Munyika yanhasi yakaoma uye yakabatana, tsika dzebasa ravose dzinoumba chisakiso chokuvimba nokuzvidavirira mukati mehurumende namasangano avose. Kuderera kwetsika kunogona kubvisa chivimbo chavanhu vose usiku humwe, nepo kunamatira zvakasimba kunheyo dzetsika kunogona kutsigira udzori hwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yezvizvarwa. Kunzwisisa iyi nhungamiro yetsika inokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anobatanidzwa mubasa ravose, kubva kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa kuvashandi vehurumende, pamwe chete nevagari vemo avo vanorangarira kuti vatungamiriri ava vanozvidavirira. Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana inonzvera nheyo, nheyo, zvinetso, uye zvirongwa zvinoshanda zvokusimudzira utungamiriri hwetsika muboka ravose.

Mavambo Etsika Dzebasa Rinoitwa Pachena

Tsika dzebasa rehurumende hadzisi chinhu chazvino uno.Dzidziso dzinotungamirira tsika muhurumende dzakachinja kwemazana emakore, dzichibva muuzivi, rudzidziso, mutemo, uye ruzivo rwokuzviwanira runoshanda. Muzivi wechiGiriki wekare Aristotle akataura kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanofanira kusakurira mavara akadai seruramisiro, ushingi, uye unyoro kuti vatonge zvakanaka. Kumabvazuva, dzidziso dzechiConfucius dzakasimbisa mutoro wetsika wavatongi kuti vabatire semienzaniso yetsika dzenzanga. Iyi mifungo yenheyo inopfuurira kuzivisa tsika dzazvino uno.

Tsika dzebasa ravose dzazvino uno dzinobatanidzwa mumirau yapamutemo, mabumbiro emitemo ounyanzvi omufambiro, uye miitiro yesangano. MuUnited States, somuenzaniso, Ethics in Government Act ya 1978 mipimo yakagadzwa nokuda kwokuziviswa kwemari nerwisano yefariro. Mitemo yakafanana iripo munyika kupota nyika, inoratidzira bvumirano yenyika yose yokuti vabatiri vehurumende vanofanira kushanda neperero. Zvisinei, kuzviisa kwapamutemo kwoga hakuna kukwana. Utungamiriri hwetsika dzechokwadi hunoda kuzvipira kunheyo dzinopfuura zvinodikanwa nemitemo inorayirwa nemutemo.

Kukosha Kukuru Kwetsika Mubasa Revoruzhinji

Neiko tsika dzine basa guru kwazvo mubasa ravose? Kusafanana neboka ravanhu voga, uko purofiti inogona kubatira somupi wemhindu mukuru, basa ravose zvikurukuru pamusoro pezvakanaka zvakarovedzeka. Vagari vanoronzesa vabatiri voruzhinji nechiremera, pfuma, uye simba rokuita zvisarudzo izvo zvinotapura upenyu, nzanga, uye mhoteredzo. Apo chivimbo ichocho chinoshambadzwa, miuyo inogona kuva yakakomba:

  • Vimbai Chivako: Mufambiro wetsika unokurudzira chivimbo pakati pavose nehurumende. Chivimbo chinokosha nokuda kwokuteerera mitemo nokuzvidira, kudisa kubhadhara mitero, uye kubatira pamwe kwenzanga yose. Hurumende inozivikanwa seyakashata kana kuti yokuzvibatira icharwisa kuti isvitse nharidzano dzayo dzemiitiro.
  • Ubhadharo: Vabatiri voruzhinji vanozvidavirira nokuda kwezviito zvavo nezvisarudzo. Mipimo yetsika yakasimba inoparira kariro dzakajeka nemiitiro youtariri, kuvimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vapindure mufambiro wavo.
  • [ Tsika dzinosimudzira kururama nokuenzana mukupa basa rinoitirwa vanhu vose. Apo zvisarudzo zvinoitwa pasina rusaruro, zvichitsamira parunako nedikanwo panzvimbo perusaruro kana kuti rusaruro, vagari vemo vanogamuchira kubatwa kwakaenzana mumutemo.
  • Kurerekera: Kutsigira mipimo yetsika kunowedzera kutendeseka kwamasangano avanhu vose. Kutendeseka kunoreva kuita nguva dzose nemipimo yakataurwa, kunyange kana pasina anoona. Ikona rehurumende yakavimbika.
  • Basa ravose rinopa maruramiro pamabasa ehurumende. Vagari vemo sezvingabvira zvikuru vangagamuchira mitemo yavanodavira kuti yakatangwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro yokutendeseka, inojeka.

