Table of Contents

Kutarisira kweCongress kunomirira mumwe wemiitiro inokosha zvikuru iyo hurumende yeUnited States inochengeta nayo kuzvidavirira, kuoneka, uye dzikamo yebumbiro remitemo yesimba. Savagari vehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, kunzwisisa kuti Congress inotarisira sei zviito zvehurumende zvinopa vanhu simba rokuita kuti vabudirire zvikuru muupenyu hwehurumende uye kuti vamiririri vavo vakasarudzwa vazvidavirire. Iyi nhungamiro ine udzame inoita kuti pave negadziriro yakaoma yechekero nedzikano izvo zvinogonesa kuti Congress atarisire bazi rebazi rehurumende, maturusi nemashandisiro anoshandiswa mugadziriro iyi, uye nzira dzinoshanda vagari vemo vanogona kuramba vachiziva nayo pamusoro pemibato yehurumende.

Chirongwa Chomutemo Chokutarisira Dare

Kudzora isimba rinorehwa panzvimbo pesimba rinotaurwa muU.S. Constitution, sezvo harna kubvumira zvakajeka chibvumirano chehurumende chiremera chokuitisa kubvunza kana kuti kunzvera kwomutungamiriri, kuva nemhindu yezvinyorwa kana kuti zvinhu zvakachengetwa namukuru mukuru, kana kuti kupa zvikamu zviduku zvezvinyorwa kana kuti ufakazi hunobva kumukuru mukuru wehurumende. Pakanga pane kurukurirano duku yesimba rokutarisira, kuhwirudzura, kana kuti kunzvera mubato mukuru mukuru paGungano reMitemo ra1787 kana kuti gare gare gare muThe Federalist List Pepers, nemhaka yokuti kutarisira nechiremera charo chayo chinoshanda zvakaonwa sesimba romuzvarirwo remagungano anomirira ayo aiita mutemo wapachena.

Dare Gurusa rakasimbisa zvakasimba kuti simba rakadaro rinokosha kwazvo kumubato wemitemo zvokuti rinofanira kurehwa kubva mukupiwa kwamasimba ose emitemo muCongress muChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo. Kufurira kunowana mumasimba akawanda anoratidzira akasiana- siyana eCongress muBumbiro reMitemo, kunoreva muchiremera chedare remitemo kumari yakafanira, kugadza mitemo, kugovera nokutsigira mauto, kuzivisa hondo, uye kubvisa muhofisi, muteveri wapurezidhendi, uye vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende, sezvo Congress aisagona kushandisa masimba aya nenzira ine mufungo kana kuti nenzira yakafanira pasina kuziva izvo mukuru mukuru akanga achiita.

George Mason weVirginia akataura paFederal Convention kuti Mitezo yeCongress "haisi bedzi Vatongi asi vane masimba ebvunzurudzo" uye "inofanira kusangana kazhinji kazhinji kuti aongorore Mufambiro wehofisi dzavose. Iyi mirangariro yenhau inosimbisa kuti Vawanwa vainzwisisa kudikanwa kwokutarisira kwemitemo, kunyange kana vasina kuidudza zvakajeka muBumbiro remitemo.

Kusimbiswa Kwamasimba Okutarisira kweDare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa

Dare Rapamusoro rakasimbisa rasimbisazve chiremera chakafara cheCongress kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zvechiratidzo. MuWatkins v. United States, Dare rakataura kuti "simba reCongress rokunzvera riri mumiitiro yomutemo. Simba iroro rakafara. Rinobatanidza kubvunza pamusoro pokutarisirwa kwemitemo iripo pamwe chete neinokarakadzwa kana kuti sezvinobvira mirau inodikanwa."

MuBarenblatt v. United States, Dare rakazivisa kuti "kukura kwesimba rokubvunza kwasvika uye kunosvika kure sesimba rinobvira rokugadza nokukodzera muBumbiro remitemo" misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru, muTrump v. Mazars USA, LLP, Dare rakasimbisa kuti "pasina mashoko, Dare ringave richipfura murima, risingakwanisi kunyora nokuchenjera kana kuti nenzira inobudirira."

Kubatanidzwa Kwomutemo Kwoutariri

Gwendesa Reorganisation Act ya 1946, kwenguva yokutanga, rakadana zvakajeka "utariri hwechikwata" mumutemo wavose, kutungamirira Imba neDare zvamabhii akamira "kushandisa kurinda kunopfuurira" pamusoro pepurogiramu namasangano ari pasi poudzori hwazvo, kubvumira vashandi venyanzvi, uye kuvandudza masimba e Comptroller General. Iri dare rechiratidzo rakaitwa kuti rive rakarongwa kuva simba remitemo yapamutemo rakarongwa.

Mutemo weLegislative Reorganization Act wa 1970 wakabvumira dare rimwe nerimwe rakamira ku "kurangarira nokufunda, pahwaro hunopfuurira, kushandiswa, kudzorwa nokuitwa kwemitemo pasi poudzori hwaro, yakawedzera vashandi vanodzidzira vamatare, yakawedzera betsero yakapiwa neCongregationalional Research Service, uye yakasimbisa kurangarirwa kwepurogiramu kwemitoro yeGAO. Uku kuwedzerwa kwomutemo kwakakudziridza zvikuru simba reCongress rokuita tarisiro ine redonzo.

Kunzwisisa Mabasa Okutarisira Misangano

Iri basa rokutarisira rinoshanda muzvinangwa zvakawanda zvinokosha zvinopfuura kungoongorora zviri nyore kuti pave nokuzvidavirira, kuonekwa, uye kudzivirirwa kwemitemo yehurumende.

Madonzo Epurogiramu

Kutarisira kweCongress kunobatira mabasa anokosha epurogiramu ayo anotapura zvakananga mashandire anoita hurumende. Kunzvera kwegadziriro yegadziriro yegadziriro kunoshandisa sayenzi yenzanga nemitoo yokutarisira mamiriro ezvinhu . yakadai senzvero, rondedzero dzemari, uye fundo dzekubudirira (*) kuyera kushanda kwepurogiramu dzinopfuurira, mashoko pamusoro pokuva anobetsera kuCongress sezvainoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pegadziriro dzehurumende uye uwandu hwemari yadzichagamuchira.

Kupfurikidza neiyi nzvero, Congress inogona kuziva gadziriro dziri kushanda zvakanaka uye dzakafanirwa nokupfuuridzirwa kana kuti nemari yakawedzerwa, pamwe chete neiyo iri kukundikana kusvitsa nharidzano dzayo ndokuda chinjo kana kuti kubviswa. uku kunzvera kwakavakirwa paufakazi kunobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti muripi wemitero madhora anopedzwa nenzira inobudirira uye kuti gadziriro dzehurumende dzinoita miuyo yadzo yakarondwa.

Madonzo Esangano

Madonzo esangano anobatanidza kunzvera simba rebazu guru, kunzvera kuti mutemo uri kupiwa sei, uye kuzivisa Congress nevoruzhinji, kubatira kudzivirira maruramiro esangano ndokusimbisa mano evoruzhinji veAmerica okuyera mibato yehurumende nezviito. Mabasa aya okuronga anokosha kukuchengeta kuparadzaniswa kwemasimba uye kudzivirira bazu rimwe rehurumende kuti risawane chiremera chakanyanyisa.

Vatsinhiri vazhinji, vanzveri vemiitiro yavose, uye vaiti vemitemo vanotaura kuti Purezidhendi navakuru vakuru vangafuratira kana kuti kuronga kusina mufungo munharaunda dzakasiana - siana, zvakadai sokuiswa kwemari, ropafadzo yakakwirira, uye masimba ehondo. Kutarisira kweDare kunoshanda senzvero yakakomba mukurwisana nechiremera chakadaro chinonyengera, vachivimbisa kuti maruramiro ebumbiro remitemo emitemo anoremekedzwa uye anodzivirirwa.

Kutonga Kwematongerwe Enyika

Utungamiriri hunoitika mumugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika wazvino uno umo ukama hweCongress namasangano anodzora hunogona kuvambira pabatira pamwe kusvikira kurwisano, nekakavadzano yomuzvarirwo yebumbiro remitemo nezvamatongerwe enyika pakati peCongress naPurezidhendi kunyange mukati menhambo dzehurumende yakabatana. Kunzwisisa uku uku kurevererwa kwezvematongerwe enyika kunokosha nokuda kwavagari vemo vanotsvaka kududzira mibato youtariri nemiuyo yazvo.

Nzvero dzeCuarsions hadzingobatsiri bedzi vaiti vemitemo kuita zvisarudzo zvemiitiro zviri nani, asi iko kunokosha kugadziriro yechekero nedzikamo, nenzwi rinonzvera rinokwanisa kuwana kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwapurezidhendi kwesimba noushati, zvakadai sechipokanidzo cheTeapot Dome muma 1920 kana kuti Watergate muma 1970. Kunzvera uku kwakakwirira kunoratidzira basa rinokosha rinoitwa mukuchengeta kuzvidavirira kwehurumende.

Kukura Kwakaita Mabasa Anoda Kutarisirwa Akasiyana - siyana

Nhasi, kutarisira kwesangano kunogona kuitika munodokuva mumubato upi noupi wemitemo uye kupfurikidza nemhatsa huru yemikoto, masangano, uye zvivako, nemibato inovambira pakutonga kwedare kwakarongwa kusvikira kuonano yavakuru vakuru vehurumende; kubva pafundo dzavashandi kusvikira kuhwirudzuro dzokutsigira; uye kubva mukushanda kwenhau dzinoitiswa namahofisi eCombo kufundo dzinogadzirirwa namasangano asingadi kutungamirira akadai savamiriri navaongorori vakuru vakuru.

Kutarisira Kwakarongwa Kwemichina

Kutarisira kwourongwa kunobatanidza miitiro yakarongeka ine miitiro yakajeka nezvinyorwa. Kutongwa kwedare kunomirira chimiro chinooneka zvikurusa choutariri, umo vakuru vakuru vebazu vanopupurira mumhiko pamusoro pemibato yemasangano avo, mitemo, uye kushandiswa kwemari yakarongwa. Uku kutonga kunoita chinyorwa chavose chokuti vagari vemo vanogona kupinda ndokuhwirudzurwa.

Kuongorora kunoumba mumwe muitiro wenguva dzose, kazhinji kazhinji unobatanidza zvikumbiro zvikuru zvechinyorwa, bvunzurudzo, uye mishumo ine udzame.

Mibato Yokutarisira Yamasanga

Kutarisira kwamasanga kunoitika nguva dzose kupfurikidza nemikoto yakasiana- siyana ingasaparira ngwariro yavose asi inoramba iri inokosha kukutarisira kwehurumende kunobudirira. Kukurukurirana pakati pamahofisi esangano namasangano anotungamirira kunopfavisa kutsinhana mashoko kunopfuurira uye kupedza chinetso. Mitezo mimwe nemimwe yeDare yenhau inoshandira nokuda kwavagari vemo, uko kazhinji kazhinji kunozivisa nhau dzegadziriro mukati megadziriro dzehurumende dzinoda kunzvera kukuru.

Iyi miitiro isina kurongwa inobvumira Dare kuramba richiziva mibato yebazu ravakuru vakuru pasina zvinodikanwa zvokushandisa zvokunzvera kwakarongwa. Inoitawo kuti kuzivikanwa kwokutanga kwezvinetso zvingangovapo kusati kwakura kuva magakava makuru anoda kupindira kwepamutemo.

Zvishandiso Zvinokosha Zvokutarisira Magungano

Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunobatsira vagari vemo kunzwisisa kuoma kunzwisisa kwebasa rokutarisira uye nzira dzakasiyana - siyana idzo Dare rinoita nadzo kuti vawane mashoko uye kuzvidavirira.

Dare Rinotonga uye Rinoongorora

Dare rinoita basa raro rokutarisira nokuteerera uye kutarisira mabasa esangano, mabasa nemitemo.

Mitongo inogona kuva nezvimiro zvakasiyana- siyana, kubva pamarusando emiitiro anotarisira ayo mabasa esangano anohwirudzura kusvikira kukunzvera kukuru kwokunzi kusazvibata kana kuti kukundikana kwemiitiro. Dare rinopa mhesano dzenhau, kubva pakushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesteroid mumitambo yenyanzvi kusvikira kukushandiswa kwemasetilaiti emamiriro okunze, nokunzwa kunoshandiswawo kufambisira mberi kodzero dzemapoka mashoma. Uku kufara kunoratidzira ukuru hukuru hwechiremera chokutarisira.

Simba Renyika Rinotakurika

Mitemo yeimba neDare inopa chiremera chokupa zviputu zvehurumende kudare riri rose rakasimba, nenzira iyo mapopoka maduku anobudiswa nayo nenzira yakasiana nedare uye nekamuri, somuImba anenge matare ose zvino anopa simba zvigaro zvawo kuti ape zvigaro zvepopo, nepo muDare rakawanda zvikurusa richida kuti chigaro chitange kuwana kubvumirwa nenhengo yapamusoro.

Simba duku rinogonesa Congress kumanikidza kubudiswa kwezvinyorwa nezvipupuriro zvinobva kuvose vari vaviri vakuru vakuru vehurumende navagari vemo voga.Dare rine zvishandiso zvinoverengeka zvarinogona kuwana zvose zviri zviviri kuwana mashoko kupfurikidza nekurukurirano uye kumanikidza kuwirirana nedare. chiremera ichi chinokosha apo masangano anoramba kubatira pamwe nokuzvidira nemibvunzo yedare.

Imba yacho yakagombedzera kupinda kwezvapupu chifo cha 1795, apo yakanzvera kuedza kupfumbamuromo Mitezo, nenhau dzapakuvamba dzehurumende yapashure pehurumende nemasimba okuzvidza zvakanangidzira ngwariro pakubatwa zvisina kufanira kana kuti kushorwa kweImba imene, sezvo Robert Randall, mutarisiri wenzvimbo, akanga ari munhu wokutanga kuzvidza Dare, neHouse Sergeant - Arms yakapiwa chiremera chokumusunga ndokumuisa pamberi peImba, umo akatukwa ndokuiswa mutorongo yomunzvimbomo kwevhiki.

Kumanikidzirwa Kwemichina Yokusawirirana

Kutarisira kweCongregary nenzvero zvinogona kuva zvinotsiva, zvikurukuru apo sangano rinodenhwa ($angava munhu oga, sangano, kana kuti sangano rebazu rinotonga) rinopa mashoko ayo Congress anorangarira kuva ari madikanwa kukubvunza kwaro, nesangano rakaitirwa nhamburiko ringaedza mitoo inoverengeka kudzivisa kuziviswa, zvakadai sokusimbisa kuti mashoko acho haagoni kuziviswa nemhaka yomutemo wakananga, mutemo, kana kuti chisarudzo choukuru.

Dare ringatsvaka kutongerwa mumwe nomumwe mhaka yokusawirirana nedare kupfurikidza nokuzvidza nhau dzeCongress.

Kukumbira Sechishandiso Chinofambisa

Simba rechikwama rinomirira chimwe chezvishandiso zveCongress zvine simba zvikuru. Kana Congress ichidavira kuti sangano ratsauka pamurairo waro wapakuvamba, Congress inogona kupindura munzira dzinoverengeka, kubatanidza kupfuudza mutemo kumitongo yesangano kana kuti kuganhurira simba resangano racho, uye kushandisa simba raro rokudzora mari yesangano racho.

Masangano ose ehurumende anobhadharwa kupfurikidza nokukurukurirana kwedare regore negore, nokupiwa mari nokuda kwesangano rimwe nerimwe kunobatanidzwa mune rimwe remari gumi nembiri dzinorangarirwa neDare gore rimwe nerimwe.

Dare reHurumende rinogona kushandisa vatasvi vemaapuro kuti vaise ganhuriro dzakati pamasangano anopedzera mari yawo, achitungamirira kana kuti kumanikidza nenzira inobudirira mibato yesangano kupfurikidza nemitoo yemari.

Mishumo, Mishumo, uye Kunzvera Kunoita

Zvinodikanwa izvi zvokushuma zvinoparira mashoko anopfuurira anogonesa kupfuurira kugonesa kutarisira kusingadi kuongororwa zvikuru. Zvirongwa zvinofanira kururamisa zviito zvavo ndokuratidzira migumisiro, zvichiziva kuti Dare richahwirudzura mishumo yazvo uye zvingatevera mibvunzo kana kuti kunzwa.

Purofesa Kenneth Lowande anozivisa mapoka mana emishumo yesangano rokutarisira: zviwanwa (mhedziso dzeidi pamusoro pezvinoitika zvomunguva yakapfuura), rumbidzo (kukarakadza kuita muitiro kana kuti zvimwe chinjo dzakaitirwa kuita muuyo unoshuviwa), nouku kunzvera kuchiva kunobetsera nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri kugadziridza nharidzano nokuda kwebasa routarisiri uye kuziva zvirongwa zvokuita nharidzano idzodzo, sokunge kuti nharidzano imwe yomubato wakati ndeyokuunganidza mashoko okutsigira mutemo womunguva yemberi, ipapo kungava kunobetsera kuronda mitsetse yokubvunza iyo ichazivisa rumbidzo dzemitemo.

Basa Ramatare Emisangano Yeungano Pakutarisira

Chiremera chokutarisira uye chokuongorora chinogara mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri, idzo dzakapawo chiremera ichi kumatare ekamuri rimwe nerimwe, ane masimba avakapiwa nematare aingopiwa nemapoka avo evabereki. Chirongwa ichi chakavakirwa padare chinobvumira kuti Congress atarisire nounyanzvi munzvimbo yose huru yemabasa ehurumende yehurumende.

Matare Akamira Nezvirango Zvawo

Dare rimwe nerimwe rakasimba muImba neDare rine udzori panharaunda dzakati dzemiitiro uye masangano anotungamirira anoshanda mukati menzvimbo idzodzo.

Iyi gadziriro yehurumende inovimbisa kuti matare akudziridze unyanzvi munharaunda dzawo dzakagoverwa, achigonesa kutarisirwa kwounyanzvi zvikuru uye kunobudirira.

Dare Repaimba Rinotarisira uye Rekuchinja Hurumende

Dare reImba reUtamberi naReformation reHurumende rine chiremera chakasiyana sedare guru rinoongorora muImba yavamiririri. Dare reImba paPurestry and Government Reformation "rinorarama mukuwirirana nemukurumbira waro sedare iro risingatongorari,'" nenhamburiko dzinopfuurira kuvimbisa hurumende yehurumende inobudirira, inoshanda, inojeka, uye inozvidavirira kuvanhu veAmerica.

Dare iri rine simba rakafara rokuongorora nhau ipi neipi iri muhurumende yehurumende, kunyange apo mamwe matare ane chiremera chikuru pamasangano akati kana kuti nzvimbo dzemitemo. Iri chiremera chikuru chinogonesa dare kuitisa kunzvera kwehurumende yose uye kukurukura nhau dzinopfuura miganhu yegamuchidzanwa.

Makambani Nevashandi Vemakomiti

Mitezo iyi inosanganisira vaongorori, vanoongorora mitemo, magweta, uye nyanzvi dzinoongorora nyaya dzinoongorora magwaro esangano, dzinobvunzurudza, dzinoongorora mashoko, uye dzinogadzirira mishumo yenhengo dzematare.

Kuitwa kwounyanzvi kwevashandi vedare, zvikurukuru kutevera Legislative Reorganization Acts muna 1946 na1970, kwakavandudza zvikuru simba reCongress. Matare anogona zvino kuita nzvero dzakaoma uye kuongorora kungava kusingabviri kuti nhengo imwe neimwe ipe mitoro yayo yakawanda inokwikwidza.

Hofisi Yokuzvidavirira yeHurumende: Chikamu cheCongress

United States Government Accountability Office (GAO) isangano rehurumende riri mukati mebazu remitemo reUnited States iro rinogovera mabasa okunzvera, kuongorora, uye kunzvera nokuda kweUnited States Congress munzvimbo yakazvimirira neisiteri. Inozivikanwawo se "conreparion souchenjeri."

Mubato weGAO neMibato

GAO inogovera Congress, vakuru vemasangano anotungamirira, uye vanhu vane mashoko akakodzera nguva, akavakirwa paidi, asiri echechi anogona kushandiswa kuvandudza hurumende uye kuchengetedza mabhiriyoni emadhora, nebasa rinoitwa pachikumbiro chematare esangano kana kuti vamiririri kana kuti vatarisiri vamasangano vakaderera vanorayirwa nemitemo kana kuti mishumo yedare.

Sangano racho rinoita bvunzurudzo, bvunzurudzo, uye kuongorora uye rinopa kuongorora kwepamutemo kuDare, richiita basa parinenge rakumbirwa neCongress uye pasi pechiremera cheComptor General. Iri zita rakasununguka rinogonesa GAO kuita nhevedzano pasina dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika inobva kumapazu evakuru vakuru kana kuti emitemo.

Kutanga Kwakaita GO

GAO yakaitwa seDare Rinozvidavirira neBhault and Accounting Act ya1921, nechiito chinoda musoro weGAO kunzvera, padzimbahwe rehurumende kana kuti kune imwe nzvimbo, nhau dzose dzine chokuita neritari yacho, kubvisa, uye kushandiswa kwemari yavose, uye kuita kuPurezidhendi uye kuCongress anotarisira kumishumo mikuru yemari kana kuti kushanda zvakanaka mundyiko dzavose.

Zita racho rakachinjwa muna 2004 kuva Office yeHurumende yeRecostance Accouncity neGAO Human Capital Reform Act kuti iratidze zviri nani basa rehofisi. Muna 2004, chibvumirano chesangano racho chakawedzerwa kubatanidza kuongorora kugadzirwa kwemari, zvichibvumira kuvandudzwa kwokuzvimirira kwezvirongwa zvehurumende zviri kuwirirana zvakanaka nezvinenge zvichitarisirwa kuti zvibudirire uye zvibudirire, zita resangano racho richichinjwa kuHofisi yeHurumende yeMasainzi yeMasande panguva iyoyo kuti riratidze basa rayo rakawedzerwa.

GOO’s ress actives of Government

GAO inonzvera kuti madhora anotera mutero anopedzerwa sei ndokugovera masangano eCongress nehurumende vavariro, asiri apartisan, mashoko eidi kuti abetsere hurumende kuchengeta mari nokushanda nenzira inobudirira zvikuru, ichiziva anenge madhora ane mabhiriyoni 62,7 mubetsero dzemari nokuda kwehurumende yehurumende, nepo achinyorawo betsero dzemari dzisiri dzechikaro, kufambisa vafambisi vegadziriro dzehurumende kubatanidza idzo dzakatsaurirwa kuchengeteko yavose, chengeteko yorudzi, uye vanhu vasina kudzivirirwa savana, vagara nebasa, uye avo vane urema.

Idzi betsero huru dzemari dzinoratidzira ukoshi hweGAO sechishandiso chokutarisira. Kupfurikidza nokuziva tsvina, kunyengera, kushatiswa, uye kusakwanisa, GAO inobetsera Congress kuvimbisa kuti mari yomutero inopedzerwa nenzira yakafanira uye kuti gadziriro dzehurumende dzinoita zvinangwa zvadzo zvakarondwa. Betsero dzisiri dzemari, nepo dzakaoma kurangarira, dzingava dzinokosha zvakafanana mukuvandudza mabasa ehurumende nokudzivirira vanhu vasina dziviriro.

Mutungamiriri Wezvirongwa

Comptroller General weUnited States anotungamirira Hurumende yeAccounting Office, sangano riri mukati mebazu remitemo rehurumende yehurumende, richibatira somukuru mukuru wehurumende weGAO ane mutoro wose wose nokuda kwebasa resangano racho, achishanda mumutoo usiri wepapati uye usiri wezvemagariro ehurumende nemitezo yokunze, sezvo GAO inotsigira Congress mukuita mitoro yayo yebumbiro remitemo uye mukubetsera kuvandudza kushanda uye kuvimbisa kwokuzvidavirira kwehurumende yomubatanidzwa nokuda kwokubetserwa kwavanhu veAmerica.

Chifo cha 1980, coptorller mukuru akagadzwa kushoko rimwe ramakore gumi namashanu napurezidhendi nezano nemvumo yeDare, Congress ichitanga kugadza musangano wokurumbidza vanhu vanenge vatatu kuti purezidhendi asarudze kubva pamberi pepurezidhendi kuita zita rokugadza. Uyu muitiro wokugadza wechienzi, unobatanidza mapazi ose ari maviri uye kubudisa shoko rimwe refu, unobetsera kudzivirira Comptroller General mudzvinyiriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika uye unovimbisa kuzvimirira.

Miganhu Pachiremera Chesangano

Kunyange zvazvo masimba eDare anotarisira ari makuru, ane ganhuriro. Kunzwisisa idzi ganhuriro kunokosha nokuda kwavagari vemo vanotsvaka kuyera mibato yokutarisira yesangano nemiganhu yavo yapamutemo.

Mitemo yeBumbiro reMitemo

Nepo simba rokunzvera rakafara, Dare Rapamusorosoro rakatonga kuti Congress inofanira kuzviganhurira imene ku "zvinangwa zvinoparira kusava nomufungo" ndokudzivisa nhau dzomunhu oga dzakasimba dzevagari vemo. Ichi chinodikanwa chinovimbisa kuti Dare rishandise masimba aro okutarisira kuzivisa mitemo nokutarisira kushanda kwehurumende, panzvimbo pokuita nzvero nokuda kwamadonzo ezvamatongerwe enyika chaiwoiwo kana kuti kuvhozhokera zvakavanzika zvomunhu oga pasina fariro yepamutemo yehurumende.

Dare rapamusoro rakataura muBarenblatt v. United States kuti "Chorrent, muwirirano namativi ose eHurumende, anofanira kushandisa masimba ake pasi peganhuriro dzakaiswa neBumbiro remitemo pachiito chehurumende," kubatanidza "ganhuriro dzakakodzera dzeBill of Rights," uye muTrump v. Mazars USA, LLP kuti "Vatsigiri vemitemo yepasi pepuena vanochengeta maruramiro avo emitemo mukati menzira yokunzvera."

Kuparadzana Kwesimba Kunofunga

Kunyange zvazvo chiremera cheCongress chokutarisira chiri chikuru, hazvina kugumira, kana nyaya dzichimuka dzisiri pachena zvachose kana Dare riine simba rokuita chimwe chinhu chakananga kana kuti rokuunganidza mashoko akati, sezvo uyu ungava mubvunzo wakaoma unobatanidza mibvunzo yomutemo uye kuparadzanisa kwakakodzera masimba.

Kupiwa ropafadzo yakananga kunomirira imwe nharaunda umo kuparadzanisa kwamasimba kunomuka kazhinji kazhinji.Mapurezidhendi angataura kuti kurukurirano dzakati kana kuti magwaro anodzivirirwa pakubvunza kwedare kuchengeta zvakavanzika zviri madikanwa nokuda kwokuita zvisarudzo zvavakuru vakuru zvinobudirira. Dare nebazu rapamusoro kazhinji kazhinji zvinofanira kukurukura idzi nharo, nematare panhambo nenhambo kupindira kupedza rwisano.

Zvatisingakwanisi Kuita

Chisarudzo pamusoro penhau dzinobvira dzokutarisira dzokuronda chakavakirwa parutongeso nenharidzano zvavatungamiriri vesangano, matare, uye Mitezo mimwe nemimwe, nokurangarira kunobatanidza zvinhu zviri kunze kwoukuru hwemabhuku outariri, kunyange zvazvo kurangarira kwenhau neunyanzvi kungava kwakafanira kuidzi kurukurirano, kubatanidza chiremera cheDare chokuita mibato yakati yokutarisira, pfuma inodikanwa kupedza nenzira inobudirira gadziriro yokutarisira, uye muuyo unokarirwa wokutarisira kunobudirira.

Zviwanikwa zveCongress, nepo zvichiripo zvikuru, zvinofanira kuva nenhamba. Matare anofanira kuisa nzvimbo yokutanga pakati pevangada kutarisirwa, achidzikamisa ukoshi hwenhau dzakasiyana - siyana, bviro yokuwana migumisiro ine revo, kurangarira kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kutsigira kunowanika kwavashandi uye mari. Izvi zvinoshanda zvinoreva kuti nhau dzakawanda dzinobvira dzinowana ngwariro yakaganhurirwa kana kuti kusatongowana.

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vanogona Kuwana Nayo Mashoko Anokamuraniswa

Vagari vomunharaunda vane nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokuwana nadzo mashoko pamusoro pemabasa okutarisira uye kuramba vachiziva kuti Dare rinotungamirira sei hurumende.

Makokororero Apamutemo Echechi

Congress.gov inoshanda senzvimbo huru yemashoko emitemo, kubatanidza kutonga kwedare, mishumo, uye magwaro. Vagari vanogona kutsvaka kutongwa kupfurikidza nemisoro, dare, kana kuti musi, uye marekodhi okupinda, uchapupu, uye magwaro anopiwa. Website yacho inopa mashoko akakwana pamusoro pemibato yemisika yazvino neyokuronga, ichiiita chinhu chinokosha zvikuru nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa kutarisirwa kwedare.

Nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzosanganisira mapurogiramu okuteerera, mavhidhiyo akachengetwa, mishumo yevashandi, uye mapepanhau anobudisa mashoko matsva okuongorora kana kuti zvawanikwa. Dare reHouse on Oversing and Government Reformation neDare reHurumende rinogara rakasimba uye rine mawebsite akasimba ane zvinhu zvakawanda zvokutarisira.

Unogona kunzvera mibato yokutarisira musangano pa Coreff.gov, iyo inogovera kusvika kwakakwana kumashoko emitemo nemibato yedare.

Matura Ehofisi Anozvidavirira eHurumende

GO (GAO.gov) inogovera mukana wevoruzhinji wemishumo yose yeGAO, uchapupu, uye zvisarudzo zvemitemo. Vagari vanogona kunzvera kupfurikidza nemisoro, sangano, kana kuti musi kuti vawane zvinhu zvinowirirana. GAO inobudisawo mabhuku chaiwo, kubatanidza Supreme-Risk Yaro Risk Rusarudzo rwemapurogiramu ehurumende anotapurwa nounyengeri, tsvina, kubatwa zvisina kufanira, uye mushumo wayo wegore negore pamusoro pemari yehurumende.

Mishumo yeGAO inonyorwa kuti isvike kuvateereri vasiri nyanzvi apo vanoramba vachingotaura mashoko okupfupikisa evakuru vakuru anosimbisa zviwanwa zvinokosha uye zvinorumbidzwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti vagari vemo vakurumidze kunzwisisa pfungwa dzinokosha kunyange mumishumo mirefu yenhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa.

Access GAO mishumo nezvishandiso zvokutarisira pa GAO.gov kuhwirudzura kunzvera kwakazvimirira kwemapurogiramu ehurumende uye mabasa.

C-SPAN neFireji yezvinobudisa nhau

C-SPAN inogovera kufukidzwa kupenyu nokuchengetwa kwekutongwa kwedare, ichibvumira vagari vemo kutarira zvinoitika zvokutarisira zvose zvavo. Uku kusvika kusina kugadziriswa kunogonesa vaoni kuumba rutongeso rwavo vamene pamusoro pechipupuriro nemibvunzo, panzvimbo pokutsamira bedzi pamashoko anopetwa kana kuti zvikamu zvamashoko.

Kunyange zvazvo kubudiswa kwenhau kusingatauri nezvenyaya dzokutarisira kusingatarisirwi uye kuongorora, kugovera mashoko akapoteredza, kuongorora, uye kutsinhira kwenyanzvi.

Mishumo Yebasa Rokutsvakurudza reCongress

Apo mishumo yeCRS isingangoererwi kuziviswa pachena, yakawanda inowanika kupfurikidza namahofisi emisangano kana kuti newebsite seAllCRSS REPURC.com inounganidza ndokubudisa izvi zvinhu zvinokosha.

CRS inopa mishumo mizhinji kuongororwa kwakajeka kwenhau dzemitemo dzakaoma, mibvunzo yepamutemo, uye zvirongwa zvehurumende. Inopa vagari vemo mashoko akaenzana okuenzana, ane chinangwa anoshandiswa nenhengo dzeDare kuti dzizivise mabasa avo okutarisira uye zvisarudzo zvemitemo.

Rusununguko Rwemashoko Runoita Zvikumbiro

Kunyange zvazvo FOIA zvikumbiro zvichienda kumasangano panzvimbo peCongress, magwaro anowanikwa anogona kupa mashoko anokosha pamusoro pemabasa ehurumende uye angaratidza nyaya dzinoita kuti pave nedare rinotarisira.

Masangano akawanda anoita kuti zvivako izvi zvigare zvichiverengwa paIndaneti uye zvinobudiswa pachena kuti zvinenge zvakumbirwa kuti zviwanikwe.

Kuita Basa Rokutungamirira

Vagari vemo vanogona kuita zvinopfuura kungotaura mashoko pamusoro pokutarisira kuungana kweungano nechemumwoyo, uye vanogona kushingaira kutora rutivi mukutungamirira uye kutungamirira zvinhu zvinokosha.

Vamiririri Vemisangano Yeungano Vanotaura Nezveungano

Vagari vemo vanogona kutaura nevamiririri vavo nevatungamiriri kuti vamutse zvinetso pamusoro pemapurogiramu ehurumende kana kuti masangano, kutaura nyaya dzokutarisira, kana kuti kutaura kutsigira kuongorora kunopfuurira.

Pakuonana nehofisi dzesangano, vagari vemo vanofanira kuva vakananga pamusoro peitiro hanya dzavo, kugovera maidi akafanira nezvinyorwa, uye kutsanangura zvakajeka chikonzero nei nhau yacho ichiraira ngwariro yedare.

Kupa Mazano Kuna GOO uye Kunzverwa Kwevatungamiriri Vezvinhu

Vagari vane mashoko anotaura nezvezvinetso zvingangovapo mupurogiramu dzehurumende vanogona kupa mari yemipiro iyi inoita kuti GAO ikurumidze kuongorora kana kuti kuongorora.

Masangano mamwe namamwe anewo vanzveri vakuru vanoongorora unyengeri, tsvina, uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira mumasangano awo.IGrine inogovera imwe nzira yokuti vagari vemo vashuma nayo zvinovanetsa uye inoita kuti kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kuvepo.

Kupinda Kutongwa Kwevanhu Vose

Ndudzi dzakawanda dzemisangano dzakazarukira vanhu, dzichibvumira vagari vemo kupinda pachivande ndokucherekedza nomutoo wokutarisira zvakananga. Nepo zvigaro zvingava zvakaganhurirwa nokuda kwokunzwa kwedare rakakwirira, marusando akawanda enguva dzose ane nzvimbo yakakwana nokuda kwavagari vemo vanofarira.

Kupinda dare kunogovera nzwisiso yechienzi pamusoro penzira iyo tarisiro inoshanda nayo, simba pakati pemitezo yedare nezvapupu, uye nhau duku dzinonzverwa. Vagari vanopinda kunzwa vanogonawo kusangana navashandi vomusangano kuti vakurukure itiro hanya dzavo kana kuti kugovera mashoko okuwedzera akafanira kubasa redare.

Kubatana Nemasangano Evafundisi

Masangano akawanda asingawani mhindu anonangidzira ngwariro pakuzvidavirira kwehurumende nokujeka. Mapoka akafanana neProject on Governmental Unders, Citizers for Face and Ethics muWashington, uye masangano akasiyana - siyana anotarisira zvakananga mabasa okutarisira dare uye basa kusimudzira kuzvidavirira kwehurumende kunobudirira.

Masangano aya anowanzopa mashoko akakwana enhau dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzokutarisira, anotsigira kutarisira kwakasimba zvikuru mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakati, uye anokurudzira vagari vemo kutsigira matanho okuzvidavirira. Kubatanidzwa nemapoka aya kunogona kubatsira vagari vemo kuramba vachiziva uye kuwedzera manzwi avo panyaya dzokutarisira.

Kufambira Mberi Kwemagungano Munguva Ichangopfuura

Kutarisira kweCongregational kunoramba kuchichinja - chinja nemhaka yokuchinja kwemaindasitiri, kumuka kwezvinetso zvemitemo, uye kuchinja - chinja simba riri pakati pemapazu ehurumende.

Kutarisira Munguva Yetsika

Kuchinja kwemakombiyuta kwachinja zvinhu zvesangano uye nzira dzokuritarisira nadzo iye zvino kunotungamirira nyaya dzakadai sokusachengeteka kwemakombiyuta, kuvimbwa kwemashoko, kugadzira zvinhu, uye kuongorora zvinhu nemagariro evanhu nenzvimbo dzinobudisa mashoko nekombiyuta, zvinhu zvisina kutombovapo kare.

Maturusi emagetsi anowedzerawo mano eCongress. Mapepa emagetsi anoita kuti matare agadzirise nokuongorora mashoko akawanda zvikuru kupfuura zvazvaibvira nezvinyorwa zvepepa. Zvishandiso zvekuongorora zvinobatsira vaongorori kuziva mafambiro uye mabharani muhurumende. Unyanzvi hwevhidhiyo hunobvumira matare kupupurira kupota nyika pasina nguva uye kurasikirwa nenzendo.

Kuedza Kuchinja Mazuva Ano

Kutarisirwa kwebazu rinotungamirira ndomumwe wemitoro mikuru yeCongress, neCongress mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya inoongorora nzira dzokuita nadzo mabasa ayo munharaunda iyi, kubatanidza kutarisirazve dare uye kumirira kwepamutemo kwokushanda nebazi guru, sezvo Congress inogona kutanga mahofisi matsva okutungamirira kana kuti epamutemo, miitiro yokutarisira, kana kuti kuchinja iripo, nechisarudzo chimwe nechimwe chinouya nezvokutengeserana nezvimwewo.

Sangano rokutarisira kwakawedzerwa rinobatanidza kuumba sangano idzva, rakadai seCongregational Office of Regatorial Review, kana kuti kugadzirisazve muitiro wokutungamirira uripo kana kuti mabasa aripo, Dare richifanira kuyera kutengeswa kwakasiyana - siyana kana raizobvuma chero zvipi nezvipi zveizvi zvisarudzo, sezvo zvisarudzo zvose zvingawedzera utarisiri hwedare, kutanga hofisi itsva yokuita kunzvera mitemo inokarakadzwa kungagona kubatanidza ndyiko dzakawedzerwa nokuda kwemimwe mibato uye kugona kutevedzera mabasa esangano aripo.

Matambudziko Ari Kuuya Pakutarisira

Kutarisira kwepanguva ino kunotarisana nezvinetso zvinoverengeka zvinokosha. Kubatana kunogona kuderedza kubudirira apo mitezo yedare inoisa betsero yezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo yenzvero ine revo. Kudzivisa kwebazu kutungamirira zvikumbiro kwakawedzera muhurumende dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, kuchitungamirira kuhondo dzapamutemo dzinopfuurira pamusoro pokuitwa kwechinyorwa nechipupuriro.

Kuoma kunzwisisa kwemabasa ehurumende yazvino uno kunoita kuti kutarisira kukuru kuve kwakaoma zvikuru.

Kunyange zvazvo mabasa ehurumende akura, haana kufambirana nokukura uye kuoma kwebazi guru. Matare anofanira kuita zvisarudzo zvakaoma kuti atarisire zvinhu zvinokosha kuti aronde nguva yakaganhurirwa, vashandi, uye mari.

Nguva Yemberi Yokutarisirwa Nemagungano

Sezvo hurumende inopfuurira kuchinja uye denho itsva dzichimuka, kutarisirwa kwesangano kunofanira kuchinjira kuti rirambe richibudirira.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Nokushandisa Mishonga

Ungwaru hwokugadzira uye mashoko akakwirira zvinogona kuchinja utariri hwesangano kupfurikidza nokugonesa kuongororwa kwegadziriro dzehurumende, kuzivikanwa kwevanoongorora kuti vabvunzi vabvumirwe, uye kuongororwa kwemashoko akawanda aisazobvira kuongororwa nemaoko.

Zvisinei, kushandisa unyanzvi uhwu kuchada kuti pave negadziriro huru dzemashandiro ounyanzvi hwezvirongwa uye hwevashandi.

Kusimbisa Kukwanisa Kuita Zvinhu

Vacherekedzi vazhinji vanotsigira kusimbisa simba resangano reCongress rokutungamirira kupfurikidza navashandi vamadare vanowedzera, kuvandudza mapurogiramu okurovedza, uye kugovera zviri nani maturusi emishonga. Zvimwe zvikarakadzo zvinoraira kugadzira masangano matsva anotarisira kana kuti kukudza masangano etsigiro aripo akadai seGO neCongregational Research Service.

Kusarudza kuripo nokuda kwokutanga Congregational Office of Legal Council (OLC), iyo Congress yave ichikurukura kwemakumi emakore, nokutanga OLC ichirayira basa rayo, gadziriro yesangano, uye chiremera chepamutemo, sezvo mabasa anobvira ehofisi angagona kubatanidza kupiwa kwechibvumirano, kubatana, uye kubatana nemamwe masangano, kubatanidza kuita OLC sangano rimwe kana kuti sangano rakaparadzana mukati kana kunze kweDare, uye zviremera izvo Dare reOLC raigona kugadza nazvo OLC kubatanidza mutemo kana kuti kugamuchira mitemo mitsva, neiyi mitoo yokutengesa, sokunge kuti Dare reOLC, OC ringatanga chisarudzo sechibvumirano sechibvumirano chose chenhau dzapamutemo, asi ringagona kusangana nezvinetso mukubvumiranisa.

Kushandira Pamwe Kwebipartisa

Kutarisira kunobudirira kunowanzoda batira pamwe yebipartis, sezvo kunzvera netsigiro yamativi ose ari maviri kunounza kutendeseka kukuru zvikuru uye sezvingabvira zvikuru kuparira chinjo dzine revo.

Mienzaniso yenhau inoratidzira kuti kutarisira kwebipartisa kungava kunobudirira zvikuru. Kunzvera kweWatergate, 9/11 Commission, uye dzimwe nhau dzakasiana - siana dzakabudirira murutivi nemhaka yokuti dzakakurira mapoka anosarura ndokunangidzira ngwariro paidi redonzo. Kudzorera iyi gamuchidzanwa routariri hwebipartisan kungagona kusimudzira budiriro yehurumende mukuzvidavirira.

Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka uye Kubatanidzwa Pachena

Kuwedzera kwemabasa okutarisira uye kuvimbisana kunoitwa nevanhu kungaita kuti vanhu vazvidavirire uye vatoitawo chimwe chinhu nehurumende.

Dare raigona kuwedzera kujeka nokubudisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvokutarisira, kugovera zvishandiso zvokutsvaka zviri nani uye zvokushandisa nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvesangano, uye kugadzira mikana yakawanda yokuti vanhu vatore rutivi mubasa rokutarisira.

Kunzwisisa Kubatsira Kunoita Kutarisira Hurumende

Kutarisira kweCongress kunounza betsero dzinooneka dzokuita kwehurumende nokuzvidavirira, kunyange zvazvo kuyera idzi tapuro kuchigona kuva kwakaoma.

Migumisiro Yakaipa

Kuvapowo zvako kwoutariri hwesangano kunoparira miuyo inodzivisa kuparadzwa kwetsvina, unyengeri, uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira. Vakuru vakuru vebazu vanoziva kuti zviito zvavo zvinganzverwa neDare, kuchitanga sundo dzokuwirirana nomutemo uye kutarisirwa kwezviwanikwa zvoruzhinji. Uku kudzivisa kunoshanda kunopfuurira, kunyange apo Congress inenge isiri kunzvera nokushingaira chiteshi chakati kana kuti purogiramu.

Kutyisidzira kwokutongwa nevoruzhinji, kuparadzirwa kwemashoko akaipa, uye migumisiro yepamutemo inobvira zvinokurudzira vakuru vakuru kutevera miitiro yakafanira, kunyora zvisarudzo zvavo, uye kudzivisa miitiro inopanikirika.

Zviito Zvokururamisa uye Kuchinja Zvinhu

Kuongorora kwokungwarira kazhinji kazhinji kunotungamirira kuzviito zvokururamisa izvo zvinovandudza mabasa ehurumende. Zvirongwa zvingachinja miitiro, kushandisa ganhuriro itsva, chirango kana kuti kubvisa vakuru vakuru vane zvinetso, kana kuti kuita mamwe matanho okukurukura nhau dzinoziviswa kupfurikidza noutariri. Dare ringagadza mutemo wokuvandudza mapurogiramu, kujekesa zviremera zvesangano, kana kuti kuisa zvinodikanwa zvitsva zvakavakirwa pazviwanwa zvokutarisira.

Makambani anoshandisa chikamu chikuru chemajekiseni eGAO, zvichiita kuti pave nemabhiriyoni emadhora akachengetedzwa uye kuti pave nokugadziridzwa kuzhinji.

Kuziva Vanhu Nekuzvidavirira Kunoitwa Nehurumende

Mibato yokutarisira inozivisa vanhu pamusoro pemibato yehurumende, ichigonesa vagari vemo kuita rutongeso rwavanoziva zvikuru pamusoro pemiitiro nevakuru vakuru. Kunzwa kwenzvimbo dzapamusoro kungagona kunangidzira ngwariro yorudzi panhau dzinokosha, kurukurirano yavose, uye miuyo yakasarudzwa.

Basa iri redzidzo yavose rinoshandisa hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vemo vane manyuko amashoko pamusoro penzira iyo hurumende yavo inoshanda nayo uye kuti madhora avo omutero anopedzerwa sei. Kunyange apo utariri husingatungamiriri kuchinjo dzemitemo dzapakarepo, hunoparira kuzvidavirira kwenguva refu kupfurikidza nokuita marekodhi avose ayo vagari vemo, vatori venhau, uye vezvenhau vanogona kunzvera.

Mugumo: Basa Rinokosha Routarisiri Mukutonga Kwehurumende Yegutsaruzhinji

Kutarisira Congress kunomiririra chinhu chinokosha chehurumende yegutsaruzhinji yeAmerica, chinokosha pakuparadzanisa masimba, kuvimbisa kuti hurumende ichazvidavirira, uye kudzivirira kufarira kwevanhu.

Kuziva kuti kutarisira matare kunoshanda sei, kuti kunoshanda kupi, kuti vaone kuti vangaita sei kuti basa rokutarisira riitwe sei, uye kuti vangaitei, kunoita kuti vagari vemo vanzi varonge uye kuti vanzi vatarisire sei dare racho, kunoita kuti vatarisire uye vanzi vanzi vatevedzere vatarisire zvinenge zvichiitika.

Gadziriro inotarisana nedenho dzinopfuurira, kubva pakupesana kwemapoka kusvikira kuganhuriro dzinowedzera dzemibato yehurumende. Zvisinei, inobetserwawo nefambiro mberi dzeruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, vashandi vanodzidzira, uye zvivako zvesangano zvakatangwa kwanopfuura mazana maviri amakore ebasa. Sezvo hurumende inopfuurira kushanduka, utariri hwedare redare rinofanira kuchinjika apo inochengeta kuzvipira kwayo kukuru kukuzvidavirira, kujeka, uye udzori hwedemocracy.

Vagari vemo vanotora nguva yavo kuti vanzwisise uye vatarisire musangano vanobatsira kuti hurumende ive nani uye hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu ine utano hwakanaka.

Shanyira Dare Remba pamusoro poutariri uye Chinjo yeHurumende kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pemibato yazvino yetarisiro nezvishandiso zvedare.