama kwakavakirwa pakutengesa kwomunhu:

  • Chimiro cheConfici Expression Adverst: Chisarudzo chakasimba chinobva kuNRM ndicho chimiro chakasimba zvikurusa chechiratidzo. Kana kuti, chisarudzo chine mufungo chingatsigira kushandisirwa apo chisarudzo chokupedzisira chiri kudongoka.
  • Kubatira pamwe noMutemo: Vashandisi vakabatsira kana kuti vanoda kubatsira mapurisa mukunzvera kana kuti kubvunzurudza vacharangarirwa nenzira inofadza. Zvisinei, vanyajambwa vasingabatirani nemhaka yorutyo, kuvadziko, kana kuti mhinganidzo dzinoshanda havafaniri kurangwa.
  • Mukumbiri anofanira kuratidzira kuti anoda kupfuurira kugara muUK kuti anaye, tarisiro yakafanira, kana kuti kudzivisa kudzorwazve. Ikoku kunogona kubatanidza mishumo yezvokurapa, mirangariro yendangariro, kana kuti kutaura kunobva kuvashandi vanotsigira.
  • Hapana Mutsivi Anoita Kumwe: Uko kunobvira, Hofisi yeHome icharangarira kana nyajambwa achigona kudzokera zvakakotsekana kunyika yake yamavambo netsigiro. Kana zvisina kudaro, UK sezvingabvira ichapa zororo kuti rirambe riripo.

Matambudziko Nokufunga Muchinoitika Chokutama

Pasinei nokudzivirirwa zviri pamutemo munzvimbo, vanhu vanotengeswa vanotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvinokosha pavanenge vachifamba mugadziriro yokubuda kwevanhu veUK.

Kutya Nokuvimba Zviremera Zvisina Kufanira

Vangave vakaudzwa kuti mapurisa ane uori, kuti achadzingwa munyika, kana kuti vachatongwa nokuda kwemhosva dzinoitwa mumatare anoitwa (zvakadai sokushandisa magwaro enhema kana kuti kushanda zvisiri pamutemo). Kuvaka chivimbo kunotora nguva, uye vanyajambwa vangada mapurogiramu akawanda nomutsigiri anovimbwa vasati vada kuzivisa nhau yavo yakazara.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvemutauro Netsika

Vanyajambwa vanobva kunyika dzisati dziri dzechiNgezi vanowanzoparapatika kunzwisisa muitiro wokubuda nokurondedzera zvinoitika zvavo nenzira inogutsa vagadziri veUK. Vaturikiri vano unyanzvi avo vakazivikanwa nenhamo uye vasingazvimiriri nzanga yanyajambwa vanokosha. Tsika dzinoda kuitirwa zvisakafanira .

Kuoma Kwemitemo Nokudiwa Kwezano Rechienzi

Mitemo yokubuda kwevapukunyuki vanosangana nemitemo yehuvanze, kutaura kwekodzero dzavanhu, uye miitiro yedare. Vanyajambwa vazhinji havagoni kubhadhara mumiririri wapamutemo uye kuvimba neyamuro yapamutemo, asi kuvapo kwenyanzvi dzinozivikanwa kwakaganhurirwa mune dzimwe nyika. Kushaikwa kwezano rapamutemo rapamutemo kunogona kuguma nokurambwa kwemitengo, kunyange apo nhau yomunyajambwa ichokwadi. Zviwanikwa zvakadai se [FLT: 0] Association of Immignation and Lawers (AILL) uye [[FLT:] [FLT] Sosaiti inowanikwa nechishandiso chavanhu [FLT]

Nguva Dzinofambira Mberi Nokusava Nechokwadi

Kunonoka mumiitiro yokushandisa yeNRM nokubuda kungava kupfuudzira vapukunyuki. Chisarudzo chine mufungo chinofanira kutora mazuva mashanu, asi mukushanda, kazhinji kazhinji kunoda nguva refu. Chisarudzo chezvikonzero nemuuyo wekushanda kupi nokupi kwevhiza zvinogona kutambanudza kwemwedzi kana kuti kunyange makore. Munguva ino, vanyajambwa vangaramba vari muboka, vachitadza kushanda kana vasina vhiza yakafanira, uye vachitsamira patsigiro yakaganhurirwa yegarika. Uku kusavimba kunogona kudzoserazve vapukunyuki ndokudzivisa kunaya.

Ngozi Yokuzozvitsiva Kana Kutama Kusingagari

Kana nyajambwa asingapindi NRM nokukurumidza kana kuti achikundikana kuita kumbiriso yokupinda munyika vasati vafa, vanogona kuva vachengeti vanopfuura nokutarisana nokusungwa kana kuti kubviswa. Hofisi yeHome yakabudisa miitiro inofanira kudzivirira vapukunyuki pakubviswa apo kumbiriso nekwidzo zvinomirira, asi mukushanda, vanyajambwa vakachengetwa kana kuti kudzingwa chiitiko chavo chisati charangarirwa zvizere. Kwakakomba kuti munhu upi noupi anotsigira nyajambwa areverwe kuNRM nokukurumidza sezvinobvira uye, kuti vamirirwe pamubhedharo upi noupi wokubuda munyika.

Zviwanikwa Nemasangano Anotsigira Vakawirwa Nedambudziko

Masangano aya anoita mabasa akasiyana - siyana, anosanganisira nzvimbo dzokugara dzinokurumidzira, mazano epamutemo, kupa zano, uye kuendesa nyaya kwenguva refu.

Masangano aya anoshanda pamwe neHome Office, mapurisa, uye zviremera zvomunzvimbomo kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vanyajambwa vanogamuchira dziviriro dzavane maruramiro apamutemo. Anotsigirawo nokuda kwevandudziko dzemiitiro kupedza mikaha nokunonotsa mugadziriro yazvino.

Kupedzisa: Kusarudza Nzira Yokuchengeteka uye Yokururamisira

Muitiro wokupinda munyika weUK nokuda kwavanyajambwa vokutengeswa kwavanhu wakarongedzerwa kupa nzira kubva mukushandiswa zvisina kufanira kuenda kukuporeswa. Kuvambira pakuzivikanwa kwokutanga kusvikira kukubvumirwa kweModern Slave Adverity Visa kana kuti translary, nhano imwe neimwe yakarongedzerwa kuziva vapukunyuki venhamo yatsungirira uye kugovera dzikamo yapamutemo yavanoda kuvakazve upenyu hwavo. Zvisinei, tsika yacho haitongovi yakakwana. Kunonoka, rutyo, mitauro, uye kushaiwa zano repamutemo kunogona kudzivisa vanyajambwa vose kupinda mukodzero dzavo.

Nokuda kwenyanzvi netsigiri vanoshanda navapukunyuki vanotengeswa, chinokosha kuita chiito nokukurumidza: kuva nechokwadi chechimbichimbi chinonongedzera kuNRM, kwezvapamutemo nokukurumidza, uye nyora rutivi rwuri rwose rwoutapukunyuki hwenyajambwa. Kunokosha zvakafanana kusvika kwomunhu akapinzwa mungozi (munhu anoteerera zvishuvo zvomupukunyuki, anoremekedza kufambira mberi kwavo, uye anopa tsigiro yetsika. Nemashoko akarurama, pfuma, uye kutengesa, vanyajambwa vokutengesa munhu havagoni bedzi kufambisa gadziriro yokupinda munyika asi vanowanawo ganhuro itsva yechengeteko, chiremera, uye tariro muUK.