Kutsvakurudza kubva kumasangano akadai seTransparency International kunoratidza kuti nyika dzine mwero yakakwirira youori hunofungidzirwa dzinoita kuti dzive nourombo hwakaderera mune zvoupfumi, masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu, uye kusaenzana kwemagariro evanhu.

Nheyo Dzemitemo Mubasa Ravose

Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yakati yakasiyana - siyana yetsika ichiita kuti vashandi vehurumende vakwanise kuongorora zvinhu zvakaoma voita zvisarudzo zvavanoziva.

  • Traxation:[[FT:1] Vabatiri vavanhu vanofanira kushanda pachena ndokugovera mashoko kuvanhu. Ikoku kunobatanidza kutsanangura mativi seri kwezvisarudzo, kuzivisa kusawirirana kwefariro, uye kuita kuti mashoko ehurumende asvike. Kujeka kunogonesa vagari vemo kugone kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire.
  • Kusarura: Zvisarudzo zvinofanira kuitwa pasina rusaruro kana kuti rusaruro. Vabatiri voruzhinji vanofanira kuisa parutivi fariro dzomunhu oga, masonganirano ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye ukama hwomunhu oga pakuita mabasa avo. Kubatwa kwakaenzana pasi pomutemo chiratidzo chenzanga yakarurama.
  • [ Ubhadharo: Vabatiri vavanhu vose vanofanira kutora mutoro wezviito zvavo, zvose zviri zviviri somunhu mumwe kana kuti seboka. Ikoku kunoreva kugamuchira miuyo yezvikanganiso, kubatira pamwe nemitumbi inotarisira, uye kuva vanodisa kutsanangura zvisarudzo kuvanhu.
  • Njere: Kubata vanhu vose nechiremera noruremekedzo chinhu chinokosha. Vabatiri voruzhinji vanobatira pamwe navagari vapasi vakasiana- siyana uye vanofanira kuva vanotapurwa nemisiyano yetsika, yorudzidziso, uye yenzanga. Ruremekedzo runotambanukirawo kuvabiyavo, vakuru, uye vachengeti vemigodhi.
  • Ibasa: Nheyo huru inofanira kuva pakubatira fariro yavose, kwete mhindu yomunhu oga kana kuti fambiro mberi yebasa. Basa ravose kudana kuti zvinodikanwa zvenzanga kupfuura zvishuvo zvomunhu oga.
  • [ Kusachinja: Kusachinja pakati pamashoko nezviito kunovaka kuvimbika. Vabatiri voruzhinji vanofanira kudzivisa kunyange chitarisiko chekusachena, sezvo nzwisiso inogona kuva inokuvadza somufambiro wakaipa chaiwoiwo.
  • . . mari yavose (*. mari yomutero, nyika dzavose, mashoko() inofanira kutarisirwa nenzira inoyera. Mutariri anoreva kushandisa zvinhu izvi nenzira inobudirira, inotsigika, uye nokuda kwezvinangwa zvazvo.

Kushandisa Nheyo Mukushandisa: Basa Rokugadzira Zvisarudzo

Pavanenge vatarisana nechinetso chetsika, vashandi vehurumende vanogona kushandisa nzira yakarongeka. Chokutanga, funga nezvechokwadi chakakodzera uye chinobatsira. Chechipiri, funga kuti inheyo dzipi dzetsika dziri pangozi. Chechitatu, ongorora dzimwe nzira dzokuita zvinopesana nenheyo idzodzo. Chechina, tsvaka mitemo ine chokuita nemitemo, mabumbiro emitemo, uye vamiriri. Chokupedzisira, funga kuti chisarudzo chacho chingaramba kuongororwa nevanhu here.

Nhungamiro Dzokutungamirira Kwemakemikari Mubasa Ravose

Kutungamirira kwetsika kunokosha pakusimudzira tsika dzekuperera mumasangano ebasa avose.Vatungamiriri vanogadza nzira yesangano rose. Pavanotevedzera tsika, inopa mashoko ane simba iwayo ane chokuita nokuperera.

  • Yakadzorwa nomuenzaniso:[[FT:1] Vatungamiriri vamakurukota vanofanira kutevedzera mufambiro wavanokarira kuna vamwe. Ikoku kunoreva kuva akatendeseka, anorerekera mberi, uye asina ruramisiro mubatano dzose. Kana mutungamiriri achiomerera pakusvika panguva yemisangano asi asvika kurumbidziko, kuvimbwa kunotambura.
  • Kuisa pachena Dialogue: Sara mhoteredzo umo vashandi vanonzwa vakachengeteka vachikurukura itiro hanya dzetsika. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuva nemikoto yokushuma yakavanzika, yakadai semikoto inopisa yetsika, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vapfuri veriva vanodzivirirwa pakutsiva. Nzvero kubva muEthics & Compliance Itigate inoratidza kuti tsika yokutaura inoderedza mufambiro wakaipa.
  • Rovedzo:[[FLT: 1] Rovedzo yenguva dzose yetsika inogona kubetsera kusimbisa mipimo yetsika ndokushongedzera vashandi namaturusi okubata nawo zvinetso. Rovedzo inofanira kuva inoita kuti ive yokukurukura, ichishandisa migariro chaiyoiyo yenyika iyo vashandi vangangosangana nayo. Inofanirawo kugadzirirwa mabasa nemwero yemitoro yakasiana.
  • Establish Clect Policies: Kukudziridza ndokukurukura nhungamiro dzetsika dzakajeka nemitemo. Izvi zvinofanira kufukidza rwisano dzefariro, zvipo nomutsa, kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvavose, ganhuriro dzapashure pebasa, uye mibato yezvamatongerwe enyika.
  • Kuziva Mufambiro Wetsika: Kubvuma uye kutusa mufambiro wetsika mukati mesangano. Kuzivikanwa kwavose, mibairo, kana kuti hwirudzuro dzakananga dzinogona kuita kuti kutendeseka kuve kwakarurama. Nenzira inopesana, kusazvibata kunofanira kukurukurwa nokukurumidza uye nenzira yakarurama.
  • ZVIMWE ZVINHU ZVINORATIDZWA: Utungamiriri hwetsika hunoda kukoshesa mirangariro yakasiana - siana. Mhoteredzo inobatanidza umo manzwi akasiana anonzwiwa inotungamirira kuchisarudzo chiri nani uye inoderedza ngozi yokufunga kweboka uko kunogona kugonesa mufambiro usina tsika.
  • [ Kuyera muchisarudzo: Vatungamiriri vanofanira nguva dzose kunzvera mufambiro wavo vamene nerusaruro. Kutsvaka mhinduro kuvaenzani vanovimbwa, vapi zano, kana kuti vakuru vakuru vetsika vanogona kubetsera kuziva nzvimbo dzisingaoni.

Basa Romukuru Wevakuru Vakuru

Munhu uyu ndiye ane mutoro wokudzidzisa, kupa mazano, kuongorora zvichemo, uye kuongorora. Ane mikana yokuzvipira yemitemo yokuronga zvinhu uye anopa vashandi vane mibvunzo.

Zvinetso Kubasa Roruzhinji Rinoitirwa Vanhu Vose

Pasinei zvapo nokukosha kwetsika, zvinetso zvinoverengeka zvinopfuurira zvinogona kudzivisa mufambiro wetsika munzanga.

  • Vabatiri vavanhu vavanhu vangatarisana nedzvinyiriro inobva kuvakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, vatungamiriri vebato, kana kuti mapoka ezvisarudzo kuti vaite mukurwisana nezvitendero zvavo zvetsika. Somuenzaniso, mubatiri wehurumende angakumbirwa kubvisa mvumo yomupi wezvamatongerwe enyika. Kudzivisa dzvinyiriro yakadaro kunoda ushingi netsigiro yesangano.
  • Resource Constrects: Nhetevedzo dzakaganhurirwa, kuperevedza kwavashandi, uye mabasa makuru zvinogona kuparira zvinetso zvetsika. Pavanotarisana nezvinodikanwa zvisingabviri, vashandi vavanhu vangaedzwa kucheka makona, kudzora mashoko, kana kuti kufuratira miitiro. Utungamiriri hwetsika hunobatanidza kutsigira nokuda kwezviwanikwa zvakakwana nepo unoramba kuvimbika mudzvinyiriro.
  • Kushatisa kwoushati hwetsika: kunogona kusekesa mipimo yetsika nokuvimbwa navanhu vose. Chiokomuhomwe, chizivano, kubiridzira zvimiro zvakanyanyisa zvomufambiro usina kururama. Nhamburiko dzokudzivisa uori dzinoda zvirongwa zvapamutemo zvakasimba, kudzikamisa kwazvimirira, uye tsika dzinoramba kurangwa.
  • Rack of Traing:[[FLT: 1] Kurovedza kwakakwana panhau dzetsika kunogona kusiya vabatiri voruzhinji vasina kugadzirira kuziva kana kuti kubata zvinetso. Kuputsa tsika kwakawanda kunotangira mukusaziva panzvimbo pezvakaipa. Dzidzo yetsika yenguva dzose inodikanwa.
  • Vashandi vapamhene vefariro: kazhinji kazhinji vane mabasa akawanda(saa vashandi, mitezo yemhuri, varidzi vebhizimisi, kana kuti vazvipiri venzanga. Makakatanwa anomuka apo fariro dzomunhu oga dzinodzongonyedza mabasa ehurumende. Disclosure, recum, uye kusvetuka zvirongwa zvekuzvidzora.
  • Tchekinyo yemajeri: Unyanzvi hutsva hwakadai souchenjeri hwokugadzira, kuita mirau, uye zvinobudisa nhau zvinopa zvinetso zvetsika zvamanomano. Tinova sei nechokwadi kana rametri ichiziva kuti yakakwana nokuda kwebetsero? Tinodzivirira sei kuva voga tichishandisa mashoko nokuda kwokunzvera kwemiitiro? Vabatiri vehurumende vanofanira kugadziridza tsika neaya mavhereji anochinja nokukurumidza.

Zvidzidzo Mukukundikana Kwechitendero Chakakwirira

Nhau yakazara nemienzaniso yekukundikana kwetsika kwakakanganisa chivimbo chavanhu. Chinonyadzisa cheWatergate muma1970, zvisakafanira zveFBI, uye zvinoitika zvemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru zvokusatarisira mumasangano akadai seVeterans Health Administration zvose zvinosimbisa miuyo yokuderera kwetsika. Muchinoitika chimwe nechimwe, kukundikana muutungamiriri, utarisiri, uye tsika dzesangano zvakabvumira kusazvibata kukura. Nokufunda izvi zviitiko, vabatiri vehurumende vazvino uno vanogona kudzidza kuziva zviratidzo zvokunyevera ndokuita chiito chinodzivisa.

Kusimudzira Tsika Yetsika Mumasangano Ebasa Revoruzhinji

Kutanga tsika mumasangano ebasa revoruzhinji kunokosha kuti pave nokubudirira kwenguva refu. Tsika dzinoreva tsika dzinowirirana, tsika, uye pfungwa dzinotungamirira mufambiro. Tsika ndeimwe inoita zvakanaka, kwete yakasiyana. Heino nzira dzokusimudzira tsika dzakadaro:

  • [ Chipikirwa cheProfinistry: Vatungamiriri vanofanira kuratidzira kuzvipira kumiitiro yetsika mushoko nomuchiito. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuisa mitemo nokuda kwepurogiramu dzetsika, kutaura pachena pamusoro peperero, uye kuzviisa vamene kumipimo yakakwirira zvikurusa.
  • Employee Paratition: Vashandi vanobatanidza miitiro nemiitiro yetsika inowedzera. Apo vashandi vanobetsera kuvamba mitemo yetsika kana kuti kutora rutivi mumatare etsika, vanonzwa kuva voga uye vane bviro huru yokunamatira kumipimo.
  • Nhevedzo dzinodzorwa: Mufambire wenzvero dzenguva dzose dzetsika mukati mesangano. Nzvero, mapoka esumo, uye kunzvera zvinogona kuzivisa nzvimbo dzengozi kana kuti itiro hanya. Miuyo inofanira kushandiswa kuvandudza miitiro nerovedzo.
  • Foastback Mechanism: Gadziriro dzemiitiro kuti vashandi vape musiyano panhau dzetsika(aiwanwa zvichibva pakudaidzwa). Iyi ingagona kuva bhokisi rokukarakadza, pureji yemichina, kana kuti ombudsperson. Dziroku rinofanira kurangarirwa zvakakomba ndokuitwa.
  • Kubatanidzwa neMaretagement yeMpinduro: Murangariro unofanira kuva mupimo mukuyera kushanda, kusimudzirwa, uye zvisarudzo zvokurovha. Kana sangano richikoshesa zvakajeka tsika, vashandi vanongwarira.
  • Miuyo Isingachinji: Kuzvibata kunofanira kuva nemiuyo. Zvingava kupfurikidza nechiito chokuranga, kurovedzazve, kana kuti kugumisa, sangano rinofanira kuratidzira kuti mufambiro usina kururama haubvumirwi. Kuchinja ndiko kunokosha kukuchengeta chivimbo mutsika.

Kuyera Tsika

Masangano anogona kushandisa zvishandiso zvakafanana neEthic Quotentien (EQ) kana kuti kuongorora kwesangano kuti aone kuti tsika dzavo dzakanaka ndedzipi. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa kwevashandi ruramisiro, kuvimba nevatungamiriri, uye kuda kushuma kusazvibata. Kuongorora nguva dzose kunoita kuti vatungamiriri vafambire mberi uye vazive nzvimbo dzinoda kuonekwa.

Maonero Enyika Yose Etsika Dzebasa Rinoitwa Nevanhu Vose

Nepo nheyo huru dzetsika dzebasa ravose dziri dzapasi pose, kushandiswa kwadzo kunosiana mutsika negadziriro dzezvematongerwe enyika. Munyika zhinji dzeNordic, mwero yakakwirira yechivimbo noushati hunotsigirwa nemirairo yenzanga yakasimba yenzanga, udzori hwezvokunze, uye nzanga yakasimba. Mukupesana, nyika dzinobuda murwisano kana kuti kutonga kwechisimba dzingatarisana nedenho huru zvikuru mukuvaka masangano etsika. Masangano amarudzi ose akadai seUnited Nations ne Sangano reChungaromente neDevelopment (OECD) zvinogovera nhungamiro nemiitiro yakanakisisa. Vabatiri vapachena munyika yose vanofanira kuva vanotapurira kupesana kwetsika kana kuti kuva nesimba panzvimbo dzakasiana - siyana mutsika apo dzinobatira pamwe munyika yose.

Kunzwisisa tsika dzebasa ravose kunokosha nokuda kwoutungamiriri hunobudirira nokudzora. Kupfurikidza nokuomerera kunheyo dzetsika dzakadai sokuona zvakanaka, kusasarura, kuzvidavirira, ruremekedzo, uye basa, uye kupfurikidza nokusimudzira tsika yeperero, vabatiri voruzhinji vanogona kuvaka chivimbo, kuzvidavirira, uye ruremekedzo munzanga dzavo. Kushandisa nhungamiro nokuda kwoutungamiriri hwetsika hunobudirira. () Kutungamirira kupfurikidza nomuenzaniso, kugovera rovedzo, kutanga miitiro yakajeka, uye kuziva tsika dzetsika dzinobetsera kudzora zvinetso zvakawanda zvinotarisana nazvo mubasa ravose nhasi. Nharidziro huru inoramba iripo: kuvimbisa kuti ngwariro yacho irambe iri pakubatira fariro yavose norukudzo netsauriro.