Hwaro Hwoutongi Hwomumiririri

Chirango chavose ichinhu chinokosha chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoshanda. Chinoshandura mutoo wemitemo kubva mukushandiswa kwemajoro kwakakwirira kuva kurukurirano inobatira pakati pavakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa navanhu vavanobatira. Apo vagari vemo vanogoverana mirangariro yavo pamitemo inokarakadzwa, migove yebhajeti, kana kuti mirayiridzo yemitemo, vanopa vagadziri vemitemo mashoko anokosha ayo pasina kunzvera kana kuti kunzvera kwounyanzvi kunogona kutora: ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwararama. Iyi revo inovimbisa kuti mutemo uratidze zvinodikanwa chaizvoizvo zvenzanga panzvimbo pemifungo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Pasina mipimo inosimba nokuda kwesundwa yavose, mitemo inova inova inova yakaparadza ruvimbiko kubva kuvanhu vanodzora, inoderedza kuvimba nokusakafanira kwemasangano ehurumende yehurumende inotonga.

Ukoshi hweiyi batano hahugoni kunyanyoziviswa. Mukuwirirana nenzvero inobva ku OECD pabvumirano yemitauro yehurumende , hurumende dzinoronga kutora rutivi kwavose dzinoona mwero yakakwirira yokutevedzerwa kwemitemo negutsikano yavagari vemo. Apo vanhu vanonzwa, sezvingabvira zvikuru vachagamuchira nharidzano dzakaoma dzemiitiro yenguva refu. Nenzira inopesana, kufuratira kubvumiranwa kwavose kunogona kutungamirira kukudzivisa, kuidzwa, kudzorwa, uye kunyange kusagadzikana kwenzanga. Chibvumirano hachisi muitiro wekudzokorodzano yetsika imwe; ikurukurirano inopfuurira pakati pechiremera nokuzvidavirira.

Chinokwezva Chokudyisa Kworuzhinji

Kubvuma pachena kunosvika kupfurikidza nenhevedzano yakasiana - siana yemikoto, imwe neimwe ine simba rakasiana neganhuriro. Vaiti vemitemo vanotsamira pamitoo imwe vanongova mungozi yokunzwa bedzi chikamu chiduku chezvisarudzo.

Horo Dzemataundi Nenhau Dzavose

Musangano wehoro yetaundi unoramba uri musimboti wehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Izvi zvinoitika zvinobvumira vagari vemo kumira pamberi pavamiririri vavo ndokupa uchapupu hwomunhu oga. Kurema kwemirangariro kwechitsama chinorondedzera kuti mutengi wedzimba waizotapura sei mhuri yavo kunogona kuchinja chimiro chemutengi wemitemo munzira idzo nhamba dzisingagoni. Zvisinei, horo dzemataundi dzinotambura kupinda zvishoma, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinokweva bedzi vanhu vane shungu zvikurusa kana kuti vanopandukira. Vanogadzirawo miganhu yavabereki vanoshanda, vanhu vane urema, uye avo vasina chokufambisa chakavimbika. Kukurukura izvi, mamwe masangano zvino anopa zviratidziro zvemichina zvechibharo izvo zvinobatanidza zvirongwa zvokupinda.

Kuzviisa Pasi Kwakanyorwa Nenhambo Dzokupindura

Masangano mazhinjisa emitemo anopa nhambo dzapamutemo apo vagari vemo namasangano vanogona kupa revo yakanyorwa pamabhiri anomira. Uyu mutoo unokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwenzvero younyanzvi (somuenzaniso, nyanzvi yemitero ingapa mapeji 50 etsanangudzo yemipimo yemari itsva. Zvisinei, kuwanda kukuru kwezvisarudzo kunogona kukurira vashandi. Federal Register yeU.S., somuenzaniso, inogamuchira mamirioni etsinhiro gore negore pamiraudzo mikuru. Vatengi vemitengo vanofanira kuvamba mitoo yakarongwa yokubatanidza nokuyera iyi miuyo mitsva yemari.

Zvigadzirwa Zvinobudisa Mashoko Nezvinhu Zvenzanga

Intaneti yave ichitora rutivi rwedemocracy munzira dzisingamboenzaniswi. Magweta zvino anogamuchira mhinduro chaiyo kupfurikidza nezviteshi zvemasangano enhau dzenzanga zvakadai se Twitter, Facebook, uye Istagram. Hashtags anogona kuronga mirangariro yavose panhau dzakati, uye mavhirikiti evhairasi anogona kumanikidza vagadziri vemitemo kuti vataure misoro yaasingadzivisi. Zvisinei, kunyorwa kwemifungo yemifungo kunoparwa kwakashata kukuita kuti kuve nehurukuro huru dzezvamatongerwe enyika mukati mekurukurirano huru yeTwigconformation. Naizvozvo vaiti veMiteo-mateme 2019 vanogona kubudisa mashoko [[FLTLD:0]]

Nzvero Nenzvimbo Dzavagari Vomunyika

Nzvero dzemitemo dzinopa chiverengero chakapesana neamburera kumativi ose kubva kunzwiro dzavose. Nzvero dzinosaitwa dzinogona kuzivisa icho `pav] mugari wemo anofunga, kwete bedzi anzwi mazhinjisa. Dzimwe hurumende dzakaita nhano nokubatanidza nzvimbo dzevagari vemo nenzvimbo dzinobatanidzwa ne(magovernel) yakasarudzwa namaune dzemasangano akaoma kunzwisisa. . [FLT:] .Citns]

Kutsiva Kunoita Kupa Mitemo Mirayiro: Mienzaniso Yakarongwa

Ukoshi hunofungidzirwa hwokubvuma kururamiswa navanhu hunoratidzirwa zvakanakisisa nokunzvera nhau dzakati umo kutaura kwevagari vemo kwakachinja zvakananga nzira yomutemo.

Kutarisira Utano Kuchinja uye Kurapa Kusingadhuri

Painyorwa Affordal Care Act (ACA) muna 2009-2010, zviuru zvevanhu vokuAmerica zvakagoverana nyaya dzokunzi zvakanyimwa inishuwarenzi nemhaka yemamiriro ezvinhu akanga agara aripo. Zvipupuriro izvi zvakabatsira pakuvimbisa kuti mutemo wokupedzisira waibatanidza kurambidza kuramba kwakadaro. Kuburitswa kwavose kwakapesvedzerawo kubatanidzwa kwezvinodikanwa zvokudzivirira nokukura kweMedicaid, kunyange zvazvo gare gare yakaitwa kuti ive yechisarudzo neDare gurusa. Pasina kudzoro yendangariro yenhau dzevagari vemo, ACAA ingadai yakavawo chikamu chakaderedzwa zvikuru chemitemo.

Kudzora Pfuti Pashure Pokupfura Zvizhinji

Pashure pekupfura kwa2018 paMarjory Stoneman Douglas High School muParkland, Florida, vadzidzi vakaronga nhimbe huru yokutsinhira yavose. Vakaronga kufamba, vakapupurira pamberi pedzimba dzomutemo dzehurumende, uye vakazara nezvinobudisa nhau nezvinorayira mitemo yepfuti. Nhamburiko dzavo dzakabetsera kupfuudza Marjory Douglas High Safety Act yeMarjory Public Safety Act, iyo yakamutsa zera duku rokutenga pfuti kusvikira ku 21 uye yakagadza nhambo yamazuva matatu yokumirira. Nepo mutemo wenyika wakaramba uri usinganzwisisiki, mamiriro ezvinhu enyika akaratidzira simba reMarjory Douglas High School Publicty Act, zvinopinzwa navanhu vose.

Kururamisira Zvakatipoteredza uye Inzwi Revanhu

Munjodzi yemvura yeFlint, yakanga isiri mishumo yesayenzi asi zvichemo zvinopfuurira zvavagari vemo izvo zvakamanikidzira pakupedzisira chiito chehurumende. Kwemwedzi, vagari vakashuma mvura ine ruvara nezviratidzo zvoutano, kuti zvingofuratirwa bedzi navakuru vakuru. Dambudziko racho rakava mhaka yenyika bedzi pashure pokunge vatori venhau vawedzera kujekeswa kwenzanga. Iyi ngwavaira yakatungamirira kukuchinja mumashandisirwe anoitwa miraudzo yemhoteredzo, kubatanidza kuvambwa kwe Office yeNzvakapoteredza Justices. Kusimbisa kuti chirevo kuti kushamiso hachisiwo zvako chirevo chakanaka asi dziviriro mukurwisana nokuregeredza.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvokuita Basa Rine Chinangwa

Pasinei nokuti kutaurirana nevamwe kunokosha, vanhu havamboratidzi kuti vanonyatsonzwisisa zvavanofunga.

Kuparadzana Kwemadhigirii

Munhamba dzinoshandiswa paIndaneti dzinobatanidza vagari vemo vasinganyatsowaniki paInternet. Maererano nePew Research Center, inenge 7% yevanhu vakuru veAmerica havashandisi Internet, uye nhamba iyi yakakwirira zvikuru pakati pevagari vomumaruwa, vakwegura, uye vakaderera. Kana matare emitemo achingovimba nezviteshi zvemichina, anoramba achidzikamisa vaya vanenge vatotarisana nokuderedzwa. Sangano dzinobudirira dzokupa mhinduro dzinofanira kubatanidza zvimwe zvinonyorwa paIndaneti zvakadai semafomu nepurogiramu dzinoteverwa nenzanga.

Zvinhu Zvakaoma uye Kukwanisa Kubudirira

Misangano miduku yemitemo yemitemo yakadai seiyo iri panzvimbo yehurumende kana kuti yomunzvimbomo − kazhinji kazhinji inoshaiwa vashandi kuronga mavhoriyamu makuru emashoko. Dare reguta rinorangarira chinjo inorongedzerwa ringagamuchira mazana eemail asi risina muongorori akazvipira kuaisa mumapoka. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kurukutika: panzvimbo pokusanoyera murangariro uri wose, vakuru vakuru vanokwevera kumubatanidzwa unoyeukwa kana kuti une masimba masimba. Ruzivo muruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwenyika, rwakadai sezvishandiso zvokugadzira mutauro, zvinogona kubetsera, asi hachisi chisaririra.

Kudya Zvitunha uye Kudya Kwakanaka

Mapoka efariro chaiyo anowanzogadzira nhimbe dzenyepedzera dzezvikepe--" dzinonzi “astraturfing""" kuti atange nzvero yetsigiro yakapararira yavose. Kunzvera 2020 kwakaitwa ne Guardian[ yakafukunura nhamburiko yakatsinhirana apo femu imwe yakatumira makumi ezviuru etsinhiro dzakafanana kuFederal Commission pasi pemazita akasiana. Nzira dzakadaro dzinoshatisa mutoo wekuzivisa nokumanikidza kupedza zvinhu kubvumikisa uchokwadi panzvimbo pokunzvera chinhu.

Dare Rokunyora Mabhii uye Kuchinja

Maaruki anodzivirira masangano ezvokukurukurirana paruzhinji anowanzoratidza vanoshandisa zvinhu zvinosimbisa zvavanodavira, zvichiita kuti vasadavire kana kuti vasada kudzorwa. Varegeredzi vanovimba neTwitter kana kuti Facebook vangangonzwa manzwi akanyanyisa kubva paboka ravo, nepo pfungwa dzine mwero kana kuti dzinozvimirira dzisingataurwi. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti vagadziri vemitemo vasabvuma kuoma kwepfungwa uye vasada kudzorwa pane zvavanoda kuti vazvitonge.

Kuyera Kunoita Vanhu Zvechokwadi

Kuwedzera kuti kupindura kwakati kuti kuchinja kwomutemo kwakaoma zvikuru. Vagadziri vemitemo vangataura pfungwa dzavo kuti vatsigire zvisarudzo zvavangadai vakaita, kana kuti vangaramba kuti zvinopesana ndezvechidimbu. Nzvero ya2021 yakaitwa neUniversity of Chicago yakaongorora mabhiri 1 200 ehurumende ndokuwana kuti mari yakatangwa pashure penhambo dzinokosha dzetsinhiro dzaiva 34% yakabvira kuti igadziridzwe zvikuru kana zvichienzaniswa nezvikwereti zvaibva mumugwagwa pasina kukurukurirana kwavose. Zvisinei, fundo yacho haigoni kuyera kana kugadziriswa chaizvoizvo kwamashoko avose kana kuti kungoita zvokungoshandisa kwoutongi hwezvamatongerwe enyika.

Imwe nzira inovimbisa kushandiswa kwe “kuongorora kwokudzosa,” apo vanzveri vakazvimirira vanoenzanisa mutemo wokupedzisira nechinyorwa chetsinhiro dzavose. Somuenzaniso, pashure pokunge European Union yagamuchira General Data Protection Reglide (GDPR), vanzveri vakanzvera kuti kuzviisa pasi kwevagari vemo kwakapesvedzera sei rugwaro rwokupedzisira. Vakawana kuti nepo gadziriro huru yakaumbwa navanonzvera veindasitiri, gadziriro dzinoverengeka dzepro-consumerro yakaita sekodzero yemashoko anowanikwa nenhau dzenzanga.

Maitiro Akakodzera Aiitwa Nevaiti Vemitemo

Kuti vawedzere kukosha kwokupa mhinduro dzavose pavanenge vachideredza zvinetso zvayo, vaiti vemitemo nevashandi vavo vanogona kuva netsika dzakanakisisa.

Makwara Anopa Mhosva Dzokudiridza

Hapana mukoto mumwe unobata munhu ari wose. Sangano rakasimba rinobatanidza kutemwa kwavose kwavose, kunzverwa kwamakombiyuta, kuteerera vesocial network, tsinhiro dzinotumirwa, uye zviitiko zvokupedzisa munharaunda dzinochengetwa. Mamwe matare okugadza ma “hofisi okuvimbisana akazvitsaurira. ” Anoita kuti pave negadziriro dzinobatanidza nhamburiko idzi uye anovimbisa kuti kudzokororwa kunoteswa, kurongwa, uye kupfupikiswa nokuda kwevaiti vechisarudzo.

Shandisa Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Kudzora Vhoriyamu

Ungwaru hwokugadzira uye zvishandiso zvokudzidzira michina zvinogona kubetsera kuronga mavhoriyamu makuru etsinhiro kupfurikidza nomusoro, mirangariro, uye kwakabva. Somuenzaniso, Canadian House of Commons inoshandisa chishandiso cheAl chinonzi e-Comment kubetsera maMP kupindura zvinoiswa mumifungo. Zvisinei, aya maturusi anofanira kuva anojeka uye anopindwa pachena kuti ashandei. Vaiti vemitemo vanofanira kubudisa kupetwa kwokuvandukira kwakaitwa uye uremu hwakapiwa.

Vanza Tambo Nevanhu Vari Munzvimbo Yacho

Chimwe chezvichemo zvinozivikanwa zvikurusa pamusoro pokupa tsinhiro ipfungwa yokuti inonyangarika mugomba dema. Vagadziri vemitemo vanofanira kutanga miitiro inoziviswa pamusoro pokuti mubato wavo wakashandiswa sei (kana kuti nei usina kushandwa. Kunyange tsamba iri nyore inotaura kuti “tsinhiro dzako papepa resimba rinomutsidzira dzakanyorwa; dzakabetsera kubatanidzwa kwechikwereti chemitero yezuva” dzinogona kuvaka chivimbo ndokukurudzira kutora rutivi munguva yemberi. Iyi “kuzivisa nzira” muitiro ichiratidzo chehurumende inogamuchira.

Dzidzisa Vanhu Vose Pazvinenge Zvichiitwa

Vagari vemo vakawanda havazivi kuti vangapa sei mhinduro dzinobudirira. Vangaisa mashoko epfungwa panzvimbo pokukakavadzana, kana kuti vangaisa pfungwa pamashoko asina basa. Mabhuku anogona kubudisa nhungamiro pamusoro pokunyora uchapupu hunonyengetedza (muenzaniso, kukurudzira vanhu kududza zvikamu zvakati zvechibvumirano, kupa mashoko kana kuti nyaya dzomunhu oga, uye kukarakadza zvimwe zvinhu. Website yeParamende yeNew Zealand inosanganisira “ Kuva ne “Say Your Power” [ inotsanangura nguva yeChibvumirano chemitemo uye mashandisiro.

Kushomeka Kwezvokudya Zvoruzhinji

Kuunganidzwa nokushandiswa kwokupa mhinduro dzavose kunomutsa mibvunzo yetsika isingagoni kufuratirwa navaiti vemitemo. Kuva woga kuri kukuru: vagari vemo vangazengurira kugoverana mirangariro inotapura kana vachitya kuti vachazivikanwa kana kuti vachashandiswa. Mamwe mativi anobvumira kuzviisa pasi kusingazivikanwi, asi ikoku kunozarura suo kukubatwa zvisina kufanira. Kudzikamisa kwakarurama kunoda mitemo yakajeka pamusoro pokubata napamwero pamusoro pokuti tsinhiro dzichashandiswa sei.

Imwe itiro hanya yetsika ingozi ye “kuneta.” Apo vagari vemo vanokumbirwa kugovera revo pakuchinja kuduku kuri kwose kwokudzora, vangava vanotsoropodza kana kuti vanorega kutora rutivi pamwe chete. Vaiti vemitemo vanofanira kuisa kurukurirano dzenhau dzinotapura chaizvoizvo upenyu hwavanhu ndokudzivisa kurovedza kusingashandisi chinhu kwakagadzirirwa kugutsa zvinodikanwa zvendangariro. Kuvimbisana kwechokwadi, kwete kuwanda, ndiko kunosimbisa hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kupedzisa: Nguva Yemberi Yokudyisa Kwomutemo

Chirango chavose chichangokura bedzi sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ruchichinja, kuchinja kwenhamba dzinochinja kuvhota, uye nhano yomutemo inokurumidza. Ungwaru hwokugadzira hungagona nokukurumidza kugonesa kunzvera murangariro chaiwoiwo kwamamirioni etsinhiro, nepo kujekeswa kwamavhaira kungava kunoderedza kunzwika kwemifungo. Chinetso chikuru chinoramba chisina kuchinjwa: mitemo inoitwa pasina kubvumira kwavadzorwi hachisi chepamutemo. Vagadziri vemitemo vanopinza mumitemo yakasiana, inosvikika, uye yemhinduro dzinodavirira havasati vachingoparira bedzi mitemo iri nani asi vanosimbisawo dare rehurumende inorevesa chiremera chavo. Chinetso hachisi kungounganidza bedzi kutsinhira asi kuteerera kuti chishate pazvinonzwiwa.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve kwemiitiro yakanakisisa mubvumirano yavose, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Application inopa nhungamiro dzinozivikanwa zvikuru. Savagari vemo, tinofanira kuraira kuzvidavirira ndokushandisa zvishandiso zvinowanika kwatiri (hwuva stour hour to getmaption) kana kuti kepio yemahrobhai inodzora mitemo inodzora upenyu hwedu